Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Course Code : CSE-3638 [SE] & CSE-3640 [SD2]

Course Title : Software Engineering & Software Development 2

Submitted To :
Sudipta Vaskar Rakshit
Assistant Proffessor,Dept of CSE,IIUC

Submitted By:

Serial Name Of Student ID

No.
01 Md.Sazzadul Islam Bhuiyan C221145
02 Md.Shoabur Rahaman Durjoy C221141R
03 Md.Ashikul Islam C213096
04 Md. Sakib Khan C221151R

Semester : 6th
Submission Date: 17 January,2025
Table of Contents

1. Title Page
2. Table of Contents
3. List of Figures
4. List of Tables
5. Abstract
6. Acknowledgments
7. Executive Summary
8. Problem Statement
9. Introduction
10. Objectives
11. Literature Review
12. Methodology
13. Software Requirement Specification (SRS)
a. Functional Requirements
b. Non-Functional Requirements
14. System Design
a. Choice of Architecture
b. Choice of Programming Language
c. Choice of Operating System
d. Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
e. Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)
f. Use Case Diagram
g. Class Diagram
h. Activity Diagram
i. Sequence Diagram
j. Component Diagram
k. Deployment Diagram
15. Development and Implementation
16. Testing and Validation
17. Results and Analysis
18. Maintenance
19. Conclusion
20. Recommendations
21. Future Work
22. References
23. Appendices
List of Figures

• Figure 1: Sample Data Flow Diagram

• Figure 2: Entity-Relationship Diagram
• Figure 3: Use Case Diagram
• Figure 4: Class Diagram
• Figure 5: Activity Diagram
• Figure 6: Sequence Diagram
• Figure 7: Component Diagram
• Figure 8: Deployment Diagram

List of Tables

• Table 1: Functional Requirements

• Table 2: Non-Functional Requirements
• Table 3: Summary of Testing Results
• Table 4: Comparative Analysis of Tools
• Table 5: Maintenance Plan
1. Abstract:
The **Inventory Management System** is designed to streamline the management of
inventory, encompassing tasks such as stock entry, tracking, item issuance, and return
management. This report covers the entire lifecycle of system development, including
problem analysis, requirements specification, system design, implementation, and testing. The
system leverages a user-friendly interface, efficient backend logic, and robust database
management to ensure real-time updates and accurate inventory tracking.

2. Acknowledgments:
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to everyone who contributed to the successful
completion of this inventory management system project.
First and foremost, I would like to thank [Sudipta Vaskar Rakshit] sir, whose guidance,
expertise, and constructive feedback were invaluable throughout the development process.
Their encouragement and insights helped me navigate challenges and stay focused on
achieving the project objectives.
This project has been an enriching learning experience, and I am truly grateful to all those
who contributed in any way.

3. Executive Summary:
The Inventory Management System aims to resolve inefficiencies in manual inventory handling by
introducing a digital solution. It allows administrators and users to manage stock efficiently, track item
usage, and automate approval workflows. The system ensures better visibility of inventory data and
improves decision-making through insightful reports.

Key Benefits:

• Improved Efficiency: Automates repetitive tasks, reducing manual errors.

• Transparency: Real-time tracking and reporting enhance accountability.
• User-Friendly Interface: Intuitive design for easy adoption by staff.
• Scalability: Designed to accommodate the growing needs of the organization.

4. Problem Statement:
Efficient inventory management is a critical challenge for organizations, particularly those
with diverse departments and extensive inventory needs. Manual processes or outdated
systems often lead to issues such as misplaced items, delayed approvals, insufficient stock
levels, and inefficient resource allocation. In academic and organizational settings, these
challenges are further compounded by the need for streamlined communication and
coordination between various stakeholders, including administrators, faculty, and staff.

The current system lacks a centralized and automated platform for managing inventory, which
leads to the following problems:

⚫ 1.Lack of Real-Time Tracking:

Inventory items are not monitored in real time, resulting in discrepancies in stock levels,
delays in identifying low-stock items, and inefficiencies in the procurement process.
⚫ 2.Cumbersome Request and Approval Processes:
Manual processes for requesting and approving inventory items are time-consuming and
prone to errors. There is no clear workflow to ensure that requests are handled promptly
and routed to the appropriate approver based on department or item type.
⚫ 3.Limited Reporting Capabilities:
The absence of a robust reporting mechanism makes it challenging to generate accurate
inventory usage reports, track item movement, and identify trends in inventory usage for
better decision-making.
⚫ 4.No Automated Alerts for Low Stock or Procurement Needs:
Departments are unable to proactively manage their inventory due to the lack of
automated notifications for low stock or procurement requirements, leading to delays in
replenishment.
⚫ 5.Inadequate User Role Management:
The system lacks proper role-based access control, making it difficult to ensure that users
have permissions appropriate to their roles (e.g., administrator, department staff, or
general user).
⚫ 6.Department-Level Challenges:
The inability to categorize and link inventory items to specific departments results in
inefficiencies when allocating resources and tracking departmental usage.
⚫ 7.Absence of Audit Trails:
There is no mechanism to log user activities or maintain a detailed record of inventory
transactions, which compromises accountability and transparency

5. Introduction:
In today’s dynamic organizational environment, managing inventory efficiently has become a
critical task for institutions and businesses. Inventory encompasses a wide range of items,
including raw materials, finished goods, office supplies, and equipment, that are essential for
operational continuity. Inefficient inventory management can lead to significant challenges
such as stock-outs, overstocking, increased operational costs, and diminished customer or
user satisfaction.

The advent of digital technologies has revolutionized the way inventory is monitored, tracked,
and managed. Traditional manual systems, which relied heavily on paper records and
spreadsheets, often proved to be error-prone and inefficient. Modern inventory management
systems, powered by advanced software and database solutions, enable real-time tracking,
automated workflows, and robust reporting capabilities, addressing many of the inefficiencies
of earlier systems.

This project focuses on the development of a comprehensive inventory management system

designed to cater to the needs of academic institutions and organizations with diverse
departmental structures. The proposed system aims to provide seamless inventory entry,
categorization, real-time stock tracking, automated request and approval workflows, and
advanced reporting features. By leveraging technologies such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and
MySQL, along with a backend programming language, the system seeks to enhance
efficiency, accuracy, and user satisfaction.

The following sections provide an in-depth exploration of the literature on inventory

management, detailing the advancements, challenges, and emerging trends in this domain.
This groundwork serves as a foundation for understanding the significance of the proposed
system and its alignment with current best practices and technological innovations

6. Objectives:
⚫ 1. Automate inventory entry, categorization, and updates.
⚫ 2. Enable real-time stock monitoring.
⚫ 3. Provide a streamlined request and approval process.
⚫ 4. Generate detailed inventory usage reports and alerts.
⚫ 5. Role-Based Access Control

7. Literature Review:
Effective inventory management is a cornerstone of organizational efficiency,
especially in institutions and businesses that deal with multiple departments, diverse
item categories, and extensive procurement needs. This literature review explores
existing approaches, methodologies, and technologies relevant to inventory
management systems, highlighting their benefits, limitations, and scope for
improvement.

1. Inventory Management Systems:

Inventory management systems are designed to monitor, control, and optimize stock
levels while ensuring smooth operations across organizational processes. Traditional
inventory systems relied on manual data entry, paper records, and basic spreadsheets,
which often resulted in human errors, inefficiencies, and delays in decision-making
(Gupta & Mehta, 2018). Modern systems integrate software tools, database
management systems, and real-time monitoring capabilities, providing enhanced
accuracy and operational efficiency.

2. Role of Real-Time Tracking in Inventory Management:

Real-time tracking is a pivotal feature of contemporary inventory systems.
Technologies such as barcodes, QR codes, and Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) have been widely adopted to improve inventory visibility. According to
Kumar et al. (2020), RFID technology can reduce inventory discrepancies by up to
85%, significantly enhancing the reliability of stock management. Real-time systems
enable organizations to minimize stockouts and overstock situations, improving both
customer satisfaction and cost efficiency.

3. Workflow Automation in Request and Approval Processes:

Workflow automation in inventory systems streamlines the processes of requesting
and approving stock. Traditional manual workflows are time-intensive and prone to
miscommunication and delays (Smith, 2019). Automated workflows leverage
predefined rules to ensure that requests are routed to the appropriate approvers,
reducing processing times and enhancing accountability.

For example, a study by Wong and Lee (2021) demonstrated that introducing an
automated approval system in a university setting reduced request turnaround times
by 40% and improved overall staff satisfaction.

4. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) for Enhanced Security:

Security is a critical consideration in inventory systems. Role-Based Access Control
(RBAC) ensures that users have access only to the features and data necessary for
their roles. According to Sandhu et al. (1996), RBAC enhances security by
implementing access controls that minimize the risk of unauthorized actions. In
inventory systems, RBAC is particularly important for protecting sensitive data, such
as procurement records and approval logs.

5. Reporting and Data Analytics:

The ability to generate detailed reports and perform data analytics is another key
feature of modern inventory systems. Accurate and timely reports help in monitoring
inventory usage, identifying trends, and forecasting future requirements (Patel &
Shah, 2022). Systems with integrated analytics provide actionable insights, enabling
better decision-making and resource allocation.

6. Notification Systems: Low-Stock and Procurement Alerts

Notification systems that provide low-stock and procurement alerts help organizations
proactively manage their inventory levels. These systems reduce the likelihood of
stockouts and improve procurement planning. According to a study by Chen et al.
(2020), organizations with automated notification systems saw a 25% reduction in
procurement delays compared to those using manual systems.

7. Limitations of Existing Systems:

Despite advancements, several limitations persist in existing inventory management
systems:
- **Integration Challenges:** Many systems struggle to integrate with existing
organizational processes and software.
- **Scalability Issues:** Some systems are not scalable, limiting their applicability in
growing organizations.
- **User Adoption:** Complex user interfaces and lack of proper training often
hinder user adoption.
- **Cost:** Advanced systems with real-time tracking and analytics can be
prohibitively expensive for small organizations.
8. Emerging Trends in Inventory Management:
Recent advancements in technology are paving the way for more sophisticated
inventory systems:
- **Artificial Intelligence (AI):** AI-powered systems can predict demand, optimize
stock levels, and identify anomalies in inventory data (Yang et al., 2023).
- **Cloud-Based Solutions:** Cloud computing enables remote access and
collaboration, making inventory management more flexible and accessible.
- **Blockchain Technology:** Blockchain provides a secure and transparent way to
track inventory movements and prevent fraud (Johnson & Patel, 2021).

9. Relevance to the Proposed System

The proposed inventory management system aims to address the limitations identified
in existing literature while incorporating best practices and emerging technologies.
Key features such as real-time tracking, automated workflows, role-based access
control, comprehensive reporting, and notification systems align with the needs
identified in previous studies. The proposed system is designed to be scalable, user-
friendly, and cost-effective, making it suitable for implementation in academic and
organizational settings.

#### References:
1. Gupta, R., & Mehta, S. (2018). Challenges in traditional inventory management
systems. *Journal of Operations Research*, 45(3), 123-135.
2. Kumar, P., Sharma, V., & Singh, R. (2020). Enhancing inventory visibility with
RFID technology. *International Journal of Supply Chain Management*, 9(2), 45-56.
3. Smith, J. (2019). Improving workflow automation in inventory systems.
*Management Science Review*, 38(1), 89-102.
4. Wong, T., & Lee, H. (2021). Streamlining inventory approvals in higher education
institutions. *Educational Resource Management Journal*, 12(4), 211-223.
5. Sandhu, R. S., et al. (1996). Role-Based Access Control Models. *IEEE Computer
Society Press*, 29(2), 38-47.
6. Patel, M., & Shah, K. (2022). Data analytics in inventory management. *Journal of
Business Analytics*, 17(3), 77-95.
7. Chen, L., et al. (2020). Impact of notification systems on inventory performance.
*Industrial Engineering Journal*, 25(6), 333-349.
8. Yang, S., Zhou, L., & Wang, X. (2023). AI in inventory optimization: A case study.
*Artificial Intelligence in Operations*, 4(1), 15-26.
9. Johnson, D., & Patel, R. (2021). Blockchain applications in inventory management.
*Journal of Emerging Technologies*, 10(3), 55-67.

8. Methodology:
The system development follows the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) approach:
1. Planning: Requirement analysis and resource allocation.
2. Design: Creation of architectural diagrams and UI prototypes.
3. Implementation: Development using front-end, back-end, and database technologies.
4. Testing: Unit, integration, and system testing.
5. Deployment: Deployment on a web server.
6. Maintenance: Regular updates and support.

9. Software Requirement Specification (SRS):

A.Functional Requirements:
1. Add/View stock details.
2. Issue and return items.
3. Send reminders for pending actions.
4. View inventory usage reports.
5. Manage user roles and permissions.

B.Non-Functional Requirements:
1. System should be accessible 24/7.
2. Response time for user actions must be under 2 seconds.
3. The system must handle at least 100 concurrent users.
4. Ensure secure authentication and data protection.

10. System Design:

a. Choice of Architecture:
The system follows a three-tier architecture with a presentation layer (HTML, CSS,
JavaScript), application layer (backend logic), and database layer (MySQL).

b. Choice of Programming Language:

Frontend: HTML, CSS, JavaScript
Backend: [Preferred Backend Language]
c. Choice of Operating System
primary development on Windows.
d. Use Case Diagram :
A Use Case Diagram is a type of diagram in Unified Modeling Language
(UML) that visually represents the interactions between a system and its users
(actors) to capture the functional requirements of a system. It focuses on the
"what" of a system rather than the "how," making it a powerful tool for
understanding system behavior and user interaction.

Figure-01:Use Case Diagram

e. Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) :

An ERD (Entity-Relationship Diagram) is a visual representation of the data and
relationships in a database system. It is widely used in database design to help
developers and stakeholders understand the structure and organization of data.

Key Components of an ERD

Entities:
Entities represent objects or concepts in the database, such as people, places, or
things. These are typically represented by rectangles.
Attributes:
Attributes are the details or properties of an entity. They are often depicted as ovals
connected to their respective entity.
Relationships:
Relationships show how entities interact with each other. They are represented by
diamonds connecting entities.
Primary Key (PK):
A unique identifier for an entity, ensuring that each record is distinguishable .
Foreign Key (FK):
An attribute in one entity that links to the primary key of another entity to establish a
relationship. CourseID in the Enrollment entity linking to the Course entity.
Cardinality:
Cardinality defines the number of instances of one entity that can be associated with
another. Common types include:
One-to-One (1:1): One entity is related to only one instance of another.
One-to-Many (1:N): One entity is related to many instances of another.
Many-to-Many (M:N): Many entities are related to many instances of another.

Entities and Attributes

Admin:
◆ AdminID (Primary Key)
◆ Name
◆ Email
◆ Password
User:
◆ UserID (Primary Key)
◆ Name
◆ Email
◆ Password
◆ DepartmentID (Foreign Key)

Department:
◆ DepartmentID (Primary Key)
◆ Name
◆ Item
◆ ItemID (Primary Key)
◆ Name
◆ Category
◆ Quantity
◆ DepartmentID (Foreign Key)

Request:
◆ RequestID (Primary Key)
◆ RequesterID (Foreign Key referencing User or Department)
◆ ItemID (Foreign Key referencing Item)
◆ Quantity
◆ Status (e.g., Pending, Approved)

Return:
◆ ReturnID (Primary Key)
◆ ReturnerID (Foreign Key referencing User or Department)
◆ ItemID (Foreign Key referencing Item)
◆ Quantity
◆ Status (e.g., Pending, Processed)

Login:
◆ LoginID (Primary Key)
◆ Email
◆ Password
◆ Role (Admin, Department, or User)
◆ EntityID (Foreign Key referencing AdminID, DepartmentID, or UserID)

Summary of Relationships (Line-by-Line)

❖ Admin (1) ↔ (1) Login
❖ Department (1) ↔ (1) Login
❖ User (1) ↔ (1) Login
❖ Department (1) ↔ (N) Item
❖ User/Department (1) ↔ (N) Request
❖ Request (1) ↔ (N) Item
❖ User/Department (1) ↔ (N) Return
❖ Return (1) ↔ (N) Item
❖ Admin (1) ↔ (N) Request
❖ Admin (1) ↔ (N) Return
These relationships cover the core interactions between entities in your Inventory
Management System. Let me know if you need further clarification or if you'd like me
to generate the diagram based on these relationships!
 Figure2:Er-Diagram

f. Data Flow Diagram (DFD):

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a visual tool used to represent how data moves through a
system, showing its inputs, outputs, processes, and storage points. It's widely used in system
analysis and design to provide a clear understanding of a system’s functionality and how data
is processed. It focuses on how data flows through a system rather than the specific tasks or
hardware details. Provides a clear and concise view of how data moves within the system.

Level 0 (Context Diagram): Shows interaction between the system and external entities.

Level 1 DFD: Break down system into core processes:

⚫ User authentication.
⚫ Student record management.
⚫ Course and grade management
 Figure2: Level
1DFD.
g. Class Diagram:
A Class Diagram is a structural diagram in Unified Modeling Language
(UML) that representsthe static structure of a system by showing its classes,
their attributes, methods, and the relationships between them. It is widely used
in object-oriented design and software development to model the blueprint of a
system.

Figure5: Class Diagram.

h. Activity Diagram :
An Activity Diagram is a behavioral diagram in Unified Modeling Language (UML) that
visually represents the flow of activities or processes in a system. It is particularly useful for
modeling workflows, business processes, and the logic of operations, providing a clear
understanding of how tasks are performed and decisions are made.

Figure6: Activity Diagram.

i. Sequence Diagram :

The Sequence Diagram represents the interactions between users (or

applications) and the DBMS to perform various operations, such as querying,
updating, or managing data. It shows how these interactions occur in a
sequential order over time.

Figure7: Sequence Diagram.

j. Component Diagram :
A Component Diagram is a type of UML (Unified Modeling Language)
diagram that depicts thestructural relationship between the components of a
system. It shows how the system is divided into components, their interfaces,
and the dependencies between them. Component diagrams areespecially
useful in modeling the physical aspects of a system, such as software modules
or hardware components.

Figure8: Component Diagram.

k. Deployment Diagram :
A Deployment Diagram models the physical deployment of artifacts (e.g.,
software components, databases, or executable files) onto nodes (e.g., servers,
devices, or networks). It is used to visualize the architecture of a system,
including the relationships between hardware and software components in a
deployed environment.
0

Figure9: Deployment Diagram.

11. Development and Implementation

The Inventory Management System was developed using the MERN stack, which includes
MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, and Node.js. The development process was divided into the
following stages:
Frontend Development:

React.js was used to build a responsive user interface for inventory entry, stock monitoring,
and request management.Components such as forms, tables, and modals were implemented to
provide seamless interaction.

Backend Development:

Node.js and Express.js were utilized to build RESTful APIs for CRUD operations (Create,
Read, Update, Delete).Routes were established for user authentication, inventory updates, and
request approval workflows.

Database Design:

MongoDB was chosen for its flexibility in managing inventory data, categorized by
departments and types.Collections such as users, inventory, requests, and approvals were
designed.

Integration:

Axios was used to connect the frontend with backend APIs.Real-time updates were enabled
using webhooks for critical operations like stock level changes.

Deployment:

The application was hosted using [deployment platform, e.g., Heroku, AWS, or Netlify.

12. Testing and Validation:

To ensure the system’s reliability and performance, the following testing approaches
were adopted:

Unit Testing:

Each component and API endpoint was tested individually using Jest and Mocha.

Integration Testing:

Postman was used to test the flow of data between the frontend and backend.
User Testing:

Faculty and staff tested the system for usability, ensuring that the inventory request
and approval process met their needs.

Validation:

Data validations were implemented to ensure accurate input (e.g.,

numeric values for stock quantities).

13. Result and Analysis:

The Results and Analysis phase involves evaluating the outcomes of the testing and
implementation processes. This step ensures that the system meets its objectives,
identifies areas for improvement, and provides insights into the system's performance
and reliability.

1. Results

The results summarize the key findings from testing and implementation. This
includes system performance metrics, bug resolutions, and user feedback.

a. Testing Results

• Pass/Fail Metrics:
o Number of test cases executed.
o Percentage of test cases passed, failed, or skipped.
o Example: 95% of 200 test cases passed successfully, 3% failed, 2%
skipped due to dependencies.
• Defect Summary:

o
Total defects identified, their severity (Critical, High, Medium, Low),
and status (Open, Resolved, Closed).
o Example: 20 defects found, 18 resolved, 2 under investigation.
• Performance Metrics:

o Response times, system throughput, and load-handling capacity.

o Example: System maintained a response time under 1 second for 95%
of transactions with 500 concurrent users.
b. Implementation Results

Deployment Success:

o Number of modules successfully deployed.

o Example: All 5 modules deployed successfully with minimal downtime
(2 minutes).

User Feedback:

o Feedback from initial users during UAT or post-deployment.

o Example: Users reported a 20% improvement in task completion time
with the new interface.

System Stability:

o Error rates or unexpected crashes during the first week of deployment.

o Example: No critical errors reported; uptime was 99.95%.

2. Analysis

Analysis interprets the results to evaluate system performance, identify trends, and
determine the system's success in meeting its objectives.

a. Success Metrics

• Compare system performance to predefined benchmarks or requirements.

• Example: The system processed 10,000 transactions per hour, exceeding the
target of 8,000 transactions.

b. Defect Trend Analysis

 • Analyze the number of defects over time to assess stability.
• Example: Defects reduced from 50 in the first week of testing to 5 in the final
week.

c. Usability Analysis

• Evaluate user feedback for ease of use and productivity.

• Example: 80% of users found the system intuitive, while 20% suggested minor
UI improvements.

d. Root Cause Analysis (RCA)

• Investigate recurring issues or significant defects.

• Example: A root cause analysis revealed that data inconsistencies were due to
improper API integration.

Key Deliverables

1. Test Result Report:

o Detailed summary of testing outcomes, including success rates and

performance metrics.

2. Defect Analysis Report:

 o Insights into defects, their resolution status, and trends.

3. Performance Analysis Report:

o Evaluation of the system's efficiency, scalability, and stability.

4. User Feedback Summary:

o Aggregated feedback highlighting user satisfaction and improvement

areas.

5. Recommendation Report:

o Suggestions for further optimization and future enhancements.

14. Maintenance:

To ensure the system remains effective:

Bug Fixes: A dedicated process for identifying and resolving bugs was established.

Feature Updates: New features, such as advanced reporting, will be added

periodically.

Backups: Regular backups of the database are conducted to prevent data loss.

15. Conclusion:
The Inventory Management System has proven to be a robust solution for managing
inventory efficiently. By automating key processes such as stock tracking, request approvals,
and reporting, it has significantly reduced manual workload and improved operational
accuracy. Real-time updates ensure that users always have access to the latest inventory
information, enabling better decision-making. The system’s user-friendly interface and
customizable features have been well-received by stakeholders, highlighting its practical
applicability. Moreover, the project has demonstrated the potential of leveraging modern web
technologies to create scalable and maintainable applications, setting a solid foundation for
future enhancements.
16. Recommendations:
Integration with External Systems:

Connect with procurement systems to automate stock replenishment.

Enhanced Security:

Implement role-based access control (RBAC) for improved data security.

Mobile Application:

Develop a mobile-friendly version for on-the-go inventory management.

17. References

The References section lists all sources, tools, frameworks, and materials that were
consulted or used during the project development process. It ensures proper
acknowledgment and allows others to trace the resources for further exploration.

1. Documentation and Standards

Industry Standards:

o IEEE Standard for Software Lifecycle Processes (IEEE 12207).

o ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management.

Example: ISO/IEC 25010 for software quality model.

Guides and Manuals:

o Official documentation of programming languages, frameworks, and

tools.
o Example: Python 3.11 Official Documentation, Java 17 JDK
Documentation.

2. Tools and Technologies

Programming Languages:

o Python, Java, JavaScript, etc.

o Example: Python 3.11, Java 17, Node.js 18.

Development Tools:
 o Integrated Development Environments (IDEs): Visual Studio Code,
IntelliJ IDEA.
o Version Control: Git, GitHub, Bitbucket.

Testing Tools:

o Selenium, JUnit, PyTest.

o Example: JUnit 5 for unit testing Java applications.

Project Management Tools:

o Jira, Trello, Asana.

o Example: Jira for sprint planning and bug tracking.

3. Research Articles and Papers

Software Development Methodologies:

o Agile Manifesto: Beck, K. et al. (2001). The Agile Manifesto.

o DevOps practices: Kim, G., Humble, J., Debois, P., & Willis, J. (2016).
The DevOps Handbook.

Design Principles:

o Martin, R. C. (2009). Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software

Craftsmanship.
o Gamma, E., Helm, R., Johnson, R., & Vlissides, J. (1994). Design
Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software.

4. Online Resources

Tutorials and Guides:

o Official documentation websites (e.g., React, Flask, Spring Boot).

o W3Schools, GeeksforGeeks, FreeCodeCamp.

Knowledge Bases:

o Stack Overflow, GitHub Discussions, Medium.

o Example: Solutions from Stack Overflow for handling API errors.

Vedieo Tutorials:

o YouTube Channels: Academind, Programming with Mosh.

o Coursera and edX courses.

5. Frameworks and Libraries

 Front-End Frameworks:

o React.js, Angular, Vue.js.

o Example: React.js for building the front-end user interface.

Back-End Frameworks:

o Flask, Django, Express.js, Spring Boot.

o Example: Flask for lightweight backend development.

Databases:

o MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB.

o Example: PostgreSQL 15 for relational database management.

6. Monitoring and Deployment Tools

Monitoring:

o New Relic, Nagios, Datadog.

o Example: Datadog for monitoring system performance and logs.

Deployment:

o Docker, Kubernetes, Jenkins, Ansible.

o Example: Jenkins for continuous integration and deployment.

7. Security Guidelines

• OWASP: Top 10 Security Risks and Mitigation Strategies.

• NIST Cybersecurity Framework.

8. References for Diagrams

• Tools used for creating diagrams:

o Example: Lucidchart, Microsoft Visio, draw.io for UML diagrams.

18. Future Work

AI-Based Forecasting:

Leverage AI to predict future inventory needs based on usage patterns.

Multi-Language Support:
Add multi-language options for broader accessibility.

Integration with IoT:

Incorporate IoT devices for automatic stock updates through RFID or barcode scanning.

19. Appendices:

Database Schema:

Diagram showing collections and relationships.

Code Snippets:

Example API endpoints and React components.

Usage Screenshots:

Images of key system interfaces, such as inventory entry forms and approval
dashboards.