SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
wastes
Waste is any material that is unwanted, unusable,
or discarded after its primary use.
Types of wastes:
• Solid waste
• Liquid waste
• Gaseous waste
• Animals by products
• Biodegradable wastes
• Chemical wastes
• Biomedical wastes
• Domestic hazardous wastes
SOLID WASTES
Solid wastes are any non-liquid, non-soluble materials
or wastes that is discarded after use.
Classification of Solid Wastes
1. Based on place of generation – Institutional waste
Industrial waste
Domestic waste etc.
2. Based on the contents of the waste - Glass waste
Metal waste
Plastic waste
Organic waste etc.
3. Based on the potential risk – Infectious waste
Toxic waste
Inflammable waste etc.
SOURCES OF WASTE
1. Household waste
▪ Generated from everyday activities in residential homes.
▪ Ex: Food scraps, Paper plastics, Glass, metal cans, Textiles and garden
wastes
2. Industrial wastes
▪ Produced by manufacturing and industrial processes.
▪ Ex: Scrap metals, packaging materials, chemicals and by-products from
production.
3. Commercial wastes
▪ Produced by businesses, retail establishments and offices.
▪ Ex: Cardboards, paper, food waste, and packaging materials.
4. Construction and Demolition waste
• Generated during the construction, renovation, and demolition of
buildings and infrastructure.
• Ex: Concrete, bricks, glass, metal
5. Agricultural waste
• Comes from farming activities, including crop production and livestock.
• Ex: Crop residues, straw, animal waste and pesticide containers.
6. Municipal solid waste
• Waste collected from urban areas, typically consisting of residential,
commercial and public waste.
• Ex: Food wastes, textiles and garden wastes.
7. Electronic waste (E – waste)
• Resulting from discarded electricals or electronic devices such as
computers, smartphones, batteries and other electronic gadgets.
8. Biomedical waste
• Produced in healthcare settings, such as hospitals, clinics, and
laboratories.
9. Mining wastes
• Produced during the extraction and processing of minerals.
10. Hazardous waste
• Contains toxic, reactive, or dangerous materials that require special
handling such as pesticides, and batteries.
Solid Waste Management Method
❑ The collecting, treating, and disposing of solid waste
material that is discarded or of no use is called solid
waste material management.
❑ It includes series of steps like transportation, storage,
collection, and processing.
❑ Solid waste management can do by following 3R’s rule:
1. REDUCE
2. REUSE
3. RECYCLE
MAIN STEPS OF SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT
❑ SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
▪ It is essential for public health, safety, and for good
environmental quality.
▪ Public employees often assigned to this work
(Municipalities or Private collectors).
▪ Wates are gathered from household, industries, and
institutions.
▪ Community bins are positioned at fixed points to each
area/street.
▪ Nowadays separation of solid and liquid waste at house
level is in practice too.
▪ Storing wastes at the source into categories like
biodegradable, recyclable, hazardous, and residual
wastes.
❑ Transportation
• A transfer facility is a central facility where
refuse from many collection vehicles is combined
into a large vehicles.
• Compactors, open trucks, and specialized vehicle
for hazardous waste are used for transportation.
• Wastes should transport safely without spills or
contamination.
❑ SOLID WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
• Aim of treating waste is to convert the waste into a
manageable form by reducing the quantity and
minimizing the harmful substances so that waste
disposal become safe.
