Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)

Course Code: P22PED510

*********

CIE: 1 (Max Score = 25)

Assignment -1
Basketball
Name:_________________________
USN : _________________________
SEM: _________________________

Faculty In charge: Dr. Ananthapadmanabha Prabhu

Smt. Vidya R V

Remarks: Score: Sign:

INTRODUCTION:

The History of basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield,

Massachusetts by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a
less injury-prone sport than football. Naismith was a 31-year old graduate student
when he created the indoor sport to keep athletes indoors during the winters. The
game became established fairly quickly and grew very popular as the 20th
century progressed, first in America and then in other parts of the world. After
basketball became established in American colleges, the professional game
followed. The American National Basketball Association (NBA), established in
1946, grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the end of the century, and
basketball became an integral part of American culture.

Invention of the Game:

The game of basketball as it is known today was created by Dr. James

Naismith in December 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, to condition
young athletes
during cold months.
Naismith was a physical education instructor at YMCA International
Training School (now known as Springfield College) in Springfield,
Massachusetts.
 Upon the request of his boss, Naismith was tasked to create an indoor
sports game to help athletes keep in shape in cold weather.
It consisted of peach baskets and a soccer style ball.
He published 13 rules for the new game. He divided his class of eighteen
into two teams of nine players each and set about to teach them the basics
of his new game.
The objective of the game was to throw the basketball into the fruit baskets
nailed to the lower railing of the gym balcony.
Every time a point was scored, the game was halted so the janitor could
bring out a ladder and retrieve the ball. After a while, the bottoms of the
fruit baskets were removed.
The first public basketball game was played in Springfield, Massachusetts,
on March 11, 1892.
A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from grounds into
the basket and stays there. If the ball rests on the edge and the opponent
moves the basket it shall count as a goal.
When the ball goes out of bounds it shall be thrown into the field and
played by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall
throw it straight into the field. The "thrower-in" is allowed five seconds. If
he holds it longer it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in
delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them.
The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls, and
notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made.
The referee shall be the judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is
in play, inbounds, and to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He
shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals with
any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
The time shall be fifteen-minute halves, with five-minute rests between.
The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In
the case of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains, be
continued until another goal is made.

THE FIRST BASKETBALL GAME:

On December 21, 1891, Naismith published rules for a new game using five
basic ideas and thirteen rules.
 That day, he asked his class to play a match in the Armory Street court: 9
versus 9, using a soccer ball and two peach baskets. Frank Mahan, one of his
students, wasn't so happy. He just said: "Harrumph. Another new game".
Someone proposed to call it "Naismith Game", but he suggested "We have a
ball and a basket: why don’t we call it basketball?" The eighteen players
were John G. Thompson, Eugene S. Libby, Edwin P. Ruggles, William R.
Chase, T. Duncan Patton, Frank Mahan, Finlay G. MacDonald, William H.
Davis and Lyman Archibald, who defeated George Weller, Wilbert Carey,
Ernest Hildner, Raymond Kaighn, Genzabaro Ishikawa, Benjamin S. French,
Franklin Barnes, George Day and Henry Gelan 1–0. The goal was scored by
Chase.
There were other differences between Naismith's first idea and the game
played today.
The peach baskets were closed, and balls had to be retrieved manually, until
a small hole was put in the bottom of the peach basket to poke the ball out
using a stick.
Only in 1906 were metal hoops, nets and backboards introduced. In 1894 the
soccer ball was replaced by a ball Naismith contracted Spalding to make.

TERMINOLOGIES IN THE GAME:

Air ball: A shot that misses the rim or backboard.

Alive: Offensive player who has the ball and has not dribbled.
Alternating Possession Rule: The possession arrow changes direction after
each subsequent jump ball or held ball situation, alternating which team gets
possession for the throw-in. The first possession after a held ball goes to the
team who lost the opening jump ball to begin the game.
Assist: A pass to a teammate that results in a made basket.
Backboard: The flat surface directly behind the basket. The basket is
connected to the backboard.
Backdoor: An offensive move where a player cuts behind the defenders and
receives a pass for a field-goal attempt.
Ball Handler: The player with the ball. Usually the guard at the start of the
play.
Bank Shot: A shot where the ball is first bounced or banked off the
backboard at such an angle that it then drops into the basket.
Basket: Consists of the rim and the net, also known a ‘the hoop’.
Basketball: A round ball made of rubber, leather or synthetic leather. Comes
in 3 different sizes (size 5, 6 or 7).
Blind Pass: A pass from a ball handler who does not see their receiver but is
estimating where they should be.
Blocked Shot: The successful deflection of a shot by touching part of the
ball on its way to the basket, and preventing a field goal.
Blocking: The use of a defender’s body position to legally prevent an
opponent’s advance. It is the opposite of charging.
Boards: The backboard which the ring or basket is attached or slang for a
‘rebound’ – the act of a player grabbing the ball after a missed shot attempt.
Boxing out: The defensive player turns and faces the basket following a shot
and with his or her back to the opponent, and ensures that the player being
guarded can’t ‘rebound’ the ball.
Charging: An offensive foul, which occurs when an offensive player runs
into a defender who has established position.
Court vision: A player’s ability to see everything on the court during play.
Crossover dribble: When a ball handler dribbles the ball across their body
from one hand to the other.
Cut: A quick movement by an offensive player without the ball to gain an
advantage over the defense usually directed towards the basket.
Dead: Offensive player has the ball and has already used their dribble. They
must now either pass or shot the ball.
Dead Ball: Any player with the ball that is not ‘live’. This occurs after each
successful field goal, free-throw attempt, after any official’s whistle or if the
ball leaves the court, then play is stopped.
Defense: The act of preventing the offense from scoring. Defense is the team
without the ball.
Down court: The direction a team on offense moves, from its backcourt to
its frontcourt and towards its own basket.
Double Dribble: The act of dribbling the ball, stopping the dribble or motion
of the ball and beginning to dribble again. Results in a violation and
turnover.
Downtown: Referred to as a shot that was considered to distant for the
normal shooter to take or in the ‘3-point’ area.
Dribble: The act of bouncing the ball up and down. The offensive player
with the ball uses the dribble to move the ball around the court.
Drive: The movement of an offensive player while aggressively dribbling
towards the basket in an attempt to score.
Dunk: A shot in which a jumping player slams the ball down into the
opponent’s basket from above.
Established Position: When a defensive player has both feet firmly planted
on the floor before an offensive player’s head and shoulder gets past them.
The offensive player who runs into such a defender is charging.
Exhibition Game: The act of playing another team and the outcome not
being counted in any league standings.
Fake: A movement made with the aim of deceiving an opponent. This can be
done with either a pass or a shot fake.
Fast break: The act of moving the ball quickly down court by an offensive
team in hopes of getting ahead of the defense to score.
Feed: To pass the ball to a teammate who is in a scoring position.
Field Goal: When the ball enters the basket from above the rim during play.
It is worth two points.
Flagrant Foul: This is unnecessary or excessive contact against an opponent.
Floor: The area of the court within the end lines and the sidelines.
Floor Violation: A player’s action that violates rules but does not prevent an
opponent’s movement (traveling, double dribble, etc.). They are penalized
by a loss in possession.
Foul: Actions by players, which break the rules but are not floor violations.
They are penalized by a change in possession or free throw opportunities.
Fouled Out: A player having to leave the game because they have committed
five fouls.
Foul Shot or Free Throw: An unguarded shot taken from the foul line by a
player whose opponent committed a personal or technical foul, which is
worth one point.
Free Ball: A ball, which is in play but is not in the possession of either team,
also called a ‘loose ball’.
Free Throw: The act of shooting the ball from the marked free throw line
(ranging 10-15 feet from the basket) while the remaining players line up
down the ‘key’. Shot is taken at the result of a foul or technical foul being
called.
Give and Go: An offensive play in which a player passes the ball to a
teammate and cuts towards the basket for a return pass to score.
Goaltending: Interference with a shot by touching the ball or basket while
the ball is on, over, or within the rim. Also touching the ball on its
downward flight to the basket before it hits the rim.
Guarding: The act of following an opponent around the court to prevent
them from getting close to the basket, taking an open short or making easy
passes.
Half time: The rest period between two halves of the game. Usually 5
minutes in length.
Hand checking: Illegal use of hands, usually on the back or hips of the
offensive player.
High percentage shot: A shot that is likely to go in the basket, typically
taken near the hoop.
High post: A player who is stationed in or near the free throw semicircle on
offense.
Hoop: The basketball rim and backboard players shoot the ball towards in
attempt to score points. Also referred to as the ‘basket’.
In the Paint: Being in the large rectangle area under each basket or the foul
lane area, which is painted a different color. AKA ‘the key’.
Inbounds: The area within the end lines and sidelines of the court.
Incidental Contact: Minor contact usually overlooked by officials which
does not give the opposing team an unfair advantage or affect the outcome
of the game.
Inside Shooting: Shots taken by a player near or under the basket.
Jump shot: Field-goal attempt by a player with both feet off the floor,
enabling the player to shoot over the defender.
Lay-up or Lay in: A shot taken after driving to the basket by leaping up
under the basket and using one hand to shoot the ball off the backboard.
Loose Ball: A ball that is alive but not in the possession of either team.
Lower Percentage shot: A shot that is less likely to go in the basket, usually
taken further away from the hoop.
Match-ups: Any pairing of players on opposing teams who guard each other.
Outlet Pass: The first pass made after a defensive rebound to a teammate to
start a fast break.
Outside Shooting: Shots taken from the perimeter, further away from the
hoop.
Pass: When a player throws the ball to a teammate to advance the ball during
a possession.
Personal Foul: Contact between players, which may result in excessive
physical contact or provide one team with an unfair advantage. Players may
not push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an opponent. These
are also counted as team fouls.
Pivot: A center, also the foot that must remain touching the floor until a ball
handler who has stopped dribbling is ready to pass or shoot.
Possession: To be holding or in control of the ball.
Post Position: The position of a player standing in the low post or high post
in the ‘key’ area near the hoop.
Rebound: A term used to describe the actual retrieving of the ball as it
rebounds from the backboard or the ring after a missed shot.
Receiver: The player who receives a pass from the ball handler.
Referee: The person(s) assigned to the game to maintain the flow and
integrity of the game.
Sag: When a defender moves away from their opponent toward the basket
they are defending.
Scrimmage: Practice play between squads of one team.
Shooter: A player who takes a shot at the basket in attempts to score.
Shooter’s roll: This is the ability to get even an inaccurate shot to bounce
lightly off the rim and into the basket.
Shooting Range: The distance from which a player is likely to make their
shots.
Squaring up: When a player’s shoulders are facing the basket as they release
the ball for a shot. This is considered good shooting position.
Steal: To take the ball away from an opponent.
Strong Side/Weak Side: Whichever side of the key that the ball is on when
on offense is called the strong side. The other side is the weak side. If the
ball changes sides, the weak side is now the strong side.
Substitute: A player who comes into the game to replace a player on the
court.
Switch: Two defensive players change checks during live play.
Technical Foul: A special violation called at the discretion of the referee
towards players, coaches or the team. Infractions include an intentional or
flagrant contact foul, unsportsmanlike conduct or other actions detrimental
to the spirit of the game.
Throw-in: The method by which a team with possession inbounds the ball.
 Time-out: A period of sixty seconds during which the play is stopped and
teams discuss strategy and a moment to allow players to rest.
Tip-off: The initial jump ball that starts the game.
Trailer: An offensive player that follows behind the ball-handler.
Violation: An infringement of the rules, which does not involve contact. The
opposing team is awarded the ball for a throw-in from out of bounds.

BASKETBALL BASIC DRILL:

Dribbling: -

Improving your basketball skills is essential, regardless of whether

you’re maneuvering in a set offense or leading fast breaks. Strong ball-
handling abilities are always advantageous for basketball players. By
honing techniques like the crossover, behind-the-back dribble, and
spin dribble, you can keep your defender guessing and never certain of
your next move with the ball. Once you’ve befuddled your opponent, it
becomes more manageable to outmaneuver them with your proficient
dribbling. This is one of the fundamental Basketball Skills that every
basketball player should continuously hone.

Pistol Pete Maravich is renowned for his dribbling skills, as he was

known to dribble a basketball wherever he went. This practice greatly
contributed to his development of adept dribbling, both for entertaining
trick dribbles and practical maneuvers to outplay his opponents on the
court. It’s also crucial to emphasize practicing dribbling with your non-
dominant hand, as being proficient with both hands significantly increases
your defensive prowess.

Shooting: -

Ultimately, basketball revolves around putting points on the

scoreboard, and a squad lacking proficient shooters will face difficulties,
regardless of their prowess in other aspects of the game. In the
contemporary basketball landscape, the emphasis has shifted away from
midrange jump shots towards an increased focus on successful interior
scoring and three-point shooting. Even players traditionally associated
with the frontcourt are now being urged to cultivate a long-range shooting
ability. In addition to honing your fundamental skills, it’s essential to
dedicate practice time to less conventional shot types, such as
hook shots or fade-away jumpers, enabling you to score even when closely
defended. This is one of the fundamental Basketball Skills that every
basketball player should continuously hone.

Passing: -
To enhance your effectiveness as a basketball player and contribute
positively to your team, it is essential to focus on improving your passing
skills. Enhancing your passing ability allows you to identify open lanes
and deliver precise passes that can expand your offensive options. The
beauty of working on your passing game is that you can do it with just a
ball and a wall. Make sure to vary the types of passes you practice to add
versatility to your game. This is one of the fundamental Basketball Skills
that every basketball player should continuously hone.

Rebounding: -

A player who excels at securing rebounds can establish a successful career

primarily based on this skill. Training exercises such as the tip drill, in
which a player consistently leaps to retrieve the ball and promptly
reposition it off the backboard, instruct you on the importance of reaching
for rebounds at a high point and converting them into scoring
opportunities during offensive plays.

Defending:-
While offense may capture the spotlight, the significance of defense
cannot be understated. Cultivating quick hands to intercept dribbles and
establishing an imposing presence near the basket to discourage opponents
from driving can transform you into a formidable presence on the
basketball court. When your defensive abilities are honed to a high level,
they can also serve as a catalyst for swift counterattacks. This is one of the
the fundamental Basketball Skills that every basketball player should
continuously hone.

Foot Movement: -

While having sprinting skills can be advantageous, basketball stands out

from many other sports due to its distinct requirement for rapid lateral
movement. Engaging in wind sprints that incorporate side-shuffles can
assist in cultivating the essential side-to-side mobility necessary to
maintain defensive positioning against your opponent.

Jumping: -

Basketball revolves around achieving verticality, and an enhanced vertical

jump is advantageous for your performance on offense and defense. Focus
on enhancing your leg strength through activities such as squats and calf
raises. Squats aid in developing the explosive strength required to
outperform your opponents in jumping. This is one of the the fundamental
Basketball Skills that every basketball player should continuously hone.

Basketball Skills Learning: -

To truly enhance your basketball performance, it’s crucial to understand
that focusing solely on skill development is insufficient. While practice
and drilling are essential and should not be underestimated. It is vital to
make the most of your time away from the court by engaging in the right
activities. By amalgamating diligent off-court efforts with rigorous on-
court training, you can maximize your progress and achieve the most
significant improvement in your game.

 Create a Healthy Diet: There is a common adage that suggests an

army’s performance is closely tied to its food supply, and a
similar principle applies to a basketball team. Maintaining a well-
balanced and healthy diet is crucial for maximizing your
performance on the court. Consuming nutritious meals empowers
you to perform at your peak and utilize the skills you’ve
developed more efficiently.
 Build Your Cardio: As your skills improve, your coaches will
increasingly rely on your performance in every game. This
necessitates enhancing your cardiovascular fitness to match the
rising demand. When your cardiovascular system falters, it also
hampers your capacity to effectively utilize the hard-earned skills.
  Set Concrete Targets: Enhancing your basketball skills is best
achieved by pinpointing areas of weakness and establishing
specific, measurable goals for skill improvement. Employing
quantifiable benchmarks enables you to monitor your
advancement and make necessary adjustments when you
encounter stagnation in your skill development.
 Play in Small-Sided Games: Regardless of the level of talent
present on the basketball court, the limited number of balls
available makes it crucial to enhance your ability to both attack
and defend. To achieve this, one effective strategy is to reduce the
number of players on each team. Events such as Red Bull 3X
blend structured game play with the spontaneity of pick-up games,
resulting in an electrifying playing style. With just two additional
teammates, you’ll find yourself handling the ball more frequently
compared to a traditional 5-on-5 match.

History and Invention of Basketball

1. Who invented the game of basketball?

o A) Dr. John Naismith
o B) Dr. James Naismith
o C) Dr. William Naismith
o D) Dr. Charles Naismith
o Answer: B) Dr. James Naismith

2. In which year was basketball invented?

o A) 1881
o B) 1891
o C) 1901
o D) 1911
o Answer: B) 1891

3. Where was basketball first played?

o A) Boston, Massachusetts
o B) Springfield, Massachusetts
o C) New York, New York
o D) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
o Answer: B) Springfield, Massachusetts
 4. What was used as the first basketball hoop?
o A) Metal rings
o B) Wooden planks
o C) Peach baskets
o D) Plastic baskets
o Answer: C) Peach baskets

5. When was the first public basketball game played?

o A) March 11, 1892
o B) December 21, 1891
o C) January 15, 1893
o D) April 10, 1892
o Answer: A) March 11, 1892

6. What replaced soccer balls in basketball in 1894?

o A) Tennis balls
o B) A specially designed basketball
o C) Volleyballs
o D) Baseballs
o Answer: B) A specially designed basketball

Basic Basketball Rules and Terminology

7. What is an "Air Ball"?

o A) A shot that hits the backboard only
o B) A shot that misses the rim and backboard
o C) A shot that touches the rim but does not go in
o D) A shot blocked by a defender
o Answer: B) A shot that misses the rim and backboard

8. What does "Double Dribble" result in?

o A) A foul
o B) A free throw
o C) A turnover
o D) A jump ball
o Answer: C) A turnover

9. What is "Boxing Out"?

o A) Blocking a player from moving
o B) Preventing an opponent from getting a rebound
o C) Deflecting a pass
o D) Jumping for a rebound
o Answer: B) Preventing an opponent from getting a rebound

10. What is the duration of each half in the original rules of basketball?
o A) 10 minutes
o B) 15 minutes
o C) 20 minutes
 o D) 30 minutes
o Answer: B) 15 minutes

Basketball Fundamentals

11. Which skill focuses on bouncing the ball while moving?

o A) Passing
o B) Shooting
o C) Dribbling
o D) Rebounding
o Answer: C) Dribbling

12. What is a "Dunk"?

o A) Passing the ball while in motion
o B) A jump shot from the three-point line
o C) Slamming the ball into the basket from above
o D) Blocking an opponent’s shot
o Answer: C) Slamming the ball into the basket from above

13. What does "Rebounding" refer to?

o A) Dribbling the ball under pressure
o B) Deflecting the ball to another player
o C) Retrieving the ball after a missed shot
o D) Passing the ball quickly
o Answer: C) Retrieving the ball after a missed shot

14. Which drill involves repeatedly leaping to retrieve the ball off the backboard?
o A) Crossover drill
o B) Tip drill
o C) Jump drill
o D) Layup drill
o Answer: B) Tip drill

15. What is a "High Percentage Shot"?

o A) A shot taken from the three-point line
o B) A shot likely to score, taken near the basket
o C) A shot taken during a fast break
o D) A shot that misses the backboard
o Answer: B) A shot likely to score, taken near the basket

Miscellaneous

16. What does "Fast Break" refer to?

o A) Quickly passing the ball across the court
o B) Moving the ball down the court to score before the defense is set
o C) Playing a quick exhibition game
 o D) Practicing dribbling under pressure
o Answer: B) Moving the ball down the court to score before the defense is set

17. What is a "Technical Foul"?

o A) A foul involving illegal physical contact
o B) A violation for delaying the game
o C) A foul for unsportsmanlike conduct or rule infraction
o D) A foul for stepping out of bounds
o Answer: C) A foul for unsportsmanlike conduct or rule infraction

18. What is "Court Vision"?

o A) The ability to see everything happening on the court
o B) A defensive technique to block shots
o C) A strategy to pass the ball
o D) A referee's decision-making ability
o Answer: A) The ability to see everything happening on the court

19. Who is known for their exceptional dribbling skills, carrying the ball wherever they
went?
o A) Magic Johnson
o B) Pistol Pete Maravich
o C) Michael Jordan
o D) Larry Bird
o Answer: B) Pistol Pete Maravich

20. What is "Squaring Up"?

o A) Preparing for a defensive stance
o B) Positioning shoulders to face the basket for a shot
o C) A quick offensive move
o D) Aligning with the defender
o Answer: B) Positioning shoulders to face the basket for a shot