1.

The organ of the plant has radial symmetry, unrestricted growth, positive geotropism, provides
nutrition and anchorage in the soil. What organ is it?
A. Leaf
B. Seed
C. Rhizome
D. Stem
E. Root

2. A patient with persistent tachycardia, exophthalmos, restlessness, and increased metabolism

visited a doctor. What disorder can cause the development of the above symptoms?
A. Hyperparathyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Hypoparathyroidism
D. Adrenal insufficiency
E. Hyperthyroidism

3. Which drug from the group of anticholinesterase agents is used in patients during the
postoperative period to stimulate intestinal peristalsis?
A. Ditilin
B. Metoprolol
C. Salbutamol
D. Proserin
E. Adrenaline hydrochloride

4. One of the plants had an inflorescence with a prolonged main axis and sessile flowers. What is
such an inflorescence called?
A. Spike
B. Umbel
C. Spadix
D. Head
E. Capitulum

5. During a preventive examination, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, exophthalmos, elevated

body temperature, and an increased heart rate of 110 beats per minute were detected. Which
hormone level in the blood should be checked?
A. Cortisol
B. Glucagon
C. Insulin
D. Testosterone
E. Thyroxine
6. What reaction should a chemical analyst perform during preliminary tests to determine
chromium(III) ions?
A. Reaction with ammonia
B. Reaction with potassium permanganate
C. Reaction for the formation of chromic acid after prior oxidation of chromium
D. Reaction with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide
E. Reaction with sodium hydroxide

7. Colloidal protection is used in the production of pharmaceutical preparations. What is the colloidal
preparation of silver, protected by proteins, called?
A. Protargol
B. Argentum
C. Enzymetal
D. Collagen
E. Festal

8. Which reagent can be used to distinguish ethanol (C2H5OH) from glycerin (CH2OH-CHOH-
CH2OH)?
A. FeCl3
B. Br2
C. Cu(OH)2
D. H2SO4
E. KMnO4

9. Which method is used for the quantitative determination of medicinal substances with basic
properties?
A. Argentometry
B. Complexometric titration
C. Acidimetry
D. Permanganatometry
E. Thiocyanatometry

10. A patient with a malignant tumor experiences significant weight loss and debilitation. Which
substance, suppressing the hunger center and stimulating catabolism, caused the debilitation in the
person?
A. Aldosterone
B. Cachexin
C. Insulin
D. Somatotropin
E. Oxytocin

11. The calculation of the temperature of phase transformations under different pressures is based
on which principle?
A. Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation
B. Clapeyron-Clausius equation
C. Konavalov's laws
D. Truton's rules
E. Gibbs phase rule
12. A patient is experiencing bleeding due to prolonged use of isodicoumarin. In this case, which
antagonist of dicoumarin should be used?
A. Aminocaproic acid
B. Ascorbic acid
C. Ethamsylate
D. Fibrinogen
E. Vikasol

13. What color compound is formed as a result of the interaction between salicylate ions and Fe3+
ions in an acidic environment?
A. Brown
B. Black
C. Violet
D. Green
E. Blue

14. During microbiological analysis of dried medicinal plants, it was found that they were
contaminated with Clostridia. Which of the following characteristics describes this group of
microorganisms?
A. They are pathogenic to humans
B. They are not pathogenic to humans
C. They are gram-negative
D. They form spores
E. They are obligate aerobes

15. Which vaccine should be used for the prevention of a viral infection that can cause congenital
defects in case of maternal illness during pregnancy?
A. Poliomyelitis vaccine
B. Rubella vaccine
C. Measles vaccine
D. Influenza vaccine
E. Rabies vaccine

16. Which two heterocyclic rings are present in thiamine (vitamin B1)?

A. Pyrazine and thiophene

B. Pyrimidine and thiophene
C. Pyridazine and thiazole
D. Pyridazine and thiophene
E. Pyrimidine and thiazole

17. In which of the compounds listed is a primary aromatic amino group present? Which reaction can
confirm it?
A. (CH3)2NH (dimethylamine). Reaction with HCl
B. (C6H5)2NH (diphenylamine). Diazotization reaction
C. (CH3)3C-NH2 (tert-butylamine). Diazotization and azo coupling reaction
D. (CH3)3N (trimethylamine). Reaction with HCl
E. C6H5-NH2 (aniline). Diazotization and azo coupling reaction

18. Which indicator is used during the titration of a potassium iodide solution with silver nitrate
solution (direct titration)?
A. Methyl orange
B. Fluorescein
C. Iron ammonium alum
D. Starch solution
E. Tropolin 00

19. What is the mechanism of action of acyclovir (an antiviral drug)?

A. Exhibits antagonism with DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis
B. Increases cell membrane permeability
C. Suppresses nucleic acid synthesis
D. Blocks cell wall synthesis
E. Suppresses protein synthesis

20. Which medication can be used to relieve bronchospasm?

A. Omnopon
B. Aspirin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Salbutamol
E. Atenolol

21. According to the theory of rapid coagulation by Smoluchowski, what is the order of the kinetic
equation that describes the coagulation process?
A. Zeroth order
B. Third order
C. Second order
D. First order
E. Fractional order

22. Phenylephrine (mezaton) was administered to a patient who experienced collapse to correct
arterial blood pressure. What is the mechanism of the hypertensive action of this drug?
A. Stimulates N-cholinoreceptors
B. Stimulates β-adrenoreceptors
C. Stimulates angiotensin receptors
D. Stimulates M-cholinoreceptors
E. Stimulates α-adrenoreceptors
23. The patient complains of sudden tachycardia and hypertension, headache, chest pain, and
appears pale. Biochemical blood analysis reveals significantly elevated levels of catecholamines.
Dysfunction of which gland could be the cause of these symptoms?
A. Parathyroid glands
B. Neurohypophysis
C. Medulla of the adrenal glands
D. Cortex of the adrenal glands
E. Adenohypophysis

24. Chitinization is one of the modifications of cell membranes. In which organisms is this
phenomenon observed?
A. Fungi
B. Gymnosperms
C. Woody plants
D. Ferns
E. Higher spore-bearing plants

25. Diazepam was prescribed by a doctor to a patient with neurosis symptoms of anxiety and fear.
Which pharmacological effect of the drug allows its use for the treatment of this condition?
A. Anti-anginal
B. Antiarrhythmic
C. Anxiolytic
D. Anti-inflammatory
E. Hypotensive
26. What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the activation of amino acids and their
attachment to specific tRNA?
A. Deoxyribonuclease
B. Nucleotidase
C. DNA ligase
D. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
E. Ribonuclease
27. Which two working solutions are used to determine hydrogen sulfide in mineral waters by the
iodometric method (back titration)?
A. AgNO3, H2SO4
B. I2, Na2S2O3
C. NaOH, HCI
D. H2C201, KMnOs
E. Na2CO3, HCI

28. Which of the following phenomena is not characteristic of aerosols?

A. Photophoresis
B. Coagulation
C. Thermophoresis
D. Thermoprecipitation
E. Dissociation

29. During which reaction does the conversion of C2H4 (alkene) to C2H6 (alkane) occur?
A. Hydrogenation
B. Dimerization
C. Hydration
D. Dehydration
E. Dehydrogenation

30. A patient is experiencing toxic pulmonary edema. Which medication should be used for
emergency assistance?
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Spironolactone
C. Diamox
D. Indapamide
E. Mannitol

31. What type of pharmacotherapy does the use of antibiotics belong to in the case of infectious
diseases?
A. Pathogenetic
B. Replacement
C. Symptomatic
D. Stimulating
E. Etiotropic

32. The structure of a bacterial cell that provides increased resistance of microbes to environmental
factors and can be detected during staining of a smear using the Ojeshka method is called what?
A. Pili
B. Flagella
C. Plasmid
D. Spore
E. Capsule

33. Which groups of antibiotics belong to Beta-lactams?

A. Penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines
B. Penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems
C. Penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, carbapenems
D. Cephalosporins, macrolides, aminoglycosides
E. Cephalosporins, monobactams, aminoglycosides

34. In a Gram-stained smear, large oval cells of violet color were detected, forming a
pseudomycelium. What microorganisms are they?
A. Penicillium fungi
B. Actinomycetes
C. Malarial plasmodium
D. Mucor fungi
E. Candida fungi

35. An infection caused by phytopathogenic mycoplasmas has spread in a medicinal plant plantation.
What property characterizes this group of microorganisms?
A. They lack a cell wall
B. They die in the presence of oxygen
C. They do not grow in nutrient media
D. They have a single flagellum
E. They form spores

36. How does physical adsorption of substances change with an increase in temperature?
A. Decreases
B. Increases in homogeneous systems
C. Transforms into chemisorption
D. Decreases in heterogeneous systems
E. Increases

37. Some medicinal plants need to be collected carefully as there are toxic plants among them.
Which plant from the umbrella family is poisonous?
A. Catariana officinalis
B. Arctum lappa
C. Cicuta virosa
D. Viburnum opulus
E. Plantago major

38. 2M solution of HCl was added to the tested solution. As a result, a white precipitate formed,
which turned black when treated with ammonia solution. Which cation is present in the solution?
A. Ba2+
B. Mg2+
C.Pb2+
D.Ag2+
E.Hg2+2
39. During protein starvation, a decrease in the amount of proteins in the blood, growth retardation,
edema, and anemia are observed. What is the key factor in the mechanism of edema development
in conditions of protein deficiency in nutrition?
A. An increase in the synthesis of t globulins
B. An increase in the synthesis of albumin
C. A decrease in the synthesis of albumin
D. An increase in the synthesis of hemoglobin
E. A decrease in the synthesis of hemoglobin

40. During excessive carbohydrate consumption, insulin stimulates the conversion of carbohydrates
into lipids in adipose tissue cells. Which process enables this transformation?
A. Synthesis of higher fatty acids
B. Synthesis of heme
C. Gluconeogenesis
D. Lipolysis
E. Synthesis of uric acid

41. Which of the following compounds is the basis of organic dyes and belongs to the class of
isolated polynuclear arsines?
A. Triphenylmethane
B. Benzene
C. Cumene
D. Phenanthrene
E. Anthracene

42. By which method of titrimetric analysis is the quantitative determination of streptocid

(sulfanilamide) performed using a solution of KBrO3 in the presence of KI?
A. Vanadatometry
B. Iodometry
C. Dichromatometry
D. Bromatometry
E. Permanganatometry

43. Sedimentation is a characteristic process for which system?

A. Colloidal solution
B. Solution of non-electrolytes
C. Suspension
D. Foam
E. Solution of electrolytes
44. Analysis of a patient's urine with diabetes mellitus showed the presence of glucosuria. What is
the renal threshold for glucose reabsorption?
A. 10 mmol/L
B. 15 mmol/L
C. 20 mmol/L
D. 1 mmol/L
E. 5 mmol/L

45. Which titration method should be used to determine a volatile substance?

A. Method of separate weighing
B. Substitution titration
C. Back titration
D. Titration with instrumental detection of the equivalence point
E. Direct titration

46. Aerosol is a pharmaceutical dosage form. What is the phenomenon of particle dispersion in the
direction of decreasing temperature called?
A. Sedimentation
B. Electrophoresis
C. Peptization
D. Photophoresis
E. Thermophoresis

47. Certain leaf cells have thickened walls. What cells are these?
A. Trichomes
B. Sieve tubes
C. Companion cells
D. Collenchyma
E. Sclereids

48. What product is formed as a result of the interaction of aniline with benzaldehyde?
A. Cyanohydrin
B. N-benzylideneaniline
C. Oxime
D. N,N-dimethylaniline
E. Hemiacetal

49. Which of the following substances is not a surfactant?

A. Sodium palmitate
B. Sodium stearate
C. Sodium chloride
D. Sodium oleate
E. 1-heptanol

50. During examination of the oral cavity, a patient is found to have a vesicular rash, pustules, and
papules on the soft palate mucosa. Microscopic examination of smears made from the pustule
exudate, stained with Romanowsky-Giemsa, reveals pale-pink twisted microorganisms. Which
microorganisms caused this pathology?
A. Staphylococci
B. Meningococci
C. Candida fungi
D. Streptococci
E. Pale spirochetes

51. One of the classifications of titrimetric analysis methods is based on the chemistry of the reaction
between the test substance and the titrant. Which reaction is the basis for determining the amount
of sodium carbonate using hydrochloric acid?
A. Precipitation
B. Oxidation-reduction
C. Neutralization
D. Hydrolysis
E. Complex formation
52. Which reaction is used to obtain butane CH3-CH2-CH2-Cl from 1-chloropropane CH3-CH2-CH2-
CH2-Cl?
A. Finkelstein reaction
B. Kucherov's reaction
C. Wurtz reaction
D. Zinin reaction
E. Konovalev's reaction

53. Immobilized enzyme dressings are used in the treatment of purulent wounds. What is the name
of this enzyme?
A. Alkaline phosphatase
B. Trypsin
C. Catalase
D. Arginase
E. Acid phosphatase

54. A specialist in the control-analytical laboratory is conducting a direct iodometric determination of

ascorbic acid. What indicator is used in this case?
A. Phenolphthalein
B. Methyl red
C. Methyl orange
D. Starch
E. Diphenylamine
55. Which bacteria indicate the presence of fecal contamination?
A. Klebsiella
B. Serratia
C. Escherichia coli
D. Sarcina
E. Anthracoides

56. What potential arises at the interface between two solutions?

A. Surface potential
B. Diffusion potential
C. Electrostatic potential
D. Electrokinetic potential
E. Contact potential

57. What substance is used as a primary standard in permanganate titration, bromate titration,
dichromate titration, iodometric titration, and cerimetric titration?
A. Arsenic(III) oxide
B. Sodium carbonate
C. Sodium chloride
D. Ammonium acetate
E. Potassium hydroxide

58. A group of tourists went on an excursion to the mountains. Two hours after the start of the hike,
some of them experienced tachycardia and shortness of breath, indicating the presence of hypoxia in
the body. What type of hypoxia is the cause of these disturbances?
A. Respiratory
B. Hypoxic
C. Tissue
D. Circulatory
E. Hemic

59. Prolonged use of antibiotics can lead to the development of dysbacteriosis. What method can be
used to detect intestinal dysbacteriosis?
A. Bacteriological examination
B. Collection of medical history
C. Serological examination
D. Biological test
E. Allergological examination

60. Ascorbic acid is not synthesized in the human body and must be obtained from food. What is one
of the most important functions of ascorbic acid in the human body?
A. Participation in hydroxylation reactions
B. Absorption of calcium
C. Participation in hydrolysis reactions
D. Excretion of cholesterol from the body
E. Participation in phosphorylation reactions

61. The patient developed atrioventricular block. Which medication is indicated for him?

A. Anaprilin (Propranolol)
B. Metoprolol
C. Pirenzepine
D. Clonidine
E. Atropine62.

What is the final product formed as a result of the esterification reaction of ethanol with
acetic acid according to the scheme provided below?

D
63. One of the electrochemical methods of analysis is polarography. With which indicator is the
substance being investigated identified during polarographic analysis?
A. Height of the polarographic wave
B. Position of the polarographic wave
C. Potential of the half-wave
D. Magnitude of the electromotive force
E. Width of the polarographic wave

64. The cells of conductive tissue are living, connected to the members of the sieve tubes. Which
structures are characteristic of the above-mentioned features?
A. Companion cells
B. Sclerenchyma
C. Vessels
D. Tracheids
E. Collenchyma

65. What is the mechanism of action of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

A. Changes the degree of dispersity
B. Reduces the activation energy
C. Increases the activation energy
D. Alters the nature of the reactants
E. Does not change the activation energy

66. Ascorutin is used to treat gum bleeding and capillary fragility. Which vitamin is included in the
composition of this medication?
A. C
B. D
C. E
D. K
E. A

67. Ammonia is a highly toxic substance, especially for the nervous system. With which metabolite of
the tricarboxylic acid cycle does ammonia, forming glutamate and glutamine, bind?
A. Fumarate
B. Citrate
C. Malate
D. Succinate
E. α-ketoglutarate

68. A solution of potassium chromate was added to the investigated solution. A yellow precipitate
formed, which dissolved in acetic acid. What cations are indicated by this qualitative reaction?
A. Magnesium
B. Potassium
C. Ammonium
D. Strontium
E. Sodium

69. After physical exertion, a person experiences premature contractions of the heart. What type of
arrhythmia is this?
A. Sinus bradycardia
B. Sinus tachycardia
C. Paroxysmal tachycardia
D. Premature ventricular contractions
E. Ventricular fibrillation

70. What are the reactions and reagents called that allow the determination of specific ions in the
presence of other ions under certain conditions?
A. Selective
B. Characteristic
C. Group
D. Specific
E. General

71. In which plastids does the formation of secondary starch occur?

A. Chromoplasts
B. Chloroplasts
C. Gerontoplasts
D. Amyloplasts
E. Oleoplasts
72. Which of the following compounds, when heated with dehydrating reagents, forms acrolein?
E

73. The hypoglycemic effect of which drug is caused by the stimulation of pancreatic beta cells?
A. Nandrolone
B. Glibenclamide
C. Heparin
D. Prednisolone
E. Epinephrine

74. During surgery with the use of the muscle relaxant tubocurarine, the patient developed
respiratory depression, which was resolved after the administration of physostigmine. What is this
interaction called?
A. Cumulation
B. Tachyphylaxis
C. Antagonism
D. Incompatibility
E. Synergism

75. The leaves of a plant from the Lamiaceae family are ovate, with a serrated edge, darker on the
top than underneath, and have a distinct lemon scent. These are characteristics of which plant?
A. Melissa officinalis
B. Leonurus cardiaca
C. Lamium album
D. Salvia officinalis
E. Mentha piperita

76. What functional groups are present in the cyclic forms of ribose and deoxyribose?
A. Carboxyl
B. Hydroxyl and carboxyl
C. Hydroxyl and aldehyde
D. Aldehyde
E. Hydroxyl

77. A 50-year-old patient with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver complains of dyspeptic
disorders and bleeding from hemorrhoidal veins. During the examination, dilatation of superficial
veins on the anterior abdominal wall and ascites are observed. What pathology do these symptoms
indicate?
A. Enterocolitis
B. Hepatitis
C. Peptic ulcer disease
D. Portal hypertension
E. Intestinal obstruction

78. Extraction is often used during the analysis of medicinal substances. What does the efficiency of
extraction depend on?
A. Mass of the extracted substance
B. Quantity of the extracted substance
C. pH of the solution
D. Temperature
E. Partition coefficient = distribution coefficient

79. What is used for simultaneous removal of the influence of foreign substances, concentration, and
determination of concentration?
A. Refractometry
B. Polarimetry
C. Fluorimetry
D. Extraction-photometric analysis
E. Potentiometry

80. Which of the following structural formulas corresponds to quinoline?

A

81. What is the process called when droplets self-aggregate in emulsions?

A. Coagulation
B. Flotation
C. Coalescence
D. Sedimentation
E. Flocculation

82. If a solution being analyzed reacts with a base and produces a gas that changes the color of moist
litmus paper from red to blue upon heating, what does this color change indicate about the presence
of chemical ions in the solution?
A. Ammonium ions
B. Chloride ions
C. Lead ions
D. Bismuth ions
E. Carbonate ions

83. A patient visited an endocrinologist complaining of nervousness, tachycardia, tremor of the

fingers, sweating, and exophthalmos. What is the most likely cause of this condition?
A. Hyperfunction of the thyroid gland
B. Hyperfunction of the parathyroid gland
C. Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex
D. Hypofunction of the thyroid gland
E. Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex

84. At the end of his shift in the steel workshop, a worker feels lightheaded, and his body
temperature rises to 38.5°C. What condition is observed in this worker?
A. Hyperthermia
B. Fever
C. Decompression
D. Hypothermia
E. Hypertension

85. Alanine is an important substrate for gluconeogenesis in the liver. What is the name of the
reaction in which alanine is formed in skeletal muscles from pyruvate?
A. Decarboxylation
B. Dehydration
C. Transamination
D. Phosphorylation
E. Isomerization

86. Which pharmaceutical preparation is formed as a result of the reaction between salicylic acid and
acetic anhydride?

A. Sodium salicylate
B. Phenyl salicylate
S. Salicylamid
D. Aspirin
E. Benzyl salicylate
87. A 5-year-old patient is prescribed a medication from the group of organic nitrates for the rapid
relief of angina attacks. Identify this medication.
A. Labetalol
B. Nitroglycerin
C. Prazosin
D. Octadin
E. Nifedipine

88. People who are in a building during a fire can experience poisoning from carbon monoxide gas.
What type of hypoxia occurs in this case?
A. Hypoxic
B. Respiratory
C. Hemic
D. Circulatory
E. Tissue

89. During the determination of the antimicrobial activity of drugs, the minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) is established, which is the lowest concentration of the drug that suppresses
microbial growth. What is this?

A. The minimum concentration of the drug that inhibits the biosynthesis of enzymes in the
macroorganism.
B.
C.The minimum concentration of the drug that causes a bactericidal effect.
D. The minimum concentration of the drug that inhibits the growth of the test culture of bacteria.
E. The minimum concentration of the drug that leads to the appearance of selective strains of test
cultures.

90. Plant fatty acids contain an odd number of carbon atoms. What product is formed as a result of
the beta-oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms?

A. Palmitoyl-CoA
B. Acetoacetyl-CoA
C. Propionyl-CoA
D. Stearyl-CoA
E. Oxymethylglutaryl-CoA

91. How does the critical micelle concentration change in homologous series with an increase in the
molecular weight of surfactants?

A. Reaches a maximum and then decreases

B. Does not change
C. Increases
D. Decreases
E. Increases sharply

92. In pharmaceutical practice, the following terms are widely used: asepsis, antisepsis, disinfection,
sterilization. Provide the correct definition for the term "asepsis."
A. Elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in the surrounding environment.
B. Complete destruction of all forms of microorganisms in an object.
C. Use of substances that kill pathogenic microorganisms in the internal environment of the body.
D. Prevention of microbial contamination on any object.
E. Use of substances that kill microorganisms on the skin and mucous membranes.

93. To prevent the development of muscular dystrophy, the doctor prescribed potassium orotate to
the patient. What intermediate product of synthesis is this compound?
A. Cholesterol
B. Ketone bodies
C. Bile acids
D. Pyruvate
E. Pyrimidine nucleotides

94. Fructose is a monosaccharide and an isomer of glucose. It is used in medicine for liver disorders,
dietary purposes, etc. Which of the following structural formulas corresponds to D-fructose?
95. What product is formed as a result of the interaction of aldehydes and ketones with primary
amines?
A. Nitrile
B. Alcohol
C. Azomethine
D. Diazine
E. Thiol

96. Which of the following compounds is a hydroxamic acid?

=C

97. During microscopic examination of plants, parenchymal cells with thin cell walls, large nuclei, and
numerous ribosomes were found. What is the name of this tissue?
A. Parenchyma
B. Meristem
C. Mechanical
D. Secretory
E. Epidermal
98. A patient complaining of edema was found to have proteinuria, arterial hypertension,
hypoalbuminemia, and retention hyperlipidemia during examination. What is the name of this
syndrome?
A. Anemic
B. Uric
C. Urinary
D. Hypertensive
E. Nephrotic

99. The Wassermann reaction in a 25-year-old female patient was positive. Which disease is
diagnosed using this reaction?
A. Diphtheria
B. Tuberculosis
C. Syphilis
D. Leptospirosis
E. Brucellosis

100. What compound is formed as a result of the oxidation of 3-methylpyriline under acidic
conditions?

A. Nicotinic acid
B. Isonicotinic acid
C. Picolinic acid
D. 3-Hydroxypyridine
E. 2-Hydroxypyridine

101. Which cation corresponds to the qualitative reaction of a solution of yellow-green color?
A. Manganese
B. Ammonium
C. Calcium
D. Iron(III)
E. Magnesium

102. Which drugs belong to the ACE inhibitors?

A. Nifedipine, diltiazem
B. Reserpine, rauwolfia
C. Dibazol, papaverine
D. Captopril, enalapril
E. Losartan, irbesartan

103. The doctor prescribed lisinopril to a patient with hypertension. What is the mechanism of action
of this medication?
A. Stimulates β-adrenergic receptors
B. Inhibits ACE
C. Blocks β-adrenergic receptors
D. Blocks α-adrenergic receptors
E. Blocks M-cholinoreceptors

104. Potentiometric analysis methods are based on the utilization of which dependence?
A. Volume of evolved gas from the concentration of the analyzed substance
B. Mass of precipitate from the concentration of the analyzed substance
C. Electromotive force (EMF) of a galvanic cell from the concentration of the analyzed substance
D. Volume of titrant from the concentration of the analyzed substance
E. Current strength from the concentration of the analyzed substance

105. In a patient, blockage of cytochrome oxidase enzyme occurred as a result of cyanide poisoning.
What type of hypoxia develops in this case?
A. Respiratory
B. Circulatory
C. Stagnant
D. Tissue
E. Histotoxic

106. In a patient with a chronic inflammatory process, the concentration of NADPH necessary for the
mechanism of phagocytosis is maintained in the inflammatory focus due to which biochemical
process?
A. Pentose phosphate pathway
B. Uric acid synthesis
C. Ornithine cycle
D. Glycolysis
E. Cori cycle

107. What is the term for the phenomenon when one drug enhances the action of another?
A. Sensitization
B. Abstinence
C. Tachyphylaxis
D. Synergism
E. Antagonism

108. What changes in the leukocyte formula of patients are characteristic for enterobiasis?
A. Eosinophilia
B. Neutrophilia
C. Monocytosis
D. Lymphocytosis
E. Basophilia

109. Enzymes that catalyze phosphorylation reactions in the cell and have the trivial name "kinases"
belong to which class of enzymes?
A. Isomerases
B. Transferases
C. Oxidoreductases
D. Ligases
E. Lyases
110. What substance will be found in the root cap cells when the root tip is exposed to Lugol's
solution?
A. Fatty oils
B. Glycogen
C. Complex proteins
D. Inulin
E. Starch grains

111. People with albinism are poorly tolerant to sunlight: they do not tan, and sunburns appear very
easily. What substance synthesis disorder underlies this phenomenon?
A. Adrenaline
B. Phenylalanine
C. Tyrosine
D. Thyroxine
E. Melanin

112. A dry nonproductive cough developed in a patient with hypertension as a result of the use of
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Which drugs that suppress the renin-angiotensin system
should be prescribed in this case?
A. β-Adrenoblockers
B. Angiotensin receptor antagonists
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Sympatholytics
E. E. Diuretics
113. The plant exhibits fragments of rhizomes. During their microscopic analysis, central xylem
conducting bundles are found in the cross-section. Indicate the class of plants to which these
specimens belong.
A. Algae
B. Monocots
C. Dicots
D. Gymnosperms
E. Ferns

114. During the blood analysis of a five-month-old child, antibodies against measles are detected.
These antibodies are absent at the age of one year. What is the presence of antibodies in the child's
blood determined by?
A. Non-specific resistance
B. Artificial immunity
C. Acquired natural passive immunity
D. Innate immunity
E. Acquired natural active immunity

115. The doctor prescribed metoprolol to the patient, which helped reduce their arterial pressure.
Which pharmacological group does this medication belong to?
A. β-Adrenergic blockers
B. Anticholinergics
C. Muscarinic antagonists
D. α-Adrenergic blockers
E. Sympatholytics
116. A child in a daycare center has contracted measles. What medication should be used to prevent
this disease in contacts?
A. Immunostimulators
B. Antibiotics
C. Measles vaccine
D. Sulfonamides
E. Measles immunoglobulin

117. Which parameter is measured during conductometric titration of electrolyte solutions?

A. Viscosity of the solution
B. Electromotive force
C. Acidity of the medium
D. Electrical conductivity
E. Concentration of the solution

118. Which medical agent is used to treat herpes infection?

A. Gamma globulin
B. Sebin vaccine
C. Acyclovir
D. Tamiflu/Oseltamivir
E. Remantadine

119. Which method for determining the molecular weight of a drug substance is pharmacopoeial?
A. Osmometry
B. Cryometry
C. Nephelometry
D. Viscometry
E. Potentiometry

120. The leaf has 5-7 similar veins that repeatedly branch. What type of venation is observed in this
case?
A. Palmate-lobed
B. Palmate-reticulate
C. Arcuate
D. Parallel
E. Pinnate-reticulate

121. In which coordinates is the calibration graph plotted for quantitative determination of copper
salts using photometric methods?
A. Optical density - wavelength
B. Optical density - concentration
C. Optical density - thickness of the layer
D. Light absorption intensity - wavelength
E. Optical density – temperature

122. What will be the order of the reaction if one of the reactants participating in a bimolecular
reaction is taken in excess?
A. Third
B. Determined by the excess reactant
C. Greater than the molecularity
D. Equal to the molecularity
E. Pseudo-first-order

123. Which of the following compounds belongs to condensed arenes?

124. A 30-year-old female patient complains of frequent nosebleeds. Objectively, the following is
observed: pallor of the skin, dystrophic changes in the nails, dry and brittle hair. The complete blood
count reveals: erythrocytes - 2.9 × 10^12/L; hemoglobin - 70 g/L; hematocrit - 0.5; serum iron - 5
μmol/L; leukocytes - 6.0 × 10^9/L, presence of ringed sideroblasts, poikilocytosis, microcytosis. What
type of anemia is observed in the patient?
A. Minkowski-Shoffar anemia
B. Iron-deficiency anemia
C. B12 and folate deficiency anemia
D. Hemolytic anemia
E. Sickle cell anemia

125. Which hormone affects blood glucose levels and is produced in the pancreatic gland?
125. Which hormone affects blood glucose levels and is produced in the pancreatic gland?
A. ACTH
B. Testosterone
C. Aldosterone
D. Somatostatin
E. Insulin

126. What type of primary tissue (by function) is characteristic of above-ground organs of succulent
plants, particularly cacti?
A. Water-storing (hydrochlorenchyma)
B. Collenchyma
C. Spongy parenchyma
D. Aerenchyma (air-containing parenchyma)
E. Starch-storing parenchyma
127. At which stage does the esterification reaction occur in the provided scheme of
transformations?

A.1
B.5
C.2
D.3
E.4

128. What is the leading link in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis?

A. Autoallergy
B. Premature activation of trypsin, chymotrypsin
C. Arterial hypertension
D. Atherosclerosis of pancreatic blood vessels
E. Impaired trophism of exocrine pancreatic cells

129. Administration of adrenaline into the body leads to an increase in blood glucose levels. Which
process is primarily activated in this case?
A. Glycogen breakdown
B. Glycogen synthesis
C. Ethanol fermentation
D. Pentose phosphate pathway
E. Fatty acid synthesis

130. Meristematic tissue is located in the conductive bundles of the stem between the primary
phloem and secondary xylem. Identify this tissue.
A. Dermatogen
B. Pericycle
C. Procambium
D. Phellogen
E. Cambium

131. Which structure plays a major role in the formation of lateral roots?
A. Cambium
B. Apical meristem
C. Intercalary meristem
D. Procambium
E. Pericycle
132. After sowing a urine (pus) specimen on ascitic agar, transparent round colonies are observed.
Microscopic examination reveals gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. Which pathogen is
identified during the study?
A. Streptococcus
B. Meningococcus
C. Micrococcus
D. Pneumococcus
E. Gonococcus

133. A 14-year-old girl with hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and polyuria shows autoimmune damage to
pancreatic β-cells. What type of diabetes mellitus is present in the girl?
A. Non-sugar
B. Fourth type
C. Second type
D. Third type
E. First type

134. What is the substance that is unable to bind oxygen, formed as a result of oxidation of Fe2+ to
Fe3+ by oxides in the heme molecule of hemoglobin?
A. Carboxyhemoglobin
B. Carbhemoglobin
C. Deoxyhemoglobin
D. Methemoglobin
E. Oxyhemoglobin

135. One of the methods of treating methanol poisoning is the administration of ethanol in
quantities that produce intoxication similar to that caused by methanol. Why is this method
effective?
A. Ethanol competes with methanol for the active site of alcohol dehydrogenase.
B. Ethanol is metabolized faster than methanol.
C. Ethanol inactivates alcohol dehydrogenase.
D. Ethanol suppresses diffusion.
E. Ethanol blocks the cofactor binding site of methanol dehydrogenase.

136. The molecule of isatin contains a ketone group.

Which reagent can be used to prove it?

A. NH2OH (hydroxylamine)
B. CHC(0)Cl (acetyl chloride)
C. NalICO3 (sodium iodide)
D. NaOH (sodium hydroxide)
E. [Ag(NH3)₂]OH (silver-ammonia complex)
137. A 33-year-old female patient is hospitalized in a psychiatric ward with neurotic anxiety disorder.
Which medication is indicated for the patient?
A. Diazepam
B. Levodopa
C. Valerian extract
D. Naloxone
E. Droperidol

138. People from various professions, including healthcare workers, are considered to be at
occupational risk of HIV infection. What is the most likely mechanism of their infection?
A. Parenteral
B. Airborne droplet
C. Fecal-oral
D. Airborne dust
E. Transmissive

139. Under the influence of which reagent does methylamine react with methyl chloride to form
dimethylamine?

A. O2
B. Br2
C. HCI
D. N2
E. NaOH
140. The hard shells of nuts and cherry pits are due to the deposition of a specific substance in the
cell wall. Identify this substance.
A. Silica
B. Lignin
C. Suberin
D. Calcium carbonate
E. Chitin

141. How will the rate of the chemical reaction 2NO(g) + O2(g) -> 2NO2(g) change if the pressure
increases threefold?
A. It will not change
B. It will decrease by three times
C. It will increase by 27 times
D. It will decrease by 27 times
E. It will increase threefold

142. An inhibitor of fibrinolysis was used to stop postpartum bleeding. Name this medication.
A. Calcium chloride
B. Aminocaproic acid
C. Thrombin
D. Heparin
E. Hemostatic sponge

143. A patient with a diagnosis of malaria is admitted to the infectious disease department. Which
mode of transmission is characteristic of this disease?
A. Fecal-oral
B. Transmissive
C. Contact
D. Airborne droplet
E. Contact-household

144. Which medication should be prescribed in case of overdose of depolarizing neuromuscular

blockers?
A. Proserine
B. Unithiol
C. Magnesium sulfate
D. Naloxone
E. Metoprolol

145. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas with hypoglycemic effects. What is its chemical
nature?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Steroid
C. Lipid
D. Polypeptide
E. Nucleotide vu

146. During the systematic analysis of a cation mixture, iron(III) cations can be determined by a
fractional method. Which reagent should be used for this?
A. Nitric acid
B. Hydrochloric acid
C. Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)
D. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
E. Potassium chloride

147. Which of the following compounds has the strongest basic properties?
=E

148. The patient, 34 years old, who suffers from bronchitis and has a dry non-productive persistent
cough, was prescribed a centrally acting antitussive. Identify this medication.
A. Mukaltin
B. Ambroxol
C. Plaucin
D. Bromhexine
E. Acetylcysteine
149. What is formed when gelatin is dissolved in water at an elevated temperature?
A. Emulsion
B. Suspension
C. Molecular solution
D. Fragile xerogel
E. Elastic xerogel

150. The source of infectious diseases can be both humans and animals. What are the infections
called that affect animals and can be transmitted to humans?
A. Zoonoses
B. Mixed infections
C. Sapronoses
D. Zooanthroponoses
E. Anthropozoonoses