MCQ

1. The diagram shows a measuring device.

For which measurement is this device suitable?

A diameter of a cylinder of aluminium of about 20 cm

B distance between two molecules of zinc
C length of a rod of iron of about 1 m
D thickness of a sheet of copper of about 1.5 mm
2. The graph shows how the speed of an object varies with time.

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3. A concrete block falls vertically from an aeroplane. The concrete block falls into
the sea and sinks. Which graph shows the vertical motion of the concrete block?

4. Which quantity is weight an example of?

A acceleration B force C mass D pressure

5. Which statement about the mass of an object is correct?

A It changes when the object is lifted further from the ground.
B It is the gravitational force on the object.
C It is zero if the object is in orbit around the Earth.
D It resists any change in motion of the object.

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6 A rectangular metal block is 20 cm long. The cross-sectional area of the block is 25
cm2 . The mass of the block is 4000 g. What is the density of the metal?
A 0.13 g / cm3 B 0.32 g / cm3 C 8.0 g / cm3 D 2000 g / cm3
7. The diagram shows a beam lying on the ground. End Q is lifted from the ground
by the force F. End P of the beam remains on the ground.

The length of the beam is 3.0 m and its weight is 600 N. The centre of mass of the
beam at G is 1.0 m from end P. What is the size of the force F when it just raises end
Q from the ground?
A 200 N B 300 N C 400 N D 600 N
8. The diagram shows a stand. The stand holds a heavy mass above the bench.

Which two changes would definitely make the stand more stable?
A Lower the mass and make the base narrower.
B Lower the mass and make the base wider.
C Raise the mass and make the base narrower.
D Raise the mass and make the base wider.

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9. A footballer kicks a stationary football. His foot is in contact with the ball for
0.050 s. The mass of the ball is 0.40 kg. The speed of projection of the ball is 25 m /
s. What is the average force exerted on the ball by his foot?
A 0.32 N B 0.50 N C 200 N D 1300 N

10. What is the source of the Sun’s energy?

A chemical reactions in the Sun’s core
B -emissions in the Sun’s core
C nuclear fission in the Sun’s core
D nuclear fusion in the Sun’s core

11.Which row shows the natures of light waves, sound waves and X-rays?

12.The diagrams represent water waves in a tank. Which diagram represents a

wave that changes speed?

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13.Light waves pass from air into glass and are refracted.

What always remains constant when this happens?

A. direction
B. frequeny
C. speed
D. wavelength

14. Which diagram correctly shows a ray of light reflected by a plane mirror?

15.Which moving body has a resultant force acting on it?

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A a diver rising vertically through water at constant speed
B an aircraft circling an airport at constant speed
C a train going up a straight incline at constant speed
D a parachutist descending vertically at terminal velocity

16. A uniform beam is pivoted at the centre and two identical masses, X and Y, are
placed so that the beam balances. A smaller mass is then added at the position shown.

How can the masses be positioned so the beam balances again?

A Move X away from the pivot.
B Move X towards the pivot.
C Move Y towards the pivot.
D Move the small mass away from the pivot.

17. Why can ultrasound not be heard by humans?

A. The amplitude is too great.
B. The frequency is too great.
C. The speed is too great.
D. The wavelength is too great.

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18. A sphere P, made of steel, has a weight of 10N on Earth. Another sphere Q, also
made of steel, has a weight of 10N on Mars. The gravitational field strength on Earth
is greater than the gravitational field strength on Mars. Which statement is correct?
A The mass of sphere P is the same as the mass of sphere Q.
B The mass of sphere P is less than the mass of sphere Q.
C On Mars, the weight of sphere P is the same as the weight of sphere Q.
D On Earth, the weight of sphere Q is less than 10N.

19. A balloon and a mass are attached to a rod that is pivoted at a fixed point P.

The balloon is filled with helium, which is a gas that is less dense than air. The
balloon filled with helium applies an upward force on the rod. The rod is horizontal
and in equilibrium. Which action causes the rod to rotate clockwise?
A moving the balloon to the 40cm mark and the mass to the 30cm mark
B moving the balloon to the 20cm mark and the mass to the 10cm mark
C moving the balloon to the 25cm mark and the mass to the 25cm mark
D moving the balloon to the 20cm mark and the mass to the 30cm mark

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20. An object of mass 0.16kg is moving forwards at a speed of 0.50m/s.
A second object of mass 0.10kg is at rest. The first object strikes the second object.
After the collision, the second object moves forwards at a speed of 0.50m/s.
What is the speed of the first object after the collision?
A 0.0m/s B 0.19m/ s C 0.31m/s D 0.50m/s

21. A hole is made in a square tile of uniform thickness.

The diagram shows the tile hanging loosely on a nail.
Where is the centre of gravity of the tile?

22. A ball is at rest at the top of a hill. The ball rolls down the hill. At the bottom of
the hill the ball hits a wall and stops. Which energy changes occur?
A gravitational potential energy → internal energy → kinetic energy
B gravitational potential energy → kinetic energy → internal energy
C kinetic energy → gravitational potential energy → internal energy
D kinetic energy → internal energy → gravitational potential energy

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23. Light travels at a speed of 2.0 × 108m/s in a glass block. In the glass, the
wavelength of the light is 4.0 × 10–7m. What is the frequency of the light?
A. 2.0 × 10–15Hz
B. 1.3 × 10–2Hz
C. 80Hz
D. 5.0 × 1014Hz
24. Which statement describes monochromatic light?
A light that never diffracts
B light that has a single frequency
C light that spreads out when shone through a glass prism
D light that travels at the same speed in all materials

25. The diagram shows the gap between a hot surface and a cold surface.
The gap can contain air (gas), iron (solid), a vacuum or water (liquid).

A air (gas)
B iron (solid)
C vacuum
D water (liquid)

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26. A substance can exist in three different states: solid, liquid or gas. Each of the
two statements below describes a change of state.
change 1: Particles move much closer together but continue to travel throughout the
substance.
change 2: Particles stop travelling throughout the substance and just vibrate about
fixed positions. Which changes of state do these statements describe?

27. When particles of a gas collide with a wall of a container, the wall experiences a
pressure. What is the cause of this pressure?

A the change in energy of the particles

B the change in momentum of the particles

C the change in power of the particles

D the change in speed of the particles

28. Copper is a type of metal. A block of copper has a mass of 2.0kg. The block of
copper absorbs 12000J of thermal energy.

The specific heat capacity of copper is 385J /(kg°C).

What is the temperature rise of the copper?

A 15.6°C

B 31.2°C

C 46.8°C

D 62.4°C

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29.A student uses her thumb to push a drawing pin (thumb tack) into a notice board.
The pin goes into the board but does not penetrate her thumb. Which statement
explains this?

A The force exerted by the pin on her thumb is greater than the force exerted by the
pin on the notice board.

B The force exerted by the pin on the notice board is greater than the force exerted
by the pin on her thumb.

C The pressure of the pin on her thumb is greater than the pressure of the pin on the
notice board.

D The pressure of the pin on the notice board is greater than the pressure of the pin
on her thumb.

30. In a shallow tank, a water wave moves through a barrier with a narrow gap. The
diagram shows the waves on the left-hand side and the right-hand side of the barrier.

Which term describes the effect shown?

A reflection
B dispersion
C refraction
D diffraction

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Theory
2.Figure shows an optical fibre. XY is a ray of light passing along the fibre.

(a) On Fig.2.1, continue the ray XY until it passes Z.

(b)Explain why the ray does not leave the fibre at Y.

(c)The light in the optical fibre has a wavelength of 3.2 x 10-7 m and is

travelling at a speed of 1.9 x 108 m/s.

(i) Calculate the frequency of the light.

(ii) The speed of light in air is 3.0 x 108 m/s.

Calculate the refractive index of the material from which the fibre is made.

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3. (a) Draw a straight line from each quantity on the left-hand side to a speed on the
right- hand side which is typical for that quantity.

(b) Explain why sound waves are described as longitudinal.

(c) Figure shows how the displacement of air molecules, at an instant of time,
varies with distance along the path of a sound wave.

(i).On Figure, sketch two cycles of a sound wave that has a shorter wavelength and
a greater amplitude.

(ii)State two changes in the sound heard from this wave compared with the
original wave.

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4.In an optics lesson, a Physics student traces the paths of three rays of light near
the boundary between medium A and air. The student uses a protractor to measure
the various angles.
Figure illustrates the three measurements.

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(a) State which is the optically denser medium A or air, and how you can tell
this.

(b) State in which medium the light travels the faster, and how you know this.

(c) State the critical angle of medium A.

(d) State the full name for what is happening to ray 3.

(e)The refractive index of medium A is1.49.

Calculate the value of the angle of refraction of ray 1, showing all your working.

(f).The speed of light in air is 3.0 x 108 m/s.

Calculate the speed of light in medium A, showing all your working.

5. Diagram 1 shows a wooden plank balanced horizontally on two supports,

A and B. A block is suspended from the plank between the supports by a cable of
negligible weight.

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(a) The weight of the block is 260N.

(i) State the formula linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from
the pivot.
(ii) By taking moments about support A, calculate force F. Assume the weight of
the plank is negligible.

(iii) Explain what will happen to the magnitude of force F if the block is moved
towards support B.
(b) Diagram 2 shows the block and the cable connecting the block to the plank.
(i) The centre of gravity of the block is located at point X.
Draw an arrow on diagram 2 to show the weight of the block.

(ii) The block also experiences a force due to the tension in the cable.
Explain why the block remains stationary when it is supported by this
tension force.
(iii) Explain why the forces acting on the block are not an example of Newton’s
third law of motion.

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6. (a) Complete the definitions by giving the name of each quantity.
mass × acceleration = ........................................................
force × time = ........................................................
(b) Figure shows a man using a golf club to hit a ball.

The ball has a mass of 0.046 kg. The golf club is in contact with the ball for a
duration of 5.0 × 10–4 s and the ball leaves the golf club at a speed of 65 m/s.
(i) Calculate the momentum of the ball as it leaves the golf club.
(ii) Calculate the average resultant force acting on the ball while it is in contact
with the golf club.

7.A driver of a car sees an obstruction in the road ahead and must stop the car.
(a) (i) State the formula linking average speed, distance travelled and time taken.
(ii) A car travels at 21m/s.
The driver’s reaction time is 0.14 seconds. Calculate the distance travelled by the
car during the driver’s reaction time.
(b) The car experiences a braking force of 7600N.
The car has a mass of 1200kg.
(i) State the formula linking force, mass and acceleration.
(ii) Calculate the acceleration of the car.
(iii) Calculate the braking distance travelled as the speed of the car is reduced
from 21m/s to 0m/s.

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8- The photograph shows an ice cube placed on a metal tile. The solid ice cube
melts to become liquid water.

(a) Compare the arrangement of particles in a solid with the arrangement of

particles in a liquid. You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(b) Describe the difference in the movement of particles in a solid compared with
the movement of particles in a liquid.
(c) After the ice cube has melted, the liquid water increases in temperature. The
water has a mass of 16g and a specific heat capacity of 4200J/kg°C.
Calculate the energy transferred to the liquid water as it increases in temperature
from 3°C to 21°C.
9. Figure shows a transverse wave produced in a string.

(a) Figure is drawn in full size.

(i) draw labelled lines to show
1. the amplitude of the wave
2. the wavelength of the wave
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(ii) label a trough with the letter T.
(b) A person vibrates one end of the string vertically to produce the wave. He
makes 15 complete oscillations in 60s.
Show that the speed of the wave is 2.0cm/ s.
(c) State the difference between transverse waves and longitudinal waves. Use
your ideas about the direction of oscillations.
10. (a) (i) Define specific latent heat.
(ii) Explain the melting of a solid in terms of molecules and energy.
(b) An electrical heater is used to heat a liquid to its boiling point. Figure shows
the apparatus.

When the liquid is boiling, the heater supplies 1.26MJ of thermal energy. The
mass reading shown on the balance decreases from 3800g to 2300g. Calculate the
specific latent heat of vaporisation of the liquid.
(c) State and explain a precaution to improve the accuracy of the value of specific
latent heat calculated in (b).

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