Report on Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Ishita Nikhil Shah

III MPCL A

Roll no.2337423

Department of Psychology CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Bangalore

MPS352 - Psychodiagnostic Lab - II

Dr. Maryanne Pais Ma’am

7 September, 2024
 Report on Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a well-known projective test, in which it

asks participants to describe unclear scenes to reveal more about their motivations, feelings,

and personalities. Often referred to as the "picture interpretation technique," it was created in

the 1930s at Harvard University by American psychologists Christina D. Morgan and Henry

A. Murray (Morgan & Murray, 1935). It is one of the most extensively studied and

professionally applied personality tests.

History & Development of Test

During the 1930s, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was developed by American

scientist Henry Murray and lay psychotherapist Christiana Morgan at Harvard University.

The idea originated when Cecilia Roberts, one of Murray's students, was fascinated by her

son's stories during his illness and questioned whether pictures could reveal hidden traits of

one's personality (Murray, 1972; Morgan, 2002). Unhappy with the existing tests, Murray

decided to create a tool that would use stories related to complex images to uncover personal

motivations and experiences. Murray and Morgan made improvements to the test over three

rounds before deciding on Series D, which remains in use to this day. Murray's study of the

TAT was influenced by his findings of individuals projecting their own self-perceptions onto

images in Herman Melville's Moby Dick (McClelland, 1958; Vincent, 1980).

Psychometric Properties of the TAT

The psychometric properties of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) uses narrative

about confusing visuals to uncover subconscious aspects. Yet, doubts exist about the accuracy

and consistency of TAT assessments because of its subjective nature and absence of

standardization. Although response patterns can suggest psychological traits, definite

diagnoses for specific disorders are not always possible. The TAT is mainly used to explore

numerous issues in the initial stages of treatment. Critics argue that traditional measures of
internal consistency are not applicable as each card presents a unique situation (Cramer,

1999).

Some scholars, like Lilienfeld et al. (2000), question the reliability of inter-rater and

test-retest, along with response scoring, according to Murstein (1963). Gruber and

Kreuzpointner (2013) introduced a new method of measuring internal consistency through

the use of categories, leading to better Cronbach's alpha scores of up to .84. Even so, Jenkins

(2008) argues that the TAT's accuracy relies on specific scenarios and it is not an effective

tool for making clinical decisions, resulting in its limited overall validity.

Applications of the TAT

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is widely applied in thematic analysis across

various fields of psychology. It serves as a valuable tool for uncovering latent themes in

individuals' narratives, exploring personality traits, and examining cognitive processes

through story construction. Researchers utilize the TAT in cross-cultural studies,

developmental psychology, and organizational settings to investigate themes related to

motivation, interpersonal dynamics, and cultural differences. In clinical practice, thematic

analysis of TAT responses aids in identifying patterns associated with psychological

disorders. The test's versatility also extends to creative writing research, where it provides

insights into spontaneous storytelling and the creative process.

 Test Report

Name: SS

Age: 22

D. O. B.:

Gender: Female

Education: Master’s Degree

Referred By: Self

Presenting Concern: None

Test Administered: The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Purpose of Testing: To explore and understand her fundamental ideas, emotions, and social

dynamics in a manner that corresponds to her present emotional condition and mental

processes.

Behavioral Observations: The client took her time to provide narratives and was willing and

interested in the process. She did pause in between but was interested throughout the test and

providing responses.

Test Results

(These are the comprehensive narrations made by the client for each of the cards. The

appendices are attached at the end to be the verbatims made by the client.)

Table 1

Showing the Results of the Patient of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Card 1

Card No. 1 (“Achievement” Card)

A young boy is sitting on a

Main themes Descriptive level stage with a sitar, looking at

it thoughtfully.
 The boy appears to be

contemplating his music and

preparing for a performance.

Interpretive level
He may be reflecting on his

practice and thinking about

how to improve his skills.

The story suggests themes of

self-reflection, preparation,

and ambition in the context

Diagnostic level
of a musical performance,

possibly highlighting anxiety

about upcoming events.

Age: Early adolescent Sex: MALE

Vocation: Aspiring musician, potentially from a family of

singers.

Interests: Music, particularly playing the sitar.Improving vocal

skills and overall musical performance.

Main hero Traits: Thoughtful and introspective.Ambitious, focused on self-

improvement

Abilities: Musical talent, Ability to self-reflect

Body image/self image: Likely has a positive self-image as

someone capable of growth and improvement but might be

critical of his current skill level.

Behavioural needs: Needs to practice regularly and improve his

Main needs skills; desire to perform well in the next big event.

Figures, objects or circumstances introduced: Musical instrument

 (sitar), stage, concept of a performance.

Figures, objects or circumstances omitted : No mention of other

people, mentors, or family members directly interacting with the

boy.

The environment is seen as a place of practice and

Conception of environment
preparation, likely quiet and introspective.

Parental figures and hero’s reaction: Implied through the

mention of a family of singers, but no direct interaction

Figures described.

Contemporary figures and hero’s reaction: None mentioned.

Junior figures and hero’s reaction: None mentioned.

Nature of anxiety: Potential anxiety about performance,

Significant conflict
self-improvement, and meeting expectations.

Physical harm/punishment: None

Illness and injury: None

Disapproval: Implied concern about not performing well or

not meeting expectations, possibly from family or self.

Deprivation: None

Lack/loss of love: None

Nature of anxiety
Being devoured: None

Being deserted: None

Being overpowered or helpless: Possibly a feeling of being

overwhelmed by the need to improve and perform well.

Others: Performance anxiety, fear of not meeting personal

or external expectations.
 Main Defense None

Punishment is: Not explicitly mentioned, but there is a

suggestion of self-imposed pressure to improve.

Immediate/Delayed: Could be both, as the boy is preparing

for an upcoming event.

Severity of the Super ego
Just/Unjust: Likely perceived as just; the boy understands

the need to practice.

Severe/Lenient: Could be moderately severe due to the

pressure of performance.

Adequacy of the hero: The boy seems to have an adequate

sense of self but is anxious about his performance.

Outcome: The outcome is undetermined but suggests a

realistic view of preparation and practice.

Solution: Adequate, as the boy is actively thinking about

improving.

Thought process as revealed by the plot:

Structured: Yes, focused on specific improvements.

Integration of the Ego
Stereotyped: No, appears original.

Appropriate: Yes, relevant to the situation.

Rational: Yes, thinking about practical steps for

improvement.

Complete: Incomplete, as the performance outcome is not

known.

Intelligence:

Above average/average: The boy is thoughtful and focused

 on improvement, suggesting average to above-average

intelligence.

Table 2

Showing the Results of the Patient of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Card 2

Card No. 2 (“How the Individual Relates to Others” Card)

A village scene with women

performing household chores, men

Descriptive level
working in the fields, and a young

boy fishing by the pond

Traditional gender roles are

depicted, with women managing

domestic tasks and men working

Interpretive level
outdoors. The story conveys

Main themes themes of poverty, community, and

a search for work.

A division of labor along gender

lines, possibly highlighting

economic struggles and social

Diagnostic level interaction within the village.

Family unit portrayed (man in

field, woman cleaning grains, child

fishing)

Main hero Could be interpreted as the woman leaving with her child
 Sex: Female figure

Vocation: Possibly a mother, potentially seeking work

Interests: Survival and providing for family

Traits: Determined (leaving for potentially better opportunities),

Responsible (caring for child)

Behavioural needs: Economic stability, better opportunities

Figures, objects or circumstances introduced: Woman leaving with

Main needs
child, other villagers engaged in daily activities

Figures, objects or circumstances omitted: None

Conception of The environment is seen as challenging due to limited

environment opportunities and traditional due to gender roles portrayed.

Parental figures: Woman with child, man in field

Figures Contemporary figures: Other women in the village

Junior figures: Child with woman, boy fishing.

Economic hardship vs. desire for better life

Significant conflict Nature of anxiety: Deprivation (economic hardship)

Lack/loss of love (potentially leaving familiar surroundings)

Physical harm/punishment: None

Illness and injury: None

Disapproval: None

Deprivation: The women is deprived of work and is poor

Nature of anxiety
Lack/loss of love: None

Being devoured: None

Being deserted: None

Being overpowered or helpless: The women is helpless as she

 doesn’t have enough money to provide for her child.

Others: none

Rationalization: Potentially present in the interpretation of the

woman leaving. The client might be rationalizing her departure

as a search for work, masking potential deeper emotional

conflicts.

Main Defense Isolation: Possibly present in the description of daily activities

without mention of the emotional impact of poverty or

separation.

Introjection: Possibly present in the adherence to traditional

gender roles, suggesting internalization of societal norms.

Severity of the Super ego Punishment is: Not explicitly addressed

Adequacy of the hero: Moderate (taking action to improve

situation)

Outcome: Uncertain, potentially realistic

Solution: Potentially adequate (seeking better opportunities)

Thought process as revealed by the plot:

Structured: The story appears structured, describing scenes

Integration of the Ego with related events and character.

Appropriate: Yes, it seems appropriate

Rational: The story is rational, describing typical rural activities

and plausible motivations

Complete: The story appears complete, describing various

characters and their activities.

Intelligence: Average to above average

Table 3

Showing the Patient's Results of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Card 3 (F.G.)

Card No. 3 (“Achievement” Card)

A mother is sitting with her child on her

Descriptive
lap, wearing a white saree. She is looking
level
at someone while keeping her child close.

The mother seems to be consoling her

young daughter. There's sadness in the

Interpretive
mother's eyes, possibly due to a recent loss
level
in the family. The child, being very young,

Main themes might not understand the situation fully.

The mother's behavior might indicate a

healthy attachment style, as she's

providing comfort and protection to her

Diagnostic
child even while dealing with her own
level
emotions. The situation might be assessing

the individual's ability to balance personal

needs with caregiving responsibilities.

Main hero: MOTHER Sex: Female

Vocation: possibly a widow, has lost a loved one.

Interests: protecting and comforting her child.

Main hero Traits: being protective, nurturing, and resilient in the face of

grief

Abilities: caring for her child while managing personal loss.

Body image/self image: The white saree suggests a body image

 or self-image associated with mourning and loss.

Behavioural needs: emotional support, protection of her child,

and coping with loss. behavioral needs to seek consolation from

others and to provide comfort to her child.

Main needs Figures, objects or circumstances introduced: possibility of

deceased family member

Figures, objects or circumstances omitted : while omitting

presence of father figure in the immediate scene.

The environment is conceived as both supportive (as

Conception of environment evidenced by the social visit) and challenging (due to the

apparent loss).

Parental figures and hero’s reaction: the mother as the

parental figure shows a protective and nurturing reaction to

her child.
Figures
Contemporary figures and hero’s reaction: None mentioned.

Junior figures and hero’s reaction: Daughter is seen as the

junior figure, is being held close and protected.

Nature of anxiety: The nature of anxiety primarily revolves

Significant conflict around the loss of a loved one, concern for the child's well-

being, and uncertainty about the future.

Lack/loss of love: death of a loved one

Nature of anxiety Being overpowered or helpless: Possibly a feeling of

sadness due to loss of loved one

Regression (seeking comfort from others) and

Main Defense
compensation (focusing on the child's needs despite
 personal grief).

Severity of the Super ego Not explicitly mentioned

Adequacy of the hero: the mother shows moderate

adequacy, attempting to cope with loss while caring for her

child

Outcome: uncertain but potentially hopeful as the mother is

seeking support.

Solution: protecting the child and seeking social support

appears adequate given the circumstances..

Integration of the Ego
Thought process as revealed by the plot:

The thought process revealed by the plot is structured,

appropriate, rational, and complete, suggesting good

cognitive functioning.

Intelligence:

suggesting average to above-average intelligence.

Table 4

Showing the Results of the Patient of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Card 4

Card No. 4 (Attitude Towards Male and Female Relationship)

we see an older man, estimated to be in his

Descriptive 40s, and a much younger woman, possibly

Main themes
level in her 20s. The man appears dominating,

while the woman shows signs of fear and

 submission. She has her head bowed down

and is not making eye contact with the

man.

Interpreting this scene, we can infer a

recently established marriage with a

significant age gap. The man's dominance

and the woman's fearful response suggest

Interpretive
an unequal power dynamic. The narrative
level
introduces the possibility of the husband

scolding his wife over dowry issues,

reflecting cultural practices seen in some

societies or depicted in media.

this narrative could indicate themes of

patriarchal dominance, internalized gender

roles, and the psychological impact of age

Diagnostic
and power disparities in relationships. It
level
might also reveal the storyteller's

perceptions or experiences of marital

dynamics and gender expectations.

Main hero: Young women Sex: Female Age: Early 20’s

Vocation: The woman is described as being in her 20s, recently

married, and exhibiting submissive behavior.

Main hero
Traits: fearfulness and compliance, possibly stemming from her

upbringing.

The man, while not the main hero, is a significant figure

 described as domineering and possibly dissatisfied with the

marriage arrangement.

Behavioural needs: man's desire for control and possibly

financial gain (through dowry), and the woman's need for safety

and acceptance.

Main needs Figures, objects or circumstances introduced: introduces the

concept of dowry and societal expectations in marriage

Figures, objects or circumstances omitted: omitting any signs of

affection or equality in the relationship.

The environment is conceived as threatening and oppressive

Conception of environment
for the woman.

Parental figures and hero’s reaction: the man represents an

authoritative, possibly parental figure to whom the woman

Figures reacts with fear and submission.

Contemporary figures and hero’s reaction: None mentioned.

Junior figures and hero’s reaction: None mentioned.

Conflict between societal/marital expectations and personal

Significant conflict well-being, as well as between dominance and submission

in the relationship.

The nature of anxiety primarily revolves around fear of the

Nature of anxiety husband, uncertainty in the new marriage, and possibly fear

of not meeting societal or familial expectations.

The main defense mechanism evident for the woman is

Main Defense submission, which could be seen as a form of regression to

childhood behaviors in the face of authority. The man's

 aggression could be interpreted as a defense against feelings

of insecurity or inadequacy

The severity of the superego appears quite strong,

especially for the woman, as she seems to have internalized

Severity of the Super ego
societal norms that require her submission even in the face

of unfair treatment.

Adequacy of the hero: the woman shows low adequacy,

unable to assert herself or protect her interests.

Outcome: unhappy and potentially harmful for the woman

Solution: omplete submission seems inadequate for a

healthy relationship but may be seen as necessary for

survival in this context.

Integration of the Ego Thought process as revealed by the plot:

The thought process revealed by the plot is structured and

complete, showing an understanding of complex social

dynamics. However, it also reveals potential biases or

personal experiences influencing the interpretation of male-

female relationships.

Intelligence: average intelligence.

Table 5

Showing the Results of the Patient of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Card 5

Card No. 5 (“Aggression, Hostile Relationship” Card)

Descriptive we see a boy strangling his mother's neck.

Main themes
level The scene suggests a violent confrontation
 between the two, with the boy taking an

aggressive, physical stance against his

parent.

we can infer a deeply troubled relationship

between mother and son. The narrative

suggests a history of conflict ("they

already had a tiff between them and didn't

get along"). The boy's extreme reaction is

attributed to possible substance abuse,

Interpretive
specifically drug use, which might have
level
lowered his inhibitions and ability to

control his anger. The storyteller also

introduces the possibility that this behavior

is learned, having been observed in

interactions between the father and

mother.

this narrative could indicate several serious

psychological issues:

• Severe family dysfunction and

Diagnostic
breakdown of normal parent-child
level
boundaries

• Possible conduct disorder or

antisocial tendencies in the boy

• Substance abuse problems

 • Intergenerational trauma and learned

violent behavior

• Anger management issues

Main hero: Boy Sex: Male

Vocation: His age is not specified, but he's old enough to

potentially be using drugs

Traits: aggression, poor impulse control, and possibly substance

Main hero
dependence.

The mother, while a victim in this scene, is also a significant

figure. Her traits are not clearly defined, but there's an

implication of a strained relationship with her son

Behavioural needs: need for control or expression of anger, and

possibly an underlying need for attention or help. Figures, objects

or circumstances introduced: introduces concepts of substance

Main needs
abuse and domestic violence.

Figures, objects or circumstances omitted: omitting any signs of

positive family interactions or coping mechanisms.

The environment is conceived as hostile and potentially

Conception of environment
dangerous.

Parental figures and hero’s reaction: the mother represents a

parental figure towards whom the boy reacts with extreme

Figures hostility.

The absent father is mentioned as a negative role model.

There are no other figures mentioned.

conflict appears to be between the boy and his mother,

Significant conflict
possibly representing a larger conflict between the child and
 authority or family expectations.

The nature of anxiety primarily revolves around anger, loss

Nature of anxiety of control, and possibly fear or resentment towards parental

figures.

The main defense mechanism evident for the boy is acting

out, using physical violence to express emotions or needs

Main Defense he can't articulate. Regression to more primitive, violent

behavior is also evident, possibly exacerbated by substance

use.

The severity of the superego appears weak in the boy, as

he's unable to control his violent impulses. However, the

Severity of the Super ego mention of drug use suggests he might have some

awareness that his behavior is wrong, using substances to

override his inhibitions.

Adequacy of the hero: the woman shows low adequacy,

unable to manage his emotions or interact appropriately

with his mother

Outcome: highly negative and potentially dangerous.

Solution: The solution of violence is clearly inadequate and

Integration of the Ego harmful.

Thought process as revealed by the plot:

The thought process revealed is somewhat structured but

shows elements of impulsivity and lack of consequence

consideration. It reveals an understanding of complex

family dynamics and the impact of learned behavior, but

 also suggests possible normalization of violence.

Intelligence: low intelligence.

Table 6

Showing the Results of the Patient of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Card 6

Card No.
6 (“Imagination” Card)
we see a lake or backwater area

surrounded by trees. There's a small boat

floating, tied to a pole. The weather is

Descriptive described as pleasant and calm, with fresh

level air and the sound of birds chirping. The

narrative introduces elements not directly

visible in the image, such as a small house,

fishing nets, and a barbecue grill.

we can infer a lifestyle closely connected

Main themes to nature. The storyteller imagines a small

tribal community living near the lake,

Interpretive using the boat for transportation and

level fishing. The narrative suggests a simple,

self-sufficient way of life where people

work directly with nature to meet their

basic needs for food and shelter.

This narrative could indicate several

Diagnostic
psychological themes: Appreciation for
level
nature and simple living, romanticization
 of tribal or rural lifestyles, possible desire

for escape from complexity or modern

stresses. ability to imagine and elaborate

on a scene.

Main hero: Community imagined to live near the lake.

Main hero Traits: self-sufficiency, harmony with nature, and simple living.

Abilities: practical skills like fishing and navigation.

The main needs evident in the story are basic survival needs -

food and shelter. These are portrayed as being met through direct

interaction with the natural environment. Behaviorally, this

manifests as fishing, transportation of goods, and food

Main needs preparation (grilling).

Figures, objects or circumstances introduced: introduces concepts

of tribal community living and subsistence lifestyles

Figures, objects or circumstances omitted: omitting any mention

of modern conveniences or technologies

The environment is conceived as nurturing and abundant,

Conception of environment
providing all that is needed for survival.

There are no specific individuals mentioned, but rather a

Figures general sense of a harmonious community. There's an

implication of family units living and working together.

The significant conflict, if any, appears to be between

Significant conflict human needs and natural resources, but this is portrayed as

being in balance.

The nature of anxiety is notably absent from this peaceful

Nature of anxiety
scene, suggesting a possible idealization of this lifestyle.
 Defense mechanisms are not prominently displayed in this

narrative. If anything, there might be a mild form of

Main Defense
idealization of the simple life, which could be seen as a

defense against anxieties about modern complexities.

The severity of the superego doesn't play a significant role

in this narrative, as there are no moral dilemmas or rules

Severity of the Super ego
being navigated. The focus is on harmonious living within

nature's bounds.

Adequacy of the hero: the imagined community shows high

adequacy, successfully meeting their needs through

interaction with their environment

Outcome: positive and sustainable.

Solution: The solution of living in harmony with nature is

presented as adequate and fulfilling

Integration of the Ego Thought process as revealed by the plot:

The thought process revealed by the plot is structured and

shows good imaginative capacity. The client demonstrates

an ability to extrapolate from the visual cues provided,

creating a coherent and detailed scenario. This suggests

good cognitive functioning and creative thinking.

Intelligence: average to above- average intelligence.

Table 7

Showing the Results of the Patient of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Card 7
 Card No. 7 (“Male-Female Intimacy/Emotional Closeness/Female Peer
Relationships/Envy/Sibling Rivalry/Competitiveness” Card)
We see a man forcibly holding a woman,

described as his employee. Another

Descriptive
woman, identified as the man's wife, is
level
observing the scene through a window.

The setting is an office environment.

We can infer a situation of workplace

sexual harassment, with the male boss

abusing his power over a female

employee. The wife's unexpected arrival

Interpretive and observation of the scene add an

level element of discovery and potential

Main themes
intervention. The narrative suggests a

complex dynamic involving abuse of

power, betrayal of marital trust, and

ultimately, female solidarity.

this narrative could indicate several

psychological themes: Awareness of and

concern about workplace sexual

Diagnostic
harassment, Perceptions of male abuse of
level
power, views on marital fidelity and

betrayal, beliefs about female solidarity

and intervention in abusive situations

The main "heroes" in this story are the harassed woman and the
Main hero
wife who intervenes. The man is cast as the antagonist. The
 harassed woman is portrayed as resistant but vulnerable, while

the wife transitions from an observer to an active intervener. The

man is characterized by his abusive and coercive behavior.

The main needs evident in the story are safety and justice for the

harassed woman, and possibly a need for truth and fidelity for the

wife. For the man, there's a destructive need for power and sexual

gratification. Behaviorally, these manifest as resistance and

Main needs
pleading from the harassed woman, observation and intervention

from the wife, and abusive actions from the man.

Figures, objects or circumstances introduced: introduces concepts

of workplace harassment, blackmail, and marital infidelity.

The environment is conceived as threatening and unsafe,

Conception of environment
particularly for women in the workplace.

There are no specific individuals mentioned, but rather a

Figures general sense of a harmonious community. There's an

implication of family units living and working together.

The significant conflicts are between the abuser and the

Significant conflict victim, between professional power and personal rights, and

between marital expectations and actual behavior

The nature of anxiety revolves around fear of sexual

Nature of anxiety
assault, career jeopardy, and marital betrayal.

The main defense mechanism evident for the harassed

woman is pleading and resistance. The wife's intervention

Main Defense
could be seen as a form of reaction formation, turning the

pain of betrayal into protective action.

Severity of the Super ego The severity of the superego is notably present in the
 narrative's moral stance against the man's behavior and in

the wife's decision to intervene.

Adequacy of the hero: the harassed woman shows moderate

adequacy in her resistance, while the wife demonstrates

high adequacy in her intervention.

Outcome: The outcome appears potentially positive due to

the wife's intervention.

Solution: The solution of female solidarity against abuse is

presented as adequate and moral.

Integration of the Ego Thought process as revealed by the plot:

The thought process revealed by the plot is structured and

shows an understanding of complex power dynamics and

moral issues. The client demonstrates an ability to create a

multi-character scenario with a clear narrative arc,

suggesting good cognitive functioning and awareness of

social issues.

Intelligence: average to above- average intelligence.

Table 8

Showing the Results of the Patient of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Card 7
(Additional)

7 Additional (“Male-Female Intimacy/Emotional

Card No.
Closeness/Female Peer Relationships/Envy/Sibling
Rivalry/Competitiveness” Card)
A husband is ending his marriage due to
Descriptive
Main themes an affair. The wife is pleading to stay
level
together, concerned about the children's
 future and her own loneliness. Their

daughter is secretly observing the conflict.

The scenario reveals themes of marital

Interpretive breakdown, the impact of infidelity on

level family dynamics, and the emotional toll on

all family members, especially children.

The narrative suggests significant

emotional distress, anxiety over the future,

Diagnostic
fear of loneliness, and the psychological
level
impact of infidelity on both the wife and

daughter.

Age: Adults (husband and wife)

Sex: Male (husband) and female (wife).

Vocation: Not specified, but the focus is on the emotional and

relational roles within the family.

Interests:

The wife: Saving the marriage, protecting her children, avoiding

loneliness.

Main hero The husband: Pursuing his affair, ending the current marriage.

Traits: The wife is desperate, emotionally dependent, afraid of

loneliness and uncertainty. The husband is etached, indifferent to

the wife's pleas, focused on his affair. Abilities: The wife’s

emotional resilience is low; she appears unable to confront the

situation with strength or assertiveness.

The husband is emotionally detached, focused on his own desires

and rejecting responsibility.

 Body Image/Self-Image: The wife feels inadequate and

desperate, fearful of rejection and abandonment. The husband

sees himself as entitled to pursue his own happiness, even at the

cost of his family.

Behavioral needs: The wife needs emotional security, stability,

and to keep her family together. The husband wants freedom

from the current relationship, prioritizing his affair.

Figures, objects or circumstances introduced: Husband, wife,

daughter, the presence of another woman (the affair), emotional

Main needs
conflict.

Figures, Objects, or Circumstances Omitted: No explicit mention

of other family members or friends to provide emotional support

or intervene.

The environment is highly emotional and conflicted, with a

Conception of environment sense of loss, betrayal, and instability within the family

unit.

Parental figures and hero’s reaction: The wife (a parental

figure) is in a state of emotional despair. The husband

(another parental figure) is rejecting the family, focusing on

his own needs.

Figures Contemporary figures and hero’s reaction: The wife's

reaction to her husband is one of desperation and pleading.

Junior figures and hero’s reaction: The daughter, as the

junior figure, is silently witnessing the argument, which

could have a lasting emotional impact on her.

Significant conflict The significant conflicts are marital discord, fidelity,

 emotional impact on daughter.

Nature of anxiety: Fear of abandonment (the wife and

daughter), loneliness, and concern for the children's future

after the potential breakup.

Disapproval: The husband disapproves of continuing the

marriage, while the wife disapproves of the affair.

Deprivation: The wife faces deprivation of emotional

support, security, and stability.

Lack/Loss of Love: Central to the story, as the husband

expresses a lack of love for his wife and prioritizes his

Nature of anxiety affair.

Being Devoured: The wife is emotionally consumed by fear and

desperation, while the daughter may feel emotionally

overwhelmed by the situation.

Being Deserted: The husband plans to desert the wife, leading to

her fear and anxiety about the future.

Being Overpowered or Helpless: The wife feels overpowered by

the situation, with no control over her husband's decision to

leave.

Others: Infidelity, emotional betrayal, fear of loneliness,

and the impact on the child.

Rationalisation: The husband may rationalize his affair as a

means of pursuing personal happiness.

Main Defense Isolation: The wife may isolate herself emotionally from

others due to the shame and fear of the situation.

Delayed response: The wife’s emotional response is

 immediate, pleading and desperate.

Punishment is: The wife feels an emotional punishment of

rejection.

Immediate/Delayed: Immediate, as the husband is asking her to

leave.
Severity of the Super ego
Just/Unjust: Likely perceived as unjust by the wife, as she wants

to preserve the relationship for her children's sake.

Severe/Lenient: Severe, as the husband's decision to leave

seems final and emotionally devastating.

Adequacy of the hero: The wife struggles with emotional

adequacy, feeling powerless and desperate.

Outcome: Unhappy; the wife is left in emotional turmoil,

and the family is at risk of breaking apart.

Solution: Inadequate, as the wife’s pleas seem ineffective,

and the husband is set on leaving.

Thought process as revealed by the plot:

Structured: Yes, the conflict is clearly defined, focusing on the

Integration of the Ego
relationship and family dynamics.

Stereotyped: Yes, typical of marital conflicts involving infidelity

and abandonment.

Appropriate: Yes, considering the emotional nature of the

situation.

Rational: The emotions involved are understandable given the

circumstances, though the husband’s rationale for abandoning his

family might be questioned.

Complete: Incomplete, as the outcome of the situation is not

 provided.

Intelligence: average intelligence.

The wife’s emotional response is natural, but her ability to

think rationally is clouded by fear.

Table 9

Showing the Results of the Patient of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Card 8

Card No.
8 (“Loneliness/Fear/Darkness/Uncertainty”Card)
A woman, injured and exhausted, is

running from goons in a dense jungle. She

Descriptive
stumbles upon an ancient temple of
level
Goddess Kali and prays for protection in

the dark, isolated environment.

The story reflects deep fear, danger, and a

sense of helplessness as the woman seeks

Interpretive refuge in a sacred space. The temple

Main themes level represents both protection and mystery,

symbolizing her hope for divine

intervention.

Themes of fear, desperation, and seeking

refuge in spirituality or higher powers are

Diagnostic present. The narrative also highlights

level vulnerability, uncertainty, and the

emotional weight of being pursued by a

threat.
 Age: Adult woman.

Sex: Female.

Vocation: Not specified, but she is positioned as a victim fleeing

from danger.

Interests: Survival, escaping from danger, and finding safety.

Seeking divine intervention for protection in a time of crisis.

Traits: Fearful, desperate, and physically and emotionally

exhausted. Resourceful in finding a hiding place.

Main hero Spiritually inclined, placing her trust in the goddess for salvation.

Abilities: The ability to flee and hide, though she is physically

weakened and injured. Spiritual reliance, using prayer as a means

of coping with fear.

Body Image/Self-Image: The woman likely views herself as

vulnerable and powerless in the face of the threat, seeking

protection beyond her own capabilities.

Her injuries and physical exhaustion further diminish her sense

of control.

Behavioral needs: Immediate safety from the goons, healing from

her injuries, and emotional reassurance from the threat of danger.

Figures, Objects, or Circumstances Introduced: Dense jungle,

goons pursuing the woman, a temple of Goddess Kali, and

Main needs
darkness surrounding the scene.

Figures, Objects, or Circumstances Omitted: No mention of

potential allies or support figures who could intervene in her

situation.

The environment is perceived as dark, dangerous, and

Conception of environment
isolating, with the temple serving as a symbol of potential
 safety or divine intervention in an otherwise threatening

landscape.

Parental figures and hero’s reaction: None explicitly mentioned,

though the goddess is viewed as a protective, maternal figure.

Figures Contemporary figures and hero’s reaction: The goons represent a

threat, from whom the woman is running and hiding.

Junior figures and hero’s reaction: None mentioned.

Significant conflict The significant conflicts are fear and helpless

Nature of anxiety: Fear of being caught and harmed by the goons,

combined with the physical exhaustion and uncertainty of her

hiding place.

Physical Harm/Punishment: The woman is injured, indicating she

has already suffered physical harm.

Illness and Injury: The woman is physically injured and

weakened from running.

Deprivation: Deprived of safety, security, and physical well-

being, as she is running from danger.

Nature of anxiety
Being Devoured: she may feel devoured by fear and exhaustion

as she faces overwhelming danger.

Being Deserted: The woman is alone in her struggle, with no

apparent allies or help.

Being Overpowered or Helpless: A central theme, as she feels

helpless and overpowered by the threat of the goons, relying

solely on the goddess for protection.

Others: Fear of harm, spiritual dependence in times of

crisis, and the overwhelming uncertainty of her situation.

 Isolation: The woman is physically and emotionally isolated,

hiding in the temple from danger.

Regression: In her desperation, she regresses to a childlike state,

pleading for divine protection.

Main Defense
Introjection: She places her faith in the goddess to take control of

her fate.

Delayed response: Her reaction seems immediate, driven by

survival instinct and desperation.

Punishment is: The woman may feel punished by the

circumstances leading her to seek refuge in a temple, reflecting a

sense of karmic retribution or testing of her faith.

Immediate/Delayed: Immediate, as she is already injured and

Severity of the Super ego under threat.

Just/Unjust: Unjust, as she appears to be an innocent victim of an

attack.

Severe/Lenient: Severe, given the physical harm and fear

she is experiencing.

Adequacy of the hero: The woman struggles with feelings of

inadequacy and helplessness, as she is forced to rely on external

forces (the goddess) for protection.

Outcome: Uncertain, as the story leaves the resolution (whether

she is saved or caught) open-ended. The mood suggests fear and

Integration of the Ego
desperation.

Solution: Inadequate, as her only course of action is to hide and

pray, rather than confronting or escaping the danger.

Thought process as revealed by the plot:

Structured: Yes, the narrative follows a logical flow of events

 (running from danger, seeking refuge, praying for help).

Stereotyped: Yes, it reflects stereotypical themes of a victim

seeking divine intervention.

Appropriate: Yes, given the dire circumstances, her actions are

appropriate.

Rational: Yes, although the desperation leads her to rely heavily

on faith.

Complete: Incomplete, as the outcome of the situation is not

resolved.

Intelligence:

Average: The woman’s actions are driven by fear and

survival instinct, rather than strategic thinking.

Table 10

Showing the Results of the Patient of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Card 9

Card No. 9 (“Sexual Intimacy: Attitudes/Abuse/Revulsion/Aggression”

Card)
A scenario involving a masseur giving a
Descriptive
massage to a woman, where sexual
level
attraction and seduction are implied.

The narrative reflects themes of sexual

desire, attraction, and the woman's need

Main themes
Interpretive for intimacy. Both parties are drawn to

level each other, and the woman, recently

divorced, seeks physical and emotional

satisfaction

Diagnostic The story highlights potential ethical

 level concerns, desire for physical intimacy, and

the complex emotional landscape of

seeking pleasure and connection after a

period of emotional deprivation.

Age: Adult

Sex: Female.

Vocation: the woman seems to be in search of intimacy post-

divorce.

Interests: Physical and emotional intimacy, rekindling her sense

of sexual desire after a divorce

Main hero Traits: Emotionally vulnerable, craving physical touch and

intimacy, likely due to recent life changes (divorce).

Abilities: Ability to signal her interest and seduction, although

driven by emotional vulnerability.

Body Image/Self-Image: Likely sees herself as sexually desirable

and is attempting to regain her sense of self-worth through

physical intimacy.

Behavioral needs: Needs physical and emotional satisfaction,

likely as a way to cope with loneliness and recent emotional pain

from divorce.

Figures, Objects, or Circumstances Introduced: Massage setting,

Main needs
a man (masseur), seduction signals (e.g., pulling of the sheet, eye

contact).

Figures, Objects, or Circumstances Omitted: No mention of other

people

Conception of environment The setting is a massage space, meant for relaxation but
 now laden with tension and potential transgression.

Parental figures and hero’s reaction: None mentioned,

Contemporary figures and hero’s reaction: The man and

Figures woman are contemporaries, both feeling sexual attraction,

though the ethical boundary complicates their interaction

Junior figures and hero’s reaction: None mentioned.

The significant conflicts are unethical place for getting

Significant conflict
involve intimately, seeking validation due to recent divorce.

Nature of anxiety: The woman may be anxious about her sexual

desires and emotional vulnerability post-divorce. The man might

feel conflicted between his desire and professional ethics

Disapproval: Both characters may feel societal or internal

disapproval regarding their potential breach of ethical

boundaries in a professional setting

Deprivation: The woman is emotionally deprived of love

and physical intimacy, driving her actions.

Nature of anxiety Lack/Loss of Love: The woman is searching for emotional

and physical love after the dissolution of her marriage

Being Devoured: The woman’s loneliness and craving for

intimacy might be devouring her sense of self, leading to

desperation.

Being Deserted: The woman likely feels abandoned after her

divorce, and her actions are driven by a desire to reconnect with

someone.

Being Overpowered or Helpless: The woman may feel

 helpless in her search for love, resorting to seduction to

meet her emotional and physical needs.

Repression: The woman may be repressing the deeper

emotional pain of her divorce, channeling it into sexual

desire.

Rationalisation: Both may rationalize their actions as natural or a

way to satisfy unmet needs, despite the ethical implications.

Main Defense
Isolation: Emotional isolation is implied, as the woman craves

physical intimacy but may not be addressing her deeper

emotional wounds.

Regression: The woman may be regressing emotionally,

seeking comfort in physical pleasure.

Punishment is: Both characters may feel the weight of guilt or

shame for crossing ethical boundaries in a professional setting.

Immediate/Delayed: Likely immediate for the woman, as she

grapples with her loneliness. The man may experience delayed

guilt if he succumbs to his desires.

Severity of the Super ego
Just/Unjust: The woman’s feelings of deprivation are emotionally

justified, but the situation may lead to feelings of unjust

punishment if societal norms or professional ethics are broken.

Severe/Lenient: Moderate; the emotional and ethical

consequences could be significant.

Adequacy of the hero: The woman’s behavior reflects inadequacy

in dealing with her emotional needs in a healthy manner. The

Integration of the Ego
man may face a conflict between professional responsibility and

personal desire.
 Outcome: The story leans toward an unhappy or ethically

questionable outcome, as the woman's desperation may lead

to actions that result in guilt or shame.

Solution: Inadequate, as both characters are driven by desire

rather than considering the long-term consequences of their

actions.

Thought process as revealed by the plot:

Structured: Yes, the narrative follows a clear sequence of

attraction, seduction, and internal conflict.

Stereotyped: Somewhat, as it follows familiar themes of

seduction and sexual attraction in a professional setting.

Appropriate: Inappropriate, given the ethical boundaries being

crossed.

Rational: The characters’ thoughts are clouded by desire, making

their actions potentially irrational.

Complete: Incomplete, as the story leaves the outcome

unresolved

Intelligence: Average, Both characters are driven by

emotions and desire, but the ethical implications suggest a

lapse in judgment.

Table 11

Showing the Results of the Patient of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Card 10

Card No. 10 (“Interests, Personal Philosophical Beliefs, Wish Fulfillment”

Card)
Descriptive A woman is sitting on a bed, holding a
Main themes
level man’s hand, trying to pull him closer. She
 looks deeply into his eyes, wanting to

express her love and desire for intimacy.

However, the man seems disinterested or

emotionally distant. The scene feels

emotionally charged and one-sided.

The story highlights unrequited love,

desire for intimacy, and emotional

disconnect. The woman is yearning for

Interpretive closeness, but the man’s disinterest reflects

level a potential imbalance in the relationship.

The metaphor of being trapped behind the

door symbolizes feeling stuck or

unfulfilled in her relationship.

The narrative centers on emotional

vulnerability, the desire for connection,

Diagnostic and themes of rejection or unreciprocated

level feelings. It suggests frustration and

emotional isolation, despite the physical

presence of the man.

Age: Adult Woman

Sex: Female.

Vocation: she is portrayed as someone seeking emotional and

Main hero
physical fulfillment in her relationship.

Interests: emotional and physical closeness with the man. She

craves intimacy and love, hoping to deepen the connection

 between them.

Traits: Emotionally vulnerable, expressive, and needy for love

and affection. She is trapped in her feelings and desires more

closeness than the man is willing to give.

Abilities: Ability to express her emotions and vulnerability, but

she struggles to accept the imbalance in her relationship.

Body Image/Self-Image: She likely sees herself as loving and

emotionally giving, but feels rejected and trapped in her longing

for reciprocation. She might also perceive herself as dependent

on the man’s affection

Behavioral needs: Needs emotional validation, love, and physical

closeness, feeling unfulfilled in her current state.

Figures, Objects, or Circumstances Introduced: A door

Main needs
(representing emotional or physical boundaries), a window

(perhaps symbolizing transparency or escape), a bed (suggesting

intimacy), and the man and woman.

Figures, Objects, or Circumstances Omitted: No mention

The environment is intimate but emotionally disconnected,

as the woman is physically close but emotionally distant

Conception of environment
from the man. The door symbolizes being trapped in the

relationship, and the window could suggest a distant hope

or way out.

Figures
Parental figures and hero’s reaction: None indicated, but the
 woman’s need for love and validation might reflect deeper

emotional dependency.

Contemporary figures and hero’s reaction: The man and woman

are contemporaries, but the woman’s emotional needs are not

matched by the man.

Junior figures and hero’s reaction: None mentioned.

The significant conflicts are need for love, one sided love,
Significant conflict
lack of intimacy and fear of abandonment.

Nature of anxiety: The woman is anxious about the lack of

emotional reciprocation and intimacy from the man. She

fears being emotionally and physically rejected, while still

trapped in her longing for love.

Disapproval: The woman might feel a sense of self-

disapproval for needing so much from the man, who

appears unwilling to reciprocate.

Nature of anxiety Deprivation: The woman is deprived of the emotional

closeness she craves. Despite her efforts, the man does not

meet her emotional or physical needs.

Lack/Loss of Love: The woman is seeking love, but the

man’s emotional detachment implies a lack or loss of love

in the relationship.

Being Devoured: The woman’s need for love and intimacy

might be overwhelming her sense of self, making her feel

consumed by her longing for the man’s affection.

 Being Deserted: Implied, as the man’s emotional distance

suggests that he may abandon her emotionally, if not physically.

Being Overpowered or Helpless: The woman feels

emotionally helpless, unable to make the man reciprocate

her feelings or engage in the intimacy she desires.

Others: Emotional rejection, longing for intimacy,

unfulfilled desires, and being trapped in an emotionally

distant relationship.

Repression: The woman might repress the reality of the man’s

emotional distance, clinging to hope that he will eventually

reciprocate her love.

Rationalisation: The woman may rationalize her longing by

believing that the man will eventually come around and show her
Main Defense
affection.

Isolation: The woman feels isolated emotionally despite being

physically close to the man.

Regression: Her emotional state may regress to

dependency, as she clings to the man’s presence for

emotional validation.

Punishment is: The woman may feel emotionally punished by the

rejection and disinterest from the man, despite her efforts to

engage him.
Severity of the Super ego
Immediate/Delayed: Immediate, as the man’s emotional distance

is clear in the moment.

Just/Unjust: Likely perceived as unjust by the woman, who feels

 she deserves love and reciprocation.

Severe/Lenient: Severe, as the emotional rejection leads to

feelings of being trapped and unfulfilled.

Adequacy of the hero: The woman struggles with adequacy, as

she feels emotionally dependent and unfulfilled. Her sense of

self-worth may be diminished by the man’s disinterest.

Outcome: Unhappy, as the woman’s emotional needs are

not met, and she feels trapped in a one-sided relationship.

Solution: Inadequate, as the woman’s efforts to engage the

man are met with emotional rejection, leading to frustration

and unfulfilled desires.

Thought process as revealed by the plot:

Structured: Yes, the narrative follows a clear pattern of desire

and rejection.

Integration of the Ego Stereotyped: Yes, the theme of unrequited love is stereotypical,

with the woman seeking emotional and physical intimacy, while

the man remains detached.

Appropriate: Yes, given the emotional dynamics of the situation.

Rational: The woman’s desires are rational in the context of the

relationship, though her inability to accept the man’s disinterest

may cloud her judgment.

Complete: Incomplete, as the story leaves the emotional

outcome unresolved.

Intelligence: Average, the woman’s actions are driven by

emotion rather than reason, but her desires are

understandable given the context of the relationship.

Test Interpretation

Based on the 23-year-old female student’s interpretation of the TAT cards, reveals a

strong recurring theme of emotional disconnection, vulnerability, and the tension between

personal desires and external expectations. In the narratives, characters face challenges with

their desire for more meaningful emotional bonds, the satisfaction of their personal desires,

and their capability to fulfill societal or familial obligations.

Numerous stories show emotionally conflicted individuals seeking love, intimacy, or

approval but feeling stuck due to their situations or relationships. For example, the first card

shows a boy's reflection on his musical skills and the stress to get better, indicating his worry

over fulfilling expectations. Likewise, in the tenth card, a woman desires emotional and

physical closeness from a man who appears uninterested, causing her to feel isolated and

stuck in an unequal relationship.

In cards like the second and fourth, there is a clear conflict between adhering to

societal norms and acting upon personal aspirations, leading characters to feel unfulfilled or

oppressed. In the village, a woman seeks a better life, while in the marriage scene, an older

man dominates a younger woman, showing power imbalances due to patriarchy. In the fifth

and seventh cards, the narratives focus on power struggles and feelings of being disconnected

emotionally as characters navigate through themes of aggression, domination, and the

consequences of fractured bonds. The boy choking his mother represents a troubled family

dynamic, while the wife pleading with her husband not to go after his affair demonstrates the

emotional toll of infidelity and rejection.

Several of the narratives also explore the search for happiness, whether it be through

religion, close relationships, or career achievements. For example, the woman concealed in a

sanctuary in card eight is in search of divine safeguard against physical harm, representing

her faith-based reliance during emergencies, while the separated woman in card nine turns to
physical closeness to deal with her isolation, showing her emotional susceptibilities. Many of

the stories are filled with characters seeking love, security, or validation, but frequently

encountering disappointment due to wish fulfillment and unresolved conflict. In card three,

the mother attempts to comfort her child while also dealing with her own sadness, showing

the equilibrium between individual sorrow and nurturing. The cards also show how

unrequited love or unfulfilled desires can result in emotional frustration and loneliness, as

depicted in the ninth and tenth cards.

These narratives are in line with Murray's Theory of Needs and Presses, which

explores the tension between personal psychological needs and social pressures. In the cards,

characters often feel torn between their desire for connection, independence, control, and

safety, with outside demands hindering their ability to meet these needs. The narratives mirror

the emotional toll of struggling to juggle personal desires with societal expectations, whether

it's a boy feeling pressured to succeed, a woman confined by gender norms, or characters

chasing love and approval. Ultimately, these narratives showcase the impact of emotional

neglect on unaddressed conflicts, damaged connections, and feelings of isolation or remorse.

The characters' failure to meet their emotional needs or escape from outside pressures leads

to major psychological stress, leaving them alone, exposed, and in a desperate search for

resolution.

Recommendations

Based on the themes observed in the TAT interpretations, the key recommendation for

individuals facing emotional disconnection, unmet desires, or conflict between personal

needs and societal expectations is to seek emotional balance and introspection. It is important

to develop a stronger sense of self-awareness and address unfulfilled emotional needs in

healthy, constructive ways. Therapy or counseling could be beneficial for individuals

struggling with feelings of rejection, vulnerability, or fear of abandonment, helping them to

work through unresolved emotions and build healthier relationships. Those caught in

traditional or societal roles that conflict with their personal desires should consider finding

ways to assert their individuality and seek fulfilment outside rigid norms, exploring

alternative ways to balance personal happiness with responsibilities. For those facing power

imbalances or feeling trapped in emotionally draining relationships, learning assertiveness

and setting boundaries could help restore balance and reduce feelings of helplessness.

Engaging in self-care practices and developing emotional resilience can also help individuals

better manage their internal conflicts and navigate external pressures. Finally, fostering open

communication within familial, romantic, or professional relationships is critical to reducing

isolation and creating stronger emotional connections.

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Cramer, P. (1999). Future directions for the Thematic Apperception Test. Journal of

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Gruber, N. & Kreuzpointner, L. (2013). Measuring the reliability of picture story exercises

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handbook of clinical scoring systems for the Thematic Apperception Test. New York,

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