 Write a short note on Special Olympics = Special Olympics

International is the world’s largest sports organization for the children and
adults with intellectual disabilities. It was founded by Eunice Kennedy
Shriver in 1962. In those days shriver used to run a camp taking the
persons with intellectual disabilities. It was known as Camp Shriver.
The main objective of this camp was to give opportunities to such
children with intellectual disabilities, so that they can show courage and
skills. Later on, this camp took the shape of Special Olympics. The first
special Olympics was held in 1968 in Chicago. Missions =
the mission of Special Olympics is to provide training for the whole year
to the children and adults with intellectual disability. Objective = (I) to
focus on the holistic development (II) to motivate such children to go to
school (III) to inspire such children to participate (IV) to train teachers etc.
logo = the special Olympic logo depicts five figure in a unifying circle
signifying the global presence of the people with intellectual disabilities.
Oath = The Oath of Special Olympics is :- ‘let me win. But if I can’t win, let
me be brave in my attempt’. The oath was recited by ‘ Eunice Kennedy
Shriver’ in the very first special Olympic games at Chicago.
Program and Initiative = (I) Sports Training = it provide sports training
throughout the world for summer and winter Olympics (II) Sports
Competition = they organize competition in various levels like local,
district, state, national and international (III) Advanced Coaches Training
Programme = special Olympics also train coaches for specialized games
(IV) Young Athletes Programme = this was set up to introduce children
from 2-7 years with different games. Achievements =
(I) National Games (II) World Games (III) Regional Asian Pacific Games
 Briefly describe Paralympics = Paralympics is a multisport event with
physical, mental and sensory disabilities. The game is held in every four
years. It is totally governed by International Paralympic Commitee (IPC).
The word Paralympic is the combination of two words - 'Para' in Greek
means parallel or side-by-side', 'olympic' means Olympic games.
Paralympic is a parallel games and sports competition of main summer
Olympics. The Paralympic games
was originated in Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Great Britain. In 1944,
 Ludwig Guttman, a german Spinal surgeon, started treating the war
veterans who survived in the Second World War. The hospital was, at the
same time, a rehab centre. He started Games and Sports competition in
Stoke Mandeville hospital itself. At first, the events were
recreational but afterwards these became competitive. At that time, it was
known as Stoke Mandeville Games. This was first organised in london in
1948. Later on, the name was changed to 'Paralympics. The first official
paralympic games was organised in Rome, Italy in 1960.
In Paralympics, the following five categories :- (I) Amputee (II) Cerebral
Pulsy (III) Intellectual Disabilities (IV) Wheel Chair (V) Visually Impaired
Paralympic Values = (I) Courage = Through their participation, they show
their courage and extreme limits. (II) Determination = Through their
participation, they exhibit their determination and strong will - power. (III)
Inspiration = Through their participation, they exhibit their inspiration and
motivation. (IV) Equality = Through their participation, they want to show
that they should be treated equally. Paralympic Moto
= The present paralympic Moto is "Spirit in Motion" which was introduced
in 2004. Before this, it was "Body, Mind and Spirit" which was introduced
in 1994. Paralympic Flag and Symbol =
Paralympic Flag has a white base which symbolizes ‘peace’.
Paralympic symbol consists of three ‘agitos’ of red, blue and green colur,
which are the most common colours in the national flag of most of the
countries. The word ‘agitos’ means ‘I move’. Agito is latin name.
Oath = In the name of all the competitors, I promise that we shall take
part in these paralympics games, respecting and abiding by the rules
which govern them, commit ourselves to sports without doping and
without drugs in the true spirit of Sportsmanship for the glory of sports
and honour of our teams"
 Briefly define Deaflympics. = It is a sports competition in which athletes
with hearing impairment participate. This was first introduced by,
Monsieur Rubens Alcais who tried to upgrade the status of the people
with hearing impairment. The
first deaflympics was organised in Paris (France) in 1924. Previously, it
was known as 'International Silent Games’. In 1966, it became 'World's
 Silent Game'. In 2001, it became 'Deaflympics’. One striking feature of
Deaflympics is that the persons who manage it are also deaf. In
deaflympics, starting signals are given through lights, flags, etc. whistles
and guns are not used. The deaflympics are held after every 4 years with
both summer and winter games. Motto = The motto
of deaflympics is "PER LUDOS AEQUALITAS" which means 'equality
through sports’. It was adopted to encourage. the deaf persons so that
they can break the social barriers. Eligibility =
Complete hearing loss or loss of 55 Db in better ear. He / She should be
the citizen of a nation member of ICSD (International Committee of sports
for the Deaf). The participants shouldn't use any hearing aids.
Deaflympics logo or symbol = The deaflympics logo binds together five
strong elements such as Sign, language, Deaf and International Culture,
Unity and Continunity. It consists of four handshapes depicting 'OKAY',
'GOOD' and 'GREAT'. The logo consists of four colours - Red, Blue,
Yellow and Green which are present in the flags of almost all the nations
of the world. Summer Deafflympics :-
Athletics, Badminton Basketball, Football. Winter Deablympics ÷
Snowboard, Curling, Skiing, Ice Hockey etc
 What are the advantages af physical activities bar children with
special needs (CWSN)? = The advantages of physical activities bar
CWSN are :- (I) Development of Social Skills = Normally, it becomes
difficult for the CWSN to mix up with others. They don't socialise
themselves and they are introvert. Physical activities make them social
and develop their social skills and make them confident. (II) Improvement
of Concentration = Generally, it is seen that such children suffer from
intellectual or cognitive disability. They are unable to learn. Physical
activities for them is very helpful to build concentration. (III) Improvement
of Physical Health = CWSN are generally seen physically inactive.
Physical activities enhance flexibility and strengthen their muscles and
make them physically strong. (IV) Improvement of Mental Health =
Physical Activities decreases stress, tension, depression of the CWSN. It
improves their mental health as they get recreational. (V) Improvement of
 behavior = Participation in physical activities improve their behavior and
make them confidence.
 What are the strategies to make Physical activities accessible for
the CWSN? = (I) Consideration of individual needs = Before organizing
activities and competitions for the CWSN, we must take this into account
that all such children have their different needs. The Deafs have the
difficulties which is not at all similar to the difficulties of blinds. (II)
Modification in Rules = There is no fixed hard and fast rule for the CWSN.
In Cricket, one over can Consist three balls only. The duration of activity
may be decreased. The length and breadth may be decreased. (III)
Modification of Equipments = The weight, height and length of the
equipments may be modified as per the needs of the CWSN. Example -
A shot of less weight can be provided. The height of the hurdles may be
made less. (IV) Change in Environment = The sporting environment of
the venue may be changed as per the needs. Example - If the activities
are for the mentally retarted persons, there must be colourful decoration
and high-pitched music. (V) Modification in Strategies = Strategies how to
conduct the activities may be changed as per the need or demand.
Selection process, Allotment of the events may be modified. (VI) Training
of Educators = To conduct activities and competitions for the CWSN, the
officials and the organisers should be specially trained. (VII)
Supervision by Medical Staff = Before conducting such activities for the
CWSN, it must be insured that the whole programme is checked out in
front of medical practisioner and there Should be adequate medical
facilities.
 What do you mean by Classification? What are the classification
process and what are the eligible impairment ? = Classification is a
grouping process associated with Paralympics. This is based on different
types of disabilities. Its goal is to classify as per age, gender, height,
weight so that they can come in the mainstream of life. Process =
It consists of three or four steps :- (I) Medical Evaluation (II) Functional
Evaluation (III) Observing such sports persons in training (IV) Watching
such athletes compete. Eligible Impairments
= (I) Loss of limbs or limb deficiency = Limb Deficiency due to amputation
 or by birth is a criteria. (II) Leg length disparity = the unequal length of
legs is another significant criteria. (III) Short stature = Person Suffering
from dwarfism, musculoskeletal deformity, growth hormone deficiency are
classified together. (IV) Impaired Muscle Power = The loss of muscle
power due to Polio, Spina Bifida may be categorised together. (V)
Impaired Range of Motion = The limited range of movement of joints due
diseases like - Arthritis is grouped together. (VI) Hypertension = It is the
abnormal increase of muscle tension with reduced stretchability due to
diseases like - Cerebral Pulsy. This is also an eligibility criteria. (VII)
Athetosis = It is unbalanced and involuntary movements when the
movements are not in our control. Such persons are grouped together.
(VIII) Attacksia = this is a neurological disorder which is characterised by
uncontrolled movements. Person suffering from this are grouped
together.
 Define Divisioning. What are the implementations of Divisioning? =
Divisioning is a process of grouping in different groups. Divisioning in
Special Olympics is based on their skills. It is a fundamental rule of
Special Olympics with the help of which the special athletes can be
matched and grouped with similar skill level.
Implementation = It is mainly determined by seeing his/her performance
in the previous tournaments. Age and Gender also plays an important
role in divisioning. (I) Gender = In Special olympics, Divisioning may be
done on the basis of Gender. (II) Ability = Ultimately, Divisioning is done
on the basis of ability of an individual. (III) Age =
Serial no Age (Team Game) Individual Sports (Age)
1 15 and under 8 -11
2 16 – 21 12 – 15
3 22 and above 16 – 21
4 22 and above 22 – 29
5 22 and above 30 and above
 What do you are mean by Inclusion? What the needs of Inclusion
and what are the ways to implement Inclusion? = The word
'Inclusion' is derived from the word 'include'. The literary sense of
inclusion in CWSN sports is working together' ie, including all. This sense
of inclusion is seen in academics and at the same time in Games and
Sports also. Need = (I) It provides
opportunities for developing personal relations (II) In Inclusive Education
or Sports, everything is taught through activities (III) It teaches us how to
deal CWSN (IV) Inclusion is useful for slow learners. (V) It helps CWSN
to perform better. (VI) It helps CWSN to build long-term friendship. (VII) It
inculcates principle of equality.
Ways = (I) Inclusive Class Rooms = Inclusive Classrooms should be
made for them so that they don't face any problem to sit or to enter.
Furniture’s should be built accordingly. (II) Changes in School
Infrastructure = The School Buildings should be made in such a way so
that Dibyanga children don't face difficulty in sitting or walking. (III)
Admission Policy = Some seats must be reserved for CWSN at the time
of admission. (IV) Appointment of Special Educators = Special
Educators, Counsellors, Speech Therapists should be appointed for the
welfare of the CWSN. (V) Diversity of Curriculum = Curriculum should be
made flexible for the CWSN in such a way so that they can follow. (VI)
Basic Educational Facilities = Basic Educational facilities like - Braille
letter, evaluation facilities, teaching materials should be made available to
the CWSN. (VII) Information and Communication Technology = New
communication Aids, Audio-visual Aids should be provided in the
classroom (VIII) Parents = Parents are to be taken in this inclusive
education. They should be made members in the school. Even they
should be allowed to sit in the classroom as they know their Children
better.