The Pharma Innovation Journal 2022; 11(2): 1080-1082

ISSN (E): 2277- 7695

ISSN (P): 2349-8242
NAAS Rating: 5.23
TPI 2022; 11(2): 1080-1082
Weeds of direct-seeded rice influenced by herbicide
© 2022 TPI
www.thepharmajournal.com
mixture
Received: 02-11-2021
Accepted: 07-12-2021
Badal Verma, Manish Bhan, AK Jha, Shahiba Khatoon, Monika
Badal Verma Raghuwanshi, Lalita Bhayal, MP Sahu, Rajendra Patel and Vikash Singh
Department of Agronomy, College of
Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi
Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Abstract
Madhya Pradesh, India The present study was carried out at Research Farm, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya,
Manish Bhan Jabalpur (M.P.) during the Kharif season of 2019. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design with
Department of Agronomy, College of two agro-ecosystems in the main plot and eight weed control treatments in sub plot and three
Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi replications. The study revealed that dominant weeds associated with direct-seeded rice in the
Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya experimental field were mainly comprised of monocot (Echinochloa colona, Cynodon dactylon), dicot
Pradesh, India
(Alternanthera sessilis) and sedge (Cyperus iria) throughout the crop growing period. The post
AK Jha emergence application of bispyribac sodium at 25 g a.i./ha being as good as weed-free check provided
Department of Agronomy, College of almost complete control of complex weed flora and it was better than other weed control treatments.
Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi However, the lowest values of density and dry weight of weeds were recorded in two hand weedings
Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya
Pradesh, India
done at 20 and 40 DAS. Lower values of weed density and weed dry weight along with improved weed
control efficiency was registered with bispyribac sodium at 25 g a.i./ha, which was statistically at par
Shahiba Khatoon with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 6.7% EC + penoxsulam 24% SC at 60+26.7 g a.i./ha under both the rainfed and
Department of Agronomy, College of irrigated agro-ecosystems.
Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi
Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya
Pradesh, India Keywords: Agro-ecosystems, Bispyribac sodium, herbicides, direct-seeded rice, weeds

Monika Raghuwanshi Introduction

Department of Agronomy, College of
Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world and is the foremost
Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya staple food in Asia, providing 35-60% of the dietary calories consumed by more than three
Pradesh, India
billion people (Wang et al., 2016) [14]. Rice plays a significant role in the economy of India and
Lalita Bhayal hence occupies a central position in national agriculture policy and food security (Dangwal et
Department of Agronomy, College of al., 2011) [6]. In India, it is grown in nearly 43.39 m ha area with the production of 104.32 MT
Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi
Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya
and productivity of 2404 kg/ha. In Madhya Pradesh, it occupies an area of 2.02 m ha with the
Pradesh, India production of 3.58 MT and productivity of 1768 kg/ha (Anonymous 2016). Direct-seeding of
rice is suggested as a potential alternative and, currently, the area under direct-seeded rice
MP Sahu
Department of Agronomy, College of (DSR) is increasing due to rapid depletion in ground water and escalating cost of its pumping
Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi vis-a-vis labour scarcity, besides several other production vulnerabilities under transplanted
Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya
Pradesh, India
rice (Dass et al., 2017) [7]. Direct-seeded rice (DSR) serves several advantages i.e. saves
labour, helps faster, easier and timely planting, less drudgery, early crop maturity by 7-10
Rajendra Patel days, less water requirement, high tolerance to water deficit, often high yield, low production
Department of Agronomy, College of
Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje
cost, more profit and less methane emission (Balasubramanian and Hill 2002) [2]. Weed
Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, management is the major challenge towards the success of this crop as weeds are
Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India comparatively denser in this system than in transplanted situations, because of the
simultaneous emergence of rice and weeds due to the absence of standing water at the early
Vikash Singh
Department of Agronomy, stage of rice growth (Chauhan 2012) [3] and they compete with the crop for nutrients, light,
College of Agriculture, Rajmata space and moisture. The extent of yield reduction of rice due to weeds has been estimated up
Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa to 95% in India (Naresh et al., 2011) [9]. Hand weeding is a common method of weed control
Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya adopted by farmers but comparatively; this method is time-consuming, coupled with high
Pradesh, India
wages and a shortage of labours. Under such conditions, the use of suitable herbicides is the
only substitute to get higher productivity with lower cost involvement. Generally, pre-
emergence herbicides like pretilachlor, butachlor, anilophos and post-emergence herbicides
Corresponding Author: like 2,4- D are used frequently to control grassy and broadleaved weeds in direct-seeded rice.
Badal Verma Continuous application of the same herbicide may result in the shifting of weed flora and the
Department of Agronomy, College of
Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi development of herbicide resistance in weeds. To solve this problem, a new herbicide or
Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, herbicidal combination has been launched in India for large spectrum weed control in direct-
Madhya Pradesh, India
seeded rice.
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But the information on its efficacy against the weed flora in effect on crop growth. During the crop growing season (July
direct-seeded rice is very meagre. Keeping in view the above 2019 to Nov. 2019), maximum temperature (34.9 °C) was
facts, an experiment was carried out to manage the weed recorded in July and minimum (10.3 °C) in November
problem in direct-seeded rice during the critical crop-weed months. Herbicides as per treatments were sprayed at 20 DAS
competition period. using 300-500 l/ha water by a knapsack sprayer fitted with a
flat-fan nozzle. The experimental data for various growth
Materials and Methods characters, yield attributing characters and yield were
A field experiment was conducted in the sandy clay loam soil statistically analyzed.
of the Research Farm of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa
Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.) during the Kharif season of 2019. Results and Discussion
The soil was neutral in reaction with a pH of 6.48, medium in Weed flora and relative density
available nitrogen and potassium and phosphorous. The The experimental plots under both rainfed and irrigated agro-
variety used in the experiment was MTU1010 and the crop ecosystems were infested with dominant four weed species
was sown in July 2019. The experiment was laid out in split belonging to three families. Two weed species were of the
plot design comprising sixteen treatment combination with family Poaceae and one each of the family Amaranthaceae
two agro-ecosystems viz., rainfed and irrigated in main plots and Cyperaceae. Among the total weed, vegetation was
and eight weed control treatments viz. bispyribac sodium 10% annual and perennial (Table 1). Data on species wise weed
SC at 25 g a.i./ha, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 6.7% EC at 60 g a.i./ha, density recorded in weedy check plots from both rainfed and
fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 6.7% EC + penoxsulam 24% SC at 60 + irrigated agro-ecosystems. It is evident that there were
26.7 g a.i /ha, cyhalofop 10% EC + penoxsulam 24% SC at predominance of Echinochloa colona, Alternanthera sessilis,
135 + 26.7 g a.i./ha, bispyribac sodium 10% SC + Cyperus iria and Cynodon dactylon in both weedy plots of
metsulfuron methyl 10% WP + chlorimuron ethyl 10% WP at rainfed and irrigated agro-ecosystems. In experimental field, a
25+4 g a.i./ha, triafamone 20% WG + ethoxysulfuron 10% total of four species were recorded, and out of these
WG at 40+20 g a.i./ha as post-emergence herbicides, hand Echinochloa colona and Alternanthera sessilis recorded
weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS and weedy check in sub highest relative density presented in (figure 1 & 2). These
plots with three replications. Rainfall received during crop findings are in agreement with the findings of Dixit and Bhan
season in 2019 was 1396 mm. There was sufficient rain up to (2003) [8].
the first week of November, which did not cause any adverse

Table 1: Infesting species of weeds in the direct seeded rice of Kharif season
S. No. Local Name English Name Scientific Name Family Morphological type
1. Jungle rice Water grass Echinochloa colona Poaceae Grass
2. Sessile Joyweed Spiny pigweed Alternanthera sessilis Amaranthaceae Broad leaved
3. Motha Rice flat sedge Cyperus iria Cyperaceae Sedge
4. Doub Grass Bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Grass

Weeds and weed control efficiency

Density and dry weight of weed represented the extent of
competition posed by weeds on the crop. The treatment which
exhibited the minimum density and dry weight for the weeds
was considered the best. Weed management practices
influenced the weed population greatly. The total weed
population was reduced significantly due to various weed
control treatments. At 30 DAS, the highest weed density and
weed dry matter were recorded in weedy check plots where
weeds were not controlled throughout the growing season and
bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 25 g a.i./ha was found to be
more superior in curtailing the weed population and dry
weight of weeds followed by fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 6.7% EC +
Fig 1: Relative density of weeds under rainfed agro-ecosystems
penoxsulam 24% SC at 60+26.7 g a.i./ha as compared to
unwedded control (Table 2). Significantly, the lower weed
density and dry weight were observed with two hand weeding
where it was at par with bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 25
g a.i./ha. This might be due to the timely eradication of weeds
by intercultural tools, which uprooted and killed the
weeds. The weed control efficiency was maximum (95.6%)
under hand weeding twice. Among the combinations of agro-
ecosystems along with different weed control treatments, the
excellent weed control efficiency (WCE) was observed in
irrigated agro-ecosystem and bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 25
g a.i./ha and higher than other treatment combinations. These
findings were in conformity to those of Sharma et al. (2020)
[10]
Fig 2: Relative density of weeds under irrigated agro-ecosystems and Verma et al. (2021) [13].

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Table 2: Effect of different treatments on total weed density, dry weight and weed control efficiency at 30 DAS in direct seeded rice
Treatments Weed density (No./m2) Weed dry weight (g/m2) WCE % (30 DAS)
Agro-ecosystems RF IR
Rainfed 5.65 (37.38) 6.25 (45.16) - -
Irrigated 5.33 (32.87) 6.05 (42.70) - -
LSD (P=0.05) NS NS
Weed control treatments
Bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 25 g a.i./ha 4.13 (17.13) 4.78 (22.83) 83.3 83.4
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 6.7% EC at 60 g a.i./ha 6.47 (41.78) 7.24 (52.38) 61.3 62.6
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 6.7% EC + penoxsulam 24% SC at 60+26.7 g
4.56 (20.75) 5.14 (26.25) 80.6 81.1
a.i./ha
Cyhalofop 10% EC + penoxsulam 24% SC at 135+26.7 g a.i./ha 4.95 (24.77) 5.45 (29.87) 76.8 78.7
Bispyribac sodium 10% SC + metsulfuon methyl 10% WP +
5.59 (31.30) 6.42 (41.17) 69.3 69.7
chlorimuron ethyl 10% WP at 25+4 g a.i./ha
Triafamone 20% WG + ethoxysulfuron 10% WG at 40+20 g a.i./ha 5.21 (27.42) 5.87 (34.60) 73.4 75.1
Twice hand weeding 2.43 (5.48) 2.54 (5.98) 95.2 95.6
Weedy check 10.60 (112.40) 11.77 (138.40) 0.0 0.0
LSD (P=0.05) 0.84 0.79
RF= Rainfed, IR= Irrigated, WCE=Weed control efficiency

Conclusion Gangetic Plains. Crop Protection. 2016;81:168-176.

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