Grade 2 Traditional Literature
Grade 2 Traditional Literature
Rationale…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..page 1
Workshop Formats
& Mini-lesson Structure…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….pages 2-5
Mini-Lesson Details
With Charts and Share Activities……………………………………………………………………….……..………..…….page 26-86
My Record of Writing………………………………………………………………………….………………………………….…………….page 87
This traditional literature reading and writing unit is an awesome resource for teaching a month
of both reading and writing workshops. Included are 20 lessons for reading and 20 lessons for
writing. A Common Core State Standard for third grade is linked to each lesson. There are also
descriptive details and an example of a class chart for each and every lesson.
The main goal of this unit is to introduce students to numerous text elements and topics within
traditional literature texts and to have students write their own traditional literature piece. Students
will learn to think like a reader and apply those strategies as a writer. The reading and writing
lessons cover topics such as:
•
different types of traditional literature
•patterns in traditional literature
•heroes in traditional literature
•villains in traditional literature
•problem/solution
•moral lessons
•order of events
•good triumphs email
•elements of magic
•predictable endings
•repeated language
•using dialogue
•comparing different texts with similar themes
•key events and illustrations
•adding important information
•figurative language
•font changes
•common language found in traditional literature
•analyzing the moral lesson
•ask and answer questions
•reflect on the genre
20 interactive read-aloud texts are listed and used in each of the 20 reading lessons. Every text is
an example of traditional literature. The texts were carefully chosen to show a variety of fantasy,
fairy tale, and folklore. Reading these books is great because they offer examples of traditional
literature writing from published authors. They are the foundation for all the learning in this unit.
•Students are reading books that they have chosen. They are often
responding to their reading on a thinkmark (a bookmark that you can write
on), a post-it, notecard, or in their reader’s notebook.
•The teacher is either conducting guided reading groups or individual
conferencing.
1. At the beginning of the year, it is common to spend the first 4-6 weeks
having individual conferences with students.
2. Teachers take notes on what students are reading, what they say about
what they are reading, and a variety of other reading related skills that
are noticed. These notes are critical because they help teachers
understand every student’s reading interests and abilities.
3. This information can be used to help students find new books in the
library, connect what their reading interests to other students in the room
(building that sense of community), informally evaulating oral reading
fluency, vocabulary skills, comprehension, and problem-solving
strategies.
4. Teachers can take notes using the ‘Reading Workshop Observation Form.’
month of school:
***also note that the writing lessons take students through the entire process of writing a traditional
literature piece. Prior to beginning the unit I spend one reading workshop time having students find
traditional literature chapter books they would like to read. This usually involves a trip to the library.
I use my writing workshop time to talk about text features students have noticed in the traditional
literature texts they have chosen to read. We make a class anchor chart titled, “Text Features in
Traditional Literature.” We keep this chart up all unit and add our new understandings as we work
through the lessons.
11 Readers notice when Writers choose a few lines to The True Story of
language is repeated in repeat throughout their the Three Little
traditional literature so
traditional literature story so Pigs
that they can predict that they can help their Repeated
what will happen next. readers predict what will language
happen next.
CCSS CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.2.3 Write
2.4 Describe how words narratives in which they
and phrases (e.g., recount a well-elaborated
regular beats, event or short sequence of
alliteration, rhymes, events, include details to
repeated lines) supply describe actions, thoughts, and
rhythm and meaning in feelings, use temporal words
a story, poem, or song. to signal event order, and
provide a sense of closure.
•Because it is the first day of the unit, this mini-lesson will include an IRA and take much longer than a
normal lesson.
•Begin by explaining to the students that you are beginning a month-long reading and writing unit on
traditional literature texts.
•I have students choose a traditional literature book to read during their independent reading time for this
unit. I do this so students can try out all the reading strategies from our mini-lessons during independent
reading time. Also, I want students to read different genres than they would normally choose on their
own. We spend some time in the school library, finding appropriate traditional literature texts to read
before we begin our unit.
•Read, The Three Sillies as an example of a traditional literature text. Ask students to think about the kinds
of text features and patterns they notice as you read.
•As a class, define what traditional literature is on the class chart. I have provided an example of a
definition for you. But, you may choose to create your own with the class.
•Break the genre of traditional literture into four categories and define each. Again, I have provided
examples, but you may choose to create your own as a class.
•Instruct students to pay attention to the text features as they begin to read independently today. Have
students write down which type of traditional literature book they are reading on a post-it, thinkmark, or
in their reader’s notebook. Also have them include their reasons why they think the book is a specific
genre. Tell them they will be sharing some of this at the end of the workshop today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Spend 10 minutes at the end of the workshop gathering at the carpet in a circle. Have each student bring
the book they are currently reading.
•Take notes as each child shares, writing down book titles, genres, and reasonings. This is sooooo
important to do; your students have probably never had a teacher write down what they are saying. It
shows them you value their thinking and are sincerely interested in what they have to say. It’s okay to ask
them to slow down because you want to write notes on what they are saying and to explain to them why
you are taking notes. This is a great way to build students’ confidence and value them as readers!! Not to
mention it gives you a wealth of knowledge about each student as an independent readerJ
Readers understand the different types of traditional literature so that they can
identify characteristics of each type.
Traditional Literature: narrative stories passed down from generations often
including magic, moral lessons, and fictional characters.
Folktales: Fables: Myths: Legends:
A type of An untrue story that An old story A story told
storytelling passed usually teaches a usually dealing through generations
down orally and lesson or tells about with supernatural that may or may not
believed to be a legendary person. beings or be true. They may
untrue. ancestors that include some elements
teach cultural of history.
lessons.
•The purpose of today’s lesson is to reactivate students’ thinking about traditional literature. It is like a
prewriting to prewriting (if that makes sense). Students will recall and analyze what they already know
about traditional literature writing.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•As with every ML statement, write it on a chart paper (or smart board, etc).
•If students do not already have a notebook, pass out writer’s notebooks for students and have them
make tabbed sections titled:
•Gathering seeds
•ML (mini-lessons)
•Word Work (this is where students copy interesting sentences, grammar rules, and other
conventions as they are incorporated into the writing workshop)
•Make a class list of traditional literature students may be familiar with. Ask for students to share a few
of their own ideas. Once you have a nice class list, circle a few titles that stand out and write more about
them on clean pages. This should be an interactive activity, where students contribute to the thinking for
story. You can retell some of the memorable parts from the traditional literature piece and also add your
own opinions of each.
•Tell them that they are going to make their own lists of traditional stories they have heard before.
Give them about 10 minutes to make their lists. Some may choose several from the class chart, but they will
likely add many of their own as well.
•Ask students to share what they have so far with a partner.
•After they have shared with a partner, call on a few to share with the class.
•Then ask students to circle two or three titles that they would like to write more about.
•Have students title a clean page for each topic and give them the rest of writing time to write everything
that comes to mind about each story. Students can also write down their opinions, things they wonder,
favorite parts, etc.
As students work, walk around and conference, taking notes with the writing conference observation
form. Ask why they are making the choices they are with their writing.
Bring students back to the carpet for the last five minutes with their notebooks. Have them share with a
partner some things they wrote about today.
As students share with the group, take some notes. The more information you gather about each child, the
faster you will learn about each of them as writers.
Copyright:
Out of This World Literacy (Jen Bengel) 28
Chart for mini-lesson
Writers make lists of traditional literature stories they have heard before so that
they can gather ideas from those stories to use in their own writing.
Make a class list and then discuss a few in detail
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk with students today about the traits and patterns often found in traditional literature.
•Review the two read-alouds that you have read in class already and use them as examples for today’s
lesson.
•Begin the class chart by putting a few text features and patterns students already are noticing about
traditional literature.
•Ask student to turn and talk with a partner about other ideas they could add to the chart.
•This chart will stay up all month and will be added to as students develop more understandings about
traditional literature as both readers and writers.
•During independent reading today, ask students to look for text features and patterns either that were
already discussed or are new ideas to add to the class list. Students can write their thoughts on a
thinkmark, a post-it, or in their reader’s notebooks. Make sure they know they will be sharing at the end
of the workshop today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•During the share today, have students turn and share what they wrote about any text features. Add any
new insights to the class chart.
Readers notice patterns in traditional literature so that they can identify those
patterns in the traditional literature they are reading.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Model for students how to brainstorm using some of the text features talked about during the reading
workshop in your own writing.
•As students begin to think about writing their own traditional literature story, make sure that you write
your own story as well. It is important to show students that you are writer by taking your own piece
through the writing process. Not only will your writing act as an excellent model for what you are asking
your students to try as writers, they will also be very excited to see what you create!
•Complete the class chart with your own thinking. Fill in the four column titles with text features (magic,
things in 3’s and 7’s, good v. evil, etc.) and brainstorm some ideas.
•This modeling will help students be able to try it out on their own.
•Have students turn to the gathering seeds portion of their notebook. Have them create a chart like you
made and brainstorm some writing.
•Tell students that today during independent writing they are going to brainstorm some ideas using the text
features chart as their guide.
•As students work, walk around and conference, taking notes with the writing conference observation
form. Ask why they are making the choices they are with their writing.
•Bring students back to the carpet for the last five minutes with their notebooks. Have them share with a
partner the writing they did today.
Chart for mini-lesson
Writers consider the common patterns found in traditional literature so that they can
create ideas that follow those patterns.
Fill in the column titles with text feature ideas you adding to the class chart during the
reading workshop
Use your own thinking to brainstorm some ideas for your own writing
Readers identify the heroes in traditional literature stories so that they can identify traits
that make those characters heroes.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk with students today about how there is often at least one hero in traditional literature stories.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Challenge students to think about the heroes in the traditional literature books they are reading
independently.
•Tell them to write down the heroes and describe their charcter traits as they are reading. Students can
write their thinking in their reader’s notebook, on a post-it, or on a thinkmark.
•Make sure students know they will be sharing their thinking at the end of the workshop today.
•During the share, ask students to talk with a partner about what they wrote in response to reading today.
Ask a few to share with the class.
Readers identify the heroes in traditional literature stories so that they can identify
traits that make those characters heroes.
Book Heroes Character Traits
The Three
Sillies
The Three
Swingin’ Pigs
The Orphan a
Cinderella
Story from
Greece
•Ask students to think about the heroes in the books they have read so far. What kind of character traits
did they have? How did they act? How did they become heroes?
•Tell students that today they are going to develop a hero for their traditional literature stories.
•Model this by completing the graphic organizer on the class chart with your own writing. It is very helpful
to do your writing ahead of time so that you are not taking up too much of the students’ writing time.
•Show students your writing and think aloud about what details you could add to the descriptions of your
heroes. Have a conversation about your writing with students.
•Tell students to turn to the next clean page in their writers notebooks and title it, “Heroes.” Have them copy
the outline for the graphic organizer from the class chart.
•Tell students they will be brainstorming heroes for their stories today. Remind them that this is the
prewriting stage and that they should write down all their thinking. They can decide later what exactly
they will include in their final writing piece.
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•During the share, call on some student volunteers to share what they wrote today.
•Be sure to take notes as students share. This will help you remember each student’s unique talents, as well
as send a strong message that you value their writing!
Writers develop heroes for their traditional literature story so that they create
strong characters for their story.
Use this space to model your own writing from in the graphic organizer by
following the directions above
Hero names: Character Physical What might happen in
Traits: Description: the story?:
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk with students today about how there is often at least one villain in traditional literature stories.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Challenge students to think about the villains (if any) in the traditional literature books they are reading
independently.
•Tell them to write down the villains and describe their charcter traits as they are reading. Students can
write their thinking in their reader’s notebook, on a post-it, or on a thinkmark.
•Make sure students know they will be sharing their thinking at the end of the workshop today.
•During the share, ask students to talk with a partner about what they wrote in response to reading today.
Ask a few to share with the class.
Chart for mini-lesson
Readers identify the villains in traditional literature stories so that they can identify
traits that make those characters villains.
Books Villains Character Traits
The Princess and the
Magic Locket (fill in chart based on your think-aloud
examples, & students’ thinking)
The Orphan a Cinderella
Story from Greece
Writers develop villains for their traditional literature story so that they create strong
characters for their story.
•Ask students to think about the heroes in the books they have read so far. What kind of character traits
did they have? How did they act? How did they become villains?
•Tell students that today they are going to develop a villain for their traditional literature stories.
•Model this by completing the graphic organizer on the class chart with your own writing. It is very helpful
to do your writing ahead of time so that you are not taking up too much of the students’ writing time.
•Show students your writing and think aloud about what details you could add to the descriptions of your
villains. Have a conversation about your writing with students.
•Tell students to turn to the next clean page in their writers notebooks and title it, “Villains.” Have them copy
the outline for the graphic organizer from the class chart.
•Tell students they will be brainstorming villains for their stories today. Remind them that this is the
prewriting stage and that they should write down all their thinking. They can decide later what exactly
they will include in their final writing piece.
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•During the share, call on some student volunteers to share what they wrote today. Be sure to take notes
as students share. This will help you remember each student’s unique talents, as well as send a strong
message that you value their writing!
Writers develop villains for their traditional literature story so that they create strong
characters for their story.
Use this space to model your own writing from in the graphic organizer by following
the directions above
Villain names: Character Physical What might happen in
Traits: Description: the story?:
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Today, focus on understanding the main problem and solution of the traditional literature books you have
read as a class. Have a discussion about your opinions as to how entertaining the book was.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Tell students to identify the major problem and solution so far in the traditional literature books they are
reading independently. Have them write their thinking on a thinkmark, post-it, notecard, or in their
reader’s notebooks. Make sure they know they will be sharing at the end of the workshop today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•During the share, have students turn-and-talk and share their thinking. Call on students to share with the
class.
Readers identify the main problem and solution in traditional literature stories so
that they can evaluate how entertaining the story was.
Book ProblemSolution How Entertaining the Story Was
The Trouble
With Wishes
(fill in chart based on
your think-aloud
The Three examples, & students’ thinking)
Sillies
The Princess
and the Magic
Locket
Writers create a main problem and solution for their traditional literature story so that they
can develop an entertaining story for their readers.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Model for the class your graphic organizer for problem and solution. Explain to the students that really
good writing has an entertaining problem and solution.
•Try to focus their thinking around the types of things that would interest their audience when they are
planning their problems and solutions today.
•Remind them that authors write traditional literature stories to entertain their readers and teach them a
moral lesson.
•Ask students for advice as you plan different options for problem and solution.
•Tell them to turn to the next clean page in their writer’s notebook and make a t-chart for problem and
solution.
•Have students turn and talk to a partner about their plans for creating a problem and solution for their
writing today.
•Remind them to review the work they have already done with developing heroes and villains. They can
add more details to that work today as well.
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•During the share, ask students to turn-and-talk with a partner about their writing. Call on a few to share
with the entire class.
Chart for mini-lesson
Writers create a main problem and solution for their traditional literature story so
that they can develop an entertaining story for their readers.
Problem: Solution:
Use this space to model your own writing from in the graphic organizer by following
the directions above
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Tell students that today identify some moral lessons found in traditional literature books you have read as
a class. Ask them also to consider how they could apply those lessons to their own lives.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Tell students to write down moral lessons from and how they can apply them to their own lives in the
traditional literature books they are reading independently. Have them write their thinking on a thinkmark,
post-it, notecard, or in their reader’s notebooks. Make sure they know they will be sharing at the end of
the workshop today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•During the share, have students turn-and-talk and share their thinking. Call on students to share with the
class.
Readers identify the moral lesson of a traditional literature story so that they
can consider how they can apply what they learned to their own lives.
Book Moral Lesson How it can be applied to our
own lives
Sylvester and the (fill in chart based on
Magic Pebble your think-aloud
examples, & students’ thinking)
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Have a conversation with your class about the different types of moral lessons they have read about in
traditional literature texts. Make a class list of all the lessons.
•Ask students to turn and talk about some ideas they have to include a moral lesson in their own writing.
•Call on students to share and add their thinking to the class chart.
•Tell students to turn to the next clean page in their writer’s notebooks and label it, “moral lessons.”
Give students a few minutes to make a list of ideas.
•After a few minutes has passed, ask them to circle a few of their favorites.
•Have them put each of their favorites on the top of clean pages in their notebooks. Ask them to write all
their ideas down during writing today. Remind them that during prewriting they are writing everything
they think of and not worrying so much about getting exactly the right thing down.
•Encourage students to review all the other prewriting they have done so far as well, adding details to
each section.
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•During the share, call on some students to share their favorite parts of what they have written so far.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk with students about how readers can easily understand stories when the order of events makes
sense. Ask them to think about the order of events in some of the traditinal literature books you have
read as a class.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Pass out post-it notes, thinkmarks, or note cards. (or use the reader’s notebooks)
•Ask students to write down the main events from the traditional literature books they are reading
so far.
•Ask them to write about how the order of those events helped understand the story.
•Tell them to be ready to share at the end of the workshop today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Ask students to share what have written at the end of reading today.
Readers identify the main events in a traditional literature story so that they can
think about how the order of the events makes the story easy to understand.
Main Events How the order helps with
understanding the text
The Princess and
The Pizza
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Model for the class your graphic organizer for beginning, middle, and end. Explain to the students that
the most important thing to remember is that their writing makes sense to their readers. Model how
writers reread their work to make sure it is making sense.
•Try to focus their thinking around the types of things that would interest their audience when they are
planning their outlines today.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Model for the class your graphic organizer for beginning, middle, and end. Explain to the students that
the most important thing to remember is that their writing makes sense to their readers. Model how
writers reread their work to make sure it is making sense.
•Try to focus their thinking around the types of things that would interest their audience when they are
planning their outlines today.
•Tell them that they will begin their rough drafts in just a few days. Explain that the reasons writers spend
so much time on prewriting is so that they can have a clear plan for their writing before they even begin.
•It is important to know the beginning, middle, and end of a story before writers begin the rough draft so
that they don’t lose their train of thought and add things their writing that would confuse their readers.
•Keeping a clear focus is extremely important. When writers have a plan, their focus is well thought out.
Have them complete this chart in their writer’s notebooks at the start of independent writing today. If they
have time, they can go back and add more details to the prewriting work they have been working on in
the days before.
As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
During the share, ask students to turn-and-talk with a partner about their writing. Call on a few to share
with the entire class.
Writers brainstorm events for the beginning, middle, and end of their traditional
literature story so that they can develop sequence of events that is easy for their
readers to understand.
Middle:
End:
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Tell students that today they are going to look carefully at the heroes and villains in some traditional
literature stories. Have a conversation about how the battle between good vs. evil adds excitement to the
story. Talk about your opinions of characters as you discuss.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Pass out post-it notes, thinkmarks, or note cards. (or use the reader’s notebooks)
•Ask students to write down their opinions about any good v. evil happening in their traditional
literature books they are reading independently today.
•Have them also include evidence from the book that will support their opinions.
•Tell them to be ready to share at the end of the workshop today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Ask students to share what have written at the end of reading today.
Adelita A Mexican
Cinderella Story
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk to students today about how writers choose events that build tension. Model this by showing students
how you buildt tension in the story you are writing. Think through the decisions you made and how you
worked to make your writing strong for your audience.
•Today is the last day of prewriting. Ask them to make their own tension mountain and review all the
prewriting they have completed so far.
•Have them read over all their work, adding details and thinking about how their rough drafts will be put
together tomorrow.
•By this point it may seem like too much prewriting, but you will be amazed at how well ALL your students
will be writing their rough drafts tomorrow because they will be so prepared!
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•During the share, ask students to share a few details about the major events they wrote about today.
Have them share with partners and then call on a few to share with the class.
Writers create events in their traditional literature story that build tension so that they
can lead up to when good triumphs evil.
Add your own events from your story to show how you buildt tension for your
readers.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk to students today about how authors add magic to traditional literature. Have a discussion about how
the magic adds to the story. Ask them to identify places from the read-alouds where magic happened.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Pass out post-it notes, thinkmarks, or note cards. (or use the reader’s notebooks)
•Ask students to write down places in the stories they are reading independently that show
elements of magic.
•Have them write how the magic adds to the enjoyment of the story.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Ask students to share what have written at the end of reading today.
Adelita A Mexican
Cinderella Story
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Today students will begin their rough drafts. Before they begin writing, talk to them about ways they
could add some magic into their writing plans.
•Show students your rough draft that you have written ahead of time. Ask them to find elements of
magic. Talk about all the other writing strategies you have worked on so far.
•Have studnets turn and talk with a neighbor about ideas for adding magic to their writing.
•Send students back to their desks and have them read over all their prewriting before you give them
rough draft paper. They should have all their work out in front of them.
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•During the share, ask students to share a few details about the major events they wrote about today.
Have them share with partners and then call on a few to share with the class.
Writers create elements of magic in their traditional literature stories so that they
can entertain their readers.
Show students your rough draft as you discuss elements of magic today.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk about how traditional literature stories usually have predictable endings. Compare the endings of
different stories you have read in class during the mini lesson today.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Pass out post-it notes, thinkmarks, or note cards. (or use the reader’s notebooks)
•Ask students to predict the endings of the stories they are reading independently that show
elements of magic.
•Have them write down reasons for their predictions.
•Tell them to be ready to share at the end of the workshop today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk with students about the importance of having an ending that is satifying to the readers.
•Show your rough draft and talk about your ending. Do some revising in front of the class, asking them
for advice to make your ending stronger.
•Have students read over what they have written so far in their rough drafts before they begin writing
again today. Make sure they use their prewriting forms to help with their rough drafts as well.
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•During the share, ask students to share any new vocabulary or areas they described vocabulary while
working on their rough drafts today.
Writers revise their ending so that it is very predictable based on the events in their
traditional literature story.
Show students your rough draft. Focus on your ending and do some revising.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk about how readers notice repeated words or phrases in traditional literature. Have a discussion
about how the repeated words or phrases help readers predict what will happen next.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Pass out post-it notes, thinkmarks, or note cards. (or use the reader’s notebooks)
•Ask students to write any places where words or phrases were repeated in the traditional
literature books they are reading independently.
•Ask them to write down any predictions they have for what might happen next. Tell them to be
ready to share at the end of the workshop today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Ask students to share what have written at the end of reading today.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk to students today about adding a few repeated words or phrase to their writing. Some may
already be trying this in their rough drafts.
•Model how to add a repeated word or phrase by showing your own rough draft. Talk about the choices
you made about repeated words.
•Ask students to read over what they have written so far, looking for places to add repeated words or
phrases that would make their writing more entertaining and predictable for their audience.
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•During the share, ask students how they felt while writing today. Ask them if they were coming up with
new things to say as they were writing. Call on students to share how that went for them.
Writers choose a few lines to repeat throughout their traditional literature story so
that they can help their readers predict what will happen next.
Use this space to model your own writing by following the directions above
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk with students today about how common it is for traditional literature stories to have different
versions because of the fact that they have been passed down orally from one generation to the next.
•Focus on the three versions of Cinderella stories you have read in class. You could also compare some of
the three little pig stories as well.
•Complete the class chart by adding students’ thoughts. You may want to start the chart out as a model
for the class. You could then have students turn and talk with a neighbor to gather more ideas. Write
students’ thinking on the class chart.
•Pass out post-it notes, thinkmarks, or note cards. (or use the reader’s notebooks)
•Ask students to write down any parts of the traditional literature books they are reading
independently that sound like other traditional literature they have read. Depending on what
students are reading, they may not be able to make connections to other versions.
•They can also write down some new thinking as they are reading.
•Tell them to be ready to share at the end of the workshop today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as your conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Ask students to share what have written at the end of reading today.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Model how to ask yourself questions as your reread the rough draft you have created in front of the
class.
•Think aloud about some questions you might be wondering. Show students how to read their writing like
they were the audience.
•For example, have the students ask themselves things like, will that part make sense to the other kids in
my class. Correct any places you think might need to be more clearly stated. Take out parts that might not
fit with the main plot of the story.
•Ask students to reread what they have for their rough drafts so far before they begin writing today.
Encourage them to ask themselves questions just as you modeled.
•Students will continue working on their rough drafts today and also do some revising as they check to see
if their writing is making sense.
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•Have students share what they have written so far with a partner.
Writers ask themselves questions as they are writing so that they can be sure their
story will make sense to their readers.
Use this space to model your own writing by following the directions above
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Today’s lesson is similar to yesterday’s lesson in that you will be comparing different stories. It is different
because you will be comparing stories with similar themes, not different versions of the same story.
•Talk with students today about many traditional literature stories can have the same theme, even though
the story is different.
•Focus on the idea of princesses and the themes found in, Princess Furball, The Princess and the Magic
Locket, and The Princess and the Pea.
•Complete the class chart by adding students’ thoughts. You may want to start the chart out as a model
for the class. You could then have students turn and talk with a neighbor to gather more ideas. Write
students’ thinking on the class chart.
•Pass out post-it notes, thinkmarks, or note cards. (or use the reader’s notebooks)
•Ask students to write down any themes from the traditional literature books they are reading
independently that are similar to other traditional literature they have read.
•Depending on what students are reading, they may not be able to make connections to other
stories. They can also write down some new thinking as they are reading.
•Tell them to be ready to share at the end of the workshop today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as your conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Ask students to share what have written at the end of reading today.
Readers make connections between different traditional literature stories that have
the same theme so that they can compare how the stories are alike and different.
Let’s Compare these Cinderella Stories: Princess Furball, The Princess and the Magic
Locket, and The Princess and the Pea.
Similar themes Evidence from the story are they accurate?
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•At this point, students should be finishing up their rough drafts. Each day they begin writing, they should
be rereading what they have already written so that they can get their minds thinking about the story.
•Explain to the students that each day they spend reading over and thinking about their stories is more
time they are taking to make their writing even better.
•Model for students how to add, change, or take out words and phrases so that rough drafts can become
more interesting.
•Ask students to turn and talk about how they plan to add, change, or take-out words or phrases in their
writing today.
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•Have students share what they have written so far with a partner. Then call on a few to share their
favorite parts.
Writers change words or phrases so that they can make their writing more
interesting for the readers.
Model this skill by changing some words and phrases in your own rough draft
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk about how identifying the key events in a story can help add to a deepr understanding of what is
happening. Sometimes authors include details that aren’t necessary critical in understanding the main idea.
They may be included for other purposes, such as to entertain or visualize. Help students find the most
important events today.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Pass out post-it notes, thinkmarks, or note cards. (or use the reader’s notebooks)
•Ask students to write down the most important events from the traditional literature books they
are reading.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Ask students to share what have written at the end of reading today.
Readers identify key events in a traditional literature story so that they can
determine what is necessary in understanding the story.
Key Events: How they help understand the story:
The Duchess of
Whimsy
Princess Furball
Cinder Edna
•Writers add or remove information in a historical fiction so that their readers can better understand what
the story is about.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•By this point in the writing process, students should have the body of their traditional literature piece
written out. Have them spend some time today thinking about what kinds of illustrations might be helpful
for their readers to better understand the main events in their story.
•Ask students to sketch some illustrations to match their main events today.
•If students have not completed their rough drafts make sure they spend some time completing them
before illustrating.
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•Have students share what they have written so far with a partner. Then call on a few to share their
favorite parts.
Writers create illustrations for their traditional literature stories so that they
can add meaning to the main events in their story.
Show examples of illustrations from read-alouds that add understanding to
the main events.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk with students about the use of figurative language in traditional literature. Explain to them what
figurative language is and why writer use it versus literal.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the second example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Pass out post-it notes, thinkmarks, or note cards. (or use the reader’s notebooks)
•Ask students to copy some figurative language from the traditional literature they are reading
independently.
•Ask them to write how that language adds entertainment to the story.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Ask students to share what have written at the end of reading today.
The Duchess of
Whimsy
Princess Furball
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Work with students today on deciding where they can add figurative language to their writing. Have
them look for areas in their writing where they are directly telling the reader something. Ask them to
think about how they could make that section more figurative and less literal.
•Model this by finding placing to chage your own rough draft. Ask students for help as you change words
from literal to figurative.
•During independent writing today, have students work on revising their work, finding places they can
change literal language to figurative language.
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•During the share today, invite students to talk about what changes they have made to their writing and
any breakthroughs they have had as a writer.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk with students about how writers often choose to change the font size, color, and shape of some
words to make them stand out. Ask students to think about all the reasons authors do that. Show students
examples from the books below as your work through the three examples.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Pass out post-it notes, thinkmarks, or note cards. (or use the reader’s notebooks)
•Ask students to write down any places where the font changes in the books they are reading.
•Have them write those words down and their opinions as to why the author made those choices.
•Tell them to be ready to share at the end of the workshop today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Ask students to share what have written at the end of reading today.
Readers recognize when font size and shape changes so that they can analyze
how the changes add to the meaning of the story.
Words with different fonts: How the changes add to meaning:
Gone with
The Wand
The Duchess
Of Whimsy
The Orphan
A Cinderella
Story from
Greece
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Tell students that today they are going to think about any words or phrases they might want to make a
different size, shape, or color than the rest of their writing. Ask them to think about why they might want
to make those changes.
•Model this by showing students your own writing where you made changes in the font of some words.
•During independent writing today, have students find places where they would want to make changes to
the font. Have them reread their work carefully as they think about making changes. They can also make
any other revising changes that they feel necessary.
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•During the share today, invite students to talk about what changes they have made to their writing and
any breakthroughs they have had as a writer.
Writers create different font sizes and shapes in a traditional literature story
so that the changes can add to the meaning of the story.
Share your how you changed font size, shape, and/or color in your own
rough draft.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk with students about how some traditional literature stories often repeat the same word or phrase
over and over again. Ask them why they think authors choose to use this writing strategy with traditional
literature stories.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Pass out post-it notes, thinkmarks, or note cards. (or use the reader’s notebooks)
•Students may not have any repeated language in the traditional literature books they are reading
independently.
•If they find any, have them write it down and explain why they think the author chose to repeat
language.
•Otherwise, students can write down what they were thinking as they were reading today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Ask students to share what have written at the end of reading today.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk to students about some of the common language found in traditional literature.
•Make a class list of all the words or phrases that students can think of.
•Invite students to look for places in their writing where they can add some of this language.
•As students go back to work at their desks, use the writing conference observation form to monitor
student understanding of the mini-lesson strategy as you conference.
•During the share today, invite students to talk about what changes they have made to their writing and
any breakthroughs they have had as a writer.
Writers add common language found in traditional literature to their own writing so
that their writing can be easily identified as a traditional literature piece.
Common words and phrases in traditional literature:
Model adding common language by adding some phrases to your own writing.
Examples include, “Once upon a time,” and “They all lived happily ever after.”
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•You have talked about learning a moral lesson earlier in this unit. But today, focus on whether or not that
moral lesson is something students should apply to their own lives by analyzing the three examples of
read-alouds on the class chart.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Pass out post-it notes, thinkmarks, or note cards. (or use the reader’s notebooks)
•Ask students to evaluate the moral lessons taught in the traditional literature books they are
reading independently.
•Ask them to write whether or not they plan to take the advice from the story and apply it to their
own lives.
•Tell them to be ready to share at the end of the workshop today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Ask students to share what have written at the end of reading today.
Readers consider whether the moral lesson in a traditional literature piece was
worthwhile so that they can decide whether to apply it to their own lives or not.
Moral Lesson Worth Applying to Our Lives?
Tico and the Golden
Wings
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Today students will peer-revise with a partner. You may have time for them to do two rounds of revising.
•Remind students of all the things you have learned as writers so far. Ask them to think about those things
and look for them in others’ writing while they are reading stories today.
•You may want to pick a student to practice a peer-revision with. This way students can see what your
expectations are for their revision work today.
•As students work together, monitor the room and help out as needed.
•During the share, have students share with a partner how their writing has improved through others
advice. Call on some volunteers to share with the class.
Writers share their work with others so that they can make sure their message is
easily understood.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Talk with students about how readers often ask themselves questions before, during, and after reading.
•They also try to answer their own questions as they continue to read and think about the text.
•Work through the second example by sharing your ideas and calling on some students to share as well.
•Ask students to turn-and-talk about their ideas for the third example, and call on some to share. Add
their thoughts to the chart.
•Pass out post-it notes, thinkmarks, or note cards. (or use the reader’s notebooks)
•Ask students to write down any questions they had while reading today.
•Ask them to try and answer their own questions and write those answer down as well.
•Tell them to be ready to share at the end of the workshop today.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Ask students to share what have written at the end of reading today.
Readers ask and answer questions about what they are wondering during
reading so that they can develop a deeper understanding of the story.
Question Answer
The Ugly Duckling
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Today is review day of everything the students have learned about the writing process so far. They will
be working on publishing their final copies. They may be working in the computer lab or writing them by
hand. Either way, today is meant as a review.
•Spend some time going over what students have learned so far about writing.
•This is a great reflective lesson and it tells you what specific skills students really have under control and
which skills may need to be taught again.
•Give each student a post-it note. Have them make a list of all the things they have learned as a writer
over the last month. (They may need more than one post-it!)
•Once students are finished, ask each of them to share what they have written and post it on the class
chart. The act of getting up and posting their thoughts on a class chart really gives the students a sense
of ownership, seeing themselves as real writers and learners.
•Students will be publishing their work today. Support them as needed and spend some time reflecting
yourself. Set some new goals for the next month of writer’s workshop. Decide what genre you would like
students to write in. Ask yourself, how is it going?
Writers think about everything they know when they are writing their final drafts so
that they can publish their best work.
What we Have Learned so Far as Writers
Have students place their post-it notes on the chart. Use this chart later to take notes on
which students have taken ownership of specific writing strategies and which need
additional support.
•Have students copy or paste the mini-lesson statement and the date into the ‘ML’ portion of their
notebooks.
•Have a class discussion about all the things students have learned as readers during this unit. Talk about
how these strategies can be used when reading other genres as well.
•Have students make their own personal lists of all the things they have learned as readers. You can
collect this list and use it as an ongoing assessment of what your students have learned and what still
needs to be taught.
•Have students work on their lists during reading time today. If time, they can read independently, thinking
about all the strategies they know how to do as readers now.
•As students work independently today, use the reading workshop conference form to monitor student
understanding of today’s mini-lesson strategy as you conference with individual students. Be sure to note
any concerns you may need to address in future mini-lessons or guided reading groups.
•Ask students to share what have written at the end of reading today.
Chart for mini-lesson
Readers think about everything they have learned while reading traditional
literature stories so that they can reflect on why this genre is important.
Have a class discussion about all the things students have learned in this unit
as readers
Name _____________________________________
Completed Genre Title What I learned
on…
Week of:___________________________________
*put an X by the day of conference JR(just right book), C (challenging), E (easy)
Student M T W th F Book Title: JRC Mastered skills… Beginning skills…
E
Reading Responses
Gathering Seeds
Mini-Lessons
Mini-Lessons
Reading Log
Word Work
Title: Author:
What makes this book great: What makes this book great:
Readers understand the different types of traditional literature so that they can identify
characteristics of each type.
Writers make lists of traditional literature stories they have heard before so that they can gather
ideas from those stories to use in their own writing.
Readers notice patterns in traditional literature so that they can identify those patterns in the
traditional literature they are reading.
Writers consider the common patterns found in traditional literature so that they can create ideas
that follow those patterns.
Readers identify the heroes in traditional literature stories so that they can identify traits that
make those characters heroes.
Writers develop heroes for their traditional literature story so that they can create strong
characters for their story.
Readers identify the villains in traditional literature stories so that they can identify traits that
make those characters villains.
Writers develop villains for their traditional literature story so that they can create strong
characters for their story.
Readers identify the main problem and solution in traditional literature stories so that they can
evaluate how entertaining the story was.
Writers create a main problem and solution for their traditional literature story so that they can
develop an entertaining story for their readers.
Writers create a moral lesson to include in their traditional literature story so that they can teach
their readers something they can apply to their own lives.
Readers identify the main events in a traditional literature story so that they can think about how
the order of events makes the story easy to understand.
Writers brainstorm events for the beginning, middle, and end of their traditional literature story
so that they develop a clear story that is easy for their readers to understand.
Readers recognize when good triumphs evil in traditional literature so that they can discuss their
opinions about the events in the story.
Writers create events in their traditional literature story that build tension so that they can lead up
to when good triumphs evil.
Readers identify elements of magic in traditional literature so that they can discuss how magic
adds to the enjoyment of the story.
Writers create elements of magic in their traditional literature stories so that they can entertain
their readers.
Readers compare the endings of different traditional literature stories so that they can notice
things that are the same and different.
Writers revise their ending so that it is very predictable based on the events in their traditional
literature story.
Readers notice when language is repeated in traditional literature so that they can predict what
will happen next.
Writers choose a few lines to repeat throughout their traditional literature story so that they can
help their readers predict what will happen next.
Writers ask themselves questions as they are writing so that they can be sure their story will
make sense to their readers.
Readers make connections between different traditional literature stories that have the same
theme so that they can compare how the stories are alike and different.
Writers change words or phrases so that they can make their writing more interesting for their
readers.
Readers identify key events in a traditional literature story so that they can determine what is
necessary in understanding the story.
Writers add or remove information in traditional literature so that their readers can better
understand what the story is about.
Readers identify figurative language in traditional literature so that they can describe how it
helps make the story more entertaining.
Writers add figurative language to their traditional literature stories so that their writing is more
entertaining for their readers.
Readers recognize when font size and shape changes so that they can analyze how the changes
add to the meaning of the story.
Writers create different font sizes and shapes in a traditional literature story so that the changes
can add to the meaning of the story.
Readers recognize common language found in traditional literature so that they can appreciate
its value to the story.
Writers add common language found in traditional literature to their own writing so that their
writing will be easily identified as a traditional literature piece.
Writers share their work with others so that they can make sure their message is easily
understood.
Readers ask and answer questions about what they are wondering during reading so that they
can develop a deeper understanding of the story.
Writers think about everything they know about grammar and conventions when they are
writing their final drafts so that they can publish their best work.
Readers think about everything they have learned while reading traditional literature stories so
that they can reflect on why this genre is important.
Writers keep a record of their published pieces and what they have learned as writers so that
they can remember all the great writing strategies when they move on to another piece.
Anderson, J. 2005. Mechanically Inclined: Building Grammar, Usage, and Style into Writer’s
Workshop. Portland, ME: Stenhouse Publishers.
Buckner, A. 2005. Notebook Know-How: Strategies for the Writer’s Workshop. Portland, ME:
Stenhouse Publishers.
Pinnell, G.S., and I.C. Fountas. 2001. Guiding Readers and Writers (Grades 3-6): Teaching,
Comprehension, Genre, and Content Literacy. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Pinnell, G.S., and I.C. Fountas. 2006. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency: Thinking,
Talking, and Writing About Reading, K-8. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.