Part 1
For questions 1—8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best
fits each gap. There’s an example at the beginning (0).
Example:
0 A straight B common C everyday D conventional
Studying black bears
After years studying North America’s black bears in the (0) conventional way,
wildlife biologist Luke Robertson felt no closer to understanding the creatures. He
realised that he had to (1) ............ their trust. Abandoning scientific detachment, he
took the daring step of forming relationships with the animals, bringing them food to
gain their acceptance.
The (2) ......... this has given him into their behaviour has allowed him to dispel
certain myths about bears. (3) ........ to popular belief, he contends that bears do not
(4) ........ as much for fruit as previously supposed. He also (5) ........ claims that they
are ferocious. He says that people should not be (6) ........ by behaviour such as
swatting paws on the ground, as this is a defensive, rather than an aggressive, act.
However, Robertson is no sentimentalist. After devoting years of his life to the bears,
he is under no (7) ........ about their feelings for him. It is clear that their interest in
him does not (8)........... beyond the food he brings.
Part 2
For questions 9—16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each
gap. Use only one word in each gap. There’s an example at the beginning (0).
The origin of language
The truth (0) is nobody really knows how language first began. Did we all start
talking at around the same time (9) .......... of the manner in which our brains had
begun to develop?
Although there is a lack of clear evidence, people have come up with various
theories about the origins of language. One recent theory is that human beings have
evolved in (10)............... a way that we are programmed for language from the
moment of birth. In (11) ........ words, language came about as a result of an
evolutionary change in our brains at some stage.
Language (12) ........ well be programmed into the brain but, (13) ........ this, people
still need stimulus from others around them. From studies, we know that (14) ............
children are isolated from human contact and have not learnt to construct sentences
before they are ten, it is doubtful they will ever do so. This research shows, if (15)
............else, that language is a social activity, not something invented (16)
..........isolation.
