LISTENING TEST

Part 1

You will hear some sentences. You will hear each sentence twice. Choose the best reply
to each sentence.

1 B

2 B

3 B

4 B

5 B

C
 A

6 B

7 B

8 B

Part 2

For each question, write the correct answer in the gap.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Visit to shopping centre

Bank is on the 9__________________

Get a 10__________________ from the newsagent.

Restaurant is opposite the 11__________________ in the main square.

Snack bar next to the 12_______________ closes at 13_______________

Meet outside shop called 14__________________

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 Part 3

You will hear four people talking about their first employment experiences.
For questions 15-18, choose from the list (A-F) what each person says about it. Use the
letters only once. Use the letters only once. There are two extra letters which you do not
need to use.

A. they lied about something

13.Speaker 1____ B. they were injured
14.Speaker 2____ C. they were made redundant at work
15.Speaker 3____ D. they were issued a warning
16.Speaker 4____ E. they were doing a number of different things
F. it affected their career choice

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 Part 4

Label the map below. Write the correct letter, A-I, next to Questions 19-23

19. statue of Diane Gosforth _____

20. wooden sculptures _____
21. playground _____
22. maze _____
23. tennis courts _____

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 Part 5
You will hear three different extracts. For questions 24-29, choose the answer (A, В or C)
which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

Extract One
You hear part of an interview with a woman who works in retail management.
24.How does the woman feel now about her first job in retailing?
A. pleased by the way she handled the staff
B. confident that it gave her a good start
C. relaxed about the mistakes she made
25.What is the woman advised to do next?
A. reflect on her skills
B. volunteer for extra work
C. discuss her situation with her boss
Extract Two
You overhear a woman telling a friend a story about a swan.
26.What problem did the woman have with the swan?
A. She misunderstood its intentions
B. She underestimated the speed of its approach
C. She failed to realise the consequences of disturbing it
27.What is the man’s reaction to the story?
A. He feels he would have handled the situation better
B. He is unconvinced by the woman’s version of events
C. He fails to see quite how serious the problem was
Extract Three
You hear part of an interview with Bruce Loader, a successful businessman who is talking
about his early life.
28.Why did Bruce decide to give up the idea of studying art?
A. He failed to gain a place at art college
B. He became tired of doing representational art
C. He was persuaded that he could not realise his ambition
29.What was his father’s reaction to Bruce’s decision?
A. He was anxious to discuss alternative employment options
B. He was angry that a good opportunity had been wasted
C. He was dismissive of the advantages of higher education

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 Part 6
You will hear a student called Kerry giving a class presentation about a type of bird called
the swift. For questions 30-35, complete the sentences.

Write no more than TWO WORD for each answer.

The Swift

Kerry says that the Latin name for the swift translates to the
words 30_________________ in English.
Kerry describes the noise made by swifts as a 31_________________.
Kerry says many people think that the bird’s shape most resembles
a 32_________________.
Kerry thinks that the swifts’ natural nesting site is
on 33_________________.
Kerry was surprised to learn that 34_________________ is a common
material found in swifts’ nests.
Kerry has observed swifts flying fast to avoid 35_________________.

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 READING TEST
Part 1

Read the text. Fill in each gap with ONE word. You must use a word which is somewhere
in the rest of the text.

Breathing in air pollution could change our brain. A new study shows that car fumes can
1___________________ how our brain is wired – how parts of the brain connect with other
parts. The research is from the University of British Columbia in Canada. Researchers found
that car fumes can change our brain's connectivity in just two hours. A
2___________________, Professor Chris Carlsten, was surprised at what he found. He said:
"For many decades, scientists thought the brain may be protected from the harmful effects
of air pollution." He added: "This study, which is the first of its kind in the world, provides
fresh evidence supporting a connection between air pollution and [thinking]."

The traffic pollution study was on 25 adults. The researchers asked the adults to breathe in
car fumes in a laboratory. The research team took brain scans of the
3___________________ for two hours. The 4___________________ showed that networks
in the brain that we use for thinking and remembering changed. There were fewer
connections between the 5___________________. Another professor said the research
was worrying. She said: "It's concerning to see traffic pollution interrupting these
networks." The researchers said there needed to be more research to see how car fumes
change our brain. They also advised people to close car windows when in traffic. The
6___________________ of the 25 people returned to normal after they breathed clean air.

Part 2

The people below all want to visit somewhere. There are descriptions of places (A-K).
Decide which place would be the most suitable for the people below.

7. You enjoy walking but you have injured your knee and cannot climb up hills. You would
like to spend a couple of hours on a quiet walk with well-marked paths.
8. You like to get as much exercise as possible and particularly like climbing steep hills to
get a good view. You want to do a walk that is difficult and offers a range of scenery.
9. You have two sons of 8 and 10. You would like to take them to see some animals in the
countryside. You want to be able to buy some refreshments.
10.You have had an operation and need plenty of fresh air to help your recover. You want
to find a short, quiet walk with a beautiful place to visit on the route.
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11.Your grandparents are staying with you. They are very fit and enjoy walking. They would
like to visit some of the local villages and need a clearly-marked route so they don't lose
their way.
12.Alan and Mike would like to spend some time in a seaside town where they can do
water sports and be taught some basic diving using an air tank.
13.You are studying architecture and prefer holidays where you can follow this interest.
You also want to try some thrilling outdoor activity.
14.You need a rest after working hard, but you wouldn't like to go to the seaside. You want
to find a holiday that combines opportunities to meet friendly people and visit more
than one country.

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I Dive Worldwide J The Spanish Pyrenees

With resorts around the Canary Islands, we A multi activity adventure holiday in Spain
have a variety of great scuba diving sites for that will see you explore the Spanish
you to choose from. We are all professional Pyrenees with a number of guided tours –
divers ourselves and understand what walking, climbing , rafting and canyoning.
makes a perfect diving holiday. DVT dive We'll also visit Zaragoza which is a treasure
centres are available for adults and children trove of cultural and historical gems.
12 years and above. Tourists will find many magnificent
buildings and ancient Roman ruins.

K Baobab Travel

This is an incredible family adventure holiday full of discovery,

nature and activity, for fun seeking families wanting an amazing
adventure close to home. From the mountain to the coast,
Catalonia offers a beautiful and diverse location for this
incredible multi-activity holiday.

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 Part 3

Read the text and choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings
below.

There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them. You cannot use
any heading more than once.

List of headings

A. One possible source of inaccuracies

B. Less time doing chores
C. A difference between perception and reality
D. The value of extra leisure time
E. Americans are working harder
F. Significantly more free time
G. The effect of including retirees
H. The need for a wider description of work
I. An effective system for measuring time spent
J. How Americans think about their time

15.Paragraph 1___
16.Paragraph 2___
17.Paragraph 3___
18.Paragraph 4___
19.Paragraph 5___
20.Paragraph 6___

LEISURE TIME IN AMERICA

1. A pair of economists have looked closely at how Americans actually spend their time.
Mark Aguiar, at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and Erik Hurst, at the University of
Chicago’s Graduate School of Business constructed four different measures of leisure.
The narrowest includes only activities that nearly everyone considers relaxing or fun; the
broadest counts anything that is not related to a paying job, housework or errands as
“leisure”. No matter how the two economists slice the data, Americans seem to have
much more free time than before.

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2. Over the past four decades, depending on which of their measures one uses, the
amount of time that working-age Americans are devoting to leisure activities has risen
by 4-8 hours a week. For somebody working 40 hours a week, that is equivalent to 5-10
weeks of extra holiday a year. Nearly every category of American has more spare time:
single or married, with or without children, both men and women. Americans may put in
longer hours at the office than other countries, but that is because average hours in the
workplace in other rich countries have dropped sharply.
3. How then have Messrs Aguiar and Hurst uncovered a more relaxed America, where
leisure has actually increased? It is partly to do with the definition of work, and partly to
do with the data they base their research upon. Most American labour studies rely on
well-known official surveys, such as those collected by the Bureau of Labour Statistics
(BLS) and the Census Bureau, that concentrate on paid work. These are good at gleaning
trends in factories and offices, but they give only a murky impression of how Americans
use the rest of their time. Messrs Aguiar and Hurst think that the hours spent at your
employer’s are too narrow a definition of work. Americans also spend lots of time
shopping, cooking, running errands and keeping house. These chores are among the
main reasons why people say they are so overstretched, especially working women with
children.
4. However, Messrs Aguiar and Hurst show that Americans actually spend much less time
doing them than they did 40 years ago. There has been a revolution in the household
economy. Appliances, home delivery, the internet, 24-hour shopping, and more varied
and affordable domestic services have increased flexibility and freed up people’s time.
5. The data for Messrs Aguiar and Hurst’s study comes from time-use diaries that American
social scientists have been collecting methodically, once a decade, since 1965. These
diaries ask people to give detailed information on everything they did the day before,
and for how long they did it. The beauty of such surveys, which are also collected in
Australia and many European countries, is that they cover the whole day, not just the
time at work, and they also have a built-in accuracy check, since they must always
account for every hour of the day.
6. Do the numbers add up? One thing missing in Messrs Aguiar’s and Hurst’s work is that
they have deliberately ignored the biggest leisure-gainers in the population, the growing
number of retired folk. The two economists excluded anyone who has reached 65 years
old, as well as anyone under that age who retired early. So America’s true leisure boom
is even bigger than their estimate.

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 Part 4

Read the following text for questions 21-29

Global Warming

Day after day we hear about how anthropogenic development is causing global warming.
According to an increasingly vocal minority, however, we should be asking ourselves how
much of this is media hype cud how much is based on real evidence. It seems, as so often is
the ease, that it depends on which expert you listen to, or which statistics you study. Yes, It
is true that there is a mass of evidence to indicate that the world is getting wanner, with
one of the world’s leading weather predictors stating that air temperatures have frown an
increase of just under half a degree Celsius since the beginning of the twentieth century.
And while this may not sound like anything worth losing sleep over, the international press
would have us believe that the consequences could be devastating. Other experts,
however, are of the opinion that what we are seeing is just part of a natural upward and
downward swing flint has always been part of the cycle of global weather. An analysis of
the views of major meteorologists in the United States showed that less than 20% of them
believed that any change in temperature over the lust hundred years was our own fault –
the rest attributed it to natural cyclical changes.

There is, of course, no denying that we are still at a very early stage in understanding
weather. The effects of such variables as rainfall, cloud formation, the seas and oceans,
gases such as methane and ozone, or even solar energy are still not really understood, and
therefore the predictions that we make using them cannot always be relied on. Dr. James
Hansen, in 19BH, was predicting that the likely effects of global warming would be a raising
of world temperature which would have disastrous consequences for mankind: “a strong
cause arid effect relationship between the current climate and human alteration of the at-
mosphere”. He has now gone on record as stating that using artificial models of climate as a
way of predicting change is all but impossible. In fact, he now believes that, rather than
getting hotter, our planet is getting greener as a result of the carbon dioxide increase, with
the prospect of increasing vegetation In areas which in recent history have been frozen
wastelands.

In fact, there is some evidence to suggest that as our computer-based weather models have
become more sophisticated, the predicted rises In temperature have been cut back. In
addition, if we Look at the much reported rise in global temperature over the last century, a
close analysis reveals that the lion’s share of that increase, almost three quarters in total,
occurred before man began to “poison” his world with industrial processes anti the accom-

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panying greenhouse gas emissions in the second half of the twentieth century.

So should we pay any attention to those stories that scream out at us from billboards and
television news headlines, claiming that man, with his inexhaustible dependence on oil-
based machinery and ever more sophisticated forms of transport is creating a nightmare
level of greenhouse gas emissions, poisoning his environment and ripping open the ozone
layer? Doubters point to scientific evidence, which can prove that, of all the greenhouse
gases, only two percent come From man-made sources, the rest resulting from natural
emissions. Who, then, to believe: the environmentalist exhorting us to leave the car at
home, to buy re-usable products packaged in recycled paper and to plant trees in our back
yard? Or the sceptics, including, of course, a lot of big businesses who have most to lose,
when they tell us that we are making a mountain out of a molehill? And my own opinion?
The jury’s still out as for as I am concerned!

Questions 21-29

21.As to the cause of global warming, the author believes that …

A. occasionally the fact depend on who you are talking to
B. the facts always depend on who you are talking to
C. often the fact depend on which expert you listen to
D. you should not speak to experts
22. More than 80% of the top meteorologists in the United States are of the opinion
that...
A. global warming should make us lose sleep
B. global warming is not the result oil natural cyclical changes, but man-made
C. the consequences of global warming will be deviating
D. global warming is not man-made, but the result of natural cyclical changes
23. Our understanding of weather…
A. leads to reliable predictions
B. Is variable
C. cannot be denied
D. is not very developed yet
24. Currently, Dr. James Hansen’s beliefs include the fact that …
A. It is nearly Impossible to predict weather change using artificial models
B. the consequences of global warming would be disastrous for in mankind
C. there Is a significant link between the climate now, mid man’s changing of the
atmosphere
D. Earth is getting colder

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Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?

25.At the same time that computer-based weather models have become more
sophisticated, weather forecasters have become more expert.

A) True B) False C) Not Given

26.Most of the increase In global temperature happened in the second half of the
twentieth century.

A) True B) False C) Not Given

27.The media wants us to blame ourselves for global warming.

A) True B) False C) Not Given

28.The media encourages the public to use environmentally friendly vehicles, such as
electric cars to combat global warming.

A) True B) False C) Not Given

29.Environmentalists are very effective at persuading people to be kind to the

environment.

A) True B) False C) Not Given

Part 5

The hidden lives of solitary bees

Ian Beavis is a naturalist and blogger with a mission to raise the profile of the many solitary
bees, whose pollinating services are so important, yet so little recognised, Solitary bees
inhabit gardens, parks, woodlands, fields and cliffs. In fact they represent 95% of the
world's bee species. Leading wildlife illustrator Richard Lewington. best known for his
beautiful paintings of butterflies, says, 'Solitary bees are so useful to gardeners and
commercially valuable. Yet until recently they barely registered in the public consciousness.
I wanted to help publicise their vital role in our lives' The problem with solitary bees has
long been one of identification - with more than 240 species to choose from, and no
accessible guidebook, where do people start? So Richard Lewington has spent any spare
time over the past few years working on a new guide to the bees of Great Britain and
Ireland. This, amazingly, is the first book of its kind to be published for over a century.

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How do solitary bees live? A female solitary bee constructs a nest and then lays her eggs in
individual cells, lining or sealing them with various materials depending on the species of
bee - red mason bees use mud leafcutter bees use sections of leaf The female leaves what
naturalists call a 'parcel' of pollen and nectar for each other little grubs to feed on When
the female has laid all her eggs, she dies The emerging grubs eat. grow and develop into
adults the following year.

While some bees are plentiful and widespread, others have been designated as rare. Or are
very local in distribution. In 2013. Ian Beavis came across what has long been known as one
of Britain's rarest species, the banded mining bee. An impressive species with white hairs
on its face, the banded mining bee nests in the ground, typically on steep banks. Ian Beavis
explains that it always chooses bare earth because it doesn't like having to eat through
plant roots to make its nest Females feed on a variety of plants, but seem particularly fond
of yellow dandelions that bloom from spring to autumn.

Another bee that has attracted naturalists' attention is the ivy bee. It was only identified as
a distinct species in 1993. It is one of a number of bees that have been able to establish
themselves in Britain due to the recent warmer winters. About the same size as a with
distinctive orange-yellow banding on its abdomen, it was initially thought to feed on y on
ivy, but has since been seen visiting other plants.

The discoveries about ivy bees show how rewarding the study of solitary bees can be but
it's not the only species whose habits are changing. Ian Beavis believes we can see in
solitary bees the beginning of social behaviour. He explains that many species make their
nests close to each other in huge groups, and there are some, like Andrena scotica, where
several bees use the same entrance without becoming aggressive. It's not difficult to see
how this behaviour, which could be seen as the foundation of social behaviour, might
evolve in future into worker bees sharing care of the grubs. Indeed some of Britain's solitary
bees, Lasioglossum malachurum for example, are already demonstrating this type of social
behaviour. So will all solitary bees evolve into social insects? Not necessarily. According to
Ian Beavis, there are advantages to social behaviour but there are also advantages to
nesting alone. Bees that nest socially are a target for predators, diseases and parasites.

Pesticides can also pose a threat to solitary bees. At the University of Sussex in England.
Beth Nicholls is conducting research into the effects of certain pesticides on the red mason
bee. She explains. 'We know that pesticides harm social bees, but very little research has
been done into solitary bees.’ Honeybees fly throughout the summer, so they may be
exposed to different levels of pesticides. But if the shorter flight period of solitary bees - the
red mason bee only flies from March to May - coincides with peak pesticide levels, that

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might be disastrous. If the red mason bee declines dramatically, it could affect the fruit
growing industry. According to Beth Nicholls, it is much more efficient at pollinating orchard
trees. Social bees carry pollen in ‘baskets' on their back legs, but a female red mason bee
carries it on the underside of her abdomen. This is a messier way of transporting it, and so
more pollen is transferred to other flowers. The social bees' method is much 'tidier’, so
once they have collected the pollen and tucked it away behind their legs, it won't be
dropped.

Solitary bees are all around us. We need to start paying attention to them before it’s too
late.

30. What does the writer think is surprising about the new book on bees?

A. There is such a wide range of species in it.

B. Some of the species in it are hard to differentiate.
C. Richard Lewington chose to give up his main work to write It.
D. It was so long since a guide like this had been produced.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer 31-35

The life of the solitary bee

Female solitary bees make their nests with separate 31________________ where single
eggs are deposited. Females try to ensure the survival of all their 32________________.
They do this by providing suitable food in what is referred to as a 33________________.
Solitarybees use a range of substances to make their nests comfortable and secure, such as
plant material or 34________________.

Although some solitary bees are common, certain species are thought to
be 35________________.

The different solitary bees vary widely in their distribution, some being found all over
Britain while others are much more restricted geographically.

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