5

Fighter Answer Key

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

 TASK TYPE 1 Map/Plan/Diagram Labelling

ANSWER KEY D Skills-building exercises

4 02
A About the task
1 Answers
Answers a 1 b 3 c 4 d 2 e 5
1 Classmate B
2 Classmate B 5 02
3 Classmate A
4 Classmate A
5 Classmate B Answers
1 B the focus of this first room is the world’s
oceans.
B Sample questions 2 B I suggest going into the one on the right
first. This is room is devoted to the world’s
2 01 highest places
3 A Here the emphasis is on the world’s
Answers coldest environments,
1 E The first building we come to on our left ... 4 B Here the displays deal with the areas on
the offices of the university registry. either side of the equator, and particularly the
2 I ... the new library was built on the other side rainforest.
of the river. 5 A Here we look in detail at the world’s driest
3 F Now, looking to our right, we pass the places
university theatre.
4 H the restaurant which is situated opposite
Audioscript 2
the Faculty of Law on this side of the river.
5 C ahead of us, just beyond the fountain, we When you enter the exhibition, you begin in Room 1. The
can see the Faculty of Medicine. exhibition is divided into different rooms according to the
6 A At the fountain, we turn left ... and we pass branch of science that it focuses on. On the first floor, the
the university car park on our left. focus is on Earth Sciences and there are five rooms, each
dealing with a different aspect of this theme from rainforest
ecology to polar exploration, but the focus of the first room is
Audioscript 01
the world’s oceans. There are various interactive displays, and
Hello and welcome to this audio tour of the university the one on coral reefs is not to be missed.
campus. Our tour today begins at the Main Gate. The Leaving this first room, you walk into a corridor and here you
gatehouse dates back to the year 1600 and has always been have a choice of rooms to go into next. I suggest going into
the main entrance to the university site, even if in those the one on the right first. This room is devoted to the world’s
days there were only a few hundred students in two or highest places and there is a very interesting video on the
three buildings. effects of altitude on the human body.
The first building we come to on our left also dates from Returning to the corridor, you should then cross into the room
1600. Today in this building you’ll find the offices of the directly opposite. Here the emphasis is on the world’s coldest
university registry, which handles enrolments and other environments, and the interactive display showing the effects
administrative matters. It was originally built as the of climate change and global warming on these hostile
university library, however, and fulfilled that role until 1955, environments is well worth a visit.
when the new library was built on the other side of the river.
You should leave this room by the door on the far side, which
Now looking to our right, we pass the university theatre. will take you through to the next room. Here the displays deal
This is the place where important ceremonies like with the areas on either side of the equator, and particularly
graduation day are held, as well as concerts and other public the rainforest. Here, an exhibition of research into the
events. This building was built in 1993 on the site of the old diversity of species these areas support is fascinating.
Dining Room, which was sadly destroyed by fire. Students
Leaving this room, you find yourself back in the main corridor,
can now eat in the restaurant, which is situated opposite
on the other side of which is our last room on this floor. Here
the Faculty of Law on this side of the river.
we look in detail at the world’s driest places and you can see
We are now entering the university’s main teaching blocks, a fascinating video about how plant species have learnt to
all of which were built in the late 20th century. The Faculty make the most of scarce water resources in an environment
of Life Sciences is on our right, and opposite that we see without rivers and lakes.
the Faculty of Arts, whilst ahead of us, just beyond the
fountain, we can see the Faculty of Medicine.
At the fountain, we turn left, and we soon come to the main
accommodation blocks on our right, where the students
now live, and we pass the university car park on our left.
Which brings us finally to the back gate, where you should
turn right and walk down towards the river, where our tour
ends at the boathouse.

2 LISTENING
 TASK TYPE 1 Map/Plan/Diagram Labelling

6 03
VIDEO: Eco-detectives

Answers Before you watch

1 G Well, the first room to our right is the 7
general astronomy one, so we could make a
start in there. Answers
2 A … and opposite that it’s the Big Bang Theory. coffee machine: kitchen
3 D Then, there’s a room at the end that’s dishwasher: kitchen
about manned spaceflight. DVD player: living room
4 C Well, two of them are closed today – like food mixer: kitchen
the second one on the left – but the one next fridge freezer: kitchen
to it on the same side has got an exhibition hair dryer: bedroom, bathroom
about space exploration. kettle: kitchen
toaster: kitchen
5 E … the one on the opposite side of the
TV: living room, bedroom
corridor to that’s got an exhibition about the
VCR: living room
planet Mars …
washing machine: kitchen or laundry room
water heater: kitchen, bathroom
Audioscript 03 Possible other appliances: microwave, oven/cooker,
vacuum cleaner, tumble dryer, air conditioning unit,
M: Right, so let’s look at the guidebook. We’re on the electric heater, dehumidifier, fan
second floor and this is staircase 1.
F: There it is – we must be here.
M: OK. So what shall we go and see first?
F: Well, we’ve got various things on this floor – there’s a While you watch
room about space exploration, a room about astronomy
in general, a room about the Big Bang theory and then 9
one about the planet Mars. But I also want to see the Answers
exhibitions on the next floor – so we shouldn’t take too
1 F more than half
long.
2 T
M: OK, so where shall we start?
F: Well, the first room to our right is the general
3 F it’s all about how efficiently we use it
astronomy one, so we could make a start in there. (energy)
M: OK – and opposite that it’s the Big Bang theory. 4 F Vampire loads can cost a lot of money as
F: That’s right. So it would be good to take in that one well as wasting electricity
afterwards. Then, there’s a room at the end that’s about 5 T
manned spaceflight. We should finish there, because 6 T
there’s another staircase going up from that room.
M: Good idea. So what’s in the rooms on either side of the 10
corridor before you get to the room at the end?
F: Well, two of them are closed today – like the second Answers
one on the left – but the one next to it on the same side 1 energy-eating monster: modern American
has got an exhibition about space exploration – maybe houses that are not energy efficient / that use
that’s the one to miss if we haven’t got much time. a huge amount of energy
M OK. But the one on the opposite side of the corridor to 2 eco-detective: professionals who can investigate
that’s got an exhibition about the planet Mars – I wouldn’t and analyse where your house wastes power
want to miss that. So shall we do things in that order 3 innocent-looking thing: an appliance that
then? doesn’t look as if it is using much power or
F: Good plan. that it isn’t efficient, but actually is consuming
M: Great, let’s go. energy
4 vampire loads: the power used by appliances
on ‘stand-by’ i.e. they are actually on all of the
time even though you aren’t using them
5 good old common sense: practical things like
switching off lights when you leave a room
6 the climate problem: climate change / global
warming

LISTENING 3
 TASK TYPE 1 Map/Plan/Diagram Labelling

Videoscript only thing I’m not happy about here at the moment is that
we’ve got three doors in the kitchen and I feel that’s wast-
This house is a typical, three-bedroom home in a nice ing a lot of space. So we’re not sure what to do about that.
suburban neighbourhood. But lurking beneath this innocent Anyway, so off to the right you have the stairs and I really
facade is an energy-eating monster. Houses and buildings love the way you can look outside onto the courtyard as you
account for more than half of all energy consumption in the go up the stairs. Those tanks you can see are for rainwater
United States. And many homes waste more energy than storage; we’ll collect the rain from the roof. OK, so, staying
they actually use. Environmental visionary, Amory Lovins, downstairs for the moment, we’ve got a little bathroom and
has brought a team of eco-detectives to investigate the next to that is the office … here we are … and this is sort
Cohen house. of the most exciting room in the whole house because it’s
‘This innocent looking thing here, when it is on, eats a where the control panel for all the electrical stuff is. You see
whole lot of money. When I feel this much cold on the … you can regulate the water and the heating, switch off all
outside of the freezer, the insulation is really not as thick the appliances when they aren’t being used and that’s the
as we would, as we would like. Oh, what have we here? … hmm, I’m not sure what those switches there do. Let’s
Climate change is a problem we don’t need to have and it’s go and find the builder and ask him.
cheaper not to.’
Lovins demonstrates that we needn’t give up the
conveniences we want – a warm room or a cold drink – in IELTS PRACTICE TASK 1 05
order to save energy. It’s all about how efficiently we use it.
‘I think once people understand that climate protection
puts money back in your pocket because you don’t have to Answers
buy all that fuel, political resistance is going to melt faster 1 E M: So they’re not as wide as those on a
than glaciers. Do you see that little red light down in the
normal bike.
corner? And you’d be surprised by just how much energy
your home is wasting, even while you sleep. If you have F: completely smooth as well as being
all kinds of appliances, you know, your TV, your VCR, your very narrow?
DVD, etc. that have that little light on, yes, they’re using 2 G these ones are made of a special alloy, so
electricity. It’s called vampire loads. 109 watts, almost $60 there’s hardly any weight in them at all
a year, just sitting there turned off. If every household in the 3 H F: And what about the other metal parts,
US did away with their vampire loads, we could eliminate a like the frame?
minimum of 18 coal-burning power plants.’ M: Well, he hasn’t gone for new material
Lovins leads by example. He designed his own home in there – he’s used some pieces from other
Aspen, Colorado. He employs a mix of high technology and bicycles that he’d used in the past.
good old common sense. ‘We’re at 7,100 feet here. It can go
4 B M: the gears themselves are ordinary ones
to -47F, and get frost any day of the year, and we can get 39
days of continuous mid-winter cloud.’ F: What, the sort you find on a normal bike?
Winters are extremely cold here, but Lovins’ house doesn’t 5 D No, he made them out of an old saucepan.
need a furnace. The house gets all the electricity it needs
from the solar panels on the roof. And there’s energy to
spare! The entire house runs on 120 watts. That’s just
Audioscript 05
slightly more electricity than a single light bulb uses. You will hear a conversation in which two friends are
‘Energy efficiency is the biggest, fastest, cheapest way to talking about a racing bicycle.
solve the climate problem, to save money, and to make a
M: Did you read about the man who built himself a bike so
safer, richer, fairer, cooler world.’
that he could attempt a world speed record?
F: Really? That sounds fantastic – what did he build it
After you watch from?
12 04 M: All sorts of stuff … Look – I’ve got the picture here.
F: Right. Oh, I like the position he’s in – very aerodynamic.
M: Yeah.
Answers
F: The wheels are quite small.
1 E 2 I 3 D 4 B 5 F M: Yeah – they’re not made from recycled material. He
wanted to minimise contact with the road because that
Audioscript 04 causes friction, which slows you down. So they’re not
as wide as those on a normal bike.
So, as you can see, it’s not quite finished yet, but you can
get a good idea of what it’s going to look like. The front door F: And are the tyres completely smooth as well as being
has big glass panels so that we’ll get lots of light right to the very narrow?
end of the hall – the panels are double-glazed so we won’t M: Yes, that’s right.
be losing any heat. Then the whole length of the south side F: And the pedals are really high up at the back.
is the living room, that’s on the left here. The living room M: Yeah. His shoes are fixed into place so that he can really
doors are going to be sliding glass doors, so again we’ll get some power going.
get lots of natural light coming from there. Let’s go in, just F: What are the pedals made of? I’m sure the weight of
through here … oops, be careful where you walk. Those are things like that must be an issue if you need to cycle at
the boxes from the solar panels. They’re on the roof above speed.
the south-facing part of the house and if everything works M: It is – but these ones are made of a special alloy, so
as it should do, we’ll be able to run the whole house from there’s hardly any weight in them at all.
them – that’s all the hot water, lights, appliances. It’s going F: Brilliant. And what about the other metal parts, like the
to save us a fortune in electricity bills. Anyway, I think this frame?
room is going to be really nice, looking out on the garden M: Well, he hasn’t gone for new material there – he’s used
and the vegetable plot. This end of the living room connects some pieces from other bicycles that he’d used in the
to the kitchen so we’ll put a nice big dining table and chairs past.
here, and then the kitchen leads into the laundry room. The

4 LISTENING
 TASK TYPE 1 Map/Plan/Diagram Labelling

F: Oh right. And has he designed the gears specially? It We’ve got several big screens around the track so that
looks like he’s got two chains there – one going to the spectators can view the action and one of the screen
pedals and the other going to the back wheel. operators has asked for assistance. So if you end up
M: That’s right – that’s his adaptation, but the gears volunteering to help with the screen … from the starting
themselves are ordinary ones. point, you keep right, all the way up the east side of
F: What, the sort you find on a normal bike? the map, until you get to that loop at the top, and that’s
M: Yeah, apparently. The only thing he doesn’t have is a where the screen is – with the forest to the west of you.
saddle to sit on. A bit of technical know-how is what’s needed here so if
F: Well, he’s not really sitting, is he? But he is resting his that’s you, please let us know.
We need volunteers for the signal station as this is
stomach and shoulders on something.
where the majority of accidents tend to happen. You can
M: That’s right. But the bits he’s resting on aren’t made of
see just below the centre of the map that there are three
particularly soft material. sharp bends in the road – in a row – where the track
F: Really? goes up the steepest hill of the race. The signal station is
M: No, he made them out of an old saucepan. located there, just above the winding track.
F: Must be a bit hard! Finally, we need some volunteers for a spectator stand.
M: You can say that again. So what are his chances of Sometimes we get over-enthusiastic supporters getting
breaking this record? a bit too close to the track and so we need to encourage
F: Oh, I don’t really know, but by all accounts ... them to remain on the stand. It’s pretty straightforward
to get there. From the starting point, head up the track
ELTS PRACTICE TASK 2 06 until it divides, then take the track heading west and the
spectator stand is there on the first corner – it’s actually
Answers got a view of two tracks running either side of it.
1 F 4 A Well, if you have any further questions, I’ll be happy to
2 B 5 G answer ...
3 H 6 I

Audioscript 06
You will hear the organiser of a mountain bike race
talking to a group of people who have offered to help at
the event.
Hi. Thanks for coming along today. This is the tenth annual
mountain bike race we’ve held here, and this year we have
a record number of competitors – just over 3,000. So, thank
you for volunteering to help. Without you, the race just
wouldn’t be possible.
OK, there are different points around the race track where
we need volunteers to go. Look at the bottom of the map
and you can see where the race starts. Not far from here
are the medical facilities for racers and spectators – and
we certainly need help here. To get there from the starting
point, head up the track – you can see that the track then
divides left and right – you want the track on the right –
go up there and then take the first left, and the medical
facilities are the first building you come to.
We’ll also need quite a few volunteers to hand out water.
The water station is quite a distance from the starting point.
Look towards the top of your map – you can see the forest
marked out there. On the left of the forest – a little further
down – is the water station. It’s the building on the north
side of the track.
Now, some of the competitors are not doing the full race.
They’re taking part in what we call the Easy Riders race ...
though it’s still a challenge, for sure. We need volunteers at
the Easy Riders finish point to make sure these competitors
get off the track safely and store their bikes in the right
place. See where the lake is near the bottom of the map?
You’ve got two places marked out either side of the lake.
The location of the finish point is to the west of the lake,
OK? Just make sure they get off the track as quickly as
possible.

LISTENING 5
 TASK TYPE 2 Multiple Choice (with more than one answer)
stuff safely. Anyone staying with us over the break may
ANSWER KEY need to change rooms while the work’s going on – but we’ll
try to limit the inconvenience. The bathrooms on each floor
A About the task will be redecorated at the same time.
In the longer term, we hope to upgrade the shared laundry
1 facilities on each floor, but a date is yet to be fixed for the
Answers installation of new washing machines, irons and ironing
boards – so apologies in the meantime if some of the
1 No. Sometimes there’s only one.
equipment in those areas is unreliable.
2 No. Only two are correct.
3 No. They are in random order. Secondly, a few reminders about what’s included in your
4 Yes, that’s right. rental agreement and what you have to pay extra for. Your
5 Yes, that’s right. room will be cleaned on a weekly basis, but if you want
extra cleaning – like more than once a week – this can be
arranged on payment of a supplement.
B Sample questions If you feel cold, extra bedding is available. There is a small
charge for this, however, to cover the cost of laundry.
2 07 Electricity is included in your rent, but we would ask you
to use it sparingly please, like turning lights off when you
Answers leave a room, to keep costs down. It also makes good
environmental sense to do that.
1 B/C The main entrance has been redesigned
to provide better security. Then, if you’ve applied for a parking place for a car or a
2 C/B These have been installed as part of the motorcycle, you should have received an invoice. Once you
general refurbishment of the cooking and pay that, you’ll receive a card to open the automatic barrier.
eating areas There are no assigned parking places, but the number of
cards issued is limited, so you should always find a place.
3 C/D Your room will be cleaned on a weekly
basis, but if you want extra cleaning – like And lastly, do take care of your key. Lost or mislaid keys will
more than once a week – this can be be replaced, but we have to charge a fee for that, I’m afraid
arranged on payment of a supplement. – so do try not to get locked out.
4 D/C Electricity is included in your rent, but And that brings me to my last point: what to do if you have
we would ask you to use it sparingly please problems. There is a student representative on each floor
5 A/E Any instances of theft, or suspected who should be your first point of call for most problems.
theft if things go missing is more serious, Serious problems should be reported to the manager,
however, and the office should be informed in however. For example, if any of the appliances in the kitchen
writing. isn’t working properly, tell your student representative and
6 E/A if you have any difficulties with he or she will sort it out for you. Similarly, if you fall out with
your neighbours about noise levels or whose stuff is whose
people working for us, whether cleaners,
in the fridge, then hopefully this can be resolved without
administrators or whoever, the sooner we
the management getting involved. Any instances of theft,
know about the issues, the better from
or suspected theft if things go missing is more serious,
everybody’s point of view. however, and the office should be informed in writing. The
same applies if you have any difficulties with people working
Audioscript 07 for us, whether cleaners, administrators or whoever,
the sooner we know about the issues, the better from
Hello, welcome to Broadfields Student Residence. Before
everybody’s point of view. One thing we can’t help with is
we get on with the business of showing you to your rooms,
technical problems with the computer network. Every room
there are a few general points I’d like to go through.
has an internet connection and there’s a number to ring if
Firstly, those of you who have visited us before will notice you have problems – don’t call us, call the experts!
that there have been quite a few changes over the long
So if there are no further… [fade]
vacation, and more upgrading of the facilities is planned
throughout the year.
The main entrance has been redesigned to provide better
security. There’s now an electronic gate in place, for which
you will be given a security code, as well as an entry-phone
system on each floor, so that you can let visitors in. Please
only give access to people you know, however, as the gate
will only be staffed during office hours. You’ll find the entry-
phone located in the shared kitchen in each block. These
have been installed as part of the general refurbishment of
the cooking and eating areas, which now have a full oven as
well as a microwave and new fridges.
Now, all of the study bedrooms are going to be redecorated
over the winter break. This will mean that you need to clear
your rooms and pack up your stuff for those two weeks, I’m
afraid, but there will be a room where you can leave your

6 LISTENING
 TASK TYPE 2 Multiple Choice (with more than one answer)

D Skills-building exercises 8 09
4
Answers Answers
a a teacher 1 D F: Actually it will make everybody think
b a guest speaker twice before behaving anti-socially.
c note two pieces of information M: You’ve got a point there. I guess it’ll
have an effect on all of us.
2 A M: I think the idea is actually to protect
5
us, which I guess is fair enough.
Answers F: There’s no doubt in my mind that they
1 C do make the place safer
2 B
3 A
4 E 9 09
5 D
Answers
6 08 I would dispute that actually.
That’s hardly true in this case.
I wouldn’t be so sure actually.
Answers You’ve got a point there.
E the topic which is very relevant to what we’ve There’s no doubt in my mind that …
been studying this semester. The speaker’s There’s no denying that …
going to be reporting on recent research into
the effects of the Internet on the publishing
industry
Audioscript 09
A the talk is being held in the Library, in M: So I hear that the college is going to put CCTV cameras
Seminar Room 1 all over the campus.
Information in options B, C and D is not given. F: Really? They already have them in some places, like at
the main entrance and in the car park – you can see
them.
Audioscript 08 M: Yeah – I know, but this is different. These are going
to be concealed cameras, so that people won’t know
Now, some news about a visiting speaker who’s coming to where they are. I don’t like that idea. It feels like there’s
the college next week. Although this isn’t actually part of somebody looking over your shoulder all the time. I
your course, it’s an event that you certainly shouldn’t miss think it’s a real invasion of privacy.
because of the topic which is very relevant to what we’ve F: I would dispute that actually. CCTV cameras are a good
been studying this semester. The speaker’s going to be thing on the whole because they act as a deterrent to
reporting on recent research into the effects of the Internet criminals – you know anyone thinking of breaking into a
on the publishing industry – with particular reference car or stealing a bag thinks twice about it if they know
to newspapers and magazines. I haven’t yet seen the there are cameras about.
biography of the speaker, whose name isn’t familiar to me, M: Well – that’s hardly true in this case. CCTV cameras
but I’m hoping to get hold of that for you by tomorrow. I’ll discourage criminals if they can see them. But if
put that online. nobody knows that they’re there, then it doesn’t have
So, some other details: the talk’s going to be held in the the same effect.
Library, in Seminar Room 1 and will start at two fifteen on F: I wouldn’t be so sure actually. I mean if everybody
Monday afternoon. Now some people have asked about knows that they are there, but not where they are
the entrance fee and whether it is necessary to sign up in exactly – that’s even more of a deterrent to crime.
advance. Well, happily this event is free for college students Actually it will make everybody think twice before
and it isn’t possible to book – so I’d advise getting there behaving anti-socially.
early if you want to get a seat. Hopefully, a transcript of M: You’ve got a point there. I guess it’ll have an effect on
the talk will also be available after the event, but that’s all of us. Although I don’t think that’s the intention. I
something else I’ll need to confirm. think the idea is actually to protect us, which I guess is
fair enough.
7 F: There’s no doubt in my mind that they do make the
Answers place safer – especially at night. And, like, if there’s
an accident or whatever, then having CCTV footage
1 A 2 D 3 A 4 D certainly makes it easier to see whose fault it was.
5 D 6 A 7 A 8 A M: There’s no denying that they help in that sort of
9 A 10 D situation – but I’m still not keen on the idea of having
them all over the campus. They should at least tell
those of us who live here where they are.
F: Well, I guess we’ll find out in time, won’t we?
M: Probably.

LISTENING 7
 TASK TYPE 2 Multiple Choice (with more than one answer)

tested in the right environment.’ For Cory Roeseler, the right

VIDEO: Kiteboarding environment seems to be the Columbia River Gorge. For
him, it’s the right place to live, and the right place to find
While you watch adventure with his new water sports. According to Roeseler,
11 life sometimes seems almost too good to be true. ‘Living
in the area is so wonderful that it’s like being in a dream.’
Answers He also adds that he and his friends are happy that they’re
1 a cold, winter’s day, not warm, windy not going to wake up one day and find out that it’s gone.
2 kiteboarding It’s seems like they want every day to be a watersports
3 it gives the lift or lifting power to allow him to adventure.
fly
4 yes IELTS PRACTICE TASK 1 10

12 Answers
Answers 1 C M: Subscribers can learn who’s reading
what, when and why – far more
1 A, E
quickly than through conventional
2 C, E
citation analysis.
F: And a huge bibliography of hundreds
of articles can be achieved within
Videoscript minutes. I used to waste hours doing
It’s a cold winter’s day in the Columbia River Gorge. ‘Can’t that.
believe what blue sky we’ve got today. It’s beautiful.’ 2 D M: That’s right. As a scientist, I always
It may not be warm, but for Cory Roeseler, the wind makes dreamt of cataloguing my research
it a perfect day. To most people, the very cold wind would library in the same way as I organise
feel uncomfortable. However it gives Roeseler a different my music in iTunes.
feeling. ‘Feels like power. Feel some wind. It’s going to be
F: And basically, Mendeley provides
good today.’ But good for what?
‘OK, let’s go sailing.’ Cory Roeseler doesn’t just fly kites on software similar to iTunes, which
windy winter days; Roeseler flies with them. 30-year-old allows you to manage and annotate
Roeseler was one of the first people to really experience research documents and compile
the sport of kiteboarding. He uses a kite to catch the power bibliographies.
of the wind. But what is kiteboarding like? How does it 3 E M: For me, the only downside is that it
feel? ‘It’s a sort of rolly, wavy free feeling, where you know doesn’t directly promote the ‘open
at any moment, you can just launch off the water for a access’ model of scientific publishing,
few seconds and fly.’ Roeseler says that the power of the though – you know, where anyone
wind in a kite can be like a bird moving its wings. The lifting can read research papers for free.
power, or lift, of both things can overcome gravity and
Instead, when users find a paper in
allows both to fly.
Wind power is something that’s easily found in the the Mendeley database and want to
Columbia River Gorge, which divides the states of download it, they’re directed to the
Washington and Oregon. It’s one of the best places in the publisher’s website and still need to
world to kiteboard. However, for inventor Cory Roeseler, the pay for it.
gorge is more than just a place to have fun. It’s a place to F: That’s true.
try his new inventions. 4 B F: For me, the only drawback was
Roeseler has always loved watersports. When he was a that I did find it occasionally
teenager, he was the first person to test pilot, or try out, failed to extract information from
the sport of waterskiing with a kite, or kite-skiing. Later, he the thousand or so papers that I
became a mechanical engineer. In the 1990s, he invented
imported, but having said that - it was
and designed a lot of watersports equipment. Eventually, he
became famous in the area of watersports. largely successful.
Now, Roeseler is ready to test pilot his newest invention for M: Yes, I noticed that too.
playing with the wind, and he’s asked his friends for some
help. It’s a new kind of wakeboarding boat, with a sail. ‘The
sail’s going to stabilise us so we don’t tip over.’ ‘Why are you
nervous?’ ‘I’ve never seen anything like that before. So it’s a
little freaky.’
But what makes Roeseler’s boat so different? In recent
years, more people have started using towers for
wakeboarding. This allows them to place the rope higher.
This gives more lift to the wakeboarder and makes it easier
to jump in the air. It’s also easier on the body. Roeseler’s
tower is seventeen feet off the water. That’s six feet higher
than other wakeboarding boats. The higher rope allows the
wakeboarder to jump even higher than before. Roeseler has
also added a sail to stabilise the tower and the wakeboarder.
The new invention works. ‘Nice! It works, though, it’s nuts. I
didn’t think it would.’
And Roeseler’s opinion? ‘I’m a little more confident but,
we’ll see. It’s got to go on a big wakeboard boat and get

8 LISTENING
 TASK TYPE 2 Multiple Choice (with more than one answer)

Audioscript 10 IELTS PRACTICE TASK 2 11

F: So are you finding the website called Mendeley useful?
I always think it’s like the sort of sites you get for photo
Answers
sharing and social networking, only it’s for academics.
M: That’s right. As a scientist, I always dreamt of 1/2 A/D in either order
cataloguing my research library in the same way as I A we … put up two additional buildings in
organise my music in iTunes. 1995
F: And basically, Mendeley provides software similar D because we have such a large number of
to iTunes, which allows you to manage and annotate separate exhibitions – seventeen in total
research documents and compile bibliographies. 3/4 C/D in either order
M: That’s right. It extracts data from members about the C I do advise you to go along and see our
papers they’re reading and organises this information earliest exhibit of two-wheeled transportation
for sale to other people. Subscribers can learn who’s – I think you’ll be astonished by how clever
reading what, when and why – far more quickly than the very first bicycles were
through conventional citation analysis. D what we do have is a very early train. It’s
F: And a huge bibliography of hundreds of articles can be steam-powered and ...
achieved within minutes. I used to waste hours doing 5/6 A/C in either order
that. A no cigarettes or tobacco at all – the whole
M: Yeah – it couldn’t be easier. You simply drop a PDF museum is smoke-free
document into its library; it does the hard work of
C so walking only please, no rushing about
gathering information about the contents, and flagging
7/8 B/D in either order
key attributes such as who wrote it, what it’s about and
so on.
B invite some experts in one particular field
F: Yes, that’s why Mendeley’s seen such tremendous of transportation to come in and give talks to
growth since its launch in 2008. Today its libraries visitors
contain more than 250 million documents, making it D we are very aware that at present there’s
one of the world’s largest academic databases. not enough focus on transportation at sea, so
M: Because it’s a key aspect of scholarship, isn’t it, reading that’s something we intended to develop very
all the literature, citing other people’s papers in your soon.
own work to show that your study’s grounded. So it
must fill a real gap in the market.
M: Whose idea was it? Audioscript 11
F: Three PhD students in Germany hit upon the idea You will hear a guide talking to a group of people who
in 2008 because they were struggling to organise are visiting a transport museum.
hundreds of research papers. They thought, you
know, ‘Why are there all these cool, fun and helpful Morning everyone, and welcome to the transport museum.
I’m sure you’re going to really enjoy seeing all our exhibits.
applications in other fields but not in science?’
Well, first, some information about the museum itself.
M: Yeah – and rather like recommendations on Amazon,
Back in 1975 we had the idea to create a museum of this
Mendeley has a ‘suggest’ feature. It can be unnervingly kind but it took another ten years before we’d constructed
good at finding articles, often ones I’ve missed using this building and were ready to welcome visitors. And the
my rather random methods. museum was immediately a huge hit with people of all
F: Yeah. While people ‘network’ with other scientists by ages. It was soon obvious that we needed more space, so
attending meetings or joining email discussion groups, we bought more land and put up two additional buildings in
Mendeley achieves a social network based, instead, on 1995 – almost doubling our size, which makes us one of the
the research papers you’re interested in. It’s an ability largest museums of this kind in the country. The museum
that simply wasn’t previously available to us scientists. was closed for a time in 2005 to install new fire prevention
M: That’s true. For me, the only downside is that it doesn’t and safety equipment but otherwise we’ve operated
directly promote the ‘open access’ model of scientific continuously until the present day. Last year we had the
publishing, though – you know, where anyone can read highest number of visitors ever – just over 100,000 – and
research papers for free. Instead, when users find a this year we’re expecting even more. But it seldom feels
paper in the Mendeley database and want to download crowded here, even with so many people, because we have
it, they are directed to the publisher’s website and still such a large number of separate exhibitions – seventeen in
need to pay for it. total – covering the development of transportation over a
F: That’s true – although the basic service is free of period of more than 500 years.
charge. For me, the only drawback was that I did find So, we obviously have something for everyone and
it occasionally failed to extract information from the whatever your particular interests in terms of transportation,
I’m sure you’ll find something fascinating here. But based
thousand or so papers that I imported, but having said
on past experience, there are a couple of exhibitions I’d
that –- it was largely successful.
particularly recommend. We’re a museum of transport
M: Yes, I noticed that too. But it does help spot rising technology, so we obviously don’t cover things like horses
talent among young researchers and trends in scientific or in fact any animal-drawn transport. But I do advise you
research. to go along and see our earliest exhibit of two-wheeled
F: That’s very true. transportation – I think you’ll be astonished by how clever
the very first bicycles were. It’s a lot of fun. One thing we
haven’t managed to get hold of yet is an early omnibus –
that’s what they used to call buses – but what we do have is
a very early train. It’s steam-powered and although it’s not in

LISTENING 9
 TASK TYPE 2 Multiple Choice (with more than one answer)

working order any longer, it really gives a great impression

of what travel must have been like in those days. I should
just mention that, unfortunately, the exhibition of the first
airplanes is closed at the moment for maintenance.
Now, um, in terms of the museum rules, we do have a few
dos and don’ts. It just makes life easier for everyone. So
we’re not like some art galleries or other museums – you’re
absolutely welcome to use your phones and cameras here,
no problem. But you should understand, we are a working
transport museum – there are cars, bikes and all sorts of
other transport moving around here, so walking only please,
no rushing about, especially you children! We’ve got a café
here on site and lots of drinking fountains if you’re hungry
or thirsty, but please, no cigarettes or tobacco at all – the
whole museum is smoke-free. But the great thing is, with
these sorts of exhibits, you can climb onto most of them
and really explore them, which makes it a different kind of
museum experience.
So, what plans does the museum have for the future?
Well, we’ve got lots of exciting ideas! We are limited in
that there’s no room for further construction of additional
exhibition halls on this site. But we are very aware that at
present there’s not enough focus on transportation at sea,
so that’s something we intended to develop very soon.
And our recent creation of the ‘mission-to-Mars’ exhibit just
goes to show how popular these new initiatives are. We
also hope to invite some experts in one particular field of
transportation to come in and give talks to visitors, to really
bring some of our exhibits to life. We also hope to reduce
the cost of an entry ticket so that just about everyone will
be able to buy one.
Well then, that’s just about all I’ve got to say but if anyone
has any questions before you begin to look around ...

10 LISTENING
 TASK TYPE 3 Matching

ANSWER KEY Audioscript 12

Hello and welcome to Grangefoot Hotel. I hope you’re going
A About the task to enjoy taking part in our work experience programme this
summer. I’m here to give you information and tell you about
1 the key members of staff who you are likely to be dealing
Answers with. Naturally, you will each have a line manager depending
1 There may be one or two speakers. on the part of the hotel you’re working in, and the nature
Website B of the work you’ll be doing, but it’s also important to know
2 The numbered questions always follow the who’s who and who’s responsible for what areas.
order of the recording. Website B Now one person you’ve already had dealings with is Damian
3 There are more letters than numbered Rose. He’s in charge of recruitment and staff issues,
questions in Type 1. Website A whether you’re working in the kitchen, or front of house,
4 You can use the letters only once in Type 1. he’s the person to go to if you have any queries about your
Website A salary or terms and conditions of service. Damian’s office
5 You have to write the correct letter on the is behind reception on the ground floor and he shares it
answer sheet. Website B with Clara Ford. Now Clara’s the person to go to for other
financial issues, like anything to do with payments from
guests or to suppliers. Clara doesn’t deal with the details
of guest bookings in terms of room allocation and special
B Sample questions requests, but she does deal with quotes for events and for
2 12 invoicing.
If you’re in the kitchen or the dining room, you’ll need to
liaise closely with Petra Snell. Now Petra doesn’t do the
Answers
cooking, nor is she the head waiter, but rather she co-
1 F Damian Rose. He’s in charge of ordinates all of the activities concerned with providing
recruitment and staff issues ... he’s food and drink to our guests, and she’ll be taking direct
the person to go to if you have any responsibility for those of you on work placements in those
queries about your salary or terms and areas.
conditions of service. Similarly, Oliver Ansell has responsibility for large bookings,
2 G Now Clara’s the person to go to for other such as when the hotel is the venue for weddings and
financial issues, like anything to do with conferences. He makes sure that we all pull together to
payments from guests or to suppliers make those run smoothly. I’m sure you’ll all be involved with
… she does deal with quotes for events some of those events in the next few months.
and for invoicing. And finally that brings us to Luca Petronelli. Luca’s in charge
3 D she co-ordinates all of the activities of front of house, so if you are working there – welcoming
concerned with providing food and drink guests when they arrive, giving information about
to our guests mealtimes, the payment of extras, etc. – you’ll certainly be
4 C Oliver Ansell has responsibility for large working with him.
bookings, such as when the hotel is the So that just leaves me to ...
venue for weddings and conferences. He
makes sure that we all pull together to
make those run smoothly. D Skills-building exercises
5 A Luca’s in charge of front of house, so 4
if you are working there – welcoming
guests when they arrive, giving Answers
information … A venue B course C teaching
content methods
library coverage workshops
location of topics lectures
well-equipped syllabus seminars
classrooms overview personal
purpose-built examination feedback
preparation online
suitable for support
beginners individual
assignments
presentations

LISTENING 11
 TASK TYPE 3 Matching

5 13 The International Learning Centre also offers courses in their

well-equipped classrooms at the business park. The location
won’t suit people who don’t have use of a car, but the course
Answers itself is very focused. The syllabus is much the same as you’d
1 A I’d say go to Pilkington if you’re find anywhere, but the combination of inspiring presentations
looking to get access to its excellent library on key topics and excellent online support and personal
with its thousands of books and pleasant feedback on assignments really mark this course out as
environment to sit and read special.
2 A its downtown location makes it the Finally, Bevington University offers part-time courses, but
ideal choice for anyone dependent on public they’re not cheap. In terms of prestige, this is the one to go
transport or hoping to go along after work. for, particularly since you get a certificate at the end of it.
3 B What makes these classes attractive, The chance to study in these beautiful ancient surroundings,
however, is the systematic way all major whilst taking advantage of the purpose-built interactive
artistic movements are covered, making it an classrooms is not to be missed – even if a rather narrow
excellent starting place for the beginner. selection of artistic movements is actually studied on each
4 B The flexible organisation means they’re programme of seminars.
perfect for anyone wanting to specialise in
one particular area, VIDEO: Solar-powered Water Heater
5 C The syllabus is much the same as
you’d find anywhere, but the combination Before you watch
of inspiring presentations on key topics
6
and excellent online support and personal
feedback on assignments really mark this Answers
course out as special. garbage, trash
6 A The chance to study in these beautiful livestock, animals
ancient surroundings, whilst taking advantage repurposed, reused
of the purpose-built interactive classrooms is urban dwellers, homeowners
not to be missed treasure, goldmine

Audioscript 13 While you watch

So, I’ve been looking at institutions in the area that offer 7
basic courses in art appreciation and found there’s quite
Answers
a lot of variation, but no clear winner. Pilkington College
offers a traditional course with a series of rather dry lectures 1 keeping things that are or could be useful
from a variety of teachers, each talking about his or her such as water tanks, satellite dishes, livestock
specialist area. The coverage of topics is a bit random, and things for recycling
therefore, with no attempt to cover a particular syllabus. 2 that anyone can build a hot water system like
I’d say go to Pilkington if you’re looking to get access to its this
excellent library with its thousands of books and pleasant 3 access to lots of hot water (a plentiful supply),
environment to sit and read – but perhaps not for the course the quality of life and improved sanitation,
itself. reduce (cut down on) energy costs/bills
The City Study Centre has none of those resources, but
its downtown location makes it the ideal choice for anyone
dependent on public transport or hoping to go along after 8
work. The course itself is almost wholly exam preparation, Answers
however, and so is not very suitable for beginners or those 1 A 2 E 3 C 4 D
looking for an overview of the subject.
Gladstone University offers art appreciation courses to
the general public, which take place at weekends. The 9
courses are organised as workshops in which participation Answers
is expected, which might not suit everybody – although the To build the water system, you need: solar panels,
teachers are on hand to give lots of personal feedback and metal tubes, a tank
make sure things keep focussed. What makes these classes How it works: the solar panels heat up the water
attractive, however, is the systematic way all major artistic
that circulates in the metal tubes and then this fills
movements are covered, making it an excellent starting
the tank with hot water.
place for the beginner.
Roseborough College offers online courses which focus
on particular periods of art history. The flexible organisation
means they’re perfect for anyone wanting to specialise in
one particular area, but less good for anyone doing an exam.
Although there is the chance to get one-to-one feedback on
individual assignments, the lack of face-to-face contact with
a tutor is something of a drawback.

12 LISTENING
 TASK TYPE 3 Matching

After you watch IELTS PRACTICE TASK 1 14

10
Possible answer Answers
Something which may appear to be rubbish to one 1 A For the Russian School, for example, the
person can be valuable to someone else. most important thing is that the interpreter
understands every word of the presentation
2 H The Paris School that’s less important
Videoscript – they place emphasis instead on how well
Cairo is a bustling, cosmopolitan city. But there’s a whole the interpreter can express the ideas in the
other world up here, high on the city’s rooftops. To some, it language of the listener.
may look like chaos, but Egyptians use this space for water 3 E She concluded that a good interpreter …
tanks, satellite dishes, even livestock. And the garbage made sure that the listener understood
piled everywhere is considered valuable, because it’s often exactly what the original speaker intended ...
repurposed and reused. Cairo has been ‘going green’ long that should be the interpreter’s principal goal.
before it became fashionable. 4 C Buhler’s study found that the concerns
That’s why National Geographic emerging explorer Thomas of interpreters and their clients did not
Taha Culhane’s programme has been so brilliant. He’s been
always match.
helping lower-income Egyptians build solar-powered water
heaters – partly out of recycled trash – and putting them 5 D He found that users of interpreting
on their rooftops. ‘People will come to this community and services often associated quality with a
they’ll look on the rooftops and they’ll say “why is there so fluent fast and convincing speaker, and saw
much trash on the roofs?”. awkward intonation and hesitations as a sign
But if you talk to the homeowners, they’ll say, “what trash? of a poor interpreter at work
I’m saving this for the future when I can figure out a good
way to use it.” So there is no trash. And that is, I think, the
message that inner-city Cairo, and the informal communities Audioscript 14
of Cairo, have for the world. Forget this idea that there’s
garbage. One man’s garbage is another’s gold mine.’ M: So, Maria, you’ve been doing some background reading
The water heaters take advantage of Egypt’s great natural about the work of interpreters, particularly people
resource – abundant sunshine, when the system is placed working at international conferences.
just right. ‘Oh you’re good, you are good. You know what F: That’s right, where you can listen to someone doing
you’re at? 39.9 degrees.’ Solar panels heat up water that what’s called simultaneous interpreting on a headset –
circulates through metal tubes eventually filling a tank with so you hear the presentation in your own language, say
extremely hot water. English, at the same time as the speaker is giving a talk
‘This is a handmade solar hot water system and it’s made in his or her own language, say Spanish or Chinese or
out of local community materials, recycled materials, whatever.
even some garbage. And we put it together as cheaply as M: Right. So what did you find out about the theoretical
possible to demonstrate that anybody can make a solar hot background?
water system; that renewable energy is not some exotic F: Well, I discovered that there are two main schools of
technology; that it can be made from found materials and it thought – the Russian School and the Paris School – and
works.’ they disagree about what is really important in this kind
The solar heaters, which are funded primarily by grants, allow of situation. For the Russian School, for example, the
urban dwellers access to a plentiful supply of hot water. The most important thing is that the interpreter understands
heaters not only improve the quality of life and sanitation but every word of the presentation – so that all the details
also cut down on potential energy costs. Culhane hopes the and all the nuances of meaning can be communicated
water heater project will lead to other low-tech innovations
to the listener in the target language. For the Paris
using recycled materials. As the saying goes, ‘One man’s
School that’s less important – they place emphasis
garbage is another man’s treasure.’
instead on how well the interpreter can express the
ideas in the language of the listener.
M: So this would affect which language the interpreter
needs to be better at.
F: Exactly. The Russian School think you should be more
proficient in the original language, whereas the Paris
School think that proficiency in the listener’s language is
more important.
M: And what about other research? Did you look at Kalina?
F: Yes. Kalina has looked into the whole question of what
represents quality in interpreting and how this can
be measured. And she says there’s always tension
between accuracy and comprehensibility – in other
words correct language use and elegant style on the
one hand, and getting the message across on the other.
She concluded that a good interpreter was one who
made sure that the listener understood exactly what
the original speaker intended – whether or not the
target language was completely accurate. She thought
that should be the interpreter’s principal goal.

LISTENING 13
 TASK TYPE 3 Matching

M: OK. And did you look at Buhler’s research?

F: Yes – Buhler’s study found that the concerns of
IELTS PRACTICE TASK 2 15
interpreters and their clients did not always match. She
found that interpreters were far more concerned with Answers
grammatical accuracy and a good delivery in the target
language, whereas users of their services complained 1 B But now that all the birds have been
if there wasn’t a logical flow of ideas, or if terminology moved off the mainland and live on islands,
was used incorrectly. kakapo numbers are starting to increase
M: And Donovan? Did you look at his study? again
F: Yes, I did. He found that users of interpreting services 2 E it wasn’t until the government introduced
often associated quality with a fluent, fast and a law banning all hunting of marine mammals
convincing speaker, and saw awkward intonation and around the New Zealand coastline …
hesitations as a sign of a poor interpreter at work – 3 I But what’s been tried already – hunting
even if this wasn’t borne out by the accuracy of the and trapping the animals that kill them …
information they got across. 4 A B: And the strategy used here – that’s
M: OK – so what conclusions have you drawn from your probably the most controversial one. A: Using
reading … poison?
5 C conservation groups in New Zealand
have used the media – the television and the
Internet
6 G they recommended a limit on the
number of eels that people are allowed to
catch and eat. If people take too many from
the river, they may have to pay a fine.
7 F local authorities have roped off parts of
the beach … put back some of the native
plants that used to grow there.

Audioscript 15
You will hear two environmental studies students,
David and Annette, discussing the use of conservation
strategies that have been used to help protect
endangered species in New Zealand.
D = David, A = Annette
D: OK, Annette, we’ve got one more week before we
have to do our presentation. Do you think that’s enough
time?
A: Yeah. We’ve done all the research we need – I mean –
on which species are most endangered in New Zealand,
and why they’re endangered. I think the only thing
left for us to do is to have a look at the conservation
strategies that have been used so far ...
D: ... and say whether they’ve worked or not.
A: Yes. Some have certainly been more successful than
others. Where do you want to start?
D: Well, let’s go in the order of the species we’re
focussing on. The kakapo, I think, comes first.
A: Such an amazing bird! It’s horrible to think that it nearly
died out.
D: Yes – it wasn’t because humans were hunting it – it was
mainly the rats that had come over in the boats from
Europe. They were eating the eggs and killing the young
chicks.
A: But now that all the birds have been moved off the
mainland and live on islands, kakapo numbers are
starting to increase again.
D: Gradually – but yes, it’s looking much more hopeful for
their survival. It was definitely the right strategy.
A: And what about the fur seal? Their numbers were pretty
low, too. I think the original suggestion was to set aside
a marine reserve for them – an area where they’d be
protected.

14 LISTENING
 TASK TYPE 3 Matching

D: Yes, but that was never going to be enough. Basically, A: Well, we know that the reason for their decline is the
it wasn’t until the government introduced a law banning amount of pollution in the water – you know, from the
all hunting of marine mammals around the New Zealand chemicals used in agriculture.
coastline that there was any significant improvement. D: And the building of hydro-dams. Now the eels can’t
A: That was back in 1978, wasn’t it? swim upriver to breed anymore. Really, the only
D: I think so. strategy that the government have come up with – just
A: I’ll double-check it. Now what about the kiwi? a couple of years ago, I think – they recommended a
D: Our national bird. If that became extinct, that’d be a real limit on the number of eels that people are allowed to
ecological disaster. catch and eat. If people take too many from the river,
A: It’d be good if they could be moved to safer areas. they may have to pay a fine.
D: But the kind of habitat they require is mainly found in A: The thing is, no one enforces that. Who’s going to keep
the interior of New Zealand. Transporting them off to an eye on it?
the islands isn’t really a viable solution. D: Yes, what they really need to make a comeback is more
A: But what’s been tried already – hunting and trapping the wetland.
animals that kill them – that hasn’t really worked either, A: Right. Most of that has been drained, hasn’t it?
has it? D: Yeah. Um, the last on our list is the dotterel, eh?
D: Not significantly. I guess you’re right. The problem is, A: Yes, unlike other New Zealand birds, at least this one
it’s not just wild animals that kill the kiwi chicks. It’s can fly!
dogs and cats as well. D: But it’s still endangered, primarily because of where
A: I think more should be done to make people aware of they make their nests – on the beach.
the damage their pets can do. A: Yes. People walk over the sand and they don’t notice
D: I agree. Now our next species is the tuatara. Most that they’re damaging the nests or breaking the eggs.
people think it’s a lizard, apparently. Even if the local council puts signs up – warning people
A: Well, it does look like one. It’s a unique reptile – there’s not to walk over the dunes – they ignore them anyway.
nothing really like it anywhere else in the world. D: There’s been some progress when local authorities
D: Apart from the loss of its habitat, it’s rats and similar have roped off parts of the beach, and you know, put
predators that are the problem. And the strategy used back some of the native plants that used to grow there.
here – that’s probably the most controversial one. A: Yes, when they can get the grasses to regenerate, it
A: Using poison? provides more shelter for the dotterels – and they have
D: Yes, not because it doesn’t work – it’s actually highly a better chance of raising their chicks successfully.
effective – but because the public still aren’t convinced D: OK, let’s divide up the species and decide who’s going
that the pesticide that the government uses isn’t toxic to talk about ...
to birds and fish as well.
A: Yes, I think putting the stuff on the ground is one thing,
but dropping it from the sky is definitely more worrying.
D: No doubt the other students will have something to say
about that!
A: I think the sea turtle’s next. There was a bit in the news
about them the other day.
D: I saw it. There was a big one that was found on the
beach. It was in a really poor condition.
A: Yes, it was starving, essentially. Because of the plastic
rubbish it’d swallowed.
D: Yes – turtles can’t often see the difference between a
plastic wrapper and the kind of transparent jellyfish they
eat. So if it’s something floating in the ocean, they’ll eat
it.
A: Unfortunately, yes. And this is one problem that an
international policy – even if there was one – would be
unlikely to fix. You can prohibit large ships from dumping
industrial waste at sea, but you can’t stop ordinary
people from throwing their litter into the ocean.
D: I don’t know about that. Some of the major
conservation groups in New Zealand have used the
media – the television and the Internet – to really
spread some awareness about the risks to turtle
survival. They’ve shown how people’s rubbish – the stuff
they drop in the streets – how it ends up in the ocean,
and I think that’s probably made a difference to some
people’s behaviour.
A: I hope so. That’d be hard to measure, though.
D: You’d need to carry out an extensive survey.
A: Right. What other species are we mentioning? Oh yes,
longfin eels.
D: Yeah. They used to be so common in our rivers. But
they’re quite hard to spot nowadays.

LISTENING 15
 VOCABULARY 1

LESSON OVERVIEW
Views and opinions
9
Dependent prepositions Answers
2 1 it’s important
2 I don’t recognise it
Answers 3 locate
1 divide into 4 I don’t agree
2 focus on 5 it puts people off
3 deal with 6 I feel sure
4 conduct research into 7 I don’t like it
5 look at/look into/look out of
6 make out of/from/into
7 rest on
8 sit on/sit with Synonyms: academic language
11
3
Answers
Answers 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 f 5 g
1 divided into 6 e 7 h 8 a
2 focusing on
3 research into
4 deals with
Expressing responsibility: verb +
preposition
Recognising and organising
13
synonyms and antonyms
Answers
4
1 of 4 for/with
Answers 2 for 5 with
Antonyms: soft/hard 3 with 6 for
wide/narrow All of the expressions are followed by an object.
new/old
Synonyms: ordinary/normal
14
Answers
5
1 (be) in charge of
Answers 2 (be) responsible for
a high b light c smooth 3 deal with
4 (be) in charge of, working with
5 liaise closely with
Informal and academic language 6 taking direct responsibility for

6
15
Answers
1 f 2 c 3 g 4 a Answers
5 b 6 d 7 e 8 h 1 the cooking
Column A – informal; Column B – formal 2 salary queries
3 invoicing guests
4 co-ordinates kitchen activities
7 5 welcoming guests
Answers
1 a small charge/a fee
2 fell out with/had an argument with Recognising and identifying
3 quite a few/several
4 stuff/belongings
paraphrases
17
Answers
1 Simultaneous 5 fluent/proficient
2 Accuracy 6 hesitations
3 fluent/proficient 7 concerns
4 comprehensibility

16 LISTENING
 VOCABULARY 1

Common IELTS topic: Business

Paraphrase
18
Answers
1 B 2 D 3 B 4 A
5 C 6 B 7 C 8 D

Informal and academic language

19

Answers
1 refurbish 6 distribute
2 recruit 7 assist
3 liaise 8 investment
4 salary 9 accommodation
5 install 10 colleague

Common IELTS topic: Academic life

Prepositions
20

Answers
1 of
2 no preposition
3 to
4 in
5 on
6 no preposition
7 no preposition
8 into
9 to
10 with
11 at
12 on

LISTENING 17
 LISTENING PRACTICE TEST

ANSWER KEY

Answers
Part 1 22 D/B Well, it appears that there is some truth
1 8.30/eight-thirty If you call at eight-thirty, then in the first of those stories – some
you can usually get an appointment for that same refuse is sold to processing plants
day. abroad
2 urgent If it’s urgent, we have a surgery in the 23 A/D F: Well, we’re going to share giving the
evening at five o’clock. presentation, remember – fifty-fifty
3 10/ten minutes A standard consultation is 10 that was our agreement.
minutes. M: Yeah – but if you’d prefer me to take
4 9.30/nine-thirty as long as you ask for the visit by on all of that, I wouldn’t mind.
nine-thirty F: OK.
5 user name I can issue you with a user name. 24 D/A F: But maybe writing the body of the
6 password You’ll also need a password to gain report is more your sort of thing. Getting
access to the website ideas across clearly and concisely on the
7 Haworth H-A-W-O-R-T-H page is something I find quite tricky.
8 42 Garden Street Is that 42 Garden Street? M: OK, I’m up for that.
9 412398 That’s 412398. 25 F F: everything else goes into a room
10 Science F: So that’s the Science Faculty? where somebody plugs them in and
M: Yes, that’s right. switches them on to see if they work –
what they call the Testing Area.
Part 2 26 A M: What route do they follow?
11 C the medals and cups that the club has won … F: Well, those items are classed as
are on the second floor in the first big room you ‘Beyond Repair’
come to after you’ve gone up the stairs. 27 H F: they then get assessed and broken
12 J on the first floor. It’s in the first room you come down into their constituent parts.
to on your right as you walk down the main M: Dismantled, you mean.
corridor from the entrance. F: Exactly. That happens in the
13 H the type of kit the team members used to play Dismantling Area.
in at various times in its history in a display in the 28 E F: so the next stage is a segregation
next room on the same side of the corridor on the area, where stuff is divided up into what’s
first floor. recyclable and what isn’t.
14 F That’s in the middle room on the second floor. 29 D F: They’re called imaging consumables
15 B interesting display of posters at the end of the – so there’s a special unit handling
corridor on the first floor – just before you go up those.
the stairs. 30 C M: There’s a special type of recycling
16 D you can watch some of the finest moments in known as CRT that applies to them.
the club’s history in the last room on the left-hand F: That’s right.
side of the corridor on the first floor. You can see Part 4
old newsreels 31 reconstructive In 1890, the psychologist William
17 A so we should be finished by 3.15 James described memory as ‘reconstructive’.
18 C no eating and drinking please – that’s our only 32 video clip People are wrong, therefore, to think of
rule. memory as something similar to a video clip
19 B you’ll see their shirts hanging up in the places 33 1974 One of the best known experiments showing
where they normally get changed. how memory actually works was carried out by
20 A If you could save them until I’ve come to the Loftus and Palmer in 1974. They showed students a
end of my little talk in each area, that works best. short film of a car accident.
34 “contacted” if the students were asked how
Part 3 quickly the car was travelling when it ‘crashed’, the
21 B/D M: households … the amount of answer was generally: ‘about 60 miles per hour’ –
rubbish finding its way into the recycling but if the word ‘contacted’ was used instead, then
bins … has now risen to 70 per cent of the students tended to say ‘about 40 miles per
the total, up from 65 per cent last year. hour’.
F: Great. I found much the same story for 35 cognitive interview Elizabeth Loftus’s work led to
commercial rubbish – there the rise has the development of this technique which is called
been slightly less, but from a stronger ‘cognitive interview technique’
base – recycling from commercial
premises was already at 70 per cent
before, and has risen to 73 per cent in
the last year.

18 LISTENING
 Listening Review Test

36 TV/television program(me) eventually the M: Sure.

woman realised that she’d been watching the TV F: So, would you like to enrol as a patient?
programme when the attack happened M: Yes, please.
37 DNA evidence There have even been several F: So, first of all, what’s your surname?
cases of people convicted on this basis of M: Haworth.
eyewitness reports being released after DNA F: How do you spell that, please?
evidence, which is more reliable M: H-A-W-O-R-T-H.
38 shopping centre/center Loftus convinced people F: First name?
that they’d been lost in a shopping centre at the M: David.
F: And your postcode?
age of five.
M: TT43 7TY.
39 25%/percent In a follow-up interview, 25% of
F: Is that 42 Garden Street?
participants claimed that they remembered getting M: Yes, that’s right.
lost on the trip – an event that never happened F: Good, so I can see all your details here on
40 false confession people may be confused into the system. Can I just check your student ID
making a false confession if there is enough number, please?
reliable evidence. M: Yes. That’s 412398.
F: Thank you. Finally, which faculty are you
Audioscripts studying in?
M: Well, I’m doing astrophysics.
Part 1 16 F: So that’s the Science Faculty?
F: Good morning. Can I help you? M: Yes, that’s right.
M: Yes, I’d like some information about the student health F: OK – I’ll send you an email with all the details.
centre, please. M: Thank you.
F: OK – are you a student at the university?
M: Yes, and I’d like to register with a doctor here. But can
I ask a few questions first?
F: Certainly – what would you like to know?
M: If you need to see the doctor, is it easy to get an
appointment?
F: Well, usually, yes. If you call at eight-thirty, then you
can usually get an appointment for that same day.
But it’s first-come first-served, so we soon get fully
booked.
M: So what happens then? Can you make an
appointment for the next day?
F: No – you have to call back the following morning. If
it’s urgent, we have a surgery in the evening at five
o’clock. You can’t book a time, but if you’re on the
list and you’re prepared to wait, a doctor will see you
eventually.
M: I see. And how long do you get with the doctor?
F: A standard consultation is ten minutes. There are
twenty-minute appointments, but the doctor will
tell you if you need to ask for one of those. Your first
appointment is always a standard one.
M: OK. And if I’m too ill to come here, will the doctor
come and see me.
F: Yes, of course. Do you live on campus?
M: Nearby.
F: Then as long as you ask for the visit by nine-thirty,
there shouldn’t be a problem. The doctors do home
visits between two and four-thirty in the afternoon.
M: Can’t I book appointments online?
F: Yes, you can. I can issue you with a user name. It’s
the same system though – you can’t book in advance
and it’s first-come, first-served. If you want to go
on the urgent list, then you do have to phone in and
speak to someone – you can’t do that online.
M: OK.
F: You’ll also need a password to gain access to
the website – and you can only use that to book
appointments for yourself, not for your friends.

LISTENING 19
 Listening Review Test

I’ve come to the end of my little talk in each area, that works
Part 2 17 best. I can’t promise to know all the answers, but please ask
Hello there. My name’s Matt and I’m going to be your guide anything you want.
for the day. Before your guided tour of the stadium begins, OK, so if you’re all ready, we’ll start. Now this area where
you have fifteen minutes to look around the small museum we’re beginning our tour …
we’ve put together about the history of the club. Now, you’ve
Part 3 18
all got a map of the museum on your leaflet, so let me just
tell you where to find some of the most interesting displays. F: So, let’s talk about where we’ve got so far with the
Firstly, I’m sure you’ll want to see all the medals and cups research project and then talk about the next steps.
that the club has won over the years. These are on the M: OK. Well, our starting point was that people’s
second floor in the first big room you come to after you’ve enthusiasm for recycling had fallen off locally and that
gone up the stairs. You have to walk through this room seemed to be because of lots of rather negative reports
on your way to the exit, but make sure you leave yourself in the media. So we agreed to investigate some of
enough time to have a good look round. those reports.
If you’re interested in seeing a history of the club in old F: Great.
photos – going right back to the 1880s, then you’ll find that M: Firstly, it was claimed that families are actually recycling
display on the first floor. It’s in the first room you come to less at home than they used to. Well, that’s hardly the
on your right as you walk down the main corridor from the case in fact. The local council’s figures show that all
entrance. households have two bins, and the amount of rubbish
You can also see the type of kit the team members used finding its way into the recycling bins, as opposed to
to play in at various times in its history in a display in the the unsorted waste bins, has now risen to 70 per cent
next room on the same side of the corridor on the first floor. of the total, up from 65 per cent last year.
It’s amazing how much fashions in shorts and shirts have F: Great. I found much the same story for commercial
changed over the years and the display brings us right up to rubbish – there the rise has been slightly less, but from
date. This room is really popular with visitors. a stronger base – recycling from commercial premises
Another display that I’d recommend is the one devoted to was already at 70 per cent before, and has risen to 73
the history of the stadium itself and how it’s developed over per cent in the last year.
the years. There’s an interesting interactive display where you M: Then there was the story about the size of the bins –
can press a button and see how the place looked at different that people found having two an inconvenience and
times in its history. That’s in the middle room on the second tended just to use the one. I found a survey the council
floor. did on that issue published online – they asked one in
If you want to see how the club’s advertising has developed ten households – and found no evidence of that. Most
over the years, then there’s an interesting display of posters people welcomed the chance to separate their rubbish.
at the end of the corridor on the first floor – just before you F: OK, well I looked into the issue of what happens to
go up the stairs. the rubbish. You remember one news story said stuff
Finally, you can watch some of the finest moments in the from the recycling bins was being shipped all the way
club’s history in the last room on the left-hand side of the to China for processing – and another said that most
corridor on the first floor. You can see old newsreels of some of it ended up in landfill because there wasn’t enough
of the best goals and saves and see some of the most iconic capacity at our local recycling plant, where it gets
players of the last fifty years in action. sorted and the raw materials reused.
So enjoy your visit. I’ll see you at the exit on the second floor M: I remember.
in fifteen minutes when your tour of the stadium itself will F: Well, it appears that there is some truth in the first of
begin. Enjoy! those stories – some refuse is sold to processing plants
OK, so is everybody here? I hope you enjoyed your look abroad – though I didn’t find any evidence of that being
round the museum. So, it’s time to begin our tour of the China. The second point may have been correct in the
stadium. This is going to take about an hour – so we should past, but is no longer the case. A new recycling plant
be finished by 3.15. I know some of you have got a coach has just opened and I was invited along to see it.
picking you up at 3.30 – but you should still have time for a M: Brilliant! … Before you tell me all about the plant, let’s
snack and a look round the gift shop before you have to go. decide who’s going to do what in the project.
The gift shop is open until four o’clock, so the rest of you are F: Well, we’re going to share giving the presentation,
welcome to stay and browse. remember – fifty-fifty that was our agreement.
So, before we start, a few dos and don’ts. Photography is M: Yeah – but if you’d prefer me to take on all of that, I
allowed, so feel free to take as many pictures as you want wouldn’t mind.
– but please say now if you’re going to use a flash in case F: Really?
anyone has a problem with that …no? OK. There are no M: Yes, because there are some other things that I think
players here today, so we’re not going to disturb anyone. you’ll do much better.
Please stay with the group – I’ll be counting you as we pass F: OK – but what have you got in mind?
from one area to another to make sure nobody’s got left M: Well, I thought we’d need to do some pie charts and bar
behind – and no eating and drinking, please – that’s our only graphs to show some of the statistical information in
rule. the report – and that I’d be pretty hopeless at that.
We will be going into the player’s changing rooms – they’re F: No problem – I like that sort of thing. I’d also like to do a
not there of course, but you’ll see their shirts hanging up in flow-chart showing the process at the recycling plant.
the places where they normally get changed. You can touch M: Fine – I’m happy to leave that to you.
the shirts, but please don’t try them on. If you do that we F: But maybe writing the body of the report is more your
have to wash them between each group of visitors and we sort of thing. Getting ideas across clearly and concisely
don’t have the staff for that! on the page is something I find quite tricky.
Finally, I’ll be giving my commentary in English. Please do M: OK, I’m up for that – as long as you see to compiling
say if I’m going too fast or too slow – OK? Great. And I’m the references and appendices – that calls for your sort
happy to answer your questions. If you could save them until of analytical brain.

20 LISTENING
 Listening Review Test

F: It’s a deal. got different answers. For example, if the students

M: So, tell me what you saw at the recycling plant. were asked how quickly the car was travelling when
F: Well, I saw how electronic waste is dealt with. it ‘crashed’, the answer was generally: ‘about 60
M: You mean, computers, TVs and stuff. kilometres per hour’, but if the word ‘contacted’ was
F: Exactly. used instead, then the students tended to say ‘about 40
M: Does it all get recycled then? kilometres per hour’.
F: Mostly. Some things which contain toxic materials, and These findings suggest that the questions you’re asked
so can’t be recycled or reused, go directly to the Direct about an event can have a big effect on your memory
Destruction Area – but everything else goes into a room of it. This is very important when the police interview
where somebody plugs them in and switches them on
witnesses after a crime. To avoid influencing what
to see if they work – what they call the Testing Area.
their witnesses remember, police officers ask them to
M: You mean people throw out perfectly good equipment?
F: That’s right. If it still works, or can be put right with a bit
remember an event in as much detail as possible before
of simple maintenance, it can go to the Redistribution asking them any questions. Elizabeth Loftus’s work led
Centre for use by charities and schools and people who to the development of this technique which is called
couldn’t afford new stuff. ‘cognitive interview technique’, and it’s now used by
M: Cool. So what happens to the other things, which can’t many police forces.
be redistributed? What route do they follow? Dr Thompson shows the importance of memory in
F: Well, those items are classed as ‘Beyond Repair’ and criminal matters with the story of a man who was
they then get assessed and broken down into their accused of attacking a young woman. The woman
constituent parts. identified him in a line-up of people, even though he was
M: Dismantled, you mean. sure he’d never met her before. Fortunately, the man
F: Exactly. That happens in the Dismantling Area. And of had a good alibi. He couldn’t have committed the crime
course not all the parts are capable of being recycled – because he’d been appearing on live television at the
so the next stage is a segregation area, where stuff is time of the attack. Eventually the woman realised that
divided up into what’s recyclable and what isn’t. she’d been watching the TV programme when the attack
M: So the unrecyclable materials get destroyed. happened and in her memory had confused the face of
F: I guess so – I didn’t see that part of the process. her attacker with that of the man on the screen.
Anyway, they get removed, and that happens in the This shows just how easily we can confuse in our
Segregation Area. The same happens to very specific minds two events that happened at the same time,
materials that can be recycled directly. even when they were completely unrelated. In the past,
M: Like?
people were often convicted of crimes on the basis of
F: Well, printer inks, photocopier toner – that sort of stuff
eyewitness reports alone; but because of the research
has specific chemicals in it that can be recycled as they
are – you know the residues. They’re called imaging
that’s been done, this doesn’t happen so much anymore.
consumables – so there’s a special unit handling those. What’s more, several people sent to prison because of
Another thing that gets special treatment is computer eyewitness reports have used DNA evidence, which is
screens, monitors and stuff like that. more reliable, to prove that they couldn’t have committed
M: There’s a special type of recycling known as CRT that the crime.
applies to them. Another thing that researchers have found is that it’s
F: That’s right. Then the plastics and metals have their also possible to plant false memories in people’s minds,
own recycling units and get reduced to little pellets or without them realising. In one experiment, Loftus
melted down. convinced people that they’d been lost in a shopping
M: Right. So, really impressive? centre at the age of five. To make the story convincing,
F: Brilliant, actually. I can’t wait to start work on the flow- she asked the participants’ relatives for details of a real
chart! shopping trip that had actually occurred at that time, and
then included these details in the made-up story she told
Part 4 19
them. In a follow-up interview, 25 per cent of participants
We like to think that our memory is good and that we claimed that they remembered getting lost on the trip –
can rely on it. We say things like: ‘I was there, I saw it an event that never happened.
with my own eyes’ to show how sure we are that we’ve The fact that the participants’ relatives claimed that the
remembered something clearly. But how sure can we event really happened is very important. People will
really be? Are we remembering an event exactly as we even accept guilt for a crime they did not commit if
saw it? The answer seems to be: ‘not very sure!’ they’re told that a colleague saw them doing it. This is
In 1890, the psychologist William James described very important in the legal system because people may
memory as ‘reconstructive’. In other words, when we be confused into making a false confession if there is
remember things and where we are when we remember enough reliable evidence.
things, can affect how accurately we remember them. What all this shows is that we can’t be as confident in
People are wrong, therefore, to think of memory as our memories as we might think. So the next time you’re
something similar to a video clip which we can replay arguing with a friend about what exactly happened at
whenever we like, and which will always be the same. some past event, bear in mind that your memory could
Memory doesn’t work like that. be playing tricks on you.
One of the best known experiments showing how
memory actually works was carried out by Loftus and
Palmer in 1974. They showed students a short film of
a car accident. Then they asked them to answer some
simple questions about what they’d seen. Surprisingly,
by asking different questions, they found that they

LISTENING 21
 TASK TYPE 1 Multiple Choice

ANSWER KEY
D Skills-building exercises
6
Answers
A About the task 1 A is correct because the passage says
1 ‘provides us with fascinating insights into
an alien world.’
Answers B is wrong because the passage says ‘it
1 Classmate B was worth waiting for’ and so the wait was
You are reading to understand the writer’s not ‘unacceptably long’.
views and claims. 2 B is correct because the passage says ‘The
2 Classmate A probe hit the ground with an impact speed
There are two different types of question similar to a ball dropped from about a metre
stem. on Earth.’
3 Classmate A A is wrong because the comparison with a
The questions always follow the order of the ball is to give an idea of the ‘impact speed’.
passage. 3 B is correct because the passage says
4 Classmate A ‘suggesting a substance with the
The question stems probably include words consistency of soft, damp sand’.
from the passage. A is wrong because there is no ‘false
5 Classmate B impresssion’ in the passage.
You only write the correct letter on the answer 4 A is correct because the quote gives an
sheet. analogy with snow that helps us
understand what the ground was like.
B is wrong because Schroder describes a
B Sample questions similar type of ground surface.
2 5 A is correct because the passage says: ‘it had
Answers evidently not rained on the landing site for
some time.’
1 C This leads to a lack of genetic diversity,
6 B is wrong because there was no evidence of
leaving crops more exposed to any disease
recent rainfall at the site.
which attacks that single cultivar.
2 B the more resilient but notably less tasty
Cavendish cultivar. 7
3 A it has more frequently been accessed
Answers
when national gene banks lose samples
due to accident, equipment failures, 1 B
natural disasters and, all too often, 2 A
mismanagement. 3 C
4 B access to individual specimens is regulated 4 C
by their respective depositors. 5 A
5 C and crucially the remote northern location 6 C
also serves as a natural fridge.
6 D The Svalbard seed bank serves as a reserve 11
of last resort and ... as an insurance policy
in case of a major global catastrophe.
Answers
1 C (This is the sense of the whole paragraph.)
2 B Tour operators report a surge in interest in
eclipse viewing, sparked by the ‘eclipse of
the century’ in July 2009
3 C the growth of the hobby also taps into
enthusiasm for more natural and less
commercialised forms of tourism
4 D They are all good and each is intriguing in
its own way.
5 B they cannot compare to the sheer beauty
and drama of a total eclipse in a clear sky

22 ACADEMIC READING
 TASK TYPE 1 Multiple Choice

IELTS PRACTICE TASK 1 IELTS PRACTICE TASK 2

Answers Answers
1 D One of the biggest drivers behind the 1 C For years sugar refinement remained a
idea was his fear that culture and history secret science, passed from master to
would be lost to future generations if they apprentice …
were not preserved online. 2 B The European ‘Age of Exploration’, the
2 D on the fast-moving web the average page search for new land that would send
is changed every hundred days – or any Europeans all around the world, was in
social media. This snapshot of the web reality, to no small degree, a hunt for
3 C He is surprised at how few historians fields where sugar cane would prosper in
make use of the Internet as a source but the tropical temperatures and rainfall.
expects that to change rapidly in five or 3 A In the mid-17th century sugar began to
ten years as a new generation of scholars change from a luxury spice to a staple
better understands its potential (=normal, main) part of the diet: first for
4 B ‘But the days of the lone scholar are the middle class, then for the poor.
gone, in my personal opinion we really 4 A In the 1960s the British nutrition expert
need to embrace creative ways to work John Yudkin conducted a series of
collaboratively.’ experiments on animals and people
5 B to persuade people to stop and think showing that high amounts of sugar in the
about how the decisions they make now diet led to high levels of fat and insulin in
will affect the next 10,000 years the blood—risk factors for heart disease
6 A This is her tone in the whole text, for and diabetes.
example, Clearly, this is a golden age for 5 D Americans are obese because they eat
librarians, historians and scholars (para 1; too much and exercise too little. But
the ‘Wayback Machine’, is deservedly one they eat too much and exercise too little
of the most popular sites online. (para 2); because they’re addicted to sugar, which
Yet she, too, is refreshingly positive about not only makes them fatter but also
the chances of being able to both create reduces their energy.
and preserve your own space online. 6 C ... an injection of sugar into the
(para 6) bloodstream stimulates the pleasure
centres of the brain.

ACADEMIC READING 23
 TASK TYPE 2 Multiple Choice (with more than one answer)

ANSWER KEY 9
Answers
A About the task 1 BMI was developed by a physician from
Belgium. (‘a Belgian statistician’)
1 2 Quetelet’s main aim was to define what
Answers represented an obese person. (‘a project
1 two which had nothing to do with obesity-related
2 the same order diseases)
3 can 3 BMI takes into account the differences in
4 likely weight between body fat and muscle. (‘it
5 letter doesn’t distinguish between body fat and
muscle’.)
4 BMI has been shown to vary in people from
B Sample questions different ethnic backgrounds. (‘and doesn’t
consider ethnic differences.’)
2 5 Trefethen thinks that Quetelet’s formula is
Answers most accurate when used with taller people.
1 A Sharpless says that there’s a lot of unused (‘short people tend to appear underweight
potential protein swimming in the ocean. and tall people overweight.’)
Fish are ‘the healthiest, cheapest, and
most environmentally friendly source of 12
animal protein.’ If we manage the way fish
are caught, and choose wisely which fish
we eat, there should be plenty of food for Answers
the growing number of mouths on the A Because the BMI is expressed as a number
planet. between 1 and 100 and derives from a
2 D A farmed salmon can consume as much mathematical formula, it carries an air of
as two kilograms of small fish in order to scientific authority. The use of precise
produce about half a kilogram of protein. measurements suggests that there are
Aquaculture should, in Sharpless’ view, distinct categories of underweight, normal,
add protein to the planet, not reduce it. overweight and obese, with sharp boundaries
between them.
E ‘Because it’s simple,’ says Ahima, but it
D Skills-building exercises is also cheap and non-invasive ... Other
6 methods ... are very expensive ... require
... more time and training than it takes to
Answers record a BMI reading, and they don’t come
1 A Body mass index (BMI) is often used with any official cut-offs that can be used to
as a way of establishing whether a make easy assessments. All this explains
person’s weight should be regarded why BMI continues to be the standard.
as normal or not, and it is used to
categorise individuals as underweight or
overweight.
2 B BMI neither measures fat, nor gives any
information about where fat might be
located in the body.
3 A To find an adult’s BMI it is necessary to
do a simple calculation.

24 ACADEMIC READING
 TASK TYPE 2 Multiple Choice (with more than one answer)

IELTS PRACTICE TASK 1

Answers
1 D Migration ... Leaving early may mean
arriving too soon for the optimum
nesting conditions which may have an
effect on breeding rates.
2 E Light pollution ... takes a biological toll on
people as well: sleep deprivation,
increased incidence of headaches,
fatigue, stress and anxiety have all
been attributed to light pollution by
researchers. At least one recent study
has suggested a correlation between
higher rates of certain types of cancer
and the night-time brightness of
residential areas.
3 B Simple changes in lighting design yield
immediate changes in the amount of
light spilt into the atmosphere and often
represent energy savings.
4 D Timers and sensors can turn off artificial
lighting when it is not needed.
Illuminated outdoor advertising, for
example, doesn’t have to operate all night.

IELTS PRACTICE TASK 2

Answers
1/2 C Word began to leak out (= spread). The
French customs police warned Long that
antiquities thieves (= people who steal
valuable antiques and old treasures)
might be watching his operation.
1/2 E The project would need to be completed
by 2013. That sounds like enough time
unless you know about ancient wood. …
usually the Rhône is safe for diving only
from late June to October; otherwise
the current is too strong. Three or
four months would not be enough to
excavate Arles-Rhône 3.
3/4 C When a modest town like ours got
400,000 visitors, the politicians
understood that the economic return
was strong (= money could be made
from archaeological exhibitions).
3/4 E Marlier and her team found the crew’s
personal effects (=the items they
owned). A sickle they’d used to chop fuel
for their cooking fire ... A plate and a gray
pitcher that belonged to the same man
... . ‘That’s what’s exceptional (= unusual,
not normal) about this boat,’ said Marlier.

ACADEMIC READING 25
 TASK TYPE 3 Summary Completion (1)

ANSWER KEY 9
Answers
A About the task 3 no need to write ‘caused’– ‘started’ is already
in the summary
1 4 wrong term
Answers 5 wrong term
1 Wrong – it can sometimes be different 6 ‘grassland’ is not a type of food
2 Wrong – the instructions tell you the word 7 too many words
limit. 8 wrong spelling
3 Correct
4 Correct IELTS PRACTICE TASK 1
5 Wrong – all spelling must be correct

Answers
B Sample questions 1 texture what has been lost in terms of taste
2 and texture
2 shelf life growers are not paid for flavour,
Answers they’re paid for yield and extended shelf life,
1 gravitational 3 consumer put together an integrated
2 sleep lab system that starts with the consumer and
3 artificially controlled what they want.
4 brain activity 4 heritage what are sometimes called
5 30%/thirty percent heritage tomatoes, which date back to the
6 5/five minutes period before mass commercialisation,
7 regulate 5 smell Most important are ‘volatiles’, many
8 circalunar clock of which also contribute strongly to the
enticing smell of freshly-picked tomatoes.
6 geranial whilst others such as geranial,
D Skills-building exercises which had been regarded as marginal
4 contributors, were actually key.
Suggested Answers 7 hybrid ‘People love the taste of this hybrid
and it is easier to grow,’ Klee says.
a (a number): gaps 1, 10
8 genetically modified/GM he does not see
b (a place name): gap 7
a role for GM technology in breeding better
c (a specific term): gaps 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
tomatoes
d (a plural noun): gaps 2, 3

7
Answers
1 90/ninety
2 flightless birds
3 (bush) fires
4 warm(-)dry
5 desertification
6 plant matter/vegetation
7 Antarctica
8 surface water
9 eastern
10 15%/fifteen percent

26 ACADEMIC READING
 TASK TYPE 3 Summary Completion (1)

IELTS PRACTICE TASK 2

Answers
1 animals Dyes that were derived from
vegetables were usually cheaper and more
easily obtainable than ones derived from
animals.
2 leaves The roots of a plant called
madder were used to create a strong red
colour, and the leaves of the indigo shrub
produced a colour between blue and violet.
3 royalty … some colours were only
worn by very wealthy people or royalty,
for example, purple which originated in
the Mediterranean … and black … which
indicated high status in 14th century Europe.
4 cosmetics Carmine remains a major
component of food colouring and cosmetics
even now.
5 fading … or that the material, when
exposed to the sun, would not suffer from
fading over a period of time.
6 malaria In 1856, he was experimenting
in his laboratory, with the aim of synthesising
the drug quinine, used to help people
suffering from malaria.
7 cotton He … developed a technique to
apply the dye to cotton materials that could
be made into dresses and accessories.
8 brand Now, when it comes to
establishing a brand, it is often the use of
colour or a colour combination, that speaks to
potential buyers …

ACADEMIC READING 27
 TASK TYPE 4 Summary Completion (2)

ANSWER KEY D Skills-building exercises

4
A About the task Answers
1 1 d 2 a 3 a 4 d 5 a
6 b 7 b 8 d 9 b 10 c
Answers
1 False. You are mostly reading for ideas and
views.
2 False. Some of them do and some don’t. 8
3 False. The summary usually relates to one Answers
section of the passage, but may not
always. 1 clay These were jars made of clay
4 False. They are usually in the same order. 2 transport the Romans needed millions of
5 False. You write the correct letter on the them to ship liquids like olive oil and fish
answer sheet. sauce around the empire.
3 re-used Often, they didn’t recycle their
empties.
4 broken Monte Testaccio, that consists
B Sample questions almost entirely of shattered amphorae
2 5 transferred Freight from all over the
Mediterranean was unloaded from ocean-
Answers
going vessels and reloaded into riverboats
1 I proportion cities as the source of 75%
of greenhouse gas emissions ... are also
the consumers of 75% of the world’s 9
natural resources Answers
2 B formation One group of cities has gone
a step further and formed the Biophilic 6 D shadow a shadow in the riverbed that
Cities Network, reveals the presence of the Roman
3 C commitment Any city joining the rubbish.
network is asked to commit to the 7 G object noticed a large lump of wood
following aims sticking out of the mud
4 E protection Work diligently to protect 8 A intact The barge was almost intact;
and restore nature most of it was still buried
5 A initiatives programmes and projects 9 H cargo excavations revealed that it had
which have been successfully applied in held on to its last cargo
the city 10 F possessions even to a few personal
6 H expertise Assist other cities outside the effects left behind by its crew.
group ... sharing technical expertise and
knowledge 12

Answers
6 the correct answer is a singular (not a plural)
noun
7 wrong word: the text says ‘a large lump of
wood’, it doesn’t say a boat
8 the correct answer is an adjective, not a noun
9 wrong word: this section of the text doesn’t
refer to rubbish
10 the correct answer is a plural (not a singular)
noun

28 ACADEMIC READING
 TASK TYPE 4 Summary Completion (2)

IELTS PRACTICE TASK 1

Answers
1 C to defend species such as ants, which
aggressively defend the feeding areas
2 H to rethink opens the door to a
completely new way of thinking about
3 K cultural transmission this preference
has been reinforced by cultural
transmission between generations.
4 J to follow new arrivals at a colony follow
experienced old hands
5 E feeding patterns This raises the
question of how many other species
show segregated feeding patterns.
6 B conservation strategies The answer will
be important for formulating conservation
strategies.

IELTS PRACTICE TASK 2

Answers
1 E unable to understand the perspective of
other people, and that they were also
quite irrational …
2 G … humans experience a far longer
childhood than any other species.
Nevertheless, this does, in fact, benefit
them in the long run.
3 C … these animals enter the world with
specific innate capabilities that allow
them to survive in a particular set of
environmental circumstances.
4 A It is also the area which allows a person
to control their feelings and moderate
their social behaviour.
5 H … because they are uninhibited in this
way, it may encourage them to explore
freely and learn flexibly …
6 F … children learn best from normal daily
interaction with other people and things
…

ACADEMIC READING 29
 TASK TYPE 5 Identifying Information (True/False/Not Given)

ANSWER KEY D Skills-building exercises

6
A About the task
Answers
1
1 A TRUE B FALSE The recipes were collected
Answers into a book 1,500 years ago, but they were in
1 Yes existence several centuries before that.
2 Yes 2 A FALSE B TRUE Not much is known about
3 Yes this man other than the fact that he loved
4 No – the information in the passage is good food and enjoyed a luxurious lifestyle.
correct, but the information in the statements 3 A TRUE B FALSE This book was once
may not match it word for word. famous but, unfortunately, it has since been
5 No – you have to write TRUE, FALSE or NOT lost.
GIVEN in the box. 4 A FALSE B TRUE Few scholars today think
Apicius was the actual author of the recipes
in the book that bears his name.
B Sample questions 5 A FALSE B TRUE Some of the recipes,
2 such as the one for Isicia Omentata (a kind
of ancient Roman burger), would not seem
Answers strange to us today.
1 TRUE the National Center for Atmospheric 6 A TRUE B FALSE ... for ingredients that
Research (NCAR) in the USA is experimenting would have been rare and hard to come by
with new ways of achieving a greater level of even in Ancient Rome, such as flamingo
accuracy in snowfall figures. tongues, roast ostrich and camel heels.
2 NOT GIVEN Guttman’s colleagues have been This indicates that the book was written for
testing a number of new snow-measuring wealthy Romans, as only they could have
devices, including ultrasonic snow depth afforded such exotic ingredients.
sensors, which send out a pulse of noise
and measure how long it takes to bounce
back from the surface below the snow, and 8
laser sensors which work on the same basic Answers
principle but use light instead of sound. (It 1 GIVEN (TRUE) Around 1769, an Austrian
does not tell you if the ultrasonic sensors are inventor constructed one called the Chess
more reliable than laser sensors.) Turk.
3 FALSE Another device for measuring 2 NOT GIVEN (Franklin was fascinated by the
snowfall is a type of open container with machine and said it was the most interesting
motor-vehicle antifreeze inside it. The anti- game of chess he had ever played. (But we
freeze melts the snow as it falls and sensors don’t know who won.)
measure the weight of the resulting liquid. 3 GIVEN (FALSE) The writer Edgar Allan Poe
4 FALSE Not only would this method be more wrote an essay explaining how he thought
cost effective than other methods … the Chess Turk worked, though his theories
5 TRUE it might also be particularly useful for proved to be incorrect.
measuring the snow in remote locations such 4 GIVEN (TRUE) It was discovered that a living
as inaccessible upland areas and the highest chess master was concealed within the
mountain peaks and ranges. machine, plotting the moves and operating
6 NOT GIVEN Basically, this is just a flat the machinery.
piece of white-painted wood on which 5 NOT GIVEN (The computer was developed in
snow can accumulate. Windshields placed the 1950s, but we don’t know when the first
around these can also add to the accuracy chess game was played on one.)
of measurements. (It does not say whether 6 GIVEN (FALSE) In 1997, a chess-playing
the snow board is effective in areas with high supercomputer called Deep Blue played
winds or not.) the reigning world chess champion Garry
Kasparov in two six-game matches. Kasparov
won one of these matches and the computer
won the other.
7 NOT GIVEN (We know that grand masters
find them challenging, but we don’t know
who designed the first ones.)

30 ACADEMIC READING
 TASK TYPE 5 Identifying Information (True/False/Not Given)

10 IELTS PRACTICE TASK 1

Answers
1 TRUE Around 1769, an Austrian inventor Answers
constructed one called the Chess Turk. 1 TRUE In recent years, however, as labour
3 FALSE The writer Edgar Allan Poe wrote an and production costs have soared
essay explaining how he thought the Chess 2 NOT GIVEN (We know about the number
Turk worked, but he didn’t realise it was a employed in Kenya, but there is no
hoax. information about the number employed in
4 TRUE It was discovered that a living chess Europe.)
master was concealed within the machine, 3 FALSE It is the country’s largest agricultural
plotting the moves and operating the foreign exchange earner after tea
machinery. 4 TRUE the UK cut-flower industry now
6 FALSE In 1997, a chess-playing supplies just about ten per cent of the
supercomputer called Deep Blue played country’s needs. Twenty years ago it was
the reigning world chess champion Garry more like half.
Kasparov in two six-game matches. Kasparov 5 FALSE Cranfield University in the UK showed
won one of these matches and the computer that the production of Kenyan flowers,
won the other. including delivery by air freight and truck,
resulted in ...
13 6 NOT GIVEN (We know that roses are
Answers produced there, but there is no information
1 NOT GIVEN (We read that the name comes about other flowers.)
from their language, but we don’t know 7 TRUE with water levels dropping by three
whether Aborigines themselves named the metres, fish catches falling, and …
dolphin.) 8 FALSE Roses, for example, have to be
2 FALSE around a hundred ... another fifty are shipped by air rather than by sea because
known to frequent the saltwater coastal lakes they require constant refrigeration and wilt
of the rural Gippsland region. quickly. Transporting other types of flowers by
3 NOT GIVEN (We know that these species sea can also be tricky compared to air freight.
have different DNA from the Burranans – but
nothing about how similar they are to each
other.) IELTS PRACTICE TASK 2
4 FALSE The results were so surprising that
the team initially thought there was a mistake
and reran the tests. Answers
5 FALSE (Burrunan’s more curved dorsal fin, 1 TRUE … by the beginning of the eighteenth
stubbier beak, and unique colouring that century, they [scientists] agreed without
includes dark gray, mid-grey and white.) exception that it was round.
6 FALSE After reviewing the female dolphin’s 2 NOT GIVEN We are told Newton had a theory
skeleton recently, though, Charlton-Robb’s about the shape of the Earth at the equator,
team determined she was a Burrunan. (We but the text does not refer to him ever having
know that the female dolphin’s skeleton was travelled there.
recently re-examined, but we know nothing 3 TRUE … it was also a serious question that
about what became of the other one.) affected how maps and sailing charts were
7 NOT GIVEN (The research team has drawn, and therefore the safety of sailors at
petitioned the Australian government to list sea.
the animals as endangered, but we know 4 NOT GIVEN One expedition ‘would travel
nothing about the government’s intentions.) close to the North Pole and another ‘to the
equator.’ This refers to future events. The text
does not refer to the two men ever working
together in the past.
5 FALSE Finally, after four years’ work – more
than twice the time the leader had intended –
the survey work was complete.
6 FALSE As part of their research, they
had built small pyramids made of rock as
permanent features from which to take
certain measurements and their remains
can still be seen today as monuments to the
expedition.

ACADEMIC READING 31
 TASK TYPE 6 Identifying the Writer’s Views and Claims (Yes/
No/Not Given)

ANSWER KEY D Skills-building exercises

6
A About the task
Answers
1
1 A NO B YES
Answers I just happened to notice one day that
1 No – you are mostly reading for the writer’s mycelium ... had an unusual quality
views and claims.. 2 A YES B NO
2 Yes, they do. I teamed up with Gavin Mclntyre and our
3 Some of them may – but not all. professor Burt Swersey to figure out how
4 You have to write YES, NO or NOT GIVEN in this could work as a product. Packaging
the correct box. materials made from mushroom waste were
5 No – you write NOT GIVEN. the outcome.
3 A YES B NO
In general, we are cost competitive with
B Sample questions synthetic packaging materials such as
expanded polystyrene and polyethylene.
2 4 A NO B YES
Answers Biomaterials like ours are sustainable, non-
1 NO polluting and need little outside energy to
but I struggled to find any causal link in make.
chapter after chapter of correlations. 5 A YES B NO
2 NO Our key challenge at the moment is an
Rosen fails to convince that their enviable one: scaling up to meet the growing
incidence is on the rise. demand. We’re coping with it.
3 NOT GIVEN
(We hear about the argument put forward in
8
the book, but nothing about its influence.)
4 YES Answers
warning that we cannot trust the large 1 GIVEN
corporations that run the Internet with our It remains one of the best books around for
precious personal data. It’s a viewpoint I’m demystifying the deliberately mysterious arts
entirely sympathetic with. of advertising.
5 NOT GIVEN 2 NOT GIVEN
(We hear about the WHO’s statistics on road (There is no information about Packard’s
accidents, but nothing about their views on background in psychology in the passage.)
social networking.) 3 GIVEN
6 YES Packard’s book was a great success, his
If you can’t go five minutes without a status impeccable choice of a very catchy title
update then, yes, you should probably step revealing just how well he understood at least
away from the touchscreen, one of the basic rules of marketing.
4 NOT GIVEN
(There is no information in the passage about
where the term came from. The passage just
says ‘Although the term was yet to be coined
…’)
5 GIVEN
Vicary later admitted that he’d made up the
original sales figures. In fact, it’s likely that he
never even conducted the first experiment, so
his findings deserve to be disregarded.
6 NOT GIVEN
(There is no mention of evidence in the
passage, only that people still believe in the
idea.)

32 ACADEMIC READING
 TASK TYPE 6 Identifying the Writer’s Views and Claims (Yes/No/Not Given)

10 IELTS PRACTICE TASK 1

Answers
Answers
1 YES
1 NO
3 YES
pidgin English. Once you learn that – and
5 YES
Europeans usually manage this in less than
six months – you can speak directly to the
11
local people.
Answers 2 NOT GIVEN
1 NOT GIVEN (We hear that the para-ecologists are locally
(We know that some containers will trained – but the cost of this is not mentioned
eventually be retired, but we have no and no comparison with Europe is made.)
information about what will happen to the 3 NOT GIVEN
majority.) (We hear that the rate of pay per insect had
2 NOT GIVEN to be reduced – but nothing about how this
(There is no information about this in the affected the collectors.)
passage. The writer doesn’t make this claim.) 4 YES
3 NO This collaboration with local people helps our
(The writer says that it is ‘an innovative research because it opens up possibilities that
solution’ that ‘could catch on’, i.e. it is a new others don’t have. For instance, we have
idea.) contacts with people who own the forest.
4 NO 5 NO
(The writer tells us that even ‘dented and When local people were clearing their part of
beat up’ containers can be reconditioned to the forest, we worked with them
look remarkably attractive.) 6 NO
5 NOT GIVEN ecologists also tend to get overexcited by
(We know that the housing is ‘affordable’, the huge diversity we see in rainforests and
but we have no information about whether the extrapolate it to unrealistic numbers of
containers will be sold or how much they species for the entire planet.
cost.)
6 NO
(The writer’s view is that ‘containers cannot
by themselves solve the urban housing needs
of developing nations.’)

ACADEMIC READING 33
 TASK TYPE 6 Identifying the Writer’s Views and Claims (Yes/No/Not Given)

IELTS PRACTICE TASK 2

Answers
1 NO
The consequent reductions have been
dramatic (= large, significant), showing that
laws like this can and do make a difference.
2 NOT GIVEN
Cheap natural gas has recently reduced
the demand for coal in the U.S., but elsewhere
demand is rising. We are not told whether gas
is now more commonly used than coal, or
whether the writer thinks this will happen in
the future.
3 NOT GIVEN
Those customers pay relatively little to power
the contents of their households; refrigerators,
washers, dryers, flatscreens and lights. This
sentence only tells us about people’s
behaviour; we don’t know whether the writer
wants people to change this behaviour.
4 NO
However, they (= Mountaineer) were unable to
obtain the financial investment they needed
from the United States Department of Energy,
due to a change in climate change legislation,
and they were forced (= they were obliged) to
abandon it (= give up on the project).
5 YES
Although some voices in the media have
expressed concerns about the possibility of a
sudden and catastrophic leak of carbon
dioxide ... the risk (= chance) of this happening
is extremely low.
6 YES
Technological innovation is only half a solution,
though. It won’t be adopted by other power
companies until governments require it (=
make it necessary by law).

34 ACADEMIC READING
 VOCABULARY 2
8
ANSWER KEY
Answers
1 maximise
2 massive
Linking words and phrases 3 resilient
2 4 remote
Answers 5 exclude
1 c According to Ahima, there’s no single
number to represent healthy weight.
2 d Since the early twentieth century,
studies have linked obesity and health. Identifying the writer’s views and
3 e Further studies show that a low BMI can claims
be dangerous.
4 b This raises the question of why BMI is 10
widely used. Answers
5 f Other methods have their drawbacks as in favour: 4; against: 1, 2, 3, 5
well.
6 a All this explains why BMI continues to be
the standard.
Collocation
Collocation: verb/noun/adjective +
Affixes preposition
5
12
Answers Answers
1 not
1 into
2 not
2 after
3 too much
3 to
4 again
4 for
5 you can
5 into
6 full of
6 with

Collocation: verb + noun

Synonyms
13
6
Answers
Answers 1 develop chess playing computers
1 development 6 interesting 2 download a program from the Internet
2 never-ending 7 change totally 3 create a chess-playing machine
3 big 8 keep 4 play a game of chess
4 remember 9 equal 5 operate machinery
5 careful 6 write an essay
(The more academic words are in the list (1–9). 7 plot moves
8 win a match

Antonyms
7 15
Answers Answer
1 ancient 5 weak The verbs collocate with the word snow.
2 minimise 6 nearby
3 tiny 7 different
4 slow 8 include

ACADEMIC READING 35
 VOCABULARY 2

Common IELTS Topic: Human

behaviour
Affixes: Changing verbs to nouns
16
Answers
1 workings
2 performance
3 development
4 disturbance
5 surroundings
6 avoidance
7 establishment
8 assessment
9 findings

Relationships and connection

17

Answers
1 d 2 h 3 a 4 g 5 e
6 b 7 c 8 f

Common IELTS topic: Agriculture

Collocation: adjective + noun
18
Answers
1 fresh 5 controlled
2 severe 6 hard
3 primary 7 top
4 excess 8 exact

36 ACADEMIC READING
ACADEMIC READING PRACTICE TEST

ANSWER KEY

Answers questions will not stop them.

1 FALSE The earliest recorded use of leeches 20 A the hottest new thing in the car industry as
being used for this purpose dates back 3500 years technology companies and carmakers race to build
to paintings of medicinal leeches in … Ancient vehicles.
Egypt. 21 school or school runs where parents help their
2 TRUE In classical … Rome, bloodletting with kids with their homework
leeches was believed necessary to restore the 22 slow-reacting No longer under the control of
body’s essential balance, even in perfectly healthy slow-reacting humans, cars can travel much closer.
people. 23 lanes Also, by driving close together in narrow
3 TRUE although in many cases, the treatment lanes
was ineffective and often even dangerous 24 speed at a constant speed
4 NOT GIVEN We know that lots of leeches were 25 B/C most buyers would be priced out of the
used in France, but there is no information about market.
use in other countries. 26 C/B Even a small number of mishaps would raise
5 FALSE A good collector could gather up to 2,500 difficult questions about the technology.
leeches in a day. 27 YES but there was little research in this field until
6 TRUE the creature was in danger of becoming the 1780s. That is when William Jones noted the
extinct, and leech farms were established … to similarity between Latin, Greek and Sanskrit, and
ensure a continued supply. proposed that they all derived from a common
7 NOT GIVEN (We hear that it was considered ancestral language. This idea is the basis for
‘old-fashioned’ and ‘barbaric’ but we have no historical linguistics
specific information about the USA.) 28 NO For instance, by comparing Romany with
8 NOT GIVEN (We know that he wrote an article various Indian languages, it was possible to prove
that changed people’s opinions, but nothing about that India was the original homeland of the Roma
how long it took him or how difficult it was to people living in Europe.
convince them.) 29 NO Traditionally, linguists have believed that it
9 (from) clotting saliva contains a natural anti- was impossible for words to exist in a recognisable
coagulant called hirudin that prevents blood from form for more than nine thousand years. Recently,
clotting however, evolutionary biologist … claim to have
10 (local) anaesthetic It acts as a local anaesthetic traced a group of common words back to the
because it contains a chemical that numbs its language used by hunter-gatherers some fifteen
host so that person doesn’t know that a leech has thousand years ago.
attached itself 30 NOT GIVEN (The team from Reading published a
11 swelling contains a chemical that brings down report in the Proceedings of the National Academy
swelling of Sciences but it doesn’t say whether the National
12 natural antibiotic bacteria that produce a natural Academy of Sciences was impressed with the
antibiotic substance to prevent their host picking research methods.)
up other infections 31 NOT GIVEN (The researchers studied some two
13 arthritis it is useful in treating arthritis hundred cognates, but the passage doesn’t say
14 E Volvo, which builds cars programmed to spot whether they studied words that begin with the
and avoid large animals such as moose. same sound in various languages.)
15 B The media was treating it as one of those 32 YES The researchers examined commonly used
things crazy professors do,’ says Broggi. ‘When words.
we made it to the national news, our drive was 33 C About half of the world’s current population
broadcast after an item about the fattest cat in the speaks one of the languages in these seven
world. families,
16 B Google’s demonstration of self-driving 34 F Dravidian, which includes languages spoken in
technology in 2010 … put a rocket under the southern India;
industry’. 35 D ‘proto-words’ which they believed to be the
17 F To spread the cost, autonomous cars will common ancestral item of vocabulary
simply have to work harder 36 H and were gratified to find 24 that were shared
18 G If it can be summoned with nothing more by at least four of the language families
than the tap of a smartphone app, then discarded 37 B although frustratingly only one (thou) that was
after dropping a passenger off, why bother to own found in all seven.
a car outright? ‘People won’t buy robotic cars, 38 C ‘I was really delighted to see it there,’ he
they’ll subscribe to them, says. ‘Our society is characterised by a degree of
19 E Meanwhile, insurers have nightmares cooperation and reciprocity that you simply don’t
about court cases involving crashes for which see in any other animal.’
responsibility lies with a defective microchip
rather than a person. Carmakers say these difficult

ACADEMIC READING 37
 ACADEMIC READING PRACTICE TEST

39 D This is the latest of many attempts to get

around the unfortunate fact that systematic
sound-meaning correspondences in related
languages decay so much over time that even
if the words survive, they are unrecognisable
as cognates … This means that word sets that
have similar meanings and also sound similar
after fifteen thousand years are unlikely to
share those similar sounds as the result of
inheritance from a common ancestor.
40 A ‘It probably won’t convince most historical
linguists to accept the hypothesis, but their
resistance may soften somewhat.’

38 ACADEMIC READING
 STUDENT’S BOOK PRACTICE TEST
M: As in the colour?
ANSWER KEY F: That’s right
M: And the postcode?
Answers F: LZ2 43D
M: Thank you. And which faculty are you studying in?
LISTENING (pages 104–107) F: I’m doing a joint honours degree in Law and Spanish, so
I’m in two faculties actually.
Part 1 M: I see – just a moment let me check that here.
1 Nathalie F: Nathalie. Ummm...... OK – you’re actually down as in the Faculty
M: Is that N-A-T-H- A-L-I-E? of Law rather than Languages – but that’s fine. Could I
F: Yes, that’s right. take a mobile number in case we need to get in touch
2 U732094 The number is U732094. with you?
3 Green F: Yes, it’s 22 Green Street. F: Sure, it’s 0773 3129046.
M: As in the colour? M: And is it OK for us to send texts to that number – like
F: That’s right reminders of bookings, that sort of thing?
4 Law you’re actually down as in the F: Could you send an email instead?
Faculty of Law M: Sure. What’s the address?
5 0773 3129046 Sure, it’s 0773 3129046 F: It’s nat dot dan at internet dot com – that’s all lower
6 nat.dan It’s nat dot dan at internet dot com – case N-A-T, dot, D-A-N.
that’s all lower case N-A-T, dot, D-A-N M: Thank you. So that’s nat dot dan at internet dot com?
7 priority you have what’s called priority booking F: Correct.
M: OK – so which level of gym membership did you want?
8 £235.00 Each semester would then only cost
F: Oh – I’m not sure. Can you tell me what’s available,
you £235.00.
please?
9 Standard F: OK – and did you say there’s also a M: Yes, of course. Basically there are three packages to
third package? choose from which offer different levels of access
M: Ah yes – that’s the standard one. depending on the price.
10 same day You can only do what we call same day F: Oh, I see.
bookings. M: Shall I run through them for you?
F: Thanks, that’d be great.
Audioscript M: So the best deal is what we call our gold package – that
costs £500 per semester and it gives you free access
Part 1 20
to all facilities in the gym. You still have to book, but
You will hear a telephone conversation between you have what’s called priority booking – as long as the
the receptionist at a university sports centre and a gym’s not fully booked, you can come at any time and
student. stay as long as you like – there are no time restrictions.
M: Good morning. University Sports Centre. Ali speaking. How F: Sounds fantastic – but quite expensive.
can I help you? M: Sure – so maybe you should consider the silver
F: Hi. I’m a student at the university and I’d like to book some package. Each semester would then only cost you
time in the gym, please? £235.00.
M: OK – have you registered with the gym? F: And what do you get for that?
F: Oh no – sorry. I didn’t realise … M: You get free access to all facilities with the exception
M: That’s OK – we can do it now over the phone, but you’ll of the sauna – you’d have to pay extra to use that. In
need to bring your student ID in with you the first time you terms of bookings, silver members have what we call
come in. OK? dedicated windows, when they can book in advance,
F: Oh yes, thanks. subject to availability.
M: OK. First of all, what’s your surname? F: I see … and how often could I come?
F: DANVERS – that’s D-A-N-V-E-R-S. M: It would be limited to six sessions per week.
M: … OK … and your first name? F: OK – and did you say there’s also a third package?
F: Nathalie. M: Ah yes – that’s the standard one. That only costs £50.00
M: Is that N-A-T-H-A-L-I-E? per semester and gives you limited access to the
F: Yes, that’s right. But I prefer to be called Tally. facilities.
M: That’s OK – this is just for the registration form. F: How limited?
We need your full name for that. M: Well, for example, you can only do what we call same
F: I see. In that case it’s Nathalie Davina. day bookings. That means you can’t book in advance
M: OK. So is that what appears on your student ID card? and you can’t reserve a regular slot – it’s all on a first
F: Yes – That’s right. come, first served basis.
M: Right – I’ve got that here on screen. Can I just check your F: I see. And how often could I come?
ID number, please? M: You’d be limited to four sessions a week on that one.
F: Yes … I’ve got it here ....... The number is U732094. F: OK – well I think the silver package will suit me best.
M: Thank you. And I just need to ask you one or two security M: Great – so how would you like you pay …
questions.
F: Sure.
M: Can I take the first line of your address, please?
F: Yes, it’s 22 Green Street.

STUDENT’S BOOK PRACTICE TEST 39

 Student’s Book Practice Test Answer Key and Audioscript

Part 2 Now, a few points about health and safety. We do have a

first-aid kit and this is shared with people in other sections.
11 B your own headset ... you’ll find this in your desk in
It is, therefore, kept in the kitchen area. You’ll also find a list
the second drawer down
of first aiders and their extension numbers – Look it’s here
12 D You’ll find a supply of these pads in the stationary – on the door of the stationery cupboard.
cupboard, when you need a new one We also have regular fire drills – you need to read the
13 G If the printer runs out of ink, though, you’ll need instructions so you know what to do if you hear the bell. You
to change the cartridge. These are kept under lock and each have a laminated copy – please study it carefully, then
key in the filing cabinet. put it back in your drawer so you know where it is. You’ll find
14 H paper copies of all the blank forms which you see it in the top one. Remember – your quickest exit route is
on screen. These are kept in a box file on the shelf through the kitchen.
above your heads, next to the dictionaries other So – before I go on – does anybody have any questions?
reference books. Ok – so a bit about the work itself. As you know, the
15 F We do have a first-aid kit ...... kept in the kitchen company sells mostly everyday household items and
area. these account for majority of orders you’ll be dealing with.
16 A put it back in your drawer so you know where it is Sometimes, customers have specific queries regarding
if you need to consult it. You’ll find it in the top one. electrical appliances, in which case you should pass them
17 A the company sells mostly everyday household on to a specialist. Occasionally, you may get a request for
items and these account for majority of orders you’ll cleaning products from commercial customers – like hotels
be dealing with and restaurants – a dedicated team deals with those too, so
18 C In the last year, however, orders coming directly you should pass them on.
from the company’s website have taken over in terms The company’s mail-order catalogue is its traditional source
of volume. of business – this generates orders through the post and
people calling to place orders over the phone. In the last
19 C We’re now extending that to what’s called a ‘click
year, however, orders coming directly from the company’s
and collect’ service,
website have taken over in terms of volume. Most of your
20 B So if somebody asks to speak to your supervisor, work will be with the traditional orders initially, but we’ll be
or to the accounts department, you actually put them training you up on online orders later on.
through to a member of customer services As for delivery options, it’s always been possible for
customers to choose a particular day and time for their
Audioscript delivery because we work with an excellent logistics
Part 2 21 partner. We’re now extending that to what’s called a ‘click
and collect’ service, where deliveries can be left with a
You will hear an office manager welcoming some neighbour or local shop for collection anytime – it’ll be
new employees to their place of work. great for people who are out at work all day. What we can’t
OK – so this is the room where you’ll be working. As you offer though is personal collection from our warehouse
see, four people work here and you each have your own desk – some local customers ask for that, but it’s not practical
with three drawers, your own computer screen, keyboard unfortunately.
etcetera. Finally customer service is important to us. If there are
Now, most of the time, you’re going to be taking customer problems with an order, whether it’s with payments or with
orders, noting down the details and then processing them. the goods themselves, then we have a dedicated team
Most of this is done on the phone, so you need your own to deal with them. So if somebody asks to speak to your
headset, and you’ll find this in your desk in the second supervisor, or to the accounts department, you actually put
drawer down. Remember though that your desk will be used them through to a member of customer services – without
by another staff member on the evening shift, so you need to telling them that of course!
put this away in the place provided. You can also keep a small So before I go on to ......
number of personal items in your desk – but remember the
top drawer is yours and the bottom one’s for your opposite
number on the evening shift. Part 3
A lot of the work you’ll do is on screen – but you may need
21 C/D F: I’d say something on the prices and whether
to note down details as you go, and we provide notepads
the food’s worth what you pay for it would be a good
for that purpose – please don’t use post-it notes and scraps
of paper. You’ll find a supply of these pads in the stationery focus.
cupboard, when you need a new one. M: I’m sure everyone will have a view on that, so I
If you do need to print anything, then the printer’s actually guess we can’t go wrong if we focus on that.
located in the storeroom – that way you’re less disturbed by 22 C/D F: Yeah – people often complain that with the
the noise. If it runs out of paper, then you’ll find a supply in system, like how long you have to wait to pay, which
there too. If the printer runs out of ink, though, you’ll need to means your food’s often cold by the time you get it
change the cartridge. These are kept under lock and key in the to the table.
filing cabinet. You need to sign for the cartridges – you’ll see M: Right – so if we look into that, we might actually
the book in there. be able to propose some changes
Now you’re connected to our network, and everything you 23 A/E F: We should compare the views of two
need is on screen. The system’s very reliable, but naturally student groups, like undergraduates and
we do get occasional problems. So we have paper copies
of all the blank forms which you see on screen. These are
kept in a box file on the shelf above your heads, next to the
dictionaries and other reference books. Remember, you don’t
have internet access on these machines, so we’ve provided
those in case you need them.

40 STUDENT’S BOOK PRACTICE TEST

 Student’s Book Practice Test Answer Key and Audioscript

24 A/E post-graduates? F: …collect people’s views.

M: But, there again, some other members of staff M: Great – so we’ve got our two focuses.
do use the canteen – like the cleaners and people. F: So, I’m thinking we need to do two kinds of research. A
F: But it’s hardly intended for them either – and simple questionnaire – one that we get lots of people
we’re talking about many people anyway. No – let’s to do – then some focus groups with targeted groups.
go with comparing those two main groups of target Let’s talk about the questionnaire first.
users. M: OK. So this questionnaire goes to like a random sample
25 B F: if you can do the actual design, you know the of users?
structure of it and the order we ask things in, then I F: Not completely random. We need to target certain
groups if we want to draw specific conclusions.
don’t mind working on the wording of the questions.
M: So you mean only ask certain groups like students, or
M: OK – that sounds fair enough
staff, or visitors?
26 D F: you’ll do the analysis of the results afterwards. F: Well – perhaps not visitors – the canteen’s not really
M: There is a statistical package, you know, it’s very intended for visitors actually.
straightforward to use. M: It’s not intended for staff either – the lecturers have
F: It’s not that – it’s more that you’d enjoy it more their own dining room.
than me. F: You’re right. Maybe we should compare the views of
M: Ok – it’s a deal. two student groups, like undergraduates and post-
27 A the whole point of this project is to give us graduates?
practice in designing research tools before we do our M: But, there again, some other members of staff do use
own research in our dissertations next summer. the canteen – like the cleaners and people.
28 C the idea is that the questionnaire gives us F: But it’s hardly intended for them either – and we’re
quantitative data, but the focus groups give us the talking about many people anyway. No – let’s go with
reasons for why people think the way they do. comparing those two main groups of target users.
29 B I think no more than six. M: OK – that’s good and simple – let’s do that.
30 A The facilitator’s main job is to get people talking. F: So we need to decide who’s doing what in terms of
putting this questionnaire together, because we need a
Audioscript plan to show to out tutor. She needs to approve it.
M: Sure. I’ll leave you to deal with her, she expects such
Section 3 22 high standards.
You will hear two students discussing a research F: Don’t worry – it’ll be fine. I get on well with her actually,
project they are doing on catering services in so that’s no problem. But I think you’re much better at
their college. actually putting the questionnaire together – if you can
do the actual design, you know the structure of it and
M: Hi Lina. We need to talk about this joint project we’re
the order we ask things in, then I don’t mind working on
doing on consumer attitudes.
the wording of the questions.
F: Hi Rory. Yeah I’ve been thinking about it. I thought
M: OK – that sounds fair enough. But we need to think
we could do our project on the college canteen – you
about who we give the questionnaire to – how we
know, how satisfied people are with it, what might be
make sure we get a representative sample. Could I
improved that sort of thing.
leave that to you?
M: Great idea. But given what our tutor was saying in
F: No problem – as long as you’ll do the analysis of the
yesterday’s session, we’d need to narrow it down a bit.
results afterwards.
F: Sure. I’ve come up with five main areas, but I’m not
M: There is a statistical package, you know, it’s very
sure which two to concentrate on. So what’ve you got?
straightforward to use.
M: Well – there’s the food itself, what’s on offer, whether
F: It’s not that – it’s more that you’d enjoy it more than me.
it caters to the needs of different groups, you know
M: Ok – it’s deal.
dietary requirements of vegetarians, different ethnic
F: Thanks.
groups ….
M: Ok – so that’s the questionnaire. But we also need to
F: Yeah – that’s important – but pretty much on the
do some focus groups.
surface. I mean you could just look at the menus to test
F: Why do we need to do those exactly?
that, you don’t have to ask people.
M: Well – the whole point of this project is to give us
M: You’re right – for this type of project we need more
practice in designing research tools before we do our
subjective ideas. Like whether people like the
own research in our dissertations next summer.
atmosphere in the canteen itself.
F: Oh right – so we’re not really interested in what people
F: That’s a bit vague – I’d say something on the prices and
think of the canteen.
whether the food’s worth what you ` pay for it would be
M: We can still present our findings to the canteen
a good focus.
management – but they’re not asking us to do this
M: I’m sure everyone will have a view on that, so I guess
study are they? It was our idea.
we can’t go wrong if we focus on that.
F: I guess you’re right. But we’ll have the data from the
F: OK – but the other one then needs to be less
questionnaires, so what extra do we get from the focus
predictable – more specific to our canteen.
groups?
M: Like how long you have to queue up, whether the staff
M: I think the idea is that the questionnaire gives us
are friendly – that sort of thing?
quantitative data, but the focus groups give us the
F: Yeah – people often complain that with the system, like
reasons for why people think the way they do.
how your long you have to wait to pay, which means
F: I see. So how many people do you think there should
your food’s often cold by the time you get it to the
be in each group?
table.
M: Right – so if we look into that, we might actually be able
to propose some changes…

STUDENT’S BOOK PRACTICE TEST 41

 Student’s Book Practice Test Answer Key and Audioscript

M: I think no more than six. If they’re the right people, and First of all, then, what does a basking shark look like? Well,
you do quite a few sessions with different people, then the first thing to say is that, for a fish, it’s very large – it’s
you should get quite a good range of views. So I’d say actually the second largest to be found anywhere on earth,
a minimum of five face-to-face sessions – maybe as reaching a length of up to ten metres when it’s fully grown.
many as eight. The first thing you notice about the basking shark is the
F: And are all the sessions the same? I mean, are they like size of its mouth – which is enormous – and the fact that it
standardised? swims along with its mouth wide open, swallowing up to
M: Well, you don’t know what people are going to say – so 1.5 million litres of water an hour. The next thing you notice
they can go off in different directions – but the need to is the fact that the basking shark has no teeth. It doesn’t
have a structure that the facilitator follows. need them because it feeds on small organisms known as
F: So who’s the facilitator? plankton, which it filters out of the water it swallows. This
M: One of us – I mean companies use trained market makes it very different from other species of shark which
researchers for this – so people do it as a job – but we are top predators.
couldn’t afford that. I think it’s a useful skill to develop So, what of the basking shark’s conservation status? Well,
actually. until relatively recently the fish was quite widely hunted.
F: Sure. And I guess that you’d video the whole thing – This was because oils could be extracted from its liver,
because it’d be hard to both lead the discussion and and these were used in certain industrial processes. This
make notes. hunting has now been outlawed.
M: That’s right. The facilitator’s main job is to get people Although the basking shark doesn’t feature on the list of
talking – you can transcribe a recording afterwards if endangered animals, because it is not directly threatened
you want to quote people – or do any kind of analysis. with extinction, it is regarded as ‘vulnerable’, which is
And somebody else can be there do the filming if you another of the terms used by conservationists to categorise
like. the status of less common species. In other words, it may
F: Sounds fun. be at risk.
M: Yeah - I’m looking forward to it. This is partly because of the animal’s feeding behaviour.
Because it swims close to the surface, it’s more likely to be
Part 4 injured by human activity. All shipping is a danger to it, but
31 second largest it’s actually the second largest to be speedboats pose the greatest danger. This is because they
found anywhere on earth come upon the fish suddenly and it has little chance to get
out of the way.
32 teeth The next thing you notice is the fact that the
Having said that, the basking shark prefers what we would
basking shark has no teeth.
define as open water, thus lessening the chances of such
33 liver This was because oils could be extracted from problems. Creatures inhabiting coastal waters are more at
its liver, and these were used in certain industrial risk from this type of human activity.
processes. Which brings us nicely to the focus of our current research
34 vulnerable it is regarded as ‘vulnerable’, which is project. Although the basking shark is regularly seen –
another of the terms used by conservationists to thanks to its size and the fact that it feeds close to the
categorise the status of less common species. surface – we also know that the species is migratory.
35 speedboats speedboats pose the greatest danger. Little is known, however, about the details of its migratory
36 open water the basking shark prefers what we behaviour. Our research is therefore concentrated on two
would define as open water, main questions.
37 latitudes Firstly, we’d like to establish whether it Firstly, we’d like to establish whether it migrates to different
migrates to different latitudes. latitudes. We know that the species is quite widespread, but
38 depths Secondly, we’d like to find out to what extent we don’t know to what extent individual fish move about.
the fish migrates to different depths. Secondly, we’d like to find out to what extent the fish
39 hotspots What we’ve been doing is concentrating migrates to different depths. In other words, where does
on parts of the ocean that we call hotspots. it go when it’s not feeding on the surface, like when it’s
40 (electronic) tagging researchers have selected moving from one area to another?
tag(s)/three quite different forms of tagging to use for To find out, researchers have been using the latest satellite
this project technology to try and track the movements of these
creatures. What we’ve been doing is concentrating on parts
of the ocean that we call hotspots. These are places to
Audioscript which basking sharks are particularly attracted thanks to the
Part 4 23 large amounts of plankton available. By placing an electronic
transmitter known as a tag under an individual animal’s
You will hear a marine biologist giving a talk skin, it’s possible then to trace its movements. There are
about a species of fish called the basking shark. various techniques available and researchers have selected
three quite different forms of tagging to use for this project.
Good evening. Thank you for coming to this talk about the
Preliminary results already suggest that the basking sharks
basking shark. I’m going to tell you a little bit about the fish,
do indeed travel quite long distances, and not always at the
discuss its conservation status, and then give you some
surface.
information about the research we’ve been doing into its
So before I go on to .....
migratory behaviour.

42 STUDENT’S BOOK PRACTICE TEST

 Student’s Book Practice Test Answer Key and Audioscript

ACADEMIC READING (pages 108–115) Reading Passage 3

Reading Passage 1 27 YES At that time, the field of open heart
surgery was still in its infancy,
1 2.5 the skipjack tuna is a cheap plentiful fish, which
28 NO Although specialist medical labs and surgeons in
has seen the biggest rise in global annual catch in the
operating theatres had sought to develop a better
last fifty years, with more than 2.5 million.
solution, nobody had found one that worked.
2 least concern This, in common with the skipjack
29 YES Cosgrove happened to spot a kind of flexible
tuna, is put in the ‘least concern’ category
hoop that 19th-century American women used for
3 yellowfin This is closely followed by the yellowfin
embroidering pieces of cloth. That’s when he had his
with 1.5 million tons caught a year
‘Aha!’ moment
4 vulnerable the conservation status of the main
30 NOT GIVEN (We have no information about how
varieties varies from ‘vulnerable’ in the case of the
it was viewed at first – we only know that it was
bigeye
eventually widely adopted.)
5 0.25 The albacore is another popular canned tuna
31 NOT GIVEN ( We have no information about this –
fish, with 0.25 million tons caught annually.
only hearing about other things he invented.)
6 Pacific the Pacific variety ... in common with the
32 YES This question is becoming increasingly crucial
skipjack tuna, is put in the ‘least concern’ category.
as western economies scramble to find ways of
7 endangered with the Pacific variety the only bluefin to
boosting productivity.
escape the ‘endangered’ category
33 NO an answer to just what it is that sparks these
8 FALSE the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern–have
flashes of creative genius remains unclear. Is it
divided the world’s oceans among themselves, and
best achieved by training up specialists? Or should
they roam all regions except the polar.
companies try to mix people up? Or should they
9 TRUE If a tuna ever stops swimming it suffocates.
simply refuse to meddle at all – and just hope that
10 FALSE a tuna’s body remains relatively rigid while
serendipity strikes?
only its tail whips back and forth.
34 C he attributes his moments of serendipity to at
11 FALSE At least two groups share the Atlantic.
least two things. One is hard to replicate ... dyslexia.
One spawns in the Gulf of Mexico, the other in the
35 D Cosgrove is a firm believer, for example, in the
Mediterranean.
value of travelling widely into different worlds, .... be
12 TRUE Stone Age people painted Atlantic bluefin
that to conferences, work trips or simply holidays.
tuna on the walls of Sicilian caves
36 B The MIT Media Lab in Boston, for example,
13 NOT GIVEN Across all the Mediterranean,
likes to take academics from completely different
everybody netted giant tuna.
disciplines and force them to work side by side to
Reading Passage 2 spark unusual ideas. The research and development
14 B This still represents one of the highest known wings of companies such as 3M ... do something
densities of the species similar.
15 D extinction was anticipated within just a few years. 37 A which tries to encourage institutions to become
16 E The Tarout is the first plant known to produce more creative where different departments collide
offspring just from its pollen with each other.
17 F University of Algiers have also shown that the 38 D Another school of thought argues that what is
trees can take quick advantage of extremely brief wet most important is creating some organisational mess
cycles 39 B Alexander Fleming stumbled on penicillin
18 B the trees are quite tricky to spot, the trunks often only because his bench was so wildly messy that
hidden in deep valleys experiments were cross-infected
19 A The western world would have to wait another 60 40 C Google or Facebook, have made a virtue out of
years, however, before there was confirmation letting their employees ‘roam’ at regular intervals.
20 C up to a maximum recorded height of 22 metres
21 D there were 10 newly germinated trees ACADEMIC WRITING
22 A/C The first full census was carried out in 1972 by Student’s own answers. Use Writing Band Descriptors
the Algerian Forester Said Grim, who set out on the on pages 58–59 of the Teacher’s Book to mark and give a
greatest challenge of his career – determined to find band score.
every last one of the Tarout.
23 A/C following anecdotal evidence of locations from SPEAKING
the Tuareg herdsmen he met along the way
Student’s own answers. Use Speaking Descriptors on
24 2.23 millimetres the juvenile trees, capable of adding
page 60 to mark and give a band score.
radial growth at a rate of 2.23 millimetres per year.
25 radiocarbon dating Radiocarbon dating techniques
have dating been used instead
26 2000/two thousand They reveal that those of
average girths, at around three metres, are generally
estimated to be around 600 years old, but that the
age of those at around seven metres girth is often
over 2000 years

STUDENT’S BOOK PRACTICE TEST 43