Hierarchy of controls
• Elimination
The most effective way to control a risk, as the hazard is completely removed from
the workplace. Examples include removing chemicals that could irritate the skin, or
using a reach pole instead of working from heights.
• Substitution
Using a safer (safe) alternative to the source of the hazard. For example, replacing a
solvent-based paint with a water-based paint.
• Engineering controls
Physical controls that control the hazard at its source. Examples include installing
guards around moving machinery, or using mechanical devices to move heavy
loads.
• Administrative controls
Focuses on changing the way people work to reduce exposure to hazards. Examples
include implementing safety training programs, or rotating job assignments to
reduce exposure time.
• Personal protective equipment (PPE)
The least effective level of control.
Elimination and substitution are often best used during the design or development
stage of a work process, place, or tool.