REVIEWER IN ICF

Software is a instructions that tell a computer what to do. Software comprises the entire set of programs,
procedures, and routines associated with the operation of a computer system

The two main categories of software are

System software and Application software

OPERATING SYSTEM

-the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory and processes,
as well as all of its software and hardware.

Types of Operating System

Windows 11 is the latest major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system, released on October 5,
2021.

Windows 10 - Microsoft described Windows 10 as an "operating system as a service" that would receive
ongWindows 8 - It was released to manufacturing on August 1, 2012, and was made available for download
via MSDN and TechNet on August 15, 2012. oing updates to its features and functionality

Windows 7- Windows 7 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft

Windows Vista is a major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system. It was released to
manufacturing on November 8, 2006, and became generally available on January 30, 2007, on
the Windows Marketplace

Windows XP Professional Edition - Windows XP Professional Edition - A version used by many businesses on
workstations. It has the ability to become a member of a corporate domain. Windows XP is a
major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system

Windows XP Home Edition - A lower cost version of Windows XP which is for home use only and should not
be used at a business.

Windows ME - A upgraded version from windows 98 but it has been historically plagued with programming
errors which may be frustrating for home users

Windows 2000 - A better version of the Windows NT operating system which works well both at home and
as a workstation at a business

Windows 98- This was produced in two main versions. The first Windows 98 version was plagued with
programming errors

Windows 95 - The first version of Windows after the older Windows 3.x versions offering a better interface
and better library functions for programs

Windows NT - A version of Windows made specifically for businesses offering better control over
workstation capabilities to help network administrators

Operating Systems not made by Microsoft

Unix- It is primary used to be a server rather than a workstation

Linux - Linux is similar to Unix in operation but it is free. It also should not be used by anyone who does not
understand the system and can be difficult to learn

Apple Macintosh - Most recent versions are based on Unix but it has a good graphical interface so it is both
stable
Operating System Functions

Resource Management: An operating system manages a collection of computer hardware resources by

using a variety of programs

Task Management: The function of the operating system that controls the running of many tasks. It
manages one program or many programs within a computer system simultaneously

File management: This is a function that manages data files

User Interface: It is a function of an operating system that allows users to interact with a computer

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

multi-user : Allows two or more users to run programs at the same time.

multiprocessing : Supports running a program on more than one CPU.

multitasking : Allows more than one program to run concurrently.

multithreading : Allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently.

real time: Responds to input instantly.

Virtual Memory - This is a technique for an operating system to manage memory.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

WORD PROCESSING APPS- This type of application allows you to complete writing tasks,
such as writing, editing and formatting.
Examples: MS Word, WordPad, Notepad and some other text editors.

SPREADSHEET APPS: A spreadsheet application can help you complete tasks to compute
and organize data. With this tool, you can store business data, create budgets and
generate reports and charts.
Example: MS Excel, Google sheet

DATABASE: This type of application allows you to store and sort business information in
fields, records and files. With a database app, you can enter and edit data, maintain
business files and create new records.
Example: Oracle, MS Access

PRESENTATION APPS: Assists users in creating visual and textual content presentations.
Its used often for meetings, lectures or webinars.
Example: MS Powerpoint, Google slides, Keynote
MULTIMEDIA APPS: This type of application can contain a combination of text, animation,
audio, video and image content. You can use these tools to create content, assemble and
watch videos and record and mix audio tracks.
Example: Real player, Media Player, VLC Player

COMMUNICATION apps: Communication applications allow you to connect with other

individuals who also have these applications to share text, video and audio. These tools
can help you host meetings remotely and work with other professionals who may live
across the country.
Example: Skype, Google Meet, Zoom, messenger

WEB BROWSERS: These types of applications allow you to access the internet through
different host providers. With this tool, you can access and view websites to help you
complete your tasks.
Example: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari,Microsoft Edge

EMAIL apps: You can use these types of applications to write, send, receive and read
emails from other individuals. These programs are helpful when you're working or trying
to contact other individuals.
Example: Gmail, Outlook, Windows mail
HOW DOES A COMPUTER WORK?