PAPER

NURSING CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH SELF-ACTUALIZATION

NEEDS
(Prepared to meet the tasks of the Basic Human Needs Course group)

Lecturer : Ns.Ida Erni Sipahutar,S.Kep.,M.Kep.

Compiled by :
Group 3

Member Name :

1. Putu Dyah Asti Hartayani (02)

2. Ni Kadek Mirah Ishaka Putri (03)
3. Ni Luh Putu Lygia Piadnyani (05)
4. Kadek Pradnyan Erlita Putri (13)
5. Ni Putu Sukrayani Pradnya Devi (20)
6. I Wayan Yoga Candra Wibawa (28)
7. Luh Ade Cantika Dwi Jayanti (32)
8. Ni Made Gita Maharani (41)
9. Pebrina Apriani Br Tarigan (48)
10. Ni Ketut Yuli Pratiwi (49)
Class : TK-1 International Class

MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

DENPASAR MINISTRY OF HEALTH POLYTECHNIC

NURSING DEPARTMENT

YEAR 2024/2025
 FOREWORD

We give thanks to God Almighty for His grace and guidance given to us so that we can
complete this paper on Basic Human Needs properly and on time. Here we present a paper
entitled "Nursing Care for Patients with Self-Actualization Needs". This paper is prepared to
meet the tasks of the Basic Human Needs course group. In addition, this paper also aims to
increase the knowledge of readers and us. We don't forget to thank Mrs. Ns.Ida Erni
Sipahutar,S.Kep.,M.Kep. as a lecturer in charge of the Basic Human Needs Course for guiding us
in making this paper. The paper is about

Hopefully this paper can be understood easily and useful and useful for anyone who reads
it. Previously, we also want to apologize if there are mistakes and mistakes in the series or
writing words that are not pleasing to the hearts of readers. Hopefully with this paper we made, it
can add insight and knowledge to the readers.

Denpasar, August 13 2024

Constituent

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD....................................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................ii
CHAPTER I.....................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background.......................................................................................................................1
1.2 Problem Formulation........................................................................................................1
1.3 Purpose of Writing............................................................................................................1
1.4 Benefits of Writing............................................................................................................1
CHAPTER II...................................................................................................................................2
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................2
2.1 Definition of Self-Actualization........................................................................................2
2.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization................................................................................3
2.3 Self-Actualization Indicators............................................................................................5
2.4 Factors Affecting Self-Actualization................................................................................6
2.5 The Need for Self-Actualization.......................................................................................8
2.6 Nursing Care for Patients with Self-Actualization Needs................................................9
CHAPTER III................................................................................................................................11
CLOSING......................................................................................................................................11
3.1 Conclusion......................................................................................................................11
3.2 Suggestion.......................................................................................................................11
BIBLIOGRAPHY..........................................................................................................................12

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iii
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Human efforts in meeting the needs of life are always carried out by trying to find the
best. Basic human needs are elements needed by humans in maintaining physiological and
psychological balance which of course aims to maintain life and health. According to the
Hierarchy theory put forward by Abraham Maslow, basic human needs are developed from
the basics, namely physiological needs, the need for a sense of security and protection, the
need for love and belonging, the need for self-esteem, and finally the need for self-
actualization.
The need for self-actualization is the last basic human need. The need for self-
actualization involves a continuous desire to fulfill potential (potential for goodness, science,
experience, values that a person has). Maslow describes this need as a passion to increasingly
want to be fully self to the fullest extent of one's abilities. Initially, he assumed that the need
for self- actualization immediately arose after the need to be valued was met. However, many
young people have sufficient fulfillment of lower needs such as self-esteem, but they have
not yet been able to achieve self-actualization. Maslow also explained that everyone has a
strong desire to realize the potential in him to achieve a level of self-actualization. Maslow
studied someone with a healthy mental state rather than studying people with mental health
disorders. This illustrates that humans can only experience the "peak of their experience"
when they are in harmony with themselves and their surroundings. In Maslow's view, a
human being who actualizes himself, can have many peaks of experience compared to a
human being who is less actualized.

1.2 Problem Formulation

1.2.1 What is the concept of fulfilling the needs of self-actualization?
1.2.2 How is Nursing Care for Patients with Self-Actualization Needs?

1.3 Purpose of Writing

1.3.1 To find out the concept of meeting the needs of self-actualization.
1.3.2 To find out how nursing care is provided to patients with self-actualization needs.

1.4 Benefits of Writing

1.4.1 Students can understand the concept of fulfilling the needs of self-actualization.
1.4.2 Students can understand nursing care for patients with self-actualization needs.

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition of Self-Actualization

The meaning of psychological self-actualization is; Self-actualization of the need to fulfill

the purpose for which one was born or created. Maslow (1993) argues that self-actualization is
the urge to be the full self of one's own ability, and to be anything according to one's ability.
Self- actualization is a person's ability to regulate themselves so that they are free from various
pressures, both from within and outside themselves. The need for self-actualization is the highest
level of need according to Maslow and Kalish. Self-actualization can be said to be an instinctive
need in man to do the best he can. Maslow stated that self-actualization is the process of
becoming oneself and developing unique psychological traits and potentials. Self-actualization
will change in line with the development of a person's life. When reaching a certain age
(addolence) a person will experience a shift in self-actualization from physiological to
psychological (Handrianto, 2010). Self-actualization is expressed as the highest development of
all talents and the fulfillment of all human qualities and capacities. Maslow argued that man is
motivated to be everything he is capable of becoming. Even if other needs are met, if the
actualization needs are not met, do not develop or are unable to use their innate abilities to the
fullest, then a person will experience anxiety, displeasure, or frustration.

Self-actualization is the pinnacle of the human hierarchy, namely the continuous

utilization and development of potential, capacity, and talent as a fulfillment of the mission as
well as the drive and deeper knowledge of the self (Olson & Hargenhahn, 2013). Self-actualized
individuals are always growing, developing and using their best abilities to be themselves
(Junianto, 2013). Self-actualization is also considered a process of developing sustainable self-
potential. According to Gopinath (2020), this is characterized by how individuals can realize and
utilize the various potentials that exist in them to achieve a goal in life. Self-actualization is the
process of being yourself in doing something you like. The work is carried out with passion in
accordance with the potential that exists in him. This is the need for the highest human
achievement. Thus, it can be concluded that self-actualization is an attitude of being oneself
according to one's desires and circumstances by recognizing and developing one's potential,
talents, and abilities so that one's goals are achieved.

Maslow mentioned three types of self-actualization. First, self-actualization means "to be

completely, clearly, as it is/ objective, fully focused, and fully accepting of everything". This
means that one can experience things as they are, fully focus on what the person is experiencing,
see reality as it is, and without discourse. Second, self-actualization also means "accepting life as
a process of choice". Self-actualization is a continuous life process by making every decision that
leads to growth in life. As a continuous process, it means that humans are always faced with the
need to make decisions, such as decisions that concern honesty and lies. Self-actualization means
making every decision as a choice that grows into good. Third, self-actualization means "being
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aware of what is in oneself". This condition is a form where a person can be aware of their
competencies and abilities so that a person has the desire to optimize them.

2.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization

People who self-actualize will have different characteristics from humans in general.
Maslow (1987) made a list of fifteen characters of self-actualized people, the characters are as
follows:

1. More Efficient Perception of Reality

People who self-actualize have the ability to recognize falsehoods and dishonesty
(Maslow, 1987). They can easily tell someone's lies, they have no prejudice against others. They
are also able to predict future events, because of the observation of the surrounding environment
which tends to be careful and efficient (Koswara, 1991).

2. Acceptance of Yourself, Others, and Nature

Maslow (1987: 177-178) argues that a healthy person, capable of accepting himself,
shortcomings and advantages in any form. These people never complain and regret themselves as
others are dissatisfied with God's gifts. Their sins and weaknesses, they accept as imperfect
human nature.

3. Spontaneous, Simple, and Reasonable

"They usually live a simple life in the sense that they don't have to create complex
appearances that aim to lie to the world. They do not pretend and are neither afraid nor ashamed
to express joy, admiration, excitement, sadness, anger, or other strong emotions." (Feist and
Feist, 2010: 346).

4. Problem-Centric

The fourth character is problem-centered. People who actualize themselves have a special
interest in problems that occur outside of themselves. They tend to think that their work is not
only about earning a living, but also about the soul's calling (Feist and Feist, 2010: 346-347).

5. The Need for Privacy

In social interactions in society, this self-actualized person is often considered unfriendly

with others, arrogant, and cold. They will feel comfortable regardless of whether they have
friends or not, this is because there is a sense of belief in their potential. They also have better
concentration than the average person. This concentration on too strong a problem gives rise to
symptoms such as forgetfulness and the ability to forget what is considered unimportant. Even

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though outside of privacy, these people are very friendly and warm people (Koswara, 1991: 140-
141).

6. Independence from Culture and Environment

"The independence of self-actualized people makes them have a high level of self-
direction. They see themselves as independent, active, responsible agents, and as agents who
discipline themselves in determining their own destiny. They are strong enough to forget the
opinions of others and hence they tend to shy away from respect, status, prestige, and popularity.
They consider satisfaction from the outside to be less important than self-growth." (Koswara,
1991: 141-142).

7. Freshness and Appreciation

According to Maslow, people who self-actualize often appreciate the main points in life
with a sense of admiration, joy, and wonder even though according to others it is a habit that is
done every day and tends to be boring (Koswara, 1991: 142). An example of this is when a
person sees the twilight at sunset, it will be as amazed as seeing the umpteenth twilight.
Freshness and appreciation make them feel inspired and have strength in life.

8. Peak Experience or Mystical Experience

The peak experience for self-actualized people refers to a moment when their feelings are
very deep and seem to be at one with themselves or with nature. The peak experience felt by
them will be in harmony with the world and its contents (Koswara, 1991: 142-143).

9. Social Interest

The social interest intended in the criteria of a self-actualized person is an interest in

fellow human beings. These self-actualized people have a desire to help in the good, to improve
others. Their attitude is always gentle and full of love for others. Even though these other people
are stupid and flawed, they still show sympathy for these people (Koswara, 1991: 143).

10. Interpersonal Relationships

Interpersonal relationships for self-actualized people are closely related to social interests.
They love each other very much, but their friends are very limited. They don't have the desire to
be friends with everyone, but when they have interpersonal relationships then the relationship is
very strong and deep. This trait is often mistaken for an arrogant and picky trait (Feist and Feist,
2010: 349-350).

11. Democratic Character

People who actualize themselves are able to be friendly with anyone, without exception.
They do not look at social class, property, citizenship, education and so on. They can learn with

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anyone they think is capable of teaching something. They have a feeling of thirst for learning,
and never consider themselves high and honorable. They tend to be picky about anyone who can
be friends with them.

12. Difference between Method and Purpose

These self-actualized people are generally goal-centered rather than method-centered.

Often ordinary people assume that the goal and the way are the same thing. They can clearly
distinguish between the goal and the means. The goal, according to them, is the experience and
activity that is usually for others, this is the way. Daily activities that others think are very boring
activities but according to people who actualize themselves are fun things, (Maslow, 1987: 192-
193).

13. Philosophical Sense of Humor

In contrast to ordinary people, people who actualize themselves have a philosophical

sense of humor. Their humor is often educational, like allusions and fairy tales. Not only that, but
the kind of puns, witty banter, and often unrepeatable are examples of their humor. Their humor
also provokes more smiles than laughing out loud (Maslow, 1987:193-194).

14. Creativity

People who self-actualize have a creative character. This creativity is not like writing
poetry and creating music, but rather simple creativity (Maslow, 1987: 195). But it is possible
that this creativity comes from activities in the field of art and science. Creativity in people who
actualize themselves is an original, naïve, and spontaneous form like an innocent and honest
child (Koswara, 1991: 145).

15. Encultural Rejection

The last characteristic of these self-actualized people is that they are people who dare to
make decisions, even if those decisions are different or contrary to common opinion. Rejection
of enculturation does not mean that they are dissidents of authority or plaintiffs of customs, but
rather that they are people who always try to defend certain positions and are not so influenced
by the culture of society (Koswara, 1991: 146).

2.3 Self-Actualization Indicators

Based on the theory of aspects of a person's development process to realize their
actualization, there are several indicators including (Maslow, 2012:139):

1. Creativity is an attitude that is expected to exist in people who are self-actualized. Creative
nature is almost synonymous with health, self-actualization and full human nature. The traits

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associated with creativity are flexibility, spontaneity, courage, daring to make mistakes,
openness and humility.

2. Morality, is the ability of humans to see life more clearly, see life as it is, not according to
wishes.

3. Self-acceptance, people who actualize themselves tend to be kind, warm and enjoy themselves
without regret, shame or apology.

4. Spontaneity The actualization of the human self can be described as relatively spontaneous in
behavior and much more spontaneous than in the inner life, thoughts, impulses, etc., this
behavior is characterized by simplicity, naturalness with this lack of spontaneity does not
necessarily mean unconventional consistent behavior.

5. Problem Solving, i.e. the individual will appreciate the existence of others more in his
environment, With some exceptions it can be said that objects are usually concerned with basic
issues and questions of a type that has been studied philosophically or ethically.

2.4 Factors Affecting Self-Actualization

2.4.1 Driving Factors for Actualization

There are several factors that encourage a person to actualize himself. The existence of
driving factors allows them to achieve the need for self-actualization.

1. Motivation
Motivation is an energy and stimulant that has an effect on generating motivation
in individuals so that they can achieve their goals (Akbar Abbas, 2023). A person who
has motivation will certainly be encouraged to be better and want to continue to develop
so that his goals are achieved, including achieving the goal of the highest life need,
namely self-actualization.

2. Failure
According to (Guarango, 2022), failure is one of the driving factors for a person to
actualize themselves if the failure is addressed positively. When experiencing failure for
their efforts, a person can choose one of two possible causes of failure, namely choosing
to blame the situation or choosing to do self-reflection. From the results of this reflection,
they will try with confidence to do their best by developing their potential. They will
maximize their potential so that the failures they experience will not happen again
(Hasneli & Riska, 2019).

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3. Belief or mindset
Belief (mindset) can be one of the driving factors for a person to actualize himself
(Guarango, 2022). By having faith, individuals can continuously learn and strive to
develop their potential because they believe that the effort and hard work they put in will
improve their abilities or potential. In other words, belief (mindset) is the main key when
a person wants to achieve his life goals, including the goal of meeting his highest needs,
namely self-actualization.

4. Courage
Courage is one of the driving factors for a person in realizing his actualization.
When having a character in the form of high courage, a person will dare to take the risk
of making a mistake as one of the processes in realizing self-actualization. Dare to take
risks and dare to make mistakes is one of the traits that are synonymous with creative
people. Individuals who have courage are not only brave when making mistakes, but also
open- minded in accepting input from others (Tuleh & Care, 2020).

5. Social Relations
According to (Anggisari, 2018), social relationships are one of the driving factors
for self-actualization. Someone who builds engagement in healthy social relationships
has the opportunity to receive emotional support as well as inspirational support. When
an individual has healthy social relationships, they will receive social support as well.
They receive social support from their environment to develop their potential.

6. Self-Acceptance
Self-acceptance arises as a result of the experience of satisfaction. Individuals
need to accept themselves as they are. A person who can accept himself tends to be able
to accept all the weaknesses that exist in him but still try. Self-acceptance makes a person
know themselves better, because they know the potential they have, know their desires,
and know the goals they want to achieve. In these circumstances, the potential to develop
self-actualization becomes stronger.

2.4.2 Factors Inhibiting Self-Actualization

 Internal Factors
1. Ignorance of one's potential
Everyone has their own potential that they can develop. However, not everyone is
able to find their potential. There are some people who have not been able to find their
potential, because they do not know what their interests and talents are. They find it
difficult to find out what their potential really is so they have not been able to develop it.
This ignorance is an inhibiting factor for them to achieve their self-actualization needs
(Helcy Haryani, 2020).

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 2. Feelings of Doubt and Fear
The feelings of doubt and fear that exist in a person make them unable to develop
their potential because they are not sure in expressing their potential. Doubt and fear can
cause a person to avoid trying new things. Doubt and fear lead a person to an atmosphere
of fear of failure, which makes the need for self-actualization difficult to achieve.

3. A Simple View of Life

A person who views life simply, that is, looks at life without any thoughts and desires
to move forward. People who are too simple in looking at life tend not to have ideals
because they prefer to live life by following the flow only. They also tend not to have the
desire to become a better person.

 External Factors
1. Community Culture
In a community environment, there must be a variety of characters formed from the
culture of the community. The different characters of society are one of the factors that
inhibit self-actualization because they do not receive support from the surrounding
community. They do not receive support because of the differences in character that exist
in individuals (Yusuf, 2021)

2. Environmental Factors
The environment is also a factor that affects the formation and development of
individual character. A negative environment will form a negative character in
individuals and will also have a negative influence that will inhibit a person from
actualizing themselves (Junianti, 2021).

3. Parenting
The influence of the family in developing a person's self-actualization has a huge
influence. Less effective parenting can make the absorption of knowledge to children also
ineffective. Parenting practices that tend to be rude and deviant can also make children's
self-concept disturbed and hampered.

2.5 The Need for Self-Actualization

Self-actualization needs are needs that contain 17 meta needs that are not arranged
hierarchically, but complement each other. If these needs are not met, Metapathology will
occur .
Meta Needs
According to Maslow, the meta of the need to actualize oneself consists of:

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 1. Truth
2. Goodness
3. Beauty or beauty
4. Whole (union)
5. Dichotomy-transcendence
6. Living
7. Uniqueness
8. Perfection
9. Inevitability
10. Settlement
11. Justice
12. Regularity
13. Simplicity
14. Wealth
15. Effortless (relaxed, tense)
16. Play (fun, recreation, humor)
17. Self-sufficiency

Meta Pathology

If meta needs are not met, meta pathologies such as:

1. Apathy : indifference and lack of goal-oriented activity

2. Boredom
3. Despair
4. No sense of humor anymore
5. Alienation
6. Selfishness
7. Loss of appetite and so on.

2.6 Nursing Care for Patients with Self-Actualization Needs

A. Assessment
Collecting comprehensive assessment data requires the synthesis of critical
information from various sources. In addition to using direct questions, nurses can blunt a
lot of data about self-concept through observation of the client's non-verbal behavior and
pay attention to the content of the client's conversation.
Things to note:
1. Identity
2. Reasons for admission to the hospital
3. Perdisposing factors
4. Physical examination

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5. Psychosocial
 General Purpose
Increasing self-actualization by helping to grow, develop, realize potential while seeking
compensation for incapacity.
 Special Purpose
Patients can get to know the support needed in solving problems related to self-concept
and help clients to understand themselves better quickly.

B. Nursing Diagnosis
Diagnoses related to self-concept disorders that are also related to the need for self-
actualization, are as follows:

 Social isolation
 Body image disorders
 The tension of the role of service providers
 Personal identity disorder
 Ineffective role performance
 Readiness to improve self-concept
 Chronically low self-esteem
 Situational low self-esteem
 Risk for situational low self-esteem

C. Intervention
Develop an individualized treatment plan for each nursing diagnosis. Work
collaboratively with clients to determine real expectations regarding care.

1. Build trusting relationships

2. Discuss the client's abilities and positive aspects
3. Giving positive ratings
4. Give realistic compliments
5. Discuss with the client what abilities can still be used during illness
6. Show emotional responses and accept clients as they are
7. Give feedback on behaviors, stressors and coping sources
8. Involve families and other support systems.

D. Evaluation
1. Patients can identify the positive aspects that the patient has.
2. Patients assess the abilities used.
3. The patient makes an activity plan.
4. Patients do according to their sick conditions and abilities.
5. Patients are able to take advantage of the support system that exists in the family.
6. Carry out daily life activities according to the schedule made by the client.

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion

Based on this description, we can conclude that self-actualization is an attitude of being

oneself according to one's desires and circumstances by recognizing and developing one's
potential, talents and abilities so that the goal is achieved. Self-actualization needs are the highest
level of needs according to Maslow and Kalish where self-actualization will change in line with
the development of a person's life. This is characterized by how individuals can realize and
utilize the various potentials that exist in them to achieve a goal in life. There are several
characteristics, indicators and factors that can affect self-actualization where the higher the level
of self- actualization a person, the more focused the person is on solving a problem that occurs in
his life. However, if self-actualization has not been fulfilled, it will cause suffering in the person
so that it can trigger a frustrating condition.
3.2 Suggestion
We should as someone who is full of ambition and purpose in life should always strive to be
able to continue to maintain and improve our interests and talents by continuing to hone our
skills by being brave and open to new experiences, and being aware of the condition that
everyone has the same process when experiencing failure, success and happiness. This can make
a person more accepting and aware of their own potential to develop their potential without
feeling pressured while living it.

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