ETHICS

- aka: Moral Philosophy or Morality

- A Discipline that is concerned with that is Morally good or bad.
- The science of the morality of man; study of human motivation and ultimately of human rational behavior.
- It comes from the Latin word “ethos” which means customary, behavior or moral.
- A branch of philosophy which studies the principles of right or wrong in human conduct.
- Right or wrong are qualities as signed to actions, conduct and behavior.
- Latin Word: Ethos and Greek Word: Ethikos which means Customary (Usual Practices / Kaugalian).

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS:

1. Indispensable knowledge
2. Without moral perception, Man is only an animal.
3. Without morality, man as rational being is a failure

CLASSIFICATION OF ACTION ACCORDING TO NORMS OF MORALITY:

1. MORAL ACTION (GOOD)

 Actions which are conformity with the norms of morality.
 On the Good Side (goodness / Righteousness)
2. IMMORAL ACTION (BAD)
 Actions which are Not In Conformity with the norm of morality.
 Wickedness.
3. AMORAL ACTION (INDIFFERENT)
 Actions which stands Neutral in relation to the norm of morality. They are Neither Good nor bad in themselves.
 Absence of Morality, meaning it is an option taken without any concern for weather it is morally right or wrong.

TWO (2) DIVISIONS OF ETHICS:

1. GENERAL ETHICS - the study of the general principles of ethics.

2. SPECIFIC ETHICS - the study of the Application of the general principles of morality; included in this division is the category of
professional ethics.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

 A set of moral code to which every profession must subscribe, It guides the professiona l where the law is silent or inadequate

POLICE ETHICS

 A practical science that treats the principle of human morality and duty as applied to law enforcement.

NORMS

 Deal with societal standards while morals involve value judgments by individuals or society.

MORALITY

 the foundation of every human society. Without civic morality, communities perish; without personal morality their survival
has no value.
 Morality is the quality of human acts by which they are constituted as good, bad, or, indifferent. It is a Principle Concerning the
distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.
 MORALIST - A person who values or follows good Conduct in the absence of religion

HUMAN ACTS

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  asks that are done knowingly, deliberately, and freely.

MODIFIER OF HUMAN ACTS:

1. IGNORANCE - absence of knowledge which a person ought to possess

2. PASSION - either tendencies towards desirable objects or tendencies away from undesirable or harmful things
3. FEAR - disturbance of a mind of a person who is confronted by an impending danger or harm to himself or loved ones
4. VIOLENCE - refers to any physical force exerted on a person by another for the purpose of compelling said person to act against
his will.
5. HABITS - lasting readiness and facility, born of frequently repeated acts. They assume the role of second nature.

VALUES

- Are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions.
- This is the Application of Ethics.
- It describes the Personal Qualities a person chooses to embody to guide his actions; the sort of person he wants to be; the
manner in which he treats himself and others, and his interaction with the world around him.Values in a narrow sense is that
which is good, desirable, or worthwhile. Values are the motive behind purposeful action.
- They are the ends to which we act and come in many forms.
- The Quality (Positive or Negative) that renders something desirable or valuable.
- Latin Word : VALERE means To Be Strong or To Be Worth.

Q&A: A Person who values or follows good Conduct in the absence of religion

a. Morality c. Good Ethics

b. Moralist d. Ethicos

VIRTUE

- Kabutihan. Behavior showing High Moral Standards.

- a habit that inclines the person to act in a way that harmonizes with his nature.
- It is the idea that a person's character traits, attitudes, or dispositions Can make them more really good, excellent or admirable.
- It is a Positive Trait that universes someone to act and fill in ways that develop the potential and pursue their ideas.

FOUR (4) MORAL VIRTUE ACCORDING TO SCHOLASTIC PHILOSOPHY:

1. PRUDENCE
 it is characterized by being careful about one’s choices, not taking undue risk and not saying or doing things that might later
be regretted.
 The ability to govern and discipline oneself by means of reasons and sound judgment.
 Your wise use of Judgment.
2. JUSTICE
 a concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality and law.
 The virtue that inclines the will to give to each one of his rights.
 It is about fairness and Impartiality.
3. FORTITUDE
 (Lakas ng Loob - Courage in pain or adversity / firmness of the Mind)
 The strength and firmness of mind that enables a person to face danger with stoic resolve.
 Such as:
a. Perseverance - the ability to go on despite the obstacles.

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 b. Patience - calmness and composure in enduring situations.
c. Endurance - the ability to last.
4. TEMPERANCE
 Sophrosyne in Greek is defined as moderation in action, thought, or feeling; restraint.
 The virtue that regulates the carnal appetite for sensual pleasure.
 Ability to Wait (Patience).

SOURCE OF VALUES AND ETHICS

1. Family
2. School
3. Church

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 PHILIPPINE REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGISTS PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

CODE OF ETHICS OF CRIMINOLOGIST

 Refers to the set of moral and ethical principles that All Registered Criminologists must abide by as they practice the
profession.

PRIMARY RESPONSILITIES:

a. The primary responsibility of every person admitted to the practice of Criminology as a Registered Criminologist is to bear
faithful allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and be loyal to his profession. They shall accept as a sacred obligation and
responsibility as citizens to support the Constitution of the Philippines and as a Registered Criminologist to defend the principles
of liberty as defined in the Constitution and Laws.
b. As a Registered Criminologist, they shall strive to improve their effectiveness by diligent study and sincere attention to
improvement and welcome the opportunity to disseminate practical and useful information relating to matters accruing to the
benefit of public safety and welfare.

LIMITATION OF AUTHORITY

a. The first duty of a criminologist as upholder of the law is to know its bounds upon him, be aware of limitations and
prescriptions and recognize the system of government that gives to no man group or institution absolute power. He must
ensure that he is prime defender of that system and as such must never pervert its character.
b. They shall in the performance of their duty be just, impartial and reasonable, never according anyone more preferential
treatment than another. They shall recognize the limitation of their authority and at no time use the power of their profession
for personal advantage.

PRIVATE CONDUCT

a. The Registered Criminologist must be mindful of his special identification by the public as an upholder of the law. He must
never be lax (not strick - be simple lang) in conduct or manner in private life, express disrespect for the law, nor seek to gain
special privilege that would be reflective upon the profession. He must so conduct his private life that the public will regard him
as an example of stability fidelity and morality.
b. He must strive to elevate the standing of the profession in the public mind, strengthen public confidence in law enforcement,
develop and maintain complete support and cooperation of the public and insure the effectiveness by encouraging complete
cooperation of members for their mutual benefit.

CONDUCT TOWARDS THE PUBLIC

a. The Criminologists remind At All Times that dignity, fairness and a genuine willingness to help are essential to their public
image and their ability to do a good job.
b. The Criminologists mindful of their responsibility to the whole community, deal with individuals of the community in a manner
calculated to instill respect for its laws and their profession.
c. They shall be habitually courteous and accept their responsibility by being punctual and expeditious in their engagements and
duties. They shall regard their profession as a public trust and in the discharge of their duties, bear constantly in mind their
obligation to serve the public efficiently and effectively.

ATTITUDE TOWARDS PROFESSION

a. The criminologists shall strive to make the best application of science to the solution of crime, by diligent study and sincere
attention to self improvement, and in the fields of human relationships, strive for effective leadership and public influence in
matters affecting public safety

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 b. He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his profession as an honorable one rendering valuable service to his
community and country. They shall strive to attain certain of the most withering cross examination particularly from fellow
criminologists and associates.
c. He shall avoid outside influence from overzealous and overanxious clients and his findings shall be based solely and entirely on
logical and scientific deduction derived from a fair and impartial examination personally performed by him.
d. He must never lose sight of the important fact that he should no only work for the identification, apprehension and conviction
of criminals, but must strive with greater if not equal vigor to clear the innocent

ATTITUDE TOWARDS FELLOW CRIMINOLOGIST

a. The Criminologists shall strive constantly to improve professional standing of Criminology through association with others in
the profession and keeping abreast with the fast moving world of science and technology through constant research and
development.
b. He shall cooperate fully with fellow criminologists regardless of personal prejudice. He should however, be assured that such
action is proper and in accordance with law and guard against the sue of this office or person, knowingly or unknowingly in any
improper or illegal action. He always bear in mind at all times that it is not sufficient to be proficient in one's work, he must also
have a high sense of justice, a belief in the dignity and worth of all men and a proper motivation and attitude. He must possess a
sense of dedication to his profession and a sense of duty and obligation to his fellowmen.
c. He shall cooperate with fellow criminologists and public officials to the end that the safety and general welfare of the public will
be assured, never permitting jealousies or personal differences to influence their professional duties and obligations.

WHO IS A FILIPINO POLICEMAN:

- A Filipino policeman is a protector and a friend of the people.

- His BADGE is the symbol of the citizen’s faith and trust, his UNIFORM a mirror of decorum and integrity.
- His whole human person an oblation of enduring love for homeland, fellowmen and God.
- A Filipino policeman emulates the valor (kagitingan) of Lapu-lapu, serenity of Rizal, the leadership of Aguinaldo, the courage
of Bonifacio, the idealism of Del Pilar, the wisdom of Mabini and the fortitude (lakas ng loob) of Gomez, Burgos and Zamora.
- A Filipino policeman has oath for his republic to uphold: to defend the constitution, honor the flag, obey the laws and duly
constituted authorities.
- He has covenant with his people to comply: to safeguard and protect them even beyond the call of duty.
- And he has a legacy for his family to fulfill : to Bequeath (ipamana) unto them the one and only treasure of his life – an
Unblemished Name.

TYPES OF POLICE DEVIANCE:

1. POLICE GRATUITY
 CHISELING- is when an officer is Quite Blatant in about demanding free services.
"BLATANT" lantaran of (of bad behavior) done openly and unashamedly.
2. POLICE SHAKEDOWN – is when the police officer extorts a business owner for protection money.
3. POLICE PERJURY – is usually a means to affect an act of corruption, leaving out certain pertinent pieces of information to “fix” a
criminal prosecution.
4. POLICE BRUTALITY – defined as excessive force, name-calling, sarcasm, ridicule, and disrespect.
5. POLICE PROFANITY – refers to the use of obscene and profane language.
6. MISUSE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION – this normally involves the jeopardization of ongoing investigations by leaking
information to friends, relatives, the public, the press, or in some case directly to the criminal suspect or members of their
gang.

SECTION 22 OF REPUBLC ACT 11131 : Revocation or suspension of the certificate of registration and cancellation of temporary /
special permit.

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 - The Board shall have the power, upon notice and hearing, to revoke or suspend the certificate of registration of a registered
criminologist or to cancel a temporary/special permit granted to foreign criminologist for the following causes/grounds:
a. Violation of any provision of RA No. 11131, this IRR, the Code of Ethics, the Code of Good Governance, or policy of the Board
and/or the Commission;
b. Conviction of a crime with finality involving moral turpitude;
c. Perpetration or use of fraud in obtaining one's certificate of registration, professional identification card or
temporary/special permit;
d. Gross incompetence, negligence, ignorance resulting to death or injury of a person, or damage to property;
e. Non-renewal of the professional identification card for six (6) years or for two (2) consecutive renewal period with the PRC
without justifiable cause;
f. Aiding or abetting the illegal practice of a non-registered criminologist by allowing the use of one's certificates of registration
and/or professional identification card or temporary/special permit;
g. Practicing the profession during the suspension from the practice;
h. Addiction to drugs or alcohol impairing one's ability to practice the profession or a declaration by a court of competent
jurisdiction that the registrant is of unsound mind; and
i. Noncompliance with the CPD and AIPO reasonable requirements as approved by the Board, unless one is exempted
therefrom, for the renewal of the professional identification card.

SECTION 21 OF RA 11131 - Refusal to issue certificate of registration and professional identification card or temporary/special
permit.

- The Board shall not register any successful applicant for registration who has been:
a. Convicted with finality of a crime involving moral turpitude by a court of competent jurisdiction;
b. Found guilty of immoral or dishonorable conduct by the Board;
c. Summarily adjudged guilty for violation of the General Instruction to Examinees by the Board; and
d. Declared of unsound mind by a court of competent jurisdiction.

LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS

1. My fundamental duty is to serve mankind;

2. To safeguard lives and property;
3. to protect the innocent against deception; the weak against oppression or intimidation, and thepeaceful against violence or
disorder; and to respect the constitutional rights of all men to liberty, equality and justice.
4. I will keep my private life unsullied (Hindi nababahiran) as an example to all;
5. maintain courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn or ridicule; develop self-restraint; and be constantly mindful of the
welfare of others.
6. Honest in thought and deed in both my personal and official life, I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and the
regulation of my department.
7. Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless
revelation is necessary in the performance of my duty.
8. I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices animosities or friendships to influence my decisions. With the
compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution or criminals, I will enforce the law courteously and appropriately without
fear or favor malice or ill will, never employing unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities.
9. I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith, and I accept it as a public trust to be held so long as I am true to
the other of the police service.
10. I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives, and ideals, dedicating myself before God to my chosen profession. . .law
enforcement

FIVE PILLAR TOWARDS AN ETHICAL PNP MEMBER:

1. BACKGROUND OF THE APPLICANTS – this includes the qualification like educational attainment and morality.

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 2. TYPE OF TRAINING – strengthening the behavior of the selected applicant is believed to be the objective of the PNP training.
3. RESPONSE TO TRAINING – trainees’ obedience to legal orders is indispensable in undergoing the training.
4. DETERMINATION – trainees’ determination to pursue the required training.
5. ABILITY TO RISE WHEN FALL – It is but natural to fail but what matter is the ability to rise especially when put in hot water
(have fortitude). Facing the consequences of our action is a sign of maturity.

THE CANNONS OF POLICE ETHICS

 "Cannons of Police Ethics" The Set of Established guidelines that outline the expected professional conduct and behavior for
Police Officers. (Google)
1. PRIMORDIAL POLICE RESPONSIBILITY
 The primary objectives of Police is the prevention of crime, policeman knew too well that he has committed his Life to
defend and protect the rights of the citizen and uphold the law at all cost
2. LIMITATION OF POLICE AUTHORITY
 The primary as an upholder of the law must know its limitation upon him in enforcing the law, thus: He must be aware of
the limitations which the people, through law, have placed him.
3. KNOWLEDGE OF THE LAW AND OTHER RESPONSIBILITY
 The policeman shall assiduously apply himself to the principles of the laws, which he is sworn to apply.
"Assiduously " with great care and perseverance.
4. USE OF PROPER MEANS TO OBTAIN PROPER ENDS
 The policeman shall be Mindful of his responsibility to have strict selection of methods in discharging the duty of his office.
Violation of law or public safety and property on the part of the officer are intrinsically wrong. They are self-defeating if they
instill in the public mind and a like disposition.
5. COOPERATION WITH PUBLIC OFFICIALS
 The policeman shall cooperate fully with other public officials in the performance or authorized duties, regardless of party
affiliation or personal prejudices.
6. PROPER CONDUCT AND BEHAVIOR
 The policeman shall be mindful of his special identification by the public as an upholder of law.
 Police laxity (Kalaswaan) of conduct or manner in private life, expressing either disrespect for the law or seeking to gain
special prevail, cannot but reflect upon in the policeman and the police service.
7. CONDUCT TOWARDS COMMUNITY
 The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to the community. He shall deal with individuals of the community in
the manner calculated to instill respect for its law
8. CONDUCT IN ARRESTING LAW VIOLATOR
 Policeman shall use his powers of arrest in accordance with the law and with due regard to the rights of the citizen
concerned.
9. FIRMNESS IN REFUSING GIFTS OR FAVORS
 Policeman representing the government bears heavy responsibility of maintaining, in his conduct, the honor and integrity of
all government institution.
10. ATTITUDE TOWARDS POLICE PROFESSION
 Policeman shall regard the best possible of his duties as a public trust and recognize his responsibilities as a public servant.
11. IMPARTIAL PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE
 Policeman shall be concerned equally in the prosecution of the accused or for the defense of the innocent

8 TENETS OF DISCIPLINE:

 "Tenets of Discipline" Refers to the Fundamental principles or core beliefs that form the foundation of disciplined approach,
essentially outlining the key behaviors and attitudes one should uphold to practice self-control and achieve goals, Open
including aspects like following rules, consistent efforts, accountability, and perseverance. (Google)

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 1. One of the first signs of discipline is the stage of orderliness and cleanliness of the policeman’s place or work. If a police station
is unkept, people cannot expect the kind of positive responds to their needs.
2. All police actions must be characterized by courtesy and discipline.
3. All objectives of the PNP must always be for the Public Interest and not private interest. The people must feel that they are
welcome to approach any member of the PNP for assistance. All citizens must be treated with dignity and respect.
4. All police actions must be in accordance with the law.
5. Respect for human rights and other laws of the land must be primordial concern in the exercise of Police duties/
6. Basic police service must be rendered, equitably for all citizens and must not give in exchange for any favor, reward or
condition.
7. Involvement of police personnel in syndicated crime particularly illegal gambling must not be tolerated.
8. There is no substitute for leadership by example. Police Commanders, as model of public service, must show proper behavior
not only to their subordinates but also to the people.

THE PNP CORE VALUES

- The Police Service is Noble and Professional. Hence, it demands from its members a specialized knowledge, skill and high
standard ethics and morality. In this regard, the member of the Philippine National Police must adhere to and internalize the
enduring core values of the PNP.

1. Love of God - (Pinaka Supreme)

2. Respect for authority
3. Selfless love and Service for People
4. Respect for sanctity of marriage and family life
5. Responsible Dominion and Stewardship over material things
6. Truthfulness

THE POLICE OFFICER'S CREED

1. I believe in God, the Supreme Being, a great provider, and the creator of all men and all dear to me. In return, I can do no less
than love Him above all, seek his guidance in the performance of my sworn duties and honor Him at all times.
2. I believe that respect for authority is Duty. I respect and uphold the constitution and the laws of the land and the applicable
rules and regulations. I recognize the legitimacy and authority of the leadership, and follow and obey legal orders of my superior
officers.
3. I believe in selfless love and service to people. Toward this end, I commit myself to the service of my fellowmen over and
above my personal convenience.
4. I believe in the sanctity of marriage and respect for women . I shall set the example of decency and morality and shall have high
regard for family life and chastity.
5. I believe in the responsible dominion and stewardship over material things . I shall inhibit myself from ostentatious display of
my property. I shall protect the environment and conserve nature to maintain ecological balance. I shall protect private and
public properties and prevent others from destroying it.
6. I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be trustworthy and shall speak the truth at all times as required by my
profession.

PNP STAND ON BASIC ISSUES

1. PNP IMAGE
 The image of any organization affects the esprit de corpse, morale and welfare of the members, and sense of pride to the
organization. Thus, all members of the PNP should act in a manner That would reflect best on the PNP and Live by PNP's
Core Values
2. CAREER MANAGEMENT, THE KEY TO PROFESSIONALIZATION

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  The implementation of the PNP's career management will greatly enhance the personal professionalization process with
regard on procurement, training, promotion, assignment, placement, awards, and retirement.
 The PNP shall formulate a stringent policy and strictly implement the human resources development system, compatible to
the equitable distribution of procurement, fair promotion, nationalized approach in assignment, skill development
immediately grant of reward and award, and decent living upon retirement.
3. POLICE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP
 the effectiveness of law enforcement is reflective of the managerial capabilities and competent leadership of the men and
women who run the PNP organization.
 These attributes master for be one of the primary base for consideration in the selection of personal for employment and
deployment purposes.
4. EQUALITY IN THE SERVICE
 There shall be judicious and equitable distribution of opportunity to prove one's worth in the police service. The problem on
inequity through class orientation and functionalism, Both real and perceived, premised on favored assignment, inequitable
opportunity of training, unfair granting of promotion, and untimely awarding of achievement, will create an atmosphere of
demoralization.
 The result is inefficiency and lack of teamwork to the detriment of the organization. It Behooves Therefore on the PNP
leadership to address the situation. The civilian character of the organization requires adherence to the rule on merit and
fitness system and to dissociate the above process from close orientation and functionalism.
5. DELICADEZA
 in consonance with the requirements of Honor and integrity in the PNP, All members must have the moral courage to
sacrifice self-interest in keeping with the time honor principle of Delicadeza
6. POLICE LIFESTYLE
 The PNP shall promote and maintain a lifestyle for its member which the public will find credible and respectable.
 The public expects a police official to live a simple and dignified life. They must be free from geed, corruption and
exploitation.
7. POLITICAL PATRONAGE
 B&B members shall inhibit themselves from soliciting political patronage on matters pertaining to assignment, award,
training and promotion.
8. HUMAN RIGHTS
 PNP members shall respect and protect human dignity and man's Inalienable Rights to Life, Liberty, and Property.
9. SETTING EXAMPLE
 all PMP members shall set good example to their subordinates and follow good example from the superior.

THE POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

1. COMMITMENT OF DEMOCRACY: Uniform PNP members shall commit themselves to the democratic way of life and value and
maintain the principles of public accountability.
2. PUBLIC OFFICE IS A PUBLIC TRUST: Public officer must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost
responsibility, integrity, loyalty and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and leas modest lives. They shall at all times
uphold the constitution and be loyal to our country, people and organization above loyalty to any persons or organization.
3. COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST: PNP members shall always uphold public interest over and above personal interest. All
government properties, resources and powers of their respective offices must be employed and used effectively, honestly and
efficiency, particularly to avoid wastage of public fund and revenues.
4. NON-PARTISANSHIP: PNP members shall provide service to everyone without discrimination regardless of Party affiliation in
accordance with existing laws and regulations.
5. PNP CONDUCT DURING LABOR DISPUTE: The involvement of PNP during strike, lockout, and labor dispute in general shall
limited to the maintenance of peace and order, enforcement of laws and legal Orders of duly contributed authorities.
6. PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH: All PNP members shall strive to be physically fit and in good health at all times.

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 7. SECRECY DISCIPLINE: All PNP Members shall guard the confidentiality of classified information against unauthorized disclosure.
This includes confidential aspect of official business special orders, communication and other documents, roster or any portion
thereof of the PNP, contents of criminal records, identities of person who may have given information, etc.
8. SOCIAL AWARENESS: All PNP members shall be actively involved in civic, religious, and other social activities with the end
purpose of increasing social awareness.
9. PROPER CARE AND USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY: All PNP members shall be responsible for the security, proper care and use of
Public property issued to them and/or deposit under their care and custody, unauthorized used of Public property for personal
convenience of gain and that of their family, friends, relatives is strictly prohibited.
10. NON-SOLICITATION OF PATRONAGE: All PNP members seeking self-improvement through career development and shall not
directly or indirectly solicit influence or recommendation from politician, high ranking government officials, prominent citizens,
persons affiliated with civic or religious organization with regard to their assignment, promotion, transfer or related advantage.
11. RESPECT OF HUMAN RIGHTS: In the performance of duty, PNP members shall respect human dignity and uphold human rights
of all persons.
12. DEVOTION TO DUTY: All PNP members shall perform their duties with dedication, efficiency enthusiasm, determination and
manifest concerned for public welfare.
13. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES:All members of the PNP shall help in the development and conservation of our
natural resources for ecological balance and posterity. The natural resources are considered inalienable heritage of our people.
14. DISPLINE: PNP policemen shall conduct themselves at all times in keeping with the rules and regulation of the organization.
15. LOYALTY: PNP members must be loyal to the constitution and the police service as manifested by their loyalty to the superior,
peers and subordinates as well.
16. OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIOR: PNP members shall obey lawful orders and to be courteous to superior officers and other
appropriate authorities within the chain of command. No members shall use abusive, insulting or indecent language to another
member.
17. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY: In accordance with the Doctrine of Command Responsibility, immediate commanders shall be
responsible for the effective supervision, control and direction of their personnel.

POLICE ETHICAL STANDARDS

1. MORALITY  All PNP members shall adhere to high standards of morality and decency and shall set good example for
others to follow.
 Morality is defined as quality of human acts that leads man to observe “moral behavior”, to be obedient
to a system of moral rules, “rules of right conduct”.

2. JUDICIOUS USE  All PNP members shall be permitted to apply for search warrant for any evidence of assault against
OF AUTHORITY himself without reporting the case in writing his superior officer and Obtaining from his permission to
apply for such warrant.

3. JUSTICE  PNP members shall strive constantly to respect the rights of other so that they can fulfill their duties and
exercise their rights as human beings, parents, children, citizens workers, leaders, of in other capacities
and to see to ensure that others do likewise.

4. HUMILITY  All PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not the master of the people
and toward this end, they should perform their duties without arrogance

5. ORDERLINESS  All PNP shall follow logical procedure in accomplishing task assigned to them to minimize waste in the
use of time, money and efforts.

6. PERSEVERANCE  Once a decision is made all PNP members shall take legitimate means to achieve the goal even in the face
of internal or external difficulties, and despite of anything which might weaken their resolve in the course
of time.

7. INTEGRITY  PNP members shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest practices in

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accordance with the provision of existing laws on corrupt practices.

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CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

- Customs - Social practices carried by tradition that has obtained the force of law.
- Tradition - Are bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed dowm from generetion to generation with the effect of an
unwritten law.
- Courtesy - A manifestation or expression of consideration and respect for others.
- Ceremony - A formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority as proper to special occasion.
- Social Decorum - A set of norms and standards practiced by members during socials and other functions.

POLICE CUSTOM ON COURTESY:

1. SALUTE - the usual greeting rendered by uniformed members upon meeting and recognizing person entitled to a salute.
2. SALUTE TO NATIONAL COLOR AND STANDARD - its members stand at attention and salute the national color and standard as
these pass by them or when the national color is raised or lowered during ceremonies.
3. ADDRESS OR TITLE - Junior in rank address Senior members who are entitled to salute with the SIR or MA'AM.
4. Courtesy Call - such as:
 Newly assigned/appointed member
 Christmas Call
 New year's call
 Promotion call
 EXIT CALL - kapag aalis kasa isang organization or i lilipat ka.
 COURTESY OF THE POST - the host unit extends hospitability to visiting personnel who pay respect to the command or unit.
 RANK HAS-ITS -OWN PRIVILEGE (RHIP) - the PNP members recognize the practice that different pranks carry with them
corresponding privileges.

POLICE CUSTOMS ON CEREMONIES:

1. FLAG RAISING CEREMONY - PNP members honor the flag by hoisting it and singing the National Anthem before the start of the
official day's work.
2. FLAG LOWERING CEREMONY - at the end of official day's work, the PNP members pause for a moment to salute the lowering of
the flag.
3. HALF-MAST - the flag raised at half-mast in deference to deceased uniformed personnel of the command.
4. FUNERAL SERVICE AND HONORS - Departed uniformed members,retirees, war veterans or former PC/INP members are given
vigil(pagbabantay), necrological services and graveside honors as a gesture of farewell.
5. CEREMONY TENDERED TO RETIREES - in recognition of their long, faithful and honorable service to the PNP, a testimonial
activity shall be tenderedin their honor.
6. HONOR CEREMONY - arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting dignitaries,VIPs, PNP officers and etc.
7. TURNOVER CEREMONY - the relinquishment(talikuran) and assumption (palagay) of command or key position is publicly
announced in a turnover ceremony by the outgoing and incoming officer. Outgoing commander/Director shall not leave hos
post w/o proper turnover
8. WEDDING CEREMONY - a ceremony is conducted with participants in uniform and swords drawn.
9. ANNIVERSARY - the birth or institutional establishment of a comnand or unit is commemorated in an anniversary ceremony.
10. PROPER ATTIRE - PNP members always wear appropriate and proper Attire in comformity with the ocassion.

POLICE TRADITIONS:

 Are bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from generation to generation with the effect of an unwritten
law.
1. SPIRITUAL BELIEFS
 PNP members are "traditionally religious and God loving person." As such, they attend religious services together with the
members of their family.

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  During times of great personal crisis and danger, they bravely forge on, confident that Divine Providence will grant them
protection and safety.
2. VALOR
 It is worthy to note that history attests that the filipino law enforcers have exemplified the tradition of valor ib defending the
country from aggression and oppression. They sacrifices their lives and limbs for the sake of their countrymen whom they
have pledge to serve.
 They sacrificed their limbs and lives for the sake of their countrymen whom they have pledged to serve.
3. PATRIOTISM
 PNP members are traditionally patriotic in nature. They manifest their love of country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag
and a vow to defend the constitution.
 They manifest their love of country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the Constitution.
4. DISCIPLINE
 PNP members is manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful orders and thorough and spontaneous action towards
attainment of organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical, and legal norms
 The discipline of PNP members is manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful orders and thorough and spontaneous
actions towards attainment of organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical and legal norms.
5. GENTLEMANLINESS (Courteous)
 PNP members are upright in character, gentle in manners, dignified in appearance, and sincere in their concern to
fellowmen.
 PNP members are upright in character, gentle in manners, dignified in appearance, and sincere in their concern to
fellowmen.
6. WORD OF HONOR
 PNP members word is their bond. They stand by and commit to uphold it.
 PNP members’ word is their bond. They stand by and commit to uphold it
7. DUTY
 PNP members gave historically exemplified themselves as dedicated public servants who perform their task with a deep
sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice.
 PNP members perform their tasks with deep sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice. They shall readily accept assignment
anywhere in the country.
8. LOYALTY
 PNP members are traditionally loyal to the organization, country and people
 PNP members are traditionally loyal to the organization, country and people as borne by history and practice.
9. CAMARADERIE
 a binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police organization, extending to the people they serve, in
manifested by the PNP members deep commitment and concern for one another.
 The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police organization, extending to the people they serve, is
manifested by the PNP members’ deep commitment and concern for one another.

POLICE OFFICERS PLEDGE:

1. I will love and serve God, my Country and People;

2. I will uphold the constitution and obey legal orders of the duly constituted authorities;
3. I will Oblige myself to maintain a high standard of morality and professionalism;
4. I will respect the customs and traditions of the police service; and
5. I will live a decent and virtuous life to serve as an example to others.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A POLICE OFFICER'S JOB

1. THE UNIFORM. It sets the officer apart, and it clearly identifies his or her status as a police officer.

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 2. THE POWER. The uniformed police officer, with the sidearm, baton, citation book, and other trappings of office, is a walking
symbol of government power.
3. THE WORKING HOURS. Police officers work daily and “off duty” is not a right but a privileges only, they also work weekends,
holidays, and frequently must put in overtime in emergency situations, and for court appearances.
4. THE DANGER. They deal with several issues, situations, and problems.
5. THE DIRTY WORKS. The police deal with dead bodies, crimes, crime victims, criminals, automobile accidents and other aspects
of society that most of us would rather not think about.

STRENGTHS OF THE PNP (POLICE TRADITION)

1. SPIRITUAL BELIEFS  During times of great personal crisis and danger, they bravely forge on, confident that Divine
Providence will grant them protection and safety.

2. VALOR  They sacrificed their limbs and lives for the sake of their countrymen whom they have pledged to
serve.

3. PATRIOTISM  They manifest their love of country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the
Constitution.

4. DISCIPLINE  The discipline of PNP members is manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful orders and thorough
and spontaneous actions towards attainment of organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical
and legal norms.

5. COURTEOUS  PNP members are upright in character, gentle in manners, dignified in appearance, and sincere in
their concern to fellowmen.

6. WORD OF HONOR  PNP members’ word is their bond. They stand by and commit to uphold it

7. DUTY  PNP members perform their tasks with deep sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice. They shall
readily accept assignment anywhere in the country.

8. LOYALTY  PNP members are traditionally loyal to the organization, country and people as borne by history and
practice.

9. CAMARADERIE  The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police organization, extending to
the people they serve, is manifested by the PNP members’ deep commitment and concern for one
another.

WEAKNESS OF THE PNP

1. Misplaced Loyalty. The loyalty is on the fellow officers not on the government and the people they serve.
2. Cynicism. Police view all citizens with suspicion, weak, corrupt, and dangerous.
3. The Use of Force. The police sometimes embrace force for all situations wherein a threat is perceived.
4. “The Police as Victims” Mentality. This concept is based on the idea that the police are victims of public misunderstanding and
scorn, of low wages and self-serving administrators.
5. Preferential Application of the Law. Decisions about whether to enforce the law, in any but the most serious cases, should be
guided by what the law says and who the suspect is.
6. “The Police as Untouchables”. A police officer should find a safe way to impose punishment, including an arrest on fake
charges.
7. Rewards. Police do very dangerous work for low wages, so it is proper to take any extra rewards the public wants to give them.
One theory is that it is acceptable to accept any type of reward as long as it was given wholeheartedly by an individual to a
police officer. This rationalization was even given a term: LAUGHINGMONEY.
8. Due Process. It is only a means of protecting criminals at the expense of the law abiding and should be ignored whenever it is
safe to do so.

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9. Lying and Deception. It is an essential part of the police job, and even perjury should be used if it is necessary to protect
yourself or get a conviction on a “bad guy”.

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MOST COMMON TYPES OF CORRUPTION IN THE PNP
1. CASE FIXING  the subjective imposition of penalties or downright sabotage of the investigation process
in exchange for money or other things for personal gain.

2. BRIBERY  it is the receipt of cash or a gift in exchange for present, past or future assistance in
avoidance of prosecution, as by a claim that the officer is unable to make a positive
identification of a criminal or by beingin the wrong place at a time when a crime is to
occur, or by any other action that may be excused as carelessness but not offered as
proof of deliberate miscarriage of justice.

3. EXTORTION  the common practice of holding "street court," where incidents such as minor traffic
(SHAKEDOWN) tickets can be avoided with a cash payment to the officer and no receipt given. Using this
process, police have also been known to extort money from nightclub owners and other
businesses by threatening to enforce city health and zoning codes.

4. PROTECTION  the taking of money or other rewards from vice operators or from legitimate companies
operating illegally in return for protecting them from law enforcement activity.

5. RECYCLING  the use or sale of confiscated items and evidence, usually drugs or narcotics.

6. SELECTIVE  it occurs when police officers exploit their officer discretion. For example, a PNP member
ENFORCEMENT who releases a suspect due to what is commonly known as “areglo” or “balato” is in clear
abuse of his or her discretion and authority. On the reverse side, a police officer who
arrests a person simply because the latter “annoys” him is likewise guilty of selective
enforcement

7. INTERNAL PAY-OFFS  sale of work assignments, day-offs, holidays, vacation periods, and even promotions.

8. CORRUPTION OF  this type of corruption is tolerable, but because policeman must act beyond reproach and
AUTHORITY with impartiality, it is expected that policeman must be free from possible from
temptation to evil and this includes receiving free meals, services, discounts, gratuities
and the like.

9. KICKBACKS  this type of police corruption occurs when the police officer receives any consideration
such as money and other valuable materials in return to a police services which a police
officer should be performed.

10. OPPORTUNISTIC THEFT  it is the taking advantage of the situation in the conduct of police operations by profiting
or taking properties with intent to gain and not reporting to authorities.

11. FIXES  it involves an activity in which a police officer acts as a mediator in a certain case and offer
to the other party to settle the case for a particular amount and the police officer receives
a certain amount of the payment made by the other party.

12. DIRECT CRIMINAL  this is the worst behavior of a police by involvement of police officer in a criminal activity
ACTIVITY and profiting on it.

CATEGORIES OF CORRUPT POLICE OFFICER

1. WHITE KNIGHTS  these are straightforward fellow, honest to a fault, and often take an extreme position on
ethical issues. They are realistic and often render strict decisions in accordance with the
law. Thus, they are considered a loner and deviant to the eyes of the colleagues who are

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 corrupt and killjoy to the others.

2. STRAIGHT SHOOTER  these are honest policemen who are ready to hide the corrupt practices for their comrades
as part of camaraderie. They observe principle of “omerta” or hiding the secret of fellow
policemen.

3. GRASS EATERS /  these are policeman who just keep on waiting for the opportunities. They are engage in
VEGETARIAN COPS relatively minor type of corruption opportunities as they present themselves.

4. MEAT EATERS /  they are worst because they come out of the headquarters to look for the opportunities.
CARNIVOROUS COPS They actively seek out corruption opportunities and engage in both minor and major
patterns of corruption.

5. ROGUES  are policemen who are considered having all the deviant behaviors of a corrupt policeman.
They involve in dirty works and dirty money and are considered bad to the bone.

POLICE MISCONDUCT

1. MALFEASANCE  Other Terms : MISCONDUCT

 Is any wrongful, improper or unlawful conduct motivated by premeditated, obstinate or intentional
purpose.
 The commission of an act that one is prohibited to do.
 It usually refers to transgression of some established and definite rule of action, where no discretion
is left except where necessity may demand
 I does not necessarily imply corruption or criminal intention.

2. MISFEASANCE  Other Term : IRREGULARITIES IN THE PERFORMANCE OF DUTY

 The improper or incorrect performance of some act which might lawfully be done.

3. NONFEASANCE  Other Term : Neglect of Duty

 the omission or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or duty, which it was the peace
officer’s legal obligation to perform; implies a duty as well as its breach and the fact can never be
found in the absence of duty.
 The failure to perform an act or duty that is part of one's obligation without sufficient excuse.

4. NOTE:  POLICE BRUTALITY - refers to unnecessary and unreasonable use of force in effecting arrest or abuse
in the manner of conducting search and seizure, and other police operations.
 POLICE LYING - a deceptive practices are in fact part of working environment.
 POLICE DISCRETION - The act or the Liberty to decide according to the principles of justice in the
police officers ideas of what is right and proper under the circumstances.
 INCOMPETENCY - lack of adequate ability and fitness for the satisfactory performance of police
duties.
 DISLOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT - abandonment or renunciation of one's loyalty to the
government of the Philippines.

POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS

 Is the sum total of dealings between the police and the people it serve and whose goodwill and cooperation it craves for the
greatest possible efficiency in the service.

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  PCR is indispensable in the PNP organization as it is geared towards forging a partnership with the community to promote a
shared responsibility in addressing peace and order. A strong relationship between the police and the community establishes a
harmonious and peaceful environment achieved through proper coordination and communication. (PNP Manual)

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY RELATION

1. Community Support must be maintained

a. Every police shall be worthy of the public high trust by doing his job and leaving nothing through carelessness
b. He shall make himself available and be willing to serve everyone.
2. Community Resentment Must be avoided
a. Every policeman shall have in mind the interest of the public
b. He shall develop friendly relations by his good conduct.
c. He shall avoid any occasion to humiliate, embarrass annoy or inconvenience anyone.
3. Community Goodwill Must be developed
 police should be courteous, fair and quick to assist individuals in the solution of their problems.
4. Community Must Kept Informed
 The police should inform the community of the regulations and policies of the police force and the reasons of their
adoption.

POLICE RELATIONS

1. Reviving the ideas of “The people’s police”

 It is a basic notion on which modern, urban police departments were founded. Needs for police service must be determined
on the basis of ongoing communication between the people and the police.
2. A more reasoned for Police work
 Police officers usually operate with a repertoire of responses determined by penal codes, municipal ordinances, and
demands of the often-recurrent types of situations and emergencies with which they deal.
3. A deeper more comprehensives interest in human life
 To some, this phrase may sound sentimental, and to others, unnecessary, because many effective police officers now
operate with humanity and compassion.
4. An acceptance that “relations” is a process not a product.
 It is vital, ongoing, and constantly changing. It requires mutual respect and mutual exchange and cannot compartmentalized
if it is to be effective.

TYPES OF POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS

 The basic ingredients in the effective observance of police community relation include the following:
A. PUBLIC INFORMATION PROGRAM
 It is designed to bridge any communication gap between the police and public.
 Every PNP unit expected to conduct and develop a good workable public information program, and this is the basic
among four programs of community relations.
B. PUBLIC RELATION PROGRAM
 It is a program designed to make the public aware of what the agency is doing, why is it doing, and how it contributes to
the welfare of the community.
 It is designed to maintain harmony and mutual support between the police and the community.
 Every PNP unit from station level up to higher level, shall have Public Relations Officer to look after the public relation
aspects of police work. The mission of PRO is to gain public support for police policies and to win citizen’s cooperation in
the program and procedure of the police station in order to facilitate the accomplishment of police task.
TYPES OF PUBLIC RELATION
1. Public Awareness Programs - familiarizing the public with the nature the true nature of police operations.

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 2. Informational Programs - providing the public with information, which is directly related to the interest and needs of
the community.
3. Image Building Programs - promoting programs, which are designated to create a more favorable public image of
the police.
C. CIVIC ACTION PROGRAM
 It is designed to maintain and encourage community development.
 The CAP is an activity that makes the police officer a friend and partner of the people for progress as well as their
defender.
D. PSYCHOLOGICAL PROGRAM
 It is designed to condition both friendly and hostile public thereby insuring facilitating the attainment of police
objectives.
 This program is designed to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors of the community so that they
will behave in a manner beneficial to the police particularly the PNP in general, either directly or indirectly.

MAJOR STRUCTURE COMPONENTS OF P.C.R

1. POLICE INFORMATION AND EDUCATION

 Are communication activities utilizing the various forms of media geared towards creating consciousness and awareness
among target audience on facts and issues vital to the development of an efficient, respected, and supported police force
TWO (2) MAJOR COMPONENTS:
1) COMMUNITY INFORMATION - activities utilizing the various forms of media directed towards the public at large
designed to increase their consciousness and Knowledge of facts and issues for purpose of enhancing law enforcement,
counter insurgency and crime prevention efforts, increasing crime solution efficiency to include weakening of the will of
the Criminal elements and insurgents and enlightening other groups of individual Critical to the government in general
and the police organization in particular.
2) INSTITUTIONAL INFORMATION - are activities utilizing the various forms of Media directed towards the public at large
designed to generate trust, confidence and popular support for the PNP or simply enhancing public perception and
knowledge about the PNP as an institution of the government.
2. POLICE COMMUNITY AFFAIRS
 Are activities outside law enforcement but which necessitates PNP support and or participation, the end result of which
ultimately contribute to better appreciation and an enhanced support to the PNP in whole in part by the populace.
THREE MAJOR SUB-COMPONENTS
1) COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE AND DEVELOPMENT - are activities outside the field of the law enforcement under taken
upon the initiative of PNP unit of personnel for the purpose of enhancing life as a means of drawing the support,
appreciation and support of the public to wards the PNP.
 Skills, Livelihood, Coop. Development.
 Sports, socio cultural development.
 Medical, Dental Outreach Services.
 Tree Planting.
2) COMMUNITY INTER-RELATIONS- are activities outside the filed of Law enforcement under taken upon the initiative of
other government agencies, non – governmental organization, and or individual citizens whereby a PNP unit or
personnel actively contributes time, money and or service as a means of drawing the support, appreciation, and
cooperation of the public towards the PNP in whole in or part.
3) COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION AND MOBILIZATION - are activities revolving around the accreditation of existing groups
or creation of new ones with the end in view of having allies within various sectors in the community who could be
tapped to assist in the conduct of law services, community works and the like.

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PUBLIC INFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA OPERATION

A. ON INTERNAL SECURITY: There shall be intensified information on evils of the ideology and actual terrorist operations through
regular issuance of Press releases. The editors of columnist and enhanced utilization of the tri-media to write, print, and
broadcast.
B. ON CRIME PREVENTION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT: There shall be sustained information drive on how the public can reach
public assistance and the utilization of the tri-media on modus operandi safety and the like.

PUBLIC RELATION

 It is a program designed to make the public aware of what the agency is doing, why is it doing, and how it contributes to the
welfare of the community.

TYPES OF PUBLIC RELATION

1. Public Awareness Programs - familiarizing the public with the nature the true nature of police operations.
2. Informational Programs - providing the public with information, which is directly related to the interest and needs of the
community.
3. Image Building Programs - promoting programs, which are designated to create a more favorable public image of the police.

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PATRIOTISM

- Is a noun that means "Devoted Love, Support, and Defense of one's country; national loyalty."
- Derives from greek Patriots meaning " Fellow-Countryman or Lineage Member."
- The root of this word, in turn, means "Fatherland".
- A patriotic person is always on the side of his own nation and supports its leaders if they are deserving.

COSMOPOLITAN PATRIOTISM

 Some people think that true patriotism excludes cosmopolitanism. This is a mistake.
 Every true Patriot is cosmopolitan and every genuine cosmopolitan is a patriot.
 Cosmopolitans serve their country and seek to uplift it intellectually, materially, and morally.

SEVEN (7) TYPES OF PATRIOTISM

1. EXTREME PATRIOTISM  This type of patriotism is extreme, But by no means extremely rare. It is adopted much
too often buy politicians and common citizens alike when their countries major interests
are thought to be at stake.
 It is encapsulated in the saying "our country, right or wrong," At least on the simplest
and most obvious contrual of this saying.

2. ROBUST PATRIOTSIM 

3. MODERATE PATRIOTISM 

4. DEFLATED PATRIOTISM 

5. ETHICAL PATRIOTISM 

6. EXCLUSIVE PATRIOTISM 

7. INCLUSIVE PATRIOTSIM 

WHY PATRIOTISM IS SO IMPORTANT?

 Patriotism brings people together

 patriotism makes for a stronger nation
 A patriotic spirit is one of the fortitude and strength.

PATRIOTISM VS NATIONALISM (Makabayan)

 While the words patriotism and nationalism were once considered synonyms, They have taken on different connotation. while
both are the feelings of love people feel for their country, the values upon which those feelings are based are very different.
 Feeling of patriotism are based on the positive values the country embraces like freedom, Justice, and equality.
 Feeling of nationalism are based on a belief That one's country is superior to all others. It also carries a connotation of distrust
or disapproval of other countries, leading to the assumption that other countries are rivals.
 While Patriot Do Not automatically denigrate other countries, nationalist do, sometimes to the point of calling for the country's
Global dominance

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