Fundamentals
M15
GAS TURBINE ENGINE
Rev.-ID: 1APR2013
Author: DaC
For Training Purposes Only
ELTT Release: Jul. 19, 2013
M15.20
Fire Protection Systems
EASA Part-66
CAT B1
M15.20_B1 E
Training Manual
For training purposes and internal use only.
E Copyright by Lufthansa Technical Training (LTT).
LTT is the owner of all rights to training documents and
training software.
Any use outside the training measures, especially
reproduction and/or copying of training documents and
software − also extracts there of − in any format at all
(photocopying, using electronic systems or with the aid
of other methods) is prohibited.
Passing on training material and training software to
third parties for the purpose of reproduction and/or
copying is prohibited without the express written
consent of LTT.
Copyright endorsements, trademarks or brands may
not be removed.
A tape or video recording of training courses or similar
services is only permissible with the written consent of
LTT.
In other respects, legal requirements, especially under
copyright and criminal law, apply.
Lufthansa Technical Training
Dept HAM US
Lufthansa Base Hamburg
Weg beim Jäger 193
22335 Hamburg
Germany
Tel: +49 (0)40 5070 2520
Fax: +49 (0)40 5070 4746
E-Mail: Customer-Service@LTT.DLH.DE
www.Lufthansa-Technical-Training.com
Revision Identification:
S The date given in the column ”Revision” on the face of S Dates and author’s ID, which may be given at the base S The LTT production process ensures that the Training
this cover is binding for the complete Training Manual. of the individual pages, are for information about the Manual contains a complete set of all necessary pages
latest revision of that page(s) only. in the latest finalized revision.
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
M15.20
M15 GAS TURBINE ENGINE
M15.20 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
FRA US/O-5 DaC May 22, 2013 ATA DOC Page 1
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Detections System
M15.20
FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM
Engine Fire Detection System
Each fire detection system has sensors, a control unit, and various warnings.
Each engine has its own fire detection system. It must be operative when the
engine is running.
The sensor of the engine fire detection system is always a dual continuous
loop. You can find both types of continuous loops on engines:
S the semiconductor and
S the pneumatic pressure type.
The loop on each engine has several sensing elements to detect a fire as
quickly as possible.
One or two dual loop elements, usually called the fan elements, are installed
near the accessory gearbox.
They detect fires that break out if equipment like the IDG or hydraulic pump
fails, or if there are oil or fuel leaks.
One or two sensor elements, called the core elements, are located around the
core engine. They primarily detect hot air leaks.
One element is located at the top of the engine near the pylon fire wall. It is
called the pylon element and it primarily detects leaks from the bleed air duct.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 01|Eng Fire Detec Sys|L1|A/B1 Page 2
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Detections System
M15.20
Fan Elements Core Elements Pylon Element
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
Figure 1 Engine Fire Detection Sensors
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 01|Eng Fire Detec Sys|L1|A/B1 Page 3
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Detections System
M15.20
Engine Fire Detection System cont.
The warnings that are generated in the cockpit when loop A and loop B detect
a fire are the local warning and the central warning.
The local warning of an engine fire detection system is primarily a red light
inside a switch. With this switch you can isolate the engine with a single action.
In this Airbus a fire push button is used and in a Boeing a fire handle. This
switch must be easy to reach by both pilots and is therefore usually located on
the overhead panel.
On some aircraft types there is an additional red light near the engine master
switch on the pedestal. This shows the pilot which engine must be shut down.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 02|Eng Fire Detec Sys|L1|/A/B1 Page 4
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Detections System
M15.20
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
Figure 2 Local Warnings
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 02|Eng Fire Detec Sys|L1|/A/B1 Page 5
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Detections System
M15.20
Engine Fire Detection System cont.
The central warning, as you already know, has the aural and visual attention
getters and a warning message on the ECAM or EICAS display.
A list of the necessary corrective action is also shown on the ECAM display.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 03|Eng Fire Detec Sys|L1|A/B1 Page 6
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Detections System
M15.20
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
Figure 3 Central Warning
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 03|Eng Fire Detec Sys|L1|A/B1 Page 7
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Extinguishing System
M15.20
FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
Engine System Introduction
Four different fire extinguishing systems are installed in jet aircraft. In the last
lesson you learned all common items of these systems.
In this lesson we will show you the specific features and the operation of the
fire extinguishing systems for
S the engines,
S the APU,
S the cargo compartments,
S and for the toilets.
For the engine fire extinguishing system the regulations need a “2−shot”
system. This means that you can discharge the content of two fire extinguisher
bottles to one engine.
You usually find the two bottles installed in the strut of each engine.
The two bottles are identical and located side by side.
The two engine fire extinguisher bottles of one engine are connected to a
common discharge pipe. This pipe leads the halon to a spray nozzle at the top
of the engine.
For good distribution of the halon, on some engines there is also a nozzle
below the fan.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 01|Eng Sys Intro|L1|A/B1 Page 8
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Extinguishing System
M15.20
2 Extinguisher Bottles
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
Figure 4 Engine System Introduction
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 01|Eng Sys Intro|L1|A/B1 Page 9
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Extinguishing System
M15.20
Engine System Operation
When a fire warning is triggered, the pilot must first shut down the engine and
then operate the fire push button.
You can read these steps on the ECAM display of an Airbus aircraft.
To operate the fire push button, you must first open the safety guard. This
guard prevents accidental operation of the push button.
When you press the fire push button, it unlatches and moves out a few
millimetres.
This movement operates a set of contacts for the following functions:
S the engine driven generator is switched off, because the generator control
relay and the generator power relay open.
S the bleed air valve closes.
S the low pressure fuel shut-off valve closes.
S the hydraulic valve closes.
S the central warning system gets a signal and updates the ECAM displays.
Finally this function arms the firing circuits for the bottles. This is shown to you
by the two squib lights coming on.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 02|Eng Sys Ops|L1|A/B1 Page 10
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Extinguishing System
M15.20
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
Figure 5 Engine System Operation
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 02|Eng Sys Ops|L1|A/B1 Page 11
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Extinguishing System
M15.20
Engine System Operation cont.
When you press the agent push button, you activate the electrical current of
the firing circuit.
This heats up the squib, and the cartridge explodes and ruptures the frangible
disc.
The nitrogen presses the halon out of the bottle, and via the spray nozzles it
floods the complete cowling.
The amber discharge light now shows you that the bottle is empty.
Usually the discharge of one fire extinguisher bottle is sufficient and
extinguishes the engine fire.
If the fire warning is still on after 30 s, you must discharge the second bottle.
When you press the second agent push button, you switch on the electrical
current of the firing circuit for the second bottle. This opens the bottle, and the
halon discharges and floods the complete cowling again.
The check valve inside the pipe prevents the refilling of the empty first bottle.
When the bottle is nearly empty, the second amber discharge light also
illuminates.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 03|Eng Sys Ops|L1|A/B1 Page 12
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Extinguishing System
M15.20
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
Figure 6 Bottle Discharge
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 03|Eng Sys Ops|L1|A/B1 Page 13
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Extinguishing System
M15.20
Engine System Example 2
In this 4−engine aircraft you can find two bottles for the left two engines and
two bottles for the right two engines.
They are installed in the wing leading edge.
Each bottle has two discharge heads:
S one for the outer engine, here engine one, and
S one for the inner engine, here engine two.
This aircraft type, like many others, has fire handles instead of fire push
buttons. Usually you can find the fire handles on the overhead panel.
You must pull a fire handle to activate the engine isolation circuits. These
circuits are the same as in our previous example.
The fire handle is usually locked in its pushed position to prevent an accidental
shut-down of an engine. You can only pull the fire handle when it its unlocked.
This happens automatically by a solenoid when a fire warning is activated.
You can also unlock the handle when you press the manual override push
button. This is necessary if you must isolate the engine because of other
reasons, for instance, engine damage.
When you pull fire handle number one, engine number one is isolated from all
supplies. This is performed in the same way as you saw before.
Pulling the handle also unlocks a cam. This permits a rotation of the handle to
activate the firing circuit of the bottle.
The cam is blocked in its neutral position as long as the handle is not pulled.
This prevents handle rotation and accidental firing of the bottle.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 04|Eng Sys Examp|L1|A/B1 Page 14
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Extinguishing System
M15.20
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
Figure 7 Engine System 2
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 04|Eng Sys Examp|L1|A/B1 Page 15
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Extinguishing System
M15.20
Engine System Example 2 cont.
You can extinguish the fire in engine # 1.
The halon leaves the bottle and discharges to engine number one.
When the bottle is empty the corresponding bottle discharge light illuminates.
When the fire warning stays on, you must also discharge bottle B.
The halon leaves the bottle and discharges also to engine number one.
When the bottle is empty the second bottle (bottle B) discharge light also
illuminates.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 05|Eng Sys Examp|L1|A/B1 Page 16
Lufthansa Technical Training
GAS TURBINE ENGINE EASA PART-66 M15
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Fire Extinguishing System
M15.20
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!
Figure 8 Bottle Discharge in System 2
HAM US/F-4 SaR 01.06.2007 05|Eng Sys Examp|L1|A/B1 Page 17
M15.20 B1 E
TABLE OF CONTENTS
M15 GAS TURBINE ENGINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
M15.20 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
ENGINE FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ENGINE SYSTEM INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ENGINE SYSTEM OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
ENGINE SYSTEM EXAMPLE 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Page i
M15.20 B1 E
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page ii
M15.20 B1 E
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Engine Fire Detection Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 2 Local Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figure 3 Central Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Figure 4 Engine System Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 5 Engine System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 6 Bottle Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Figure 7 Engine System 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 8 Bottle Discharge in System 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Page i
M15.20 B1 E
TABLE OF FIGURES
Page ii
M15.20 B1 E
TABLE OF FIGURES
Page iii
M15.20 B1 E
TABLE OF FIGURES
Page iv
