Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR

SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF HUMANITIES AND

SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDENTS OF BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A RESEARCH Presented to
Senior High School Department
Barobo National High School
Barobo, Surigao del Sur

In Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion

ZIA CLAIRE P. VILLANUEVA

DAILENE T. MATUGAS
CHRISTINE MAY G. BARADILLO
DEMARK B. ASPILLA

JUNE 2023

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the general nature of the problem, concepts, and theories as

bases of the study, objectives vis-á-vis the research questions, significance of the study, scope

and limitations and important key terms that have bearing in the study.

1.1 Introduction

Social media has become more widely employed in education across the globe. It

provides both beneficial and negative effects on learning. It completely changed how students

interact with one another, learn, and complete tasks. People enjoy using social media because

of its welcoming, simple, and effective qualities. Social media is gaining popularity and is

being widely used by students as a tool for communication and group cohesion. Due to the

availability of smart phones and other gadgets, they are more dependent on using social

media for daily tasks. However, as a result of this excessive use, social media has started to

have a noticeable impact on students' lives. Some of these affects have been discovered to

have an impact on students' academic performance (Othman et al., 2016).

Social media addiction is a behavioral addiction that is characterized as being overly

concerned about social media, driven by an uncontrollable urge to log on to or use social

media, and devoting so much time and effort to social media that it impairs other important

life areas (Wigmore, 2019). A person must use social media for 21.5 hours per week, or 3.07

hours per day, in order to be deemed addicted (Sahin & Yagci, 2017).

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 2
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
Academic performance is the measurement of student achievement across various

academic subjects. Teachers and education officials typically measure achievement using

classroom performance, graduation rates and results from standardized tests (Jony, 2021).

Over 210 million people worldwide suffer from social media addiction. In a survey of

Turkish respondents, 52% use social media between one and three hours per day, 20.5%

between four and six hours, and 8.1% for more than seven hours everyday (Fienhold, 2014).

Around teens in the US are addicted to social media, when reflecting on the amount of time

they spend on social media generally, a majority of U.S. teens (55%) say they spend about

the right amount of time on these apps and sites, while about a third of teens (36%) say they

spend too much time on social media (Massarat et al., 2022). Heavily social media-addicted

teenagers spend up to 9 hours on social media every day, which works out to be 37% of their

total time in 24 hours being spent on social media alone (Tsukayaman, 2015). 7 out of 10

teens who use social media for more than 5 hours per day have a significantly greater risk of

committing suicide and 10% of teens check their phones more than 10x per night (Brundin,

2019).

Internet users in the Philippines spent an average of 9.14 hours accessing the social

media on various devices during the third quarter of 2022. Meanwhile, 4.06 hours were spent

using specific social media on average daily. Other online activities of Filipino internet users

include watching television and listening to music streaming services (Statista, 2023).

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 3
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
Based on a study by Ordinario (2022), Filipinos spent 10 hours, and 56 minutes per

day online, or 166 days per year. Of this time, four hours and 15 minutes are spent on social

media per day which is equivalent to 65 days in a year. This placed the Philippines as the

country that spends the most time online and on social media. It was estimated that 67

percent of the country’s population uses the social media. People who use social media

excessively—defined as using it for more than 4 hours per day—are twice as likely to report

feeling socially isolated than people who use it for less than half that amount of time each

day. Teenagers who used social media for more than three hours per day also had a 60%

higher risk of developing mental health problems than those who avoided these apps

(Primack et al., 2017).

Students of Barobo National High School are frequently using social media.

Researchers have observed that during class hours students are not paying attention to the

discussions and can not focus on the activities as students keeps on scrolling on different

social media platforms and passing their answers through such apps. Through a simple

interview and observation in one of the section of HUMSS strand, 9 out 10 students have

been found that students use social media for about 3-6 hours every day.

This particular study aimed to determine the extent of social media usage to the

academic performance of Humanities and Social Sciences students of Barobo National High

School for the First Semester of School Year 2022-2023.

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 4
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
1.2 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

The Uses and Gratifications Theory of Elihu Katz and Jay Blumler in 1974. This

study identified ten uses and gratifications for using social media. The ten uses and

gratifications are social interaction, information seeking, pass time, entertainment, relaxation,

communicatory utility, convenience utility, expression of opinion, information sharing, and

surveillance/knowledge about others.

Uses & Gratification theory is used in the study to understand the motives and

experiences of individuals in using media (Katz et al., 1973). U&G posits that use of media is

motivated and goal-directed; users consume media based on gratifications sought and

achieved, and; social-psychological factors influence media use (Haridakis, 2013). In relation

to SMD, Kircaburun et al. (2020) suggest that individuals who use social media to pass the

time, socialize and express themselves exhibit more problematic social media use.

Stanford and Stanford (1974) and Adamu (2011) stated that the Uses and

Gratifications Theory assumes that the students have alternate choices to satisfy their needs

as it is concerned with “what do people do with media” rather than “what do media do to

people”. This theory emphasizes the concept that people utilize the media in various ways to

acquire various types of pleasure or to meet various requirements. It also shows how viewers’

responses to media content are highly customized. Such responses include feelings of

pleasure or anger, changes in conduct, and increased comprehension, among other things.

Like every other means of needs satisfaction, the mass media is a competing force.

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 5
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
The focus of this idea is the fact that individuals have several needs that are striving to

be satisfied, individuals employ different method in fulfilling their needs and the media is one

of the source people use in satisfying their needs, but it is continually competing with face to

face mode of interaction.

A student needs represent something necessary or desired that they lack. That is,

needs are fundamental elements and the starting point of the process that leads to behavioral

results. According to U&GT, a student is motivated to use a particular media to satisfy unmet

needs. Therefore, motivations represent “general dispositions that influence people’s actions

taken to fulfil a need or want” (Papacharissi & Rubin, 2000). These needs and motivations

drive student's media choices through their evaluation of media based on gratifications. It

could be for entertainment, value transmission, argument facilitation or to locate old time

friends.

This theory focused on the fact that the audience member links his or her need

gratifications to media content. That is, users make deliberate choice of media content in

order to satisfy their needs. Uses and gratification theory is functionalist in character,

suggesting that the media performs a function but ignores the dysfunctional nature of the

media, as it may influence on audience being.

The major concept of this study focuses on the effects of social media usage and

Academic Performance of Humanities and Social Sciences Students of Barobo National High

School Academic Year 2022-2023.

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 6
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
Figure 1 shows the variables of the study. It demonstrates how to analyze the

correlation between social media usage and academic performance and reveals notable

variations in how engaged students in the humanities and social sciences are on social media

depending on their age and gender.

For input, it consists of the respondents’ demographic profile as well as the general

average, and the extent of usage of social media on the particular social media platform.

Usually, all the details specified in the stamen of the problem are stipulated here.

For the process, it includes the questionnaire that were utilized, the gathering of data,

the statistical analysis of the data, and data interpretation. It covers all aspect of the

educational research, from the initial data collection through the conclusions and

recommendations.

In developing the questionnaire, the researchers conducted a survey for the

Humanities and Social Sciences students of Barobo National High School on evaluating the

extent hour usage of social media per day and the effects on it to their academic performance.

For output this includes the action taken after interpreting the results of the study. The

analysis of social media usage and academic performance of HUMSS students. From this, the

researchers conceptualized recommendations that will l give students the knowledge they

need to understand that. In addition to the social advantages of this social media, using it

excessively could be harmful to their academic performance and will be crucial in helping

students comprehend the variety of social media.

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 7
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Social demographic
profile:
Extent of social
1. Age media usage on Academic Performance
2. Gender
- Facebook
- Youtube
- Tiktok
- Instagram
- Twitter
- Telegram
- Messenger

Figure 1. The research paradigm

1.3 Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the extent of social media usage to the academic

performance of Humanities and Social Sciences students of Barobo National High School for

the First Semester of School Year 2022-2023.

Specifically, this sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences students

of Barobo National High School in terms of:

a) age?

b) gender?

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 8
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
c) academic performance?

2. How many hours each respondent utilized social media per day when group according

to:

a. Facebook

b. Youtube

c. Tiktok

d. Instagram

e. Twitter

f. Telegram

g. Messenger

3. Are there significant difference in the engagement of Humanities and Social Sciences

students in social media when analyzed according to:

a. age and

b. gender?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the engagement in social media (time spent)

and academic performance of Humanities and Social Sciences Students?

9
5. What is the effect of students’ social media usage on their academic performance?

1.4 Hypotheses

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Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
The following are the null and alterative hypothesis of this research:

Ho: There is no significant difference in the academic performance of Humanities and

Social Sciences students on the use of social media when analyzed according to age and

gender

Ho: There is no significant effect of students’ social media usage on their academic

performance

1.5 Significance of the Study

Social media has both positive and negative aspects, but many students use these sites

on a regular basis. Many studies have been conducted over the years on social media use on

students’ academic performance, and it demonstrates a strong relationship between the two

variables.

The researcher believed that the result of the body is beneficial to the following:

Students. The study will give students the knowledge they need to understand that, in

addition to the social advantages of this social medias, using it excessively could be harmful

to their health and academic performance. It will be crucial in helping students comprehend

the variety of social media.

Parents. The study is important for parents who are personally involved in their

children's education since it takes into account how well their kids perform in various

academic subjects and gives them the ability to monitor how their kids use social media sites.

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
Provide their children with a leading education that will equip them to contribute to society

successfully.

Teachers. This study may serve as an eye opener to develop and innovate educational

materials and to employ a variety of effective teaching techniques or making strategies and

plans on creating more conducive to learning and meeting students' developmental,

emotional, and academic needs, that teachers may purposefully discover the imparts

knowledge on challenges and opportunities.

School authorities. This study will provide baseline information for developing

school advancement programs. acquiring the knowledge necessary for ongoing evaluation

that will help school authorities create effective policies and function as implementers of the

teaching-learning process designs.

Future researchers. The study will provide future researchers with more information

on the implications of social media usage on academic performance in students, giving the

researchers an opportunity to explore and gain new knowledge. Furthermore, it can be used

for future studies.

1.6 Scope and Delimitation

The main purpose of the study is to provide information regarding social media and

how it affects the academic performance of students. The study considers the student’s

personal information such as their demographic profiles.

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Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 11
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
The research study is limited to 169 male and female Humanities and Social Sciences

students enrolled for the school year 2022-2023 at Barobo National High School. Each of the

respondents was given a questionnaire to answer the students selected came from 6 different

sections to prevent bias and examine or gain objective viewpoints.

1.7 Definition of Terms

For better clarification and understanding of the terms related to this study, the

following terms are defined operationally.

Academic Performance. It refers to the general average of the respondents for the

First Semester of School Year 2022-2023.

Addiction. It means not having control overdoing taking something to the point

where it could be harmful to you.

Internet. It refers to an electronic network, it can also be explained by the bunch of

websites of different organizations, schools, institutions, and more.

Monothetic Measure. It means describing a classification where each of a set of

attributes must be present.

Multi-county. It means consisting of or involving numerous countries.

Psychometric. It refers to the technique of mental measurements.

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION 12
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
Respondents. It refers to the Grade 12 Students of humanities and social sciences of

Barobo National High school year 2022-2023.

Social Media Addiction. It refers to the particular behavioral addiction characterized

by excessive social media worry, which develops when a person spends more than 3.07 hours

per day—or 21.5 hours per week—using social media.

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter thematically presents the background concepts and language studies

which are closely related to the present study.

2.1 Conceptual literature

This presents the related concepts used in the study, namely: social media usage,

social media addiction, Facebook addiction, Instagram addiction, Tiktok addiction, Telegram

addiction, gender usage of social media, and usage of social media by age.

Social Media Usage. Social media usage has become more widely employed in

education across the globe. It provides both beneficial and negative effects on learning. It

completely changed how students interact with one another, learn, and complete tasks

(Othman et al., 2016). Social media has revolutionized the way we connect and communicate

with each other. And not just in our personal lives, either. Teachers and administrators have

realized the potential of using social media in education. These days, the best educators are

embracing social media’s role in the classroom. But if you feel overwhelmed by the

possibilities, you’re in the right place (Christison, 2022).

Social Media Addiction. There are numerous definitions of social media addiction

for the past decades. Davenport (2022) social media addiction is when a person feels an

extreme compulsion to log in or use social media. They may also feel an overwhelming

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
concern about social media and devote a large amount of time to it. Social media addiction

(including its variations, such as, Facebook addiction, SNSs addiction, and addictive SNSs

use) is most commonly used and is defined as a maladaptive psychological dependency on

SNS to the extent that behavioral addiction symptoms occur (Cao et al., 2020).

Facebook Addiction. In contrast to the prevalence of general mental health issues

among current Facebook users, which was 21.9%, Facebook addiction was present in 41.9%

of users. In terms of the relationship between Facebook addiction and mental health status,

there were pronounced levels of mental health issues on the Facebook addiction scale (Ptrend

0.05), and the Facebook addiction group had a significant risk of developing abnormal mental

health (ORadj = 1.7). Therefore, these findings are consistent with the current study's

hypothesis that Facebook addiction poses a risk for abnormal mental health. Previous

research on Facebook addiction in Thai teenagers did not only succeed in assessing the

mental health effects of Facebook usage but also did not fail to use any standardized tools

(25-28). The current study is the first to use conventional evaluations to investigate the

connection between Facebook use and mental health in Thailand. Studies on Facebook

addiction in college and university students have been conducted in several nations(29–33),

and those studies looked at the relationship between Facebook addiction and mental health

conditions such as depression, sleeplessness, loneliness, and social dysfunction. The 4 sub-

domains of the Thai GHQ-28 were, therefore, the subject of the current investigation, which

found a substantial relationship between Facebook addiction and social dysfunction (ORadj =

1.5). The present study also draws parallels with a study by Isabella Wolniczak et al. (2013)

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
on a sample of undergraduate students in Peru, which reported a significant association

between Facebook dependence and poor sleep quality. Additionally, there were significant

associations between the severe Facebook addiction group and somatic symptoms (ORadj =

2.0), and social dysfunction (ORadj = 1). (25). Additionally, Binnaz Kiran Esen et al. (2013)

discovered that university students who used the internet heavily had more loneliness than

those who used it less and moderately (34). It can be debatable, nevertheless, if Facebook

addiction and depression are related (MPh, 2015).

Instagram Addiction. In light of new research indicating that problematic Instagram

use can result in addiction, one of the most popular social networking sites, Instagram, is

becoming more and more popular. The current study's objectives were to verify the Instagram

Addiction Scale in a sample of the Greek adolescent population between the ages of 18 and

24 and to assess its psychometric qualities. According to Kircaburum and Griffiths' (2018)

findings, the PCA produced two factors: 1. 8 items make up social effect, and there are 2

items. Compulsion consists of seven components. When asked "How frequently do you

prefer the excitement of Instagram instead of being with your close friends?" as part of the

social effect sub-factor, participants indicated that using Instagram harmed their networking

and real-world social relationships. The increased desire for Instagram use, the frequent

forgetfulness about the time when using Instagram, and the avoidance of real-life issues with

Instagram (i.e., "How often do you try to cut back on the amount of time you spend on

Instagram and fail?") were all represented in the compulsive sub-factor. Both variables

displayed acceptable internal consistency. A strong association between social effect and

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
compulsion was discovered, demonstrating that they both effectively and collectively

indicated people's problematic Instagram use and addiction. Men and women scored

differently on the IAS, with females scoring higher on both subscales and the IAS total score,

according to correlation analyses between the IAS subscales and IAS total score, as well as

participants' sociodemographic factors. Perceived stress was found to have high positive

relationships with both the IAS subscale measuring negative effects and the overall IAS

score. This result confirms earlier studies that found social networking sites to be a source of

stress (Maier et al., 2018). Concerning Instagram, it has recently been demonstrated that the

amount of time spent using the app significantly predicts stress (Lowe-Calverley et al., 2019).

Similarly to this, Sanz-Blas et al. (Sanz-Blas et al., 2019) evaluated the detrimental effects of

excessive Instagram use on people's psychological well-being and discovered that it led to

increased levels of stress and emotional exhaustion among 342 active Instagram users. As a

result, the mechanisms behind the link between stress and Instagram use are called into

doubt. People feel overwhelmed by the number of new technologies and information flowing

in, which causes them to become more stressed (Wurman, 1989). Discomfort, bad emotions,

and higher activation may result from the information loss caused by the discrepancy

between the knowledge that is provided and the users' cognitive capacity (Ragu-Nathan et al.,

2018). As fresh information is continuously being posted on Instagram, frequent Instagram

users may become incompetent and therefore overuse the platform to acquire more

information (Hong et al., 2014). Furthermore, Instagram's vibrant images and videos from

around the globe present a haven from reality for people with high perceived stress levels

who tend to view life's events as stressful.

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Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 17
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
Twitter Addiction. Particularly when it comes to young adults, Twitter has had a

significant impact on the social landscape and has become decidedly addicting. examining

the effect on students' compulsive use of Twitter. The students of Universiti Teknologi

MARA (UiTM) participated in the questionnaire survey research. The findings showed that,

out of 100 respondents, 34% tended to be frequent Twitter users, posting 5–10 tweets per

day. In the most severe example, 10% forgot how many times they had tweeted that day. The

majority of them (71%) also admitted that they were addicted to Twitter, with the goals of

increasing their following (45%), keeping up with the news (30%), being informed of local

events (15%), and killing time (10%) (Muhammad et al., 2018).

Youtube Addiction. Some people have noticed that they are watching online videos

and using social media on an increasing number of occasions, sometimes to the point where

they feel as though they have a YouTube addiction. Informally, the phrase is used to denote

that YouTube viewing habits may be excessive. But in other circumstances, this conduct can

point to a more serious issue. YouTube is the most commonly used online platform asked

about in this survey, and there’s evidence that its reach is growing . According to Rodriguez

(2021), fully 81% of Americans say they ever use the video-sharing site, up from 73% in

2019. YouTube is used daily by 54% if its users, with 36% saying they visit the site several

times a day. YouTube tops the 2022 teen online landscape among the platforms covered in

the Center’s new survey, as it is used by 95% of teens. TikTok is next on the list of platforms

that were asked about in this survey (67%) (Pew Research Center, 2022).

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 18
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
TikTok Addiction. Affects college students' capacity for learning. According to the

online survey's findings, participants were more likely to get sidetracked by TikTok when

they were supposed to be paying attention in class and finishing their homework the more

time they spent on the app each day. Losing track of time also had an impact on my other

variables, in addition to the variable of daily TikTok time. Participants were more likely to

get sidetracked on TikTok while they were supposed to be paying attention in class and

finishing their homework if they felt like they were losing track of time on the app. Another

intriguing discovery was that individuals were more prone to lose track of time on TikTok the

more time they spent using the app each day. The amount of time spent on TikTok every day

did not fluctuate between college years, therefore it did not matter what year a person was in

because they all spent roughly the same amount of time there every day (Wang et al., 2022).

Telegram Addiction. With a growth of 175% from 2018, Telegram now has 550

million monthly active users and 55.2 million daily active users. The average user spends 2.9

hours on Telegram each month, and the user population is made up of 58.6% men and 41.4%

women (Patterson, 2022).

Messenger Addiction. The unconscious users underestimate their usage time by 40%,

in spite of 15% more use in the actual usage. Messengers are most-used application

regardless of their self-report, and significant preference to SNS applications was observed in

addict group. The actual hourly pattern is consistent with the reported one. College students

use more in the afternoon, when they have more free time and cannot use PCs. No significant

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difference in hourly pattern is observed between the measured and self-report (Heyoung Lee

et al. ,2017)

Gender Usage of Social Media. Earlier types of technology like video or computer

games, studies have revealed that boys have been online more frequently than girls in prior

decades (Lin & Subrahmanyam, 2017). However, girls have admitted that they utilize social

media for various purposes. Of the 500 invitees, 328 students responded; a response rate of

66%. The respondents were 61% female and 39% male students. The average time spent on

social media usage was reported as 2–3 h per day. Furthermore, males were more addicted to

social media than females (49.6%) and (32%), respectively. Additionally, females' academic

performance was more highly influenced by the usage of social media than that of males,

although males were more addicted to social media networks (Samha et al., 2019).

As of January 2023, 51 percent of Snapchat's global audience were women, giving

this platform the highest share of female audiences from all of the selected social media

platforms. Image-based Instagram followed with 48.2 percent of users identifying as women.

Twitter was by far the platform with the highest share of male users, accounting for 63

percent of its worldwide audience base (Tankovska, 2023).

Usage of Social Media by Age. Social media users frequently have poor academic

performance (Khan, 2019). Wang (2010) posits social media is negatively associated with

academic performance student. According to Datareportal (2023), global consumers aged 17

to 18 are the biggest users of social media—not entirely dissimilar to social media age

demographics in the US. Those in this age group make up nearly one-third (32.2%) of all

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social media users worldwide. Of these users, the majority are male. They make up 18.1% of

all social media users, compared to female users aged 19 to 20, which constitute 14.1%

Users aged 16 to 18 form the second-largest group, with 22.2%. Like the younger age group,

male users form the majority. Of all the social media users worldwide, 12.1% are males aged

19 to 20, while 10.1% are females from the same age group. The data analyzing the social

media age demographics of global users worldwide shows that the third-largest age group is

40 to 49. They account for 14.4% of the total number of active social media users worldwide.

This is followed by users aged 16 to 20, who make up 13.1%, and those aged 50 to 59,

accounting for 9.8% of all social media users. The age group with the least number of active

social media users is 60 and above. Just 8.4% of global users fall in this age group. This

social media age demographics research shows that in post-teenage years, the older the

demographics, the less likely they are to be active on social media. According to experts, this

may be because young adults tend to use social media as a go-to source of information. The

older generation, on the other hand, is typically more skeptical and prefers to rely on

traditional mediums like television for information.

2.2 Research Literature

The following researchers found excessive usage of social media and students’ academic

performance.

Malaney (2019) observed that students' grades deteriorated as they spent too much

time on social media. Whereas Bowen (2019) discovered that social media usage affects

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BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
students' academic performance and leads to immoral practices such as procrastination in

tests. As a result, some educators believe that social media platforms are not always

appropriate for teaching and learning activities (Waycott et al., 2018). Lederer (2020)

discovered that social media can be a distraction for learners because it can redirect students'

attention away from being active in class and disrupt the entire process of learning. Even

though the role of social is important for educational purposes, students are easily distracted

by the numerous social networking sites that occur. They prefer to spend their time chatting,

playing games, shopping, and engaging in non-academic activities (Abbas et al., 2019). As a

result, students' educational activities must be professionally managed while keeping in mind

all of the factors that can influence their academic performance positively or negatively.

Many studies on students' use of social media sites, such as Choney (2021), San

Miguel (2019), and Enriquez (2018), revealed a negative effect on students' academic

performance. According to a Nielsen Media Research study conducted in June 2010, nearly

25% of students' internet time is spent on social networking sites (Jacobsen & Forste, 2017).

The American Educational Research Association conducted a study and declared at its annual

conference in San Diego, California (2009), that social media users study less and earn lower

grades (Abaleta et al, 2018).

Mensah and Nizam (2016) found that social media platforms have a significant

impact on students' academic performance in Malaysian tertiary institutions in their study.

Nonetheless, time appropriateness and health addiction have a stronger significant influence

on students' academic performance among the six variables used in their study. This is due to

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 Republic of the Philippines
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REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
the fact that time management is crucial in determining an individual's success or failure. As
22
a result, students who lack time management skills are vulnerable to the negative effects of

social media. Similarly, in terms of health and addiction, students who are engrossed in social

media platforms end up skipping meals, which has a negative impact on their health.

Owusu-Acheaw, M., Larson, A. (2018) discovered that the use of social media had a

negative impact on their respondents' academic performance and further International Journal

of Advanced Information Technology (IJAIT) Vol. 8, No.4/5, October 2018 29 confirmed

that there was a strong positive relationship between social media use and academic

performance. Their research also revealed that the majority of their respondents use social

media sites to chat rather than for academic purposes.

Jacobsen and Forste, (2017) found that almost 25% of students' internet time is now

spent on social media. According to Rithika and Selvaraj (2022), students who spend more

time on social media may have difficulty balancing their academic tasks and social media

activities. As a result, their academic performance will suffer. Furthermore, Kalpidou et al.

(2016) discover evidence that students who spend the majority of their time on social media

have lower grade point averages than students who do not use social networking sites. This is

possible because their time spent on social media has reduced their productivity on academic

activities. Furthermore, Yeboah and Ewur (2014) found that time spent on social media

causes academic tasks to be delayed. Aside from that, Junco and Loken (2022) discovered

that time spent on Facebook is negatively related to a student's overall grade. Kolhar et al.

(2021) discovered that excessive use of social media, particularly during pandemic situations,

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 Republic of the Philippines
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SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR 23
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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may have a negative impact on students' learning. Physical inactivity, extreme stress, and

anxiety will have an impact on students' psychological health.

Kolhar et al. (2021) discovered that the vast majority of respondents primarily use

social networking sites for non-academic purposes. Social media usage has decreased the

amount of time that should be spent on academic tasks due to the availability of smartphones

and easy access to specific sites. According to Erlin et al. (2015), students' favorite non-

academic social media activities are online chat for online discussion, replying to comments

on other people's status, photo, or video, and viewing photo posts by their friends. According

to an Owusu-Acheaw and Larson (2018) study, the majority of respondents use social media

for chatting rather than academic purposes. As a result, social media networks have become a

platform for students to communicate with their peers, and spending more time on this

activity will eventually lead to poor academic performance (Bandura, 2016). According to

Mingle and Adams (2015), it would be difficult for students to concentrate on their studies if

they were distracted by online games and online chat.

Oye et al. (2017) stated that social media addiction has demonstrated that most

students unconsciously become addicted and obsessed with using social media without

considering its significant impact. They are obsessed with doing such activities, which has

become a habit that interferes with other important activities, including their academic

achievement. When students are interrupted by online games and chatting, it is difficult for

them to focus on their studies. Furthermore, the texting language used on social media has an

impact on their language proficiency (Wood et al, 2016), such as spelling and sentence

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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construction Yeboah and Ewur (2018). This is supported by Mingle and Adams (2015), who

stated that the growth of social media has lowered the standard of student articulation in
24
English, affecting their studies. He also stated that students frequently use abbreviations

during exams. Similarly, Azizi et al. (2019) discovered that excessive use of social media

causes significant stress and reduces academic engagement and achievement.

San Miguel (2019) investigated the relationship between student academic

performance and time spent on Facebook. "More time on Facebook equals slightly lower

grades," according to the overall findings. According to his research, the average Facebook

user has a GPA of 3.0 to 3.5, while the average non-Facebook user has a GPA of 3.5 - 4.0.

Furthermore, the average Facebook user studies for 1 - 5 hours per week, whereas the

average non-Facebook user studies 11 - 15 hours per week. Enriquez (2018) discovered that

students who multi-task between social networking sites and homework are likely to have

20% lower grades than students who do not have a social networking site. He believes that

even running a social networking site in the background on a student's computer while

studying or doing homework can lower a student's grade. He believes that "the problem is

that most people have Facebook or other social networking sites, their e-mails and may be

instant messaging constantly running in the background while they are carrying out their

tasks" Choney (2017), in looking at the time spend on facebook and its effect on academic

performance said a user of Facebook has an average "GPA of 3.06, while non users have an

average GPA of 3.82".

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 25
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
Furthermore, according to a study conducted by Karpinski and Duberstein (2019) of

Ohio Dominican University on college students who use social networks, those who do not

have significantly lower grade point averages (GPAs). They also stated that, among the

various unique distractions of each generation, Facebook is a major distraction of the current

generation. According to Khan (2016), Facebook users frequently experience poor academic

performance. Similarly, Englander et al. (2017) contend that social media is negatively

associated with student academic performance and is far more significant than its benefits.

Internet addiction has subsequently increased internet usage in the last few decades.

According to Nalwa and Anand (2018), addicted users prefer using the internet over their

personal and responsibilities, which ultimately leads to poor academic performance.

The study's findings revealed the nature of social media as a useful servant but a

dangerous master and a two-edged sword, according to Kolan and Dzadza (2018). Despite

the benefits that students can derive from social media networks, such as information sharing,

relationship building, and participation in group discussions, there is some addiction and

distraction of attention caused by the use of social media, which could have serious

consequences on students' academic lives. Piracy is one of the negative effects of social

media. The fact that it is free is the primary motivator for Australians of all ages to illegally

download movies and TV shows.

Landry T. (2016), claims that social media is a tool that can be used for good or bad,

depending on the individual. Yes, it is easier to remember the bad than the good when it

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Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
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REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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comes to social media, but social media sites have created opportunities for people all over

the world.

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 Republic of the Philippines
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REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The researchers will discuss the methodology and procedure used in the study in this

chapter. The following part includes the research design used in the conduct of the study, the

locale, the participants, and the procedure followed by the statistical tool.

3.1 Research Design

This study employed quantitative research specifically the correlational research

design to determine the extent of the relationship of Social Media Usage and the Academic

Performance of Humanities and Social Sciences Students of Barobo National High School

using statistical data. A correlation is a statistical test used to identify the propensity for two

(or more) variables or two sets of data to fluctuate regularly, according to Cresswell (2017).

The correlational research design will be used since it investigates relationships between

variables the social media usage and the first quarter average grade of the respondents)

without the researchers controlling or manipulating any of them.

3.2 Participants of the Study

The participants of the study came from 6 different sections of Grade 12 Humanities

and Social Sciences a total of 294 students, a simple random sampling is used and only 169

students answered the survey questionnaire. Researchers found that HUMSS track students

use social media the most excessively during school hours when compared to other strands,

thus they decided to focus on that strand.

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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
3.3 Setting of the Study

The study was conducted at Barobo National High School in Barobo, Surigao del Sur.

Surigao del Sur's public educational institution. It was founded in 1978 by Republic Act

9155. For senior high school, the school offers the TVL track as well as the STEM, ABM,

and HUMSS strands. The senior high school is divided into three buildings: Building 1,

Building 2 and Building 3. The school has all of the necessary facilities, not just for the

HUMSS track; it also has a stem laboratory, a computer lab for CSS, and other facilities. The

school has discernible ties to all of you Humanities and Social Sciences students for learners’

academic performance.

3.4 Research Instrument

The instrument used in the study was a 11- item survey questionnaire adopted from

Helou & Rahim (2014) that composed of three parts: part 1 is for gathering data on

respondents' personal information, part 2 is for rating the social media apps with the number

of hours respondents spent, and Part 3 is to identify the effects of social media usage on their

academic performance. Regarding to academic performance, the researchers will also gather
28
the first quarter average grade of the grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences students to

determine the significant relationship between Social Media Usage and Academic

Performance. The research instrument was checked and validated by the research adviser.

3.5 Data Gathering Procedure

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 Republic of the Philippines
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The researchers had allotted vigorous time, effort, and cooperation in developing their

questionnaire that is adopted from Helou & Rahim (2014) so as to serve its intended

respondents. After the adviser approved the questionnaire, copies were distributed to the 169

Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences students at Barobo National High School.

Respondents were given 10 minutes to answer the survey questionnaire.

After the respondents answered the questionnaire, the researchers collected and tallied

the data for interpretation.

3.6 Data Analysis

Frequency Count. It was used to determine the demographic profile of the

respondents and the time spent on social media usage.

ANOVA Test. It was used to determine the time spent on social media usage among

different age brackets.

t-test. It was used to determine the number of hours spent on social media usage

between male and female Humanities and Social Sciences students.

Pearson’s r. It was used to determine the relationship between engagement in social

29
media (time spent) and academic performance of the respondents and to determine the effect

of social media usage on student’s academic performance.

Table 3.1

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 Republic of the Philippines
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Descriptors Grade Scale

Outstanding 90-100
Very Satisfactory 85-89
Satisfactory 80-84
Fairly Satisfactory 75-79
Did not meet expectations Below 75
Total
Descriptors and Grading Scale (DO No. 08, s. 2015)

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Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph
 43
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR
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Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
P-1B, POBLACION, BAROBO, SURIGAO DEL SUR

Address: Purok 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao del Sur, 8309

Telephone No.: (086) 850-0113
Email Address: 304861@deped.gov.ph