San Jose Community College

San Jose, Malilipot Albay

2nd Semester, A.Y 2020-2021

Preliminary Examinations
Requirement

Subject: RESEARCH 2

Mr. Iverson B. Cortezano

Student

Dr. Maria Caroline O. Moratin

Professor
Module 1: INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Discussion Questions:
1. Why research considers as of great value to mankind? Explain.
Research consider as of great value to mankind because it helps us extend
our knowledge about different aspects of life and of the world beyond what we
used to know. Through research, human have the chance to discover new
knowledge and new experience that could eventually makes him understand
what’s in a real world. As research defined by the Code of Research Regulation
as a systematic investigation designed to develop or contribute to generalizable
knowledge, research became valuable to humankind which helps them to use their
intellectuality to decipher fresh and new knowledge. This could help to solve
certain problem or social issues in the society. By having research, we could
formulate systematic and practical solutions that gained from different
recommendations included in the research.

2. Why research and development responds to the economic recovery and austerity
measure of a country? Like the Philippines.
Research and development responds to the economic recovery and
austerity measures of a country like in the Philippines considering that research
benefits business. Many successful companies such as those producing consumer
goods or mas-market items, invest in research and development. Many industries
that involve science and engineering processes have high research and
development expenses because it is critical to the creation and improvement of
their products and services. In addition, research and development is essential to
support a country’s economy. Finding out how things work in the local and global
market, countries like the Philippines could identify efficient solutions in recovering
economy especially in this trying times.

3. Give at least 10 values of research to Man and explain each value.

Research has always been valuable to anyone of us. It gives us so much
fuel to fires up our minds to eagerly gain and discover lot and new knowledge. One
of the values of research to man is research improves the quality of life. Research
has led man to search for ways in improving his life. It has led to focus on improving
processes and means by which he must love and get his interest. Another value
of research is that research has deep – seated psychological aspects. It stimulates
and ennobles the human spirit. It challenges man to remove the threat of
stagnation. It is an open door to a better future and it guides him in his efforts to
obtain good results which contribute to his satisfaction and self- fulfillment.
Research improves the exportation of food products. Through research, the
exportation of food products has improved. Foods, being exported has longer shelf
– life through employment of preservation of techniques that stemmed from
research. Research also improves instruction. It helps some of the profession like
 the modern teacher. It introduces and integrates the 3Rs (rational thinking, right
conduct, research) in all subject areas in their teaching strategies. This gives them
a broad knowledge with regards of teaching the students. Research also improves
student’s achievement, which could improve the students to keep themselves
updated on issues and trends about the modern methods of acquiring learnings.
Research could also improve teacher’s competence. By the help of the research,
teachers would have the knowledge on how to improve their teaching skills and
strategies. Research satisfies man’s need, modern facilities that satisfy its product
of research. Research reduces the burden of the work. Research responds to the
economic and austerity measures of the country. And most importantly, research
trains graduate to become responsive to the development of the country and
compete globally. This research aimed to produce globally – competitive graduates
that surely take the part of ensuring that our economy is rising.

4. Give at least 5 researchable topics which you feel you want to study. One of which
will be your final exam requirement.
Some of the researchable topics that comes in my mind that something
related to business are, the influence of online marketing on start – up businesses,
the impact of advertising on consumer behavior, the e – commerce industry and
its effect on the world today, globalization and its impact on small scale industries,
and the organizational culture and its influence on innovation management
Module 2: RESEARCH DESIGN
Section 1: Discussion Questions
1. What makes this a descriptive study?
What makes this a descriptive study is that it uses the methods that shows
the accuracy and systematic description of population, situation, or phenomenon.
The study answers the questions what, where, when. This questions are one of
the indications that it is a descriptive study. It uses a wide variety of research
methods to investigate one or more variables. It does not control or manipulate
any of the variables but it was only observed and measured. In this kind of study,
it is very appropriate to choose a descriptive study when aiming for identifying
characteristics, frequencies, trends, and categories.

2. Why did the researcher collect information about the lifestyle of community
residents? What about the type of businesses present in each community?
The researcher collects information about the lifestyle of community
resident maybe because the researcher wanted to know the nature of life that
present in the community. Researcher usually take much time and effort on
investigating about different lifestyle of the community residents. He need to ask
questions by means of conducting a survey. This survey will help him to collect the
needed information for the study. In order to identify the causes of high rates of
 cancer in the community, he needs to know first the factors that triggers cancer.
One of these were the different kind of lifestyle of the residents and what type of
business present in the community.

3. Can the investigator establish that the chemical plant and cigarette smoking are
the cause for the higher rate of cancer among those in community A?
Establishing the chemical plant and cigarette smoking are the cause for
the higher rate of cancer in the community A is possible. Because with the large
number of rate of cigarette smoking and the presence of the chemical plant in the
community can be determine as a strong evidence why large number of the
resident get infected by cancer. Too much cigarette smoking could cause affect
the health of the people and obviously, inhaling toxic odors from the chemical plant
might worsen the bad effects. As stated in the study, residents in the community A
tends to delay or skip going to the doctor for an annual checkup.

4. Can the investigator establish that lower smoking rates and the absence of a
chemical factory explains the lower rate of cancer among those in community B?
The lower smoking rates and the absence of a chemical factory that
explains the lower rate of cancer among these in community B can be establish by
the researcher or investigator. Considering the fact that he conducted a survey to
the residents of both communities about their lifestyle, and type of businesses that
were present in the community and even searched for the medical records, it was
found in the study that the residents in the community B did not smoke as much
as residents in community A. Although, the residents here were also not attending
annual checkup to their doctors, they still managed to have lower rate of cancer.
And this results proves that lower smoking rates and the absence of chemical plant
can explain the declining rate of cancer in the community.

Descriptive studies are usually the best methods for collecting information that will
demonstrate relationships and describe the world as it exists. These types of studies are
often done before an experiment to know what specific things to manipulate and include
in an experiment. Bickman and Rog (1998) suggest that descriptive studies can answer
such as “what is” or “what was”. Experiments can typically answer “why” or “how”.

Section 2: Discussion Questions

1. What makes both of these studies experimental?
These two studies are an experimental study in a fact that it introduces and
integrates intentionally a treatment, procedure, or program and the results or
outcome were observed. The studies manipulated by the researcher because the
purposefully change something in the environment. These two studies use one of
the key element of the experimental study. The random assignment. These means
that if there are groups in the experiments, participants are assigned to these
 groups. This means that no matter who the participant is, he/she has an equal
chance of getting into all of the groups or treatments in an experiment. This process
helps to ensure that the groups are similar at the beginning of the study so that
there are more confidences that the manipulation caused the outcome.

2. What type of information might the investigator collect in these two studies to see
if the treatment (e.g. new teaching method or herbal supplement) is effective?
The type of information might the investigator collect in these two studies
to see if the treatment is effective is the validity of the hypothesis and the efficacy
of something previously untried. New teaching method or herbal supplement both
tested in to two different group participants to test what’s the most effective and
have higher positive results.

3. Can the researcher establish cause and effect in either or both of these two
studies?
The researcher can possibly establish cause and effect in either or both
of these two studies. Because the test being conducted to the participants are the
proofs that these studies can have cause and effect. Like for an instance, in new
teaching method, the researcher introduced new techniques in teaching to the first
group, while standard method practiced in second group. As a results, it was found
that the most effective way of teaching students especially in math subjects is
using the new teaching techniques. It was found that the students learn efficiently
with the new method of teaching. Thus, this study showed cause and effect.

4. What would happen if the researcher allowed the students to study together or talk
about the different methods that were being used to teach the math lesson? Would
this be a good or a bad idea? How would this influence the study results?
If the researcher allowed the students to study together or talk about
different methods that were being used to teach math lesson, this could have better
results or outcomes that could help the researcher identifying what’s the most
effective way of teaching students. In this kind of setting, the communication and
collaboration are high and it makes easier to collect information to support the
study. Sharing their thoughts and opinions about what they have learned in these
two different teaching methods can have better exchanging of ideas and help
others to know more about these different teaching methods.

5. What if the fitness instructor allowed participants to take other herbal supplements
in addition to the supplements being tested? Would this be a good or a bad idea?
How would this influence the study results?
If the fitness instructor allowed participants to take other herbal
supplements in addition to the supplements being tested. I think there will be better
results. Since the study showed there were no changes in performance ability of
the students, this could’ve been better if there were additional supplements and
 the supplements must go through first to clinical trials before testing it to the
students. This could be a good idea in order to provide them more ideas on how
to improve this kind of herbal supplement.

6. Why do you need to pay attention to the details outlined in the study protocols?
a. To learn how to conduct a research study
b. To follow my responsibilities adequately
c. To provide information to a participant’s family
Answer:
We need to pay attention to the details outlined in the study protocols in order
to follow my responsibilities adequately.