CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, the

respondents of the study, sampling design, profile of the

study, research instrument, validity and reliability of the

questionnaire, data gathering procedure, data analysis and

statistical tools.

Research Design

This study employs the descriptive-correlational

research design. According to Frankael and Wallen (2006),

descriptive-correlational research design is concerned at

obtaining facts or ascertaining the prevailing conditions or

situations as they exist at the time of the study and

measuring the extent of relationship among set of variables

and, there by formulating a cause-effect relationship which

can be verified through experimental procedure.

This research design was deemed appropriate for this

study because it describes the 45-minute class duration and

its relation to students’ academic achievement.

Respondent of the Study

The respondents of this study are the Grade 10

students of Jamindan National High School year 2024-2025.

Slovin' formula (Frankel and Wallen, 2006) is used to

determine the sample size.

In determining the number of respondent, the

researcher will randomly pick the respondent using the

lottery technique. This will be done in order that each

student has the chance to participate in the study.

Sampling Design

The stratified random sampling procedure is used to get the

sample respondents from the entire population.

Table1. Distribution of Respondent when Taken as a Whole Group

Respondent N n
STE 41 21
Amethyst 37 20
Diamond 37 19
Emerald 38 19
Jade 37 19
Onyx 36 19
Pearl 38 19
Ruby 38 19
Sapphire 36 19
Topaz 36 19

The respondents are classified according to category of

variables of section.

For section, the respondents are classified as STE,

Amethyst, Diamond, Emerald, Jade, Onyx, Pearl, Ruby,

Sapphire and Topaz.

Research Instrument

The data in this study will be gathered using a

research-made questionnaire.

The questionnaire consisted of three (2) parts wherein

part one (1) contain personal information including their

section and 1st quarter general average and part two (2) was

composed of items of 45-minute class duration.

The items for 45-minute Class Duration and Students’ is

answerable by 5 Always, 4 Often, 3 Occasionally, 2 Rarely, 1

Very Rarely. Each respondent was given a score 5,4,3,2, and

I respectively. The mean for each item will be computed and

converted into a descriptive rating scale based on

Guilford's scaling Guilford's, 1993).

Validity of the Questionnaire

The items in the questionnaire are carefully prepared

and meticulously analyzed for their relevance as indicators

of the defined variable. The researchers will submit the

draft to their adviser and panel members for critiquing and

improvement. The adviser and panel members suggestions,

corrections, and recommendations are considered in the

revision of the instrument.

Reliability of the Questionnaire

The draft of validated questionnaire will be presented

for reliability among 30 Grade 11 STEM students of Jamindan

National High School. Before the actual administration of

the questionnaire before the pretest, approval will be

sought from the school principal of Jamindan National High

School through a formal communication.

Reliability is the correlation of an item scale, or

instrument with hypothetical one which truly measures what

was it supposed to. Statistical formula used as one

estimated of the reliability of a test, Reliability meant

the stability of the test score. In this research, the

researcher will calculate the reliability through Kuder

Richardson 21 (KR-21) formula (Frankael and Wallen, 2009).

If the result of calculation is higher than 0.70, the test

is reliable and cannot be used as test of instrument. So, if

the result of reliability coefficient is higher than 0.70.

It means that the instrument could be considered as reliable

(Frakael and Wallen, 2009), the reliability coefficient of

the questionnaire in this study Cronbach's Alpha would be

used set at 0.05 level of significance.

The instrument for both variables will be tested for its

reliability by the Chronbach's alpha respectively.

Data Gathering Procedure
Prior to conduct of the study, the researchers’ will

ask permissions from the principal of Jamindan National High

School to conduct the study. Upon the approval of the

letter, the researchers will personally administer and

explain the instructions of the questionnaire to the sample

participants. The tests will be given one by one after

finishing the other test. After the questionnaires are

completed answered, data gathered will be tabulated,

analyzed and interpreted using appropriate statistical tool.

The validated questionnaire that was established reliable

will reproduced according to the number of respondents.

After the questionnaires are completely accomplished,

followed by the retrieval of the researcher.

The data will be encoded, organized and tabulated.

Computations and subsequent analysis will be aided by the

Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Software.

Data Analysis

In determining the level of 45-minute class duration, the

mean below will be used. The scale is prepared by

subtracting the lowest of score of one (1) from the highest

score of five (5), to find the range which was four (4). The

range four (4) was to be divided by five (5) adjectival

descriptions or categories. The quotient which was 0.80 is

the step interval, which was used to formulate the class

interval as shown below.

Scale Responses Description

4.21- 5.00 Always Very High
3.41- 4.20 Often High
2.61- 3.40 Occasionally Moderate
1.81- 2.60 Rarely Low
1.00- 1.80 Very Rarely Very Low
 After the mean is obtained from the computation, the

level of 45 minute class duration will be interpreted as

"Very High" (4.21-5.00) "High" (3.41-4.20), "Moderate" (2.

61-3.40), "Low" (1.81-2.60), "Very Low" (1.00-1.80).

In determining the level of academic achievement of

Grade 10 students, their 1st quarter average grades will be

used. This will be interpreted using the scale below as

indicated in the school form 9 of the Department of

Education.

Scale Interpretation
90-100 Outstanding
85-89 Very Satisfactory
80-84 Satisfactory
75-79 Fairly Satisfactory
Below 75 Did Not Meet Expectations

In determining if there is a significant difference and

relationship in the level of Technology Integrated Classroom

Instruction and Academic Achievement of STE students when

classified according to grade level the scale below will be

used:

>0.05 - is a significant difference or relationship

<0.05 - there is no significant difference or

Statistical tool

The following statistical tools will be used to analyze

and interpret the result of the study.

For descriptive statistics, frequency count,

percentage, and mean were used.

Frequency Count and Percentage. In determining the

distribution of respondents according to selected variables

and number of responses for each item in the questionnaire,

frequency count and percentage were used.

 Mean. In determining the level of 45-minute class

duration and students’ academic achievement, will be used.

For inferential statistics, t-test, and Pearson

Production-Moment Coefficient of Correlation (Pearson's r)

will be used.

ANOVA. In determining the difference in the level of

45-minute class duration and students’ academic achievement

when respondents were classified according to sex, t-test

was used set at 0.05 probability level.

Pearson Product-Moment Coefficient of Correlation

(Pearson's r). In determining the relationship between the

level of 45-minute class duration and students’ academic

achievement, the Pearson's set at 0.05 level of significance

will be use.

The result of the statistical analysis will be presented

in tabular forms and discussions.