The President SCs ne i zen of oi ; Sah Tae ete edo St a tenn 0 se ee Minster 20d Counc of Miniter ‘Goalfcations for President Election pate Satan stadia] [Should be qualified for] | Showle We hold “| [Fite President, the Vice President, the a eV Pa Election of the President ¥ [Tie manner and procedure of election ofthe President of India is mentioned in Article 55 of the Indian Constitution, +The President is elected through an electoral college. ceecsree sine ceced members ofboth houses of Parliament (MPs), the elected members of the State Legislative ccmbiis(Vidhen Sabha) ofall States and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies (MLAs) of three Usioe Toes, Naa Capa Testor (NCT) of Delhi, Union Territory of Puducherry and Jammu and sashimi) + Ther i flac and pry betwen the weightage given othe voles by the MPs and the MLAs. Two methods for counting are used * The weightage to be given to the vote is found by using the following equations. Value ofthe vote of an MLA = Number of Elected Members of Legislative Assembly 1999 Population of the State Total number of votes of all MLAs of all States ‘Number of Elected MPs * The election i held a 11min i el according tothe proportional representation by means ofa single transferable vote- lectins ate held by secret ballot system. Value of vote of an MP = Total no. of votes = * The President ta takes the oath of office, which is administered by the Chief Justice of India.iectlon of he Pret] Puriamcniny Torm of goncramear ict i might ercate an imbalance tween the Prine kan he emures tha it a clcton conducted with digas oney and ener. an anche OID 8 ey iu roe a8 I WOM iva iterate masses who may no be fanliat with the essen en 1 parliamentary sytem, Pema | rect election of the Present he hs the “Tenure of the President ‘A person can Bold the office of the President for a period of fie yeare Removalmpeachment of the President ¥ ‘A second term can ala bo initiated by the same person, but not more then reat, + The President can z The President can be impeached only 7 © Aer Ts digest in iter House of Param In rie gens 23a ss than of U8 member of he Hou, ithe cna IM CREE are imestgaed by the ether Howse THe has the right to defend himscit tthe charges ae acepted by 23 members ofthe Howe we Frege ‘Stands impeached and removed tres, be removed from of Tan ae al ¥ + x ¥ : £ ¥ £ we ‘oer | [ete] Pee] ES] P= pas eS ee [Pisa] [er] Pee) Cet] ier] [Her] [REP] Pe i forces, the Attorney Gi Commission, the Chairman and Commissioners of the Union Tei Bills that require prior recommendation tue rene ke f 1 : in the field of art [A Bill to aner (one) » in ee aries | aa” vice gee i Ail Becomes a faa nett when th AI Beams aw ony * The President may gn hhe may send it back ve the boundaries A Bill seeking to Bill, || draw from the of the States orto Consolidated Fund change the names of India, tack with oy time the President hag : 2 The President istes ondint, PS 28m, * The ordinance used ore Houses of Pariament gt does not apprefare se to cxercee hs crt The President Pie o explore the Posse intact a spre he leit WED Disqus ee he Coun of Minister OF net sv one Bese by the Pa aves the ser resigning 38 in sch cecum ity of fori 3 iat i ace is 10 Tor econsierato ean pecan wild or Fess 10 voishment oF 0 m0 mane president 10 sso}ve — Emergency Powers | —— Comniutional Emergent [ General mera =| [onl esas much of the Lok Sabhi the Lok 5 tife may still to Bitls other than Money Bill “ai ETc Prien asthe power to dare a General Sr ee cu of Tdi from ecermal agaression or armed relia ‘anc! aiiy and economy of the country sin dang. thePeadentcandesareceseny ony fawrten recommendation todo soi eno him ty the Union Cabinet. Ye prcamation of General Emergency must be ratified by the amen within one onto it cases Hirerains infers osx oats time from the date of aifcation fy he Prise. The President becomes the administrator and the federal set-up ceases to exis. ie Govan act acording tthe diction o aie fhe President Tenet mak som bes inthe State Ls. resident can stop the right of the people to move to court for Violin of Fundamental Rights, ca eer of the Lokal ut fresh elections must take he ust ake place within six months of the removal ba can be extended by one year ata time. =n ency was declared forthe fir acing Chines Seen) Ceo Nag ns Besonon NorthEast border The 1971 when atta ated mW dled on Desember 3 Under Article 356: President's rule or Emergency in a State due to constitutional breakdown isprociaimed either on the advice of the Governor or otherwise. * Thisis proclaimed for two months at a time ‘maximum up to three years + The Governor acts in accordance with the direction of the President * The State Council of Ministers and the Vidhan Sabha may be dissolved. +The annual State budget is passed by Parliament. Under Article 360: The President can declare financial Emergency in the ‘country ifthere isa threat to ‘countrys economic stability * Salaries of the Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts and public servants can be reduced. ‘= The President may adopt stringent methods to restore the financial stability “+ He may et upa Financial ‘Commission to help solve the financial crisis. + The State Money Bills may have tobe sent to the President for his assent. + Financial emergency has never been declared since the promulgation of the Constitution.‘asthe power to declare watt pose oe (7 Reitens poston soe of reat shin sad dig IC ame time sirkdy consthationa The Presiden of tia ha Ctr it tt-seihing power ict he cos torh See a ad meso easy passin ofthe Consttio Forty Second ihe Amendment Acts the ‘ur Republic has become a Conn a + The President has all the powers I . Minister and the Council Ministae ‘The Vice-President of India as [2 Pron shoal] [= The vic pendent is ene atl, | [> The mormal be an Indian pan Electoral College consisting of| | "term in other * The Constinution of dia does not list grounds for remo chien, orang (lectedaswellasnominated)| | ister fnesece ark +The Vice over 38 year of |] ofboth houses ofthe Pasion = * Tea cltion i hased on proportional | | yovek Cae * prod ene] | feBtesentation by means ofa single| | TERE¥Ed five |]* The Constitutio ‘Profit under the | | transferable vote though secret baie om for any| | Vic-resident can te vononae romesass Tobe ahs andidtes, signing |] eat JO" ay ‘evolution ofthe Rajya Sabha, 1 to their first preference, 2 to thet, which ean be "states that the| aed bya majority (more than 0% He Second preference, and x0 oa, membership ) and agreed to ty 4 simple majority (50% of presenta Yoting members) of the Lok Sabha * No such resolu1. A person shi ent takes the oath of office adminstered © nt ielected for 3 @ 0 the powerto promulgate an ordinance at Ans. he Chief Justice of the Supreme Court The Prime Minister The Speaker ofthe Lok Sabha a Ans. spute arising in connection with the election President are settled by: The Prime Minister The Speaker of the Lok Sabha The Vice President The Supreme Court President can issue a financial emer, yency is ial emerge hes out of the finances "short answer Questions we catened vernnancial stabity «hee 1s for the el an office of profit eine government wate ee should be 35 (c)_The person $id be an (The person should @ years ol Joann citizen. of jeted the aBe fo ‘election as Vice- 20221 ould be com to be eligible for President (a) 2lyears (©) 3Syears (&) 30years (@ 25 years e President, suring temporary absence of the During (em ischarges the duty ofthe President. “The Chief Justice of India ‘The Speaker of the Lok Sabha The Prime Minister The Vice President @ o) © @ @ \ State the composition of the Electoral College in the election of the President of India. [2014] ‘The President is indirectly elected by the elected members of the Vidhan Sabhas and the elected ‘members of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha according to proportional representation by means ofa single transferable vote. State any one qualification necessary for the election of the President of India. (2015) ‘A person seeking to contest election to become & President: (a) should be an Indian citizen, thirty five years ald or more.Ams, ‘Ans. When no single party or c ° mee Mi under the rvernment. (anyane) sede hy which the Present meh ta pcre ty niet The orca procedure ty which the President can ‘Ae seemed cated impeachment under which & resolution mist be pat ty tothe. Ff passe then fas oreo. 1. an ordinance’? When can it be passed? 14 What isan ord = or linance Who has the power to promulgate an ordi at the centre? When can it be promulgated? 2015} Its like a temporary law issued by the President when the Parliament isnot in session. It has to be *atified by the Parliament when it reconvenes, 41S, When can the President use his Discretionary Power to appoint the Prime Minster? ition of parties ets a clear majority in Lok Sabha, then the President can use his diseretionary power by inviting such a leader as he deems fit to form a ‘government, 16, Me. Konark was not found eligible for the election of the Vice-President of India even though he had ‘the qualifications of being a citizen of India and ‘not being a member of the Parliament and the State Legislature, On what grounds was he disqualified? Give one reason, Ams Mr. Konark held an office of profit under the seal or stale government or was underage (less than 3 year) tha is why he was dsqualifea for the election of the Vice-President of Indi, as the electorate is ‘Ans. The electorate for 1%. Ans. Write any one circum: i ~The President can dechte Nation a. he Messe Supreme Coy setonce forces of Ind Mrhat I the 0e ma Gem ty ee Pret ot tai ey The normal term in oe of hey Of Indias fo ve ear which can pee, anes ens yma oe EE When hep a can declare a National there isa danger of foreign a ore the peace and security of the county beogse® Chal Wa. insurgency or anyother sacha G* Long Answer Questions \w The Pret te cnt, acta nrct Bineeeusete (@) How Is the President etected? (©) Mention three types ‘oF Emergencies tha te President is empowered to prociaim, Or Mention the circumstances when ty resident can declare National Emerging, Explain briefly any four ‘Executive Peet of the President. ng, re President is elected indirectly by ¢ Electoral college which consists ofthe eleced ‘members ofthe Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha and elected members of the Vidhan Sabha A system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote» followed. According to this system, the voter have to mark as many preferences onthe ballot paper as there are the candidates. absolute maj Incase. ifn candidate is able to get absolute iRalotty, then the candidate who ges leas vores Stliminated and his second preference Votes are added to other candidates, This FFOCesS continues and the candidate who gets Absolute majority is declared lected,ea of India, the Chiefs of all te sr inn Testriesare administered = by him. i as teed ee aoe frie puatipee cnet = sy era he Pen cd ly [2018] Fea et ray re re fram eal directly it might create an imbalance between the Prime Minister, who has the real authority, and the Pn Jndirect election of the President ensures that it is shanty tt icons eee ‘energy. Direct el oe aleaner wer of directing. po vs controlling the State fren. Die lt based on Universal Adult oul ett be ey ica process a it sis nt linge percentage of our literate frauen AE 80 familiar with the essential 68 of a parliamentary system, Ther ore money oa ‘Supreme president ca .j a sentence OF J for am 2 pr cat of veri Stone (The Para mt rpaatve pow cee the PFIME : ygues the Parliament Ce tne I fequired, the President can call a joint session of Parliament. ‘atthe first session of a new Parliament, the President presents his address which is prepared by the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers and outlines the government's polices. ‘Abill can become a law only after he gives his assent. In case a Non- Money Bill, the President may give his assent straight away or may even end it back to the Parliament for reconsideration. But when this bill comes to the President for the second time, he has to give his assent. (i) A Money Bill is introduced in the Parliament only with his approval, so the President has to give his assent when it comes to him. Targe number of fe is the one Who ister (iii) During the recess of Parliament, the President can issue ordinances but these have to be ratified by the Parliament when it starts functioning.a nominal and () ©) The Presiden 24 The President of te n,n ls content ing hy ational bead a the nao. tn Bower can end iy rower the following question: foney Bil OF reg ain cube President of India referred to eee lohan iw tx a nominal head of the State? State two ees in Ctamples of his legislative powers that procaine ye assent suggest his nominal status. ‘i > s (b) Explain any two discretionary powers of the (@) When after elections, the President. majority Won by any poli’ % a, Ans. (a) (i) The President is called a nominal head President can us his dig Pry *| ‘as according to the Constitution, he 0 ask a person vote em is bound to follow the advice given by thinks will be able to gor eg the Prime Minister and the Council of SuppOFL, 0 form the gona ® Ministers become the Prime Min (i) All proclamation of emergencies case, the Prime Miniter" a, made by the President have to be laid to prove his majority withing bea! before the Parliament for approval. If period of time, the Parliament does not approve them, they become null and void. 25. The Executive Power of the Indian Union is vested in the President. In this context, answer the (@) How is the President of India elected? State the composition of the Electroal College that eerie es) (6) Explain any three Discretonary Powers of the President. (©) Mention any four Executive Powers of the President. ‘Ans. (a) Election of the President of India * The manner and procedure of election ofthe President of India is mentioned in Article 55. Indian Constitution ‘The President is elected through an electoral college. * It consists of the elected members of both houses of Parliament (MPs), the elected members of ie State Legislative Assemblies( Vidhan Sabha) of all States and the elected members of the Assemblies (MLAs) of two Union Territories (ie., National Capital Territory (NCT) of Deli ant Union Territory of Puducherry). ‘* There is a balance and parity between the weightage given to the votes by the MPs and the MLAs, + The weightage to be given to the vote is found by using the following equations. _ Number of Elected Members of Legislative Assembly Value of the vote of an MLA = Population of the State x 1000 Total number of votes of all MLAS of all States Mee ok inte.ot aa MPS Number of Elected MPs * The election is held according tothe proportional representation by means of a single transferable ve. *# These clections are held by secret ballot system. * The President takes the oath of office, which is administered by the Chief Justice of India. (b) Discretionary Powers of the President + In appointing the Prime Minister from among the contenders when no single party attains majo after elections to the Lok Sabha * A Council of Ministers is voted out and after resigning advises the President to dissolve, the Lok Sabha and hold fresh elections, * The President is expected to exercise his discretion in such circumstanoes as much of the Lok Sabha'slife othe intact and itis worthwhile to explore the possibility of forming an alternative governed! F canmahucang members ofthe legislature when the Couneil’s advice is not taken. F Preniden a tice of the Council of Ministers once for its reconsideration, Bil nosh Yet power by which he can withhold or refuse to give assent to Bills other tha Money Bill passed by the Parliament.am ‘or General Emergency ~ Co) Matin jee 352 of the Indian et en esient can proeai sa Gener mergers i Se Nate of fncign agresion oF rah eae and secu of he ene ea fac as, inte) sean other sich aus. (by mreakdown of constiatonal machinery mMfpder Article 356 ofthe Indian emergency if the constitutional machinery in tate has broken down cr there is deadlock because of political (¢) Financial Emergency - Under Article 300 if Indian constitution, President can proclaim Financial Emergency in ‘ase ofa set-back to the financial stability or credit feasibility of the country is likely tour or has occured (i) Legislative power i {Sate powers ofthe President areas @) 7 President addresses both houses of Parliament assembled together for i) Yaers the 8 eae UP (0 Tse fr sana ) Tented ornare reas follows we tthe President ¥ duty the peor err power to the council puld be against the Jection of the President as to be clected 1e would become a rival of ministers, This parliamentary system with ministerial responsibilty () Since the membership in the two Houses (The Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha) of parliament was likely to tbe dominated by one political party, election of the president merely by @ ‘majority of members of parliament could make him a nominee of the ruling party like the Prime Minister. Such a president ‘could not represent the constituent states of the Indian Union, ‘The composition of the electoral college ~ The President is elected indirectly by the ‘members of an electoral college consisting of (a) The elected members of both houses of parliament. (b) The elected members of the Legislative ‘Assemblies of the states including NCT ‘of Delhi and the Union Territories of Puducherry and Jammu and Kashmir.Ce \\\\ We, ‘The Union Executive— the Prime Minister [iene ie i * The Prime Minister isthe Head of Government and leader of the executive branch of the * Antcle 74 of the Constitution of India states that shall be a Couneil of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to ald and advise the President.” * He/She can be a member of any of the two houses of Pstiament (ihe Lok Sabha or the Rajya Seba), but has to be the leader ofthe politcal Dry. having « majority in the Lok Sabha, * The Prime Minister isthe seniar-most member ‘0 Cabinet in the executive branch of government in 4 parliamentary system, A Prine Minister must + be a citizen of India, * be a member of the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha, + be above 25 years of age if he/she isa member of Lok Sabha or above 20 years of | age if heishe is a member of the Raya Sabha, * not hold any office of profit, Under the Central or State Government. the majority party oF the coalition patties in the Lok Sabha, I +The rma tenreottte | Prime Miner to hol oes fv years + Ieissabjecto the exjomen: of confidence | the mi Pos ime Minister the ' Pivot Of the wh + Occupies 3 poston ov exctre = Desi ©%¢ptiona author + However, the Prime Minister upon his personality ity. ime Minister ole system of Government supremacy not du ent cy is not 'telvt0 the power which belongs to his office. Much dependsovernme sic policies OF ne jofence, econome domes gr subjects such 28 lene pin any states Ss President's rule any \a tong Answer Questions With eee Council of Minist \) Mention three importa the Prime Minister Council of Ministers and the Cabinet inthe Centra Executive? or State one point of diference between the Cabinet and the Council of Ministers with reference €0 thee responsibilities inthe Government. (0) (i) The Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. He chooses the ministers and allots pelos to them. The Prime Minister chooses and the President appoints the Council of Ministers. He ean change Portfolios and even remove ministers, ti meeting Minter acts as a link tween the Councilof Ministersand the — The President does not attend an altel meting Heisinformed of ri ean Cabinet decisions and (+) The Prime igs Prime Minister. oben othe coon el atl in ‘ment and informs the Patliament int functions MinisleT ae he cabinet me The Cabin’ atthe Indian Pa context, dis Ya) The formation ‘Any wo ada arco ints the Council of lof the Prime Minister. ant part of ters. The Prime Minister selects his trustworthy associates for the Cabinet. They are the high rank Ministers holding the charge of the most important portfolios. They are around 15-20 in number. ‘Administrative powers of the cabinet: “The policy of the government is framed by the Cabinet and implemented by the ministers. The Cabinet, acting as a coordinator, assures that all departments are working smoothly. ‘The President can proclaim national emergency, constitutional emergency and financial emergency only on the written advice of the cabinet, During emergency period real power and authority for the governance of state is vested in the hands of the central government which in effect means the Council of Ministers. ne President 2700 (> Fmerson the adie |. The makers of our Constitution adopted the Parliamentary form of Government. With reference to this, answer the following questions: (a) What is meant by the Collective and Individual Responsibility of the members of the Cabinet? (2015) Or the term ‘Collective-Responsibility’. 120131oO nat is understood by the (erm ‘Individual te im a Parliamentary xeesoe 2014} or What is meant by ‘Collective-Responsbility of the Cabinet? 2017) (8) Explain briefly the postion and powers ofthe Prime Minister in relation to the Cabinet, oisi (©). Distinguish between the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet. (2019) (@) (The principle of collective respon- sibility of the members of the Cabinet implies the following things: + They are collectively responsible to the Lok sabha, + If a vote of No-confidence is passed against the government or even a single Minister in the Lok Sabha, then all the Ministers have to resign. Thus, they stand and fall together. Decisions are taken collectively in the cabinet'smeetings. All Ministers jointly share the responsibility for the government's policies and therefore defend it both within and outside the Parliament. (a) The principle of individual respon- sibility of the members of the Cabinet implies: + They are individually responsible to the President * Each member is responsible for the success or failures of his department, * Each Minister is answerable to the Parliament regarding the working of his department. (6) Position and powers of the Prime Minister in relation to the Cabinet (O The Prime Minister is the head of the Cabinetand presides veritsmeetings. (@ He can remove any Minister from the Cabinet (tit) He can reallocate portfolios, (0) He can call the meetings of Cabinet at any time. () All major decisions i are taken uncer irection of the Pr in the Cabinet the supervision and rime Minister. (0) Difference betwee Council of Miniter large body consisting of 60 70 ministers, + Iemeets occasional y. * Ministers of State| « and Deputy Minis- ters do not attend the Cabinet mect-| gS. * Ministers of State ‘may or may not be | * given independent charge of a depart- ‘ment. Deputy Minis- tershelp the Cabinet 21. ‘The Union Executive which consists of the re dent, Prime Minister and the Council ot is a powerful body in a parliamentary In this context, answer the folowing questing @) State the position of the Prime Mii And state any two of his powers in lata the President, a (©) Mention the three categories of Minister order of their rank and status. or Mention the different cat Ministers in the Union Council of Minise twa Mention any four legislative powers oft Cabinet. an Or Write any four functions of the Cabinet. 29 Or Mention any two legislative pow” of the Cabinet, 0 The Prime Minister is the head of government and enjoys a very strong positioe He leads the whole nation and works fort development of the country. He conPromrpourstioxs ORR (©) The Pime Miniter @D munipte choice vestions WH am. (TH Sener 1. The Prime Minister must be a member af: (a) Vidhan Sabha (H) Vidhan Parishad or Zila Parishad (6) Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha () Raya Saba © The Prime Minister isthe leader of the: (@) Vidhan Sabha (®) Lok Sabha (©) Vidhan Parishad (d) Rajya Sabha Ams. (b) ne Minister is appointed by The Chief Justice of India () The Chief Justice of any High Court (©) The Vice President of India (4) The President of India w 1. The tenure ofthe Prime Minister is subject to the enjoyment of the confidence ofthe majority inthe (@) Vidhan Sabha (®) Vidhan Parishad (©) Rajya Sabha (@) Lok Sabha (a) Who chooses the members of the Council of Ministers? (a) The Speaker (©) The President (6) The Governor (a) The Prime Minister w ‘The President appoints the Council of Ministers (00 the advise of the, (@) Speaker (0) Vice President (©) Prime Minister (d) Chief Justice of ; India ) The Prime Minise Frime Minister can hold his Position as long () MinistersofState (@) President Who ean mini MM oF reallocate Pontfoliog (a) ) among. The President The Vice Preside Ans. (d) GM short answer Questions im (e) The Prime Minister for taking important decison consult the whole Councilor (@) The Cabiner ini (©) President Spent’ . The the Lok Sabha (@) President ©) Vice Presiden consuts the whi “= * Comidered 10 the ay, ©) Speater (4) Prine Mia, \e 11. Who does the President normally appig Prime Minister? i, n Ans, The President normally appoints the lee the majority partyin the Lok Sabha athe het Minister. Iris only when there is no clear Party in the Lok Sabha, that the President oc, his discretionary powers, appoints penon vist feels can get the support of other pats pas ‘majority in the Lok Sabha, 12. Mention the way by which authority of the rie ‘Minister can be checked? omg Ans, The Prime Minister can hold his position» {ong as he has the support of the Lok Sabla No-Confidence in the Government is moved by the opposition. If the Motion is passed the Government under th leadership of Prime Minis has (0 resign, 13. What happens to the ruling government when» ‘ote of No-confidence is passed against it? Or What happens if a Vote of No-Confidence is Passed against a Minister in the Lok pod (201 ‘Ans. The Council of Ministers collectively responsible {othe Lok Sabha, They collectively sink or swim. ft voteof lence is passed against one Minis, the whole Council of Ministers has to resign. {nother words, if No-confidence vote is pased ‘against the tuling party, the Prime Minister along with the Council of Ministers has to resign.eis xy may Oh as or Ministre’: di int charee ee: & Cabinet sap covsmson IT) ast eel ose e Parliamem are Prime Mini an U0. th ‘ance Minister, pes of the Cabinet- 's Ordinances Tones shown in the given pictures (a) Identify te personal () How is he appointed? (c) What is his tenure? () Between whom he acts a8 2 Tink? How? the Prime Minister of India since 2014. (a) The personaly in the pictur is M Te pena ie piri Narendra Modi. He Prime Minister i (9 Hater isine ee ) He acts asa link be! alink between the Presi Hes sli resident and the Council of Ministers, conveys th eys the decisions of the Cabi inet