LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY
College of Arts and Sciences
Department of Behavioral Sciences and Humanities
UNDERSTANDING THE SELF
TASK/ACTIVITY
Name: Earl Juyze Castilla
TEST I. IDENTIFICATION. Identify what is being asked in each statement
below. Write your answers before each number.
Socrates 1. He believed that the most important thing in life is the
state of an individual’s soul.
Sigmund Freud 2. He proposed the existence of the unconscious.
David Hume 3. He asserted that “self” does not exist; instead, he
stressed that perceptions are only active for as long as an individual is
conscious.
John Locke 4. He claimed that human knowledge is derived from
experience.
St. Augustine 5. He believed that human being is both a soul and body.
Rene Descartes 6. He asserted that the soul is distinct from the body.
Plato 7. He believed that there are three parts of the soul, namely,
appetitive, rational, and spirited.
Gilbert Ryle 8. He believed that an individual’s actions define his/her
own concept of “self”.
Immanuel Kant 9. He believed that self is not in the body, and he
stressed that the body and its qualities are rooted to the self.
Paul Churchland 10. He viewed that the immaterial soul does not exist
because it cannot be experienced by the senses.
TEST II. MATCHING TYPE. Match the descriptions/concepts in Column A with
the philosophers/theorists in Column B. Write the letter before each
number.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
I 1. He is known for his
A. Augustine
Theory of Forms.
B. Churchland
C 2. He is famous for this
C. Descartes
phrase, “I Think, Therefore I Am.”
D. Freud
G 3. He proposed that
human mind at birth is a “tabula
E. Hume
rasa.” F. Kant
A 4. He claimed that the soul G. Locke
holds the Truth, which is capable H. Merleau-Ponty
of scientific thinking. I. Plato
H 5. He is known for his J. Ryle
belief on embodied subjectivity. K. Socrates
B 6. He was famous for his
idea on Eliminative Materialism.
J 7. He was known for this
phrase, “I act, Therefore I Am.”
D 8. He practiced
psychoanalysis in answering
questions about the human
psyche.
F 9. He proposed that
knowledge bridges the “self” and
the material things together.
E 10. He asserted that
rationalism is the foundation of all
knowledge.
TEST III. Enumeration. Enumerate the following needed below.
1. Enumerate the three (3) ideas of Socrates.
Soul is immortal
Care of the soul is the task of philosophy
Virtue is necessary to achieve happiness
2. Enumerate the three (3) parts of the soul according to Plato.
Appetitive
Rational
Spirited
3. Enumerate the three (3) aspects of the self/soul according to St.
Augustine.
it is able to be aware of itself
it recognizes itself as a holistic one
it is aware of its unity.
4. Enumerate two (2) distinctions of the soul to the body and two (2)
distinctions of the body to the soul as pointed by Descartes.
The soul is not made up of parts. It views the entire of itself with no
hidden or separate compartments. It is both conscious and aware of
itself at the same time. The body is made up of physical, quantifiable
divisible parts.
The Body is a material substance that changes through time. The soul
is a conscious thinking substance that is unaffected by time.
Test IV. ESSAY.
1. On your own words, do you believe that the human mind is a tabula rasa
which means that knowledge is derived from experiences? Why? (10 pts.)
Yes, I believe that knowledge is gained via experience. Experience places us
in situations that need us to evaluate them in order to generate responses
out of curiosity, which leads to knowledge. There is no learning without
experience, and there is no knowing without learning. As a result of our
experiences, we can now share our expertise with everyone around us.
2. Define and discuss Freud’s three (3) levels of the mind. (10 pts.)
The three levels of the mind that Freud stated are the Preconscious,
Conscious, and Unconscious. The preconscious can be thought of as a type
of gatekeeper between the conscious and unconscious aspects of the mind.
Only specific pieces of information are allowed to get through and into
conscious consciousness. The conscious mind includes everything you are
now aware of and thinking about. It is similar to short-term memory in that
it has a limited capacity. Your consciousness includes your awareness of
yourself and the environment around you. The unconscious mind is
characterized as a reservoir of feelings, ideas, desires, and memories that
exist independently of conscious consciousness. Even when people are
ignorant of these underlying factors, the unconscious continues to impact
their actions.
