Sexual Dysfunction

Group 7
Laddaran, Clarisse
Macababbad, Nicole
Pascua, Eva Sherlene
Torio, Jhulleine
Tounsi, Maram
Tutaan, Reymar
 Overview
A B C
Introduction to Factors of Sexual Types of Sexual
Sexual Dysfunction Dysfunction Dysfunction
Introduction
Sexual health is a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-
being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease,
dysfunction or infirmity. Sexual health requires a positive and respectful
approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility
of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion,
discrimination and violence.

World Health Organization (2006)

 What is sexual dysfunction?
Sexual dysfunction, also known as “sexual disorder” or “sexual
difficulties,” is a specific sexual issue that emerges persistently, and
creates distress affecting the individual or the relationship.

It is also important to keep in mind that the absence of sexual

dysfunction does not necessarily mean that someone is sexually
healthy and satisfied.

It is a problem that occurs in any of the phases of the sexual response

cycle. It prevents one or both partners from attaining sexual satisfaction
during intercourse.
 Sexual Repsonse Cycle
Sexual Response Cycle is a four-stage model devised by William
Masters and Virginia Johnson which refers to one’s physiological
response to sexual stimulation.

Excitation Plateau

4 phases

Resolution Orgasm
 Who are affected by sexual
dysfunction?
A sexual dysfunction can affect anyone, regardless of their sexual
orientation, gender identity, or specific sexual practices.
According to Rosen (2000), women tend to have a higher risk in
experiencing sexual dysfunctions rather than men having 43% in
statistics, while 31% on the latter.
Men with sexual dysfunctions
31%

Women with sexual dysfunction

43%

Women without sexual dysfunction

57%

Men without sexual dysfunctions

69%
Factors of Sexual
Dysfunction
Three factors of sexual
dysfunction

Biological

These are also called the

Psychological
biopsychosocial factors

Social
 What are biological factors
contributing to sexual problems?

Natural aging Chronic Physical Sexually Drugs

process illnesses disabilities Transmitted
Infections
Natural Aging Process

As we get older, most of us will experience a decrease in sexual

functioning because our bodies and hormone levels change.

In addition, the older we get, the more likely we are to develop chronic
illnesses.
Chronic Illnesses
There are various illnesses negatively affecting human physiology.
These are some of the chronic illnesses:

Diabetes causes erectile dysfunction in males and it restricts

blood flow to the clitoris and vagina in females.

Surgical treatments for cancer involving the breast, penis, and

testicles changes the body and the biology of an individual. For
instance, treatment for prostate cancer often causes erectile
and ejaculatory dysfunction in males.
Physical disabilities
Physical disabilities such as spinal cord injuries also cause erectile and
ejaculatory difficulties for males, and difficulty in reaching orgasm in
females.

Although permanent, these disabilities do not

make it impossible for an individual to have a
satisfying sex life nor diminish their sexual desires.
Sexually Transmitted Infections
(STIs)
For women, STIs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, can potentially
cause pelvic inflammatory disease, a condition making intercourse
more painful and less enjoyable.
Drugs

Drugs, both prescription and non-prescription, have a negative impact

on sexual health. These effects are due to the side effects of it.

For instance, antidepressants tend to delay the

orgasm in both men and women due to the
inhibition of a certain hormone.
 What are psychological factors
contributing to sexual problems?
Distraction Mental illness

Previous learning Body image

experiences

Beliefs about
sexual difficulties
 Distraction
Distraction often takes the form of spectatoring,
which involves over-thinking or over-analyzing one’s
own sexual performance while having sex. Doing so
reduces arousal and likelihood of reaching orgasm.

Previous learning
experiences
Past learning experiences, such as traumatic sexual
Beliefs
events, influence our sexual functioning.

about
sexual difficulties
Our beliefs about topics related to sex sometimes
lead to sexual difficulties.
Mental ilness
Regardless whether one is taking medication or not,
mental illness is still linked to sexual dysfunction.
Its effects on individuals vary depending on the
specific illness they have.

Body image
The perception of one's own body contributes to
sexual problems. Many men and women are not
satisfied with the size of their chest and genitals.
This poor body image makes them avoid sexual
activity.
 What are social factors
contributing to sexual problems?
Ineffective
Partner’s view on sex
communication

Relationship problems Culture and religion

Ineffective Communication
If a couple fails to communicate what satisfies them or what they like in
sex, it will result in their sex life being unsatisfactory due to the inability
to maintain arousal and reach orgasm.
Relationship problems
Unresolved conflicts within a relationship induce emotions, such as
anger, that reduces their desire for sexual activity with each other.

If left unchecked, it compounds into more problems which would then

be fed onto itself.
Partner’s view on sex
The way the partners in a relationship view sex can affect partners’
performance and satisfaction.

Some people get anxious or pressured, while others get reduced

enjoyment from it.
Culture and religion
These are social factors that often dictate individuals what is
appropriate to do when it comes to sexual topics.

As a consequence, individuals significantly influenced by cultural and

religious factors often desire sex less.
Dual Control Model
Dual control model is a theory that attempts to integrate the
biopsychosocial factors. According to this model, our sexual arousal
and behavior are determined by two brain mechanisms.

Inhibitory system
Excitatory system Suppresses sexual arousal
Promotes sexual arousal and activity; necessary in
and activity; necessary in controlling impulses to
reproduction. have sex with friends’
romantic partners.

Note: the brain division does not reflect the actual regions involved
in the mechanisms. The figure is solely for graphic purposes.
Types of Sexual
Dysfunction
DESIRE PROBLEMS AROUSAL PROBLEMS

4 types of sexual
al dysfunction

ORGASM PROBLEMS PAIN DISORDERS

It is important to note that sexual problems can be identified either as a
primary/lifelong dysfunction, a dysfunction an individual has for their
entire life, or as a secondary/acquired dysfunction, a dysfunction that
suddenly appeared after a period of healthy sexual functioning.

It can also be identified as a situational dysfunction, occurring only on

one partner or a single sexual activity, or a global/general dysfunction,
occurring with all partners and sexual acts.
Desire problems
Sexual desire disorder, or Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD), are
problems that involve a lack or absence of sexual drive.

HSDD can either be general or situational. It can also either be acquired

or lifelong.

General HSDD pertains to general lack of sexual desire while situational

HSDD refers to lack of sexual desire for a specific partner.

Acquired HSDD refers to lack of desire after a period of normal sexual

functioning while lifelong HSDD refers to the lack of sexual desire that
has always been existing ever since.
Desire problems
There are two sub-types of HSDD.
Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder (FSIAD): In females, HSDD
typically occurs alongside the lack of sexual arousal—meaning that
they neither have sexual interest nor response to sexual stimuli.
Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (MHSDD): In males, HSDD
can occur independently of sexual arousal—meaning that they may
lack sexual desire but still have the ability or potential to be aroused
and get an erection.
In cases where one partner has less sexual desire than the other and it
generates relationship difficulties, this is said to be a sexual desire
discrepancy.
Desire problems
Another desire difficulty is sexual aversion disorder, which refers to an
aversion to any type of partnered sexual activity.

Compulsive sexual behavior, also known as hypersexuality, refers to

cases where people have “excessive” sexual desire and engage in very
high amounts of sexual behavior.

Excessive sexual desire for men is called satyriasis.

Excessive sexual desire for women is called nymphomania.

Arousal problems
Sexual arousal disorders affect a person's capacity to respond to
sexual stimuli like touch or sensual ideas.

It results in the absence of a physical response regardless of how you

feel.

There are two categories for sexual arousal problems.

Problems becoming or staying aroused

Problems with persistent and uncontrollable arousal

Arousal problems
Persistent genital arousal disorder, or restless genital syndrome, refers
to uncontrollable arousal for women that occurs spontaneously, without
being preceded by sexual desire or activity.

In females, the lack of sexual arousal is typically regarded as a facet of

FSIAD, manifesting with symptoms such as:

Lack of vaginal lubrication

Lack of vaginal dilation (widening)

Decreased genital tumescence (swelling)

Decreased genital or nipple sensation

Arousal problems
For men, a disorder in which the penis maintains a prolonged erection in
the absence of sexual stimulation is called priapism.

In contrast, erectile dysfunction/disorder (ED), or impotence, refers to

the persistent inability of males to achieve or sustain an erection
suitable for sex. It is one of the most common sexual dysfunctions for
men.
Orgasm problems
Basically, there are two types of orgasm problems.

Finishing too quickly

Not finishing at all

Although orgasm problems occur in both men and women, men are
likely to have the problem of finishing too soon while women are more
likely to have the problem of never reaching orgasm during sex.
Orgasm problems
Premature orgasm, or premature/early ejaculation in men, occurs
when an individual reaches orgasm before the moment when it is
desired.

Delayed ejaculation occurs when ejaculation is significantly delayed or

frequently absent (anejaculation) during sexual intercourse, but
otherwise normal during masturbation.

Post-orgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) refers to debilitating pain, flu-

like, or allergy symptoms immediately following an orgasm that usually
affects males.
Orgasm problems
Orgasmic disorder, also known as anorgasmia, refers to either the
absence (at least 75% of the time) or greatly delayed orgasm for
women.

Post-coital dysphoria (PCD), or post-coital tristesse (PCT), refers to the

feelings of extreme melancholy or anxiety after orgasm often affecting
females.
Pain problems
Sexual pain disorders are typically physical problems that can make
sex too painful to endure or enjoy.

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPD) is when women

experience pain before or during vaginal intercourse, or when vaginal
penetration is difficult.

Dyspareunia referred to a painful sexual intercourse caused by any

wide-ranging medical conditions.

Vaginismus referred to a condition in which the lower third of vagina

involuntarily and severely contracts during any attempt at vaginal
penetration.

Vestibulodynia is a chronic pain disorder of unknown origin affecting

the opening of the vagina and the inner lips of the vulva during sex.
Pain problems
In men, there are two main forms of sexual pain.

Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin of an uncircumcised

penis constricts itself and makes erections painful.

Peyronie’s disease refers to a condition that results in severe

curvature of penis due to build-up of scar tissues, making it difficult
and painful during sex.

Male dysorgasmia, also known as painful ejaculation, can be caused

by many factors affecting the genital. It can be short-lived due to a
urinary infection or a persistent chronic condition.
 References
Book: Ch. 12, Psychology of Human Sexuality by Justin J. Lehmiller

Websites:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-
abnormalpsych/chapter/sexual-dysfunction-disorders/

https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/sex-pleasure-and-sexual-
dysfunction/sexual-dysfunction

https://www.healthline.com/health/what-sexual-dysfunction#pain-
and-discomfort

https://psychcentral.com/disorders/sex-overview
Thank you!