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77 views20 pagesAssignments
Assignment of ais
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Ahammed NajahCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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/ 20
7
ee What is onsymmetrical benching ¢ Give examples. |
o Unsummetrical bending occas when a stroctural element
oncleigoes hevling ma plane wot is not ons of 7
princi pol plana ais ts clue to whan applic loaols ca
not align with tha prinial wer of the Cross section, |
load arts along a hon- principal ams |
" Mentrol ons clo not alin with geomumic aner of tle
section
load amy not pas Hough tty shea center,
* Onsyim matical bonding vents in complen sbers chisti b-
ution across te section
© Debkection, occas mm the blip clincction
+ €g. Lb shaped beann with off conten load, Uhin - valle
open seetiony,
2. stake diPfesnees bebo iempurk leact, onal suctlorly applic
load »
T IMPACT LOAD | svopenty appiied _LoAo T
t Applies voy quickly ina faction Appliod quickly but grade Lompar
of second reynrtting ina Wage wd to import loadl-
Dra ove shore clacton.
2 ppfiied im an eocbremsly clyt — We ocenss hgbtly |
im entre c ere, a sli auger
pork pertod ther inapact © load ia
5 Lencks te high dy nate Conger olyhanie Lfjacks hot amyl
Ly Ls hock empl
aupkcortion ms Freccton “is Ley compared to
Tnapack lool « ee is high ve 40 sped | Groggy lower thon imapack ‘eae
app licaction ‘becamye application is nob
lap - :
IS <9. A con craghing its 0 bamia |eg: & Povon sedan, standing
| Ona plitform. oe
Slight 1s the significance of clolowininy shoo cenbe in bean:
"1. frevention of twisting, YW te load is not applied Usough
lasal center, Ha bea ill enepecereen conan
Lucisting tohich leach 0 underivalpe ceformacton or Toclete
I. tor acusamie Lonel analy + for aelaminadion of lee!
| disbibuction m the beam.
|g. Crtrcout by eccondic oadliny ! halos om fp
Bean will behave unde such leas
fo ghocnal cabs lity» sheax contee plaays a
eapasia Hot: ba struction doer nol bot ord leackey.
Bs
5 Guidane for load placemmnt Gives an icloo, about 7
redicting how te
significant 9h in
to place leacl such % in cranes , bridges » etc.
4. pffeantale between bilvp seebors ara conporibe beams?
ot BUILT uP SECTIONS “composite BEAMS
| creakech by welding , bolting | cronted by Lombing 220 a
| or vive ting together individual) materials, typically steel and
| Steel componuds: | conenode
Is. comnposea entirely of steel | mad Grom cx vombinabon of material
| compounds jsvch 0g steel , wood, conavte , etc
3. use $° crtate ao pesignod to wlilice best properties of
ted hovoll high Uaadt span, both the nalerials: te
| longen distances etc. | ®D a@lubat i shear Plow Give example By ctaor Plow ww bai leu?
oo by
tut Gleax Hoo refer fo the dislsibtion of shar fe unit long
|
|
along a sbucbeal chmad, such a beam, wm respon te
ox stryctin is
ah to olehiorns
| odomnal loads, UL arises Won a motored
Pej cuhie to shear Syvees coming the mabe
(by sliding prowllel (ayor pod one another.
the Arauka for stom Poo 4’ ma bean section Ts giver
Be
vie shoo, Pree
A = eee ya rch Ate cole
7 > 24 mot about entire cross
| Gemmpl of clon Moo tn section.
| buslt- up sections,
Fe Plate Cinders :- Composed of iaeb plate avel Plage ple. shear
© Moo dsvelops abou lo™ connections to raist mternal Phony
reo.
% Buill up columns: Formac by jorwing multiple shapes Cle cham
or angles ty create lorger sections. Shocr Hows is ogonbial im
entering the connponsrcts work togethe o& a singh onit
unde antel load.
3. Bow Beams :- cons tructeel Poom 4 plates elec or ire wether
tegetber to form rectongulr shape, shane Slow develops along
tHe welds or vwets a. He Hewryes to te web.
@:| what is nrvella ratto 2 why ts iL wportant in a
| of conaposite beams?
|
an teclulas tio is the bio oF medulns of olorticity of te
bles ‘als of © tomyosibe beomn. U& is denoted |
be ‘ & —> young: imodulny of
'" 7 Ex Sours rwocludry of crerhes
a4 Q@:
\nportance in composite becny:-
+ tells fo tomrlorm cross-section of one material i
epuivalat section of otter medowel to male if ery
Calewlating ston arch bed:
+ Weel bo catenin Ha Location of ne taubol oats iH
a composite beam.
4 Uelps to latomine how te load is is tii pubes! bat meen
Ue meatoriel-
DPhorntinds betwen plane ebon problin cn plant =beth
justo out
problem?
+ plane shor problar:.
]> Assune tak stone ma sing he plane
2 stress cConpornnts in z-direction oe neg leg ble.
> strobes is free 40 choform im He 2-clivection
> useel Sor analyzing thin stuebay
+ plans stam problun:-
> Assumes thak stain ina sigsingg pla Gry plane)
> Stain components in te 2 oUivecho. ae 220, inp lying
m0 difformakion in 2~ olirertion.
5S structs ts Onbotud in Hy 2 -erechor terms
be Syramatry,
> vged for analysing thick stoviwu.
sede sel for Unwovies of filer 7 rane obPfrert Yoory
Sb Pazlisa.
+ Needs
telp prealit Peilads verolor Conplen condibory,
Help, to agets wluthr a metal wit ful by gicdling
{ _ Bn
@ | Fractwing or ota mechanics ”
bo wile
3 For dhaigning op strvctius that re Strona, enough
Steurd applic locks withot bers overly cvonsewative:
4Q: Uelpy in Fivling ot tu loack capacity of a Compornt;
leach capacity way be Single or Conbinastion of loading.
OsPherouk principal theories oF foils oe
|. Max. principal sbex theory
2 Mon. shasa strey Yheony
Stein enrgy thoowy,
t. shoe sbata energy thaons
5 Man. principal stain teovy
6 Mohr's theory.
6: stoke meruelli law. You this ts ueful io deteunina chflcboug
btn 6 bution Q
Au Monewell’s law, alio known ay murnusells reciprocal tHeoren,
Staky tod in a liner elastee strctwe, 5 cefhction at
pot A in He Lvecbou of an Applicd force ak poink 8
is egust te te hfition cl pout & in ty clwerb'on
of an equok force. applied ct point A.
Mothe macticolly , Sag = Sea wae,
baa = Deflection ok poink A dt to a unit tre apphed
ot B
Sea = Debletion of pow & dee to wit force applied at A.
+ Importance:
1. For sionpliFcox on calculation in complex shructwes
a. this theorem ton be uyeol to vel the tal.
aked clehbections Wo stucbiae, 4 akcutaty oF Calen
rane
5 for SgmmeBical geometry strctuss cit [pecline, -. jus, te\
I
| 2 2
UL pp eA so
mannelli Hrsorem can hulp explore Hoye syrarmabies cary
| Moluce te no: of calculations vreguited which (eats to move,
elbiecient analysis
+ DePhaarticde betwen mommt ut to wnt loach
+ used fy staufle Socom Be oUns
ard tse whee si clehle cto}
ev votabiow needs +o be deteuniud|
Convenient dor structuaey with
Symmebical booing, @
PART g
A singly supported beam of Span sm cain c load of kA oh
ts mid Span howe, cross. sechon of Womm x 120 mn, . This
load is inclinel at 30° f ty vabical longitudinal plore.
Me linn of cretion of Uy (oad Passe Ynough thu. centroid of
Cress- seckion of the beoim. Determine a strente at al te
Comms of the cross-section ap vel os ak midport of t6s
Sikes.
Skat
—
My2 May
> om =
aT gsinge
My= Pome in 2. cbir x lergdt.
J Skew
5 BSind0x TS ee
HORM = HORW? Ken,
Mas Bree in y oe + lenght
= 8 COSBOXKES
2 HIT. 8 RM = NTS RUF Kern,
To = woxroe _ bee wot rt
ST ar
To OK 1008 _ (OT met
gF Tae
~ Merz _ Mey
y x
= —lonw x 6-1-3 x03 ~60
ORO MOO ETS KOPF 06
to# 1. FER COT
50.022 N/a?
ak (2,60) ee > “Lomo? K=O ITF KIO X60
(or bb 4¥x lor
= DNL Wr a Cs0,-60) = xWor K-50 _ 17: 3K 107 R GO
\o7 44x L0F
oe = 0-022 Yat
at (So wo) = 2 x(o? XSO _ (1. BR107 K-60
oF ee x07
oy OS O22 Marr
SA cardilows berm of sm having ary sect cathe 0
Vertical Cowl of SKN of the free end. shorter leq of the
aye section 1 boviconil, aml Ue any 1s prevented Rom
usisting . Detomie He position of recktal emir, Oru the
shece How, and locate the shear carder of th section. |
Also) fiteecna “Hs rans Herre caw conprenice sbenes
Tahe E= 2i0GFa
* % Find He position of
nowtaak axis.
bee G ork
My 2 3X3 21S kn
2 ot
A, e120 F720 =2fOom~
2 4
Ap= \8oK0 = 3600 mm po
stom!
2 60mm MET bOI « Bin >
= 210 my :
gy = 200419 r
ws vomm
A, xt ArXa _ 2400 x60 +¥b00K0
%
A +A, " 24004 3600
= BO mm
es 7 420 + 3600%40
g pO ae On Gy Pas Oe ee eee
A449 2400 4 3600 ae
-. Coutroid = (30,135) | a
hy = HA = 30-60 *
e 2 sS
ae u bade r
Sa = WE gaye AS + Robs helper mee zones
-\ F 2 Dont go? a
e 20x20 4 7400 ¥ (98) ZOATSO' 1360.0 (18)
> 3.05 37 mal
rs by 2G-Y 1 = 138 “to 252
Syy = 24 my? 4 bey dale 4
9 = ek ky + Bet tobe Dap lad
= > °
20x 20? 4 2400 sae) + 22X12", zy00
re ie
= 134x0t mige
Le Doe + Sy
= 4.39 X07 mnt |
— \ |
L
ga
xe
"
ue vis
= 2 R12 xws
4.34 eL07 r |
= 64x wots
4,20 hog 70-0104 |
Li
Gece = 0.087
= 0.032 +2 _
2 Fesamr *(0 ~~] x20
2 0.032 +[i-025y107- 5.64 xo S10 Jn Dow
50032 +2-05Xlo tw —1.1SF xco-F Ww?
Yo =0-032
Vo 2 0-0F!
Gato = Or
os ghost flow dingham, => "Lire iin harpel hen Simply sipportecl tary ovohany on bt
Side lot Support cossiag oink loacl ef I2kN at te end of
the pean, avel ODL of Tknim over a lnytt of dm. leugth
of owe homy is Ina, and that betoan RoR ky,
Ris = ig kw
2% fel Spport yerchiony at « Ay
img: o
Ske ~( =O => Rem be kw
zo
Re+ Ry =O
Ry = bg Ket bP
(1 Ocflecko, D cece [tu
ly en
Slope ck D2 @. ie
€f tie
o- ee
Bt fren feo),
ot
- wif ny ($422) de
a (42> Le ~s~) oh «(4-
ae
ee tet,
slope 2 € fits dy
ge) + fax-on(: alt ak
1
ee G+ Bet —
cy alt we petedeg (3- “BJ
—_
a8
w) petemine He vertick dollbction ot H and bovizontal Uff
ak fe ta bres shown mw Aye mdopt en bg lianos
Hooren, or voit load athed. ] Ro kn
Bm
¢
bo a ye
| | a
| 2 ,
| 7 °
| nove
| pod ae ae te
Pig (a)
sel
BR btonnin F te shucton is dateminate.
mar af =0
1343 -axg =O
ore
D The Strtwn © deloamnete
+ Te Bad Support reaction >
éty =9
Va + Ve t2O=9
Va + Ve =-20 EN
| EMp =O
_10 xa +2OX6 ND ¥6 =
Ve = 72:5 ke
DMs -t1-5 ke
==
Va wo o-Me
Zu =O
Un +O =O D> U_ = 20 kW
Bm fed freed at joimes~
Va = TOU KN C80p) @ Soir At
ees
bye SH BTS ITS
Src eerkn 4)
Lhzo
fog “B-KN (Cc)
@ pine e:-
fea shaw = FO SP
fea =2AkW CT)
| OS kN
|B Fd fovees ok Joints:
@ nk As
| Kne = 0-3 WY CO) ~ oS
(
£ Fx =o
Kag tkae ~0.6 tem (e)
@ Souk Fs.
key
Lh zo ke
kp, sine =kpy COP eo
Kea -
| key reagky Cc) kp
| @=53°
| CF, 0 bea
Keg zo kn
) @ jowmk Bs
Kg sre ee D Koy =O
t4cco
kpe 20.1 CG)
© a Fad ponroreA ou ak Ho ty vay Ob locel
wothod ,
we appled bavizatkef vail load at H ark remove all
Stn evternal Brees os im (hy ¢)
To Find support eachus
Zhu =O
Hatt co > Hy 20 bw) (We ain)
< Mazo
Ike TW xl =o > Vs O4kN
Vn = 70-1 kN Copp) ( @ Goiek As
thy -0 pry
Fie Sin ST HOE
fae tOTkw CTD
faa ro.g Kw (T)
@ Jont € =
fyeo
fog = “O-TEW C&)
€ Aco
| 2o--06uy Cec)
Fru
C Jone F:- (Leo (oro* vt a)
ag A
on fag
Feu 07 ww Cr)
Feu > Fa Sin B- o.re0sp
@jort gy.
Su to
feccog kw CT)
@ Goink C
Faeso
Feo cor aw GI)
CE Tote H:-
fap zo. eG)
1. Borratl Aflkition Frou, bu Chorirotl) - 2 PFC
Ae
2. Verbal chffition at H hj
Menvbnes Few c|
re
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co
de
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we
FA
| Fe
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we
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w HVA WA RRA Q
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3 -04F to4 gg
as - bt +04 “14
as -O-F 40-8