VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI – 590 018,

KARNATAKA

Shri Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Educational & Cultural Trust

JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
BELAGAVI

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

THIRD YEAR
(2024 – 2025)

MINI PROJECT REPORT

On
"MOTION BASED SMART FAN OPERATION AND SPEED
CONTROL USING ARDUINO UNO"

PROJECT GUIDE
Prof. G P Kadam
Dept. of E&CE, JCE, Belagavi

PROJECT MEMBER
Mr. Naveen Patil 2JI20EC071
Mr. Vardhman Patil 2JI21EC170
Mr. Vinayak Rayanaikar 2JI21EC174
Ms. Sneha Kumbar 2JI21EC148
 Shri Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Educational & Cultural Trust ®
JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BELAGAVI
T.S. NAGAR, MACHHE – 590014, KARNATAKA

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Work entitled “Motion Based Smart Fan Operation
And Speed Control Using Arduino Uno” carried out by Mr. Naveen Patil
(2JI20EC071), Mr. Vardhman Patil (2JI21EC170), Mr. Vinayak Rayanaikar
(2JI21EC174), Ms. Sneha Kumbar (2JI21EC148) are bonafide students of Department
of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jain College of Engineering,
Belagavi, in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering of the
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the academic year 2023-2024.
It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for project assessment have been
incorporated in the report. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering degree.

Prof. G P Kadam Prof. V R Bagali Dr. J. Shivakumar

Project Guide HOD, Dept. of E&CE Principal & Director
Dept. of E&CE, JCE BGM JCE, Belagavi JCE, Belagavi

Name of the examiners Signature with date

1. _________________________ __________________

2. __________________________ __________________
 DECLARATION
We Mr. Naveen Patil (2JI20EC071), Mr. Vardhman Patil (2JI21EC170), Mr.

Vinayak Rayanaikar (2JI21EC174), Ms. Sneha Kumbar (2JI21EC148) students of

6th semester B.E. Electronics & Communication Engineering, Jain College of

Engineering, Belagavi hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “Motion Based

Smart Fan Operation And Speed Control Using Arduino Uno” has been carried out

in a batch and submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of

Bachelor’s Degree in Electronics & Communication Engineering under Visvesvaraya

Technological University, Belagavi during the academic year 2023 – 24.

Name USN Signature

Mr. Naveen Patil 2JI20EC071 ___________________________

Mr. Vardhman Patil 2JI21EC170 ___________________________

Mr. Vinayak Rayanaikar 2JI21EC174 ___________________________

Ms. Sneha Kumbar 2JI21EC148 ___________________________

Place : Belagavi

Date :
 Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Vision of Institute
"To be a university as a resource of solution to diverse challenges of society by nurturing
innovation, research & entrepreneurship through value based education."

Mission of Institute
• To provide work culture that facilitates effective teaching-learning process and
lifelong learning skills.

• To promote innovation, collaboration and leadership through best practices.

• To foster industry-institute interaction resulting in entrepreneurship skills and

employment opportunities.

Vision of Department
“To achieve excellence in education and research for developing globally
competent, ethically sound Electronics & Communication Engineers”.

Mission of Department
1. To provide conductive environment through structured student centric,
teaching learning process.
2. To nurture needs of society by infusing scientific temper in students and
to grow as a centre of excellence with efficient industry-institute
interaction.
3. To inculcate self learning skills, entrepreneurial ability and professional
ethics.
 Program Educational Objectives (PEO’s)
1. Graduates will be able to contemplate real-time social problems and
deliver efficient solutions.
2. Graduates will be able to lead and succeed in professional careers.
3. Graduates will contribute through research and enterpreneurship.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSO’s)

Graduates in the UG program in Electronics and communication engineering
will be able to
1. Design, verify and develop analog and digital systems by using state of art
technology to contribute to the societal needs.
2. Apply knowledge in various domain of IoT, real time systems,
communication systems, VLSI and embedded systems, image and signal
processing using hardware and software tools.
 Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Vision of Institute
"To be a university as a resource of solution to diverse challenges of society by nurturing
innovation, research & entrepreneurship through value based education."

Mission of Institute
• To provide work culture that facilitates effective teaching-learning process and
lifelong learning skills.

• To promote innovation, collaboration and leadership through best practices.

• To foster industry-institute interaction resulting in entrepreneurship skills and

employment opportunities.

Vision of Department
“To achieve excellence in education and research for developing globally
competent, ethically sound Electronics & Communication Engineers”.

Mission of Department
4. To provide conductive environment through structured student centric,
teaching learning process.
5. To nurture needs of society by infusing scientific temper in students and
to grow as a centre of excellence with efficient industry-institute
interaction.
6. To inculcate self learning skills, entrepreneurial ability and professional
ethics.
 Program Educational Objectives (PEO’s)
4. Graduates will be able to contemplate real-time social problems and
deliver efficient solutions.
5. Graduates will be able to lead and succeed in professional careers.
6. Graduates will contribute through research and enterpreneurship.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSO’s)

Graduates in the UG program in Electronics and communication engineering
will be able to
3. Design, verify and develop analog and digital systems by using state of art
technology to contribute to the societal needs.
4. Apply knowledge in various domain of IoT, real time systems,
communication systems, VLSI and embedded systems, image and signal
processing using hardware and software tools.
 Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering

PROGRAM OUTCOME’S (PO’S)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend
and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and
give and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary
environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
 Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CO-PO/PSO Mapping:
L1: Remembering L2: Understanding L3: Applying L4: Analyzing L5: Evaluating L6: Creating
Bloom’s Cognitive
Course Outcomes Description
level
Understand the basic concepts and broad
21ECMP67.01 L3
principles of industrial projects.
Apply the theoretical concepts to solve industrial
21ECMP67.02 problems with team work and multidisciplinary L3
approach.
Get capable of self education and clearly
21ECMP67.03 understand the values of achieving perfection in L3
project implementation and completion.
Demonstrate professionalism with ethics; present
21ECMP67.04 effective communication skills relate engineering L3
issues to broader societal context.
Understand concepts of projects and production
21ECMP67.05 L3
management.

Strength of CO Mapping to PO/PSOs with Justification:

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High)

PSO1 PSO2
COs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12

CO1 3 3 3 1 1 1 3

CO2 3 3 3 1 3 3 3

CO3 3 3 3 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 3 3

CO4 2 3

CO5 3 3 2 2 3

Avg 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 2
3 3
 CO-PO-PSO Justification
CO1 → PO1 (3) • Strongly mapped as students apply the electronics and communication
CO1 → PO2 (3) engineering skills to understand the principles of industrial projects.
• Strongly mapped as students identify, formulate, review research
CO1 → PO3 (3)
literature and analyse complex engineering problems.
CO1 → PO4 (1) • Strongly mapped as students design solutions for complex engineering
CO1 →PO6(1) problems with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety.
• Slightly mapped as students can use research-based knowledge and
CO1 →PO7(1)
methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation to
CO1 → PSO3(2) provide valid conclusions.
• Slightly mapped as students can able to understand the impact of
professional engineering project solutions in societal and environmental
contexts.
• Slightly mapped as students can be able to apply reasoning of contextual
project knowledge to assess societal, health and safety issues.
• Strongly mapped as apply knowledge in various domain of IoT, real time
systems, communication systems, VLSI and embedded systems, image
and signal processing using hardware and software tools.

CO2 → PO1 (3) • Strongly mapped as students apply the electronics and communication
CO2 → PO2 (3) engineering skills to understand the principles of industrial projects.
• Strongly mapped as students identify, formulate, review research
CO2 → PO3 (3)
literature and analyse complex engineering problems.
CO2 → PO4 (1) • Strongly mapped as students design solutions for complex engineering
CO2 → PO9 (3) problems with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety.
• Slightly mapped as students can use research-based knowledge and
CO2 → PSO1(3)
methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation to
CO2 → PSO2(3) provide valid conclusions.
• Strongly mapped as students can effectively act as an individual, and as
a member or leader and work in a team.
• Strongly mapped as students can design, verify and develop analog and
digital systems by using state of art technology to contribute to the
societal needs and solve industrial problem.
• Strongly mapped as students apply knowledge in various domain of IoT,
real time systems, communication systems, VLSI and embedded
systems, image and signal processing using hardware and software tools
and solve industrial problem.

CO3 → PO1 (3) • Strongly mapped as students apply the electronics and communication
CO3 → PO2 (3) engineering skills to understand the principles of industrial projects.
• Strongly mapped as students identify, formulate, review research
CO3 → PO3 (3)
literature and analyse complex engineering problems.
CO3 → PO4 (1) • Strongly mapped as students design solutions for complex engineering
CO3 →PO5(1) problems with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety.
CO3 → PO8(2) • Slightly mapped as students can use research-based knowledge and
CO3 → PO9 (3) methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation to
provide valid conclusions.
CO3→ PO10 (3)
• Slightly mapped as students can Create, select, and apply appropriate
CO3 → PO11 (2) techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including
CO3 → PO12 (2) prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an
understanding of the limitations.
• Moderately mapped as students can work ethically and professionally in
CO3 → PSO1(3) the industry.
• Strongly mapped as Students can effectively act as an individual, and as
CO3 → PSO2(3)
a member or leader and work in a team.
• Strongly mapped as Students can comprehend and write effective reports
and make documentation with effective presentation.
• Moderately mapped as students can learn to management and financial
skills required for the execution of project.
• Moderately mapped as students can be engaged in life long learning in
the broadest context of technological change through project
implementation and completion.
• Strongly mapped as students can design, verify and develop analog and
digital systems by using state of art technology to contribute to the
societal needs and solve industrial problem.
• Strongly mapped as students apply knowledge in various domain of IoT,
real time systems, communication systems, VLSI and embedded
systems, image and signal processing using hardware and software tools
and solve industrial problem.

CO4 → PO8 (3) • Moderately mapped as students can work ethically and professionally in
CO4→ PO10 (3) the industry.
• Strongly mapped as Students can comprehend and write effective reports
and make documentation with effective presentation.

CO5→ PO9 (3) • Strongly mapped as Students can effectively act as an individual, and as
CO5→ PO10 (3) a member or leader and work in a team.
• Strongly mapped as Students can comprehend and write effective reports
CO5 → PO11 (2)
and make documentation with effective presentation.
CO5 → PO12 (2) • Moderately mapped as students can learn to management and financial
skills required for the execution of project.
• Moderately mapped as students can be engaged in life long learning in
CO5 → PSO1(3) the broadest context of technological change through project
implementation and completion.
• Strongly mapped as students can design, verify and develop analog and
digital systems by using state of art technology to contribute to the
societal needs and solve industrial problem.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Although a single sentence hardly suffices, we would like to thank almighty God for
blessing us with his grace and taking our endeavour to a successful culmination.

We express our gratitude to our guide Prof. G P Kadam, Professor, Dept. of E&CE,
JCE, Belagavi, for his valuable guidance and continual encouragement and assistance
throughout the project work. We greatly appreciate the freedom and collegial respect. We
are grateful to him for discussions about the technical matters and suggestions concerned
to our topic.

We extend our sense of gratitude to Dr. Salma S S, Project Coordinator, Dept. of E&CE,
JCE, Belagavi, for extending support and cooperation which helped us in completion of
the project work.

We extend our sense of gratitude to Prof. V R Bagali, Assistant Professor & Head, Dept.
of E&CE, JCE, Belagavi, for extending support and cooperation which helped us in
completion of the project work.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. J Shivakumar., Principal, JCE
Belagavi, for extending support and cooperation which helped us in the completion of the
project work.

We would like to extend our gratitude to all staff of Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering for the help and support rendered to us.

We would like to extend our gratitude to all our family members and friends especially for
their advice and moral support.
 ABSTRACT

This project aims to develop a smart fan that can be automatically controlled by human
presence and temperature. The smart fan consists of an Arduino Uno microcontroller, a
PIR sensor, an DHT22 temperature sensor, a DC motor, N-Channel MOSFET and a power
supply. The PIR sensor is used to detect human presence, while the DHT temperature
sensor is used to measure the ambient temperature. The Arduino Uno microcontroller is
used to control the speed of the DC motor based on the input from the PIR sensor and the
DHT22 temperature sensor and OLED is used to display the output.

The smart fan follows the mode of operation: The fan speed is automatically controlled by
the Arduino Uno microcontroller based on the input from the PIR sensor and the DHT22
temperature sensor.

The smart fan is a low-cost, easy-to-build project that can be used to improve the comfort
and energy efficiency of a home. The project can be modified to include additional features,
such as a remote control or a web interface.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1
1.1 MOTIVATION .................................................................................................... 1
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT .................................................................................. 1
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT................................................................................. 1
1.4 LITERATURE SURVEY .................................................................................... 2
1.5 DESIGN APPROACH………………………………………………………….3
CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE DESIGN…………………………………………………..4
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM……………………………………………………………4
2.1.1 ARDUINO UNO……………………………………………….…..5
2.1.2 PIR SENSOR………………………………………………………6
2.1.3 MOSFET-IRF530N………………………………………………...7
2.1.4 DHT22 SENSOR…………………………………………………...8
2.1.5 OLED I2C DISPLAY………………………………….…………..9
2.1.6 DC FAN 9V……………………………………………………….10
2.1.7 BATTERY 9V………………………………………………...…...12
CHAPTER 3 SOFTWARE DESIGN………………………………………………….13
3.1 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE…………………………………………..…13
3.2 ARDUINO IDE………………………………………………………………..13
3.3 CODE……………..…………………………………………………………...13
CHAPTER 4 APPLICATIONS……………………………………………….……….16
4.1 Applications…………………………………………………………………….15
4.2 Advantages……………………………………………………………………...15
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE……...……………….………17
CHAPTER 6 REFERENCES……………………………………………….…………18
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Connection diagram............................................................................................... 5
Figure 2 Pin Diagram ........................................................................................................... 5
Figure 3: Arduino Uno ......................................................................................................... 6
Figure 4: pir sensor .............................................................................................................. 7
Figure 5 IRF530N MOSFET ............................................................................................... 8
Figure 6 DHT22 Sensor ....................................................................................................... 9
Figure 7 I2C Oled Display ................................................................................................. 10
Figure 8 12V DC Fan ......................................................................................................... 11
Figure 9 9V Battery ........................................................................................................... 12
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 MOTIVATION
The motivation for creating a project on motion-based smart fan operation and speed
control using Arduino Uno stems from the desire to enhance energy efficiency and user
convenience. By utilizing motion sensors to detect occupancy, the fan can be
automatically activated and its speed adjusted based on real-time needs, significantly
reducing unnecessary energy consumption.
This project not only offers a practical solution to optimize comfort in residential and
commercial spaces but also promotes sustainability by minimizing energy waste.
Additionally, it provides an excellent opportunity to gain hands-on experience with
Arduino programming, sensor integration, and motor control, fostering technical skills
and innovation.
The cost-effective nature of using an Arduino Uno and affordable components makes this
project accessible, while its potential for customization allows for further enhancements
and integration with other smart home systems. Overall, this project aligns with modern
technological trends and environmental goals, making it a valuable and impactful
endeavour.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Sometimes we humans forget to turn off the fans even when we are not in the room.
Most human feels the inconvenience about changing the fan speed level manually when
the room temperature changes. So, the fan system that automatically turns the fan on
by detecting the presence of the people and then adjusts speed of the fan according to
the temperature changes is recommended to be built for solving this problem.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT

• Automated Fan Control: Develop a system that automatically turns the fan on or off
based on motion detection, ensuring the fan operates only when needed.
• Speed Regulation: Implement a mechanism to adjust the fan speed according to the
level of detected motion, optimizing cooling efficiency and user comfort.

Dept. of E&CE 1 JCE Belagavi

 • Energy Efficiency: Reduce energy consumption by ensuring that the fan runs only
when there is movement in the room, contributing to cost savings and
environmental sustainability.
• Integration with Arduino: Utilize Arduino Uno to interface with motion sensors and
motor control components, demonstrating the practical application of
microcontroller technology.
• User Interface: Provide an intuitive user interface, if applicable, for easy setup and
configuration of the system, such as setting motion sensitivity or fan speed
parameters.
• Reliability and Accuracy: Ensure the system is reliable and accurately responds to
motion, with minimal false triggers or missed detections.
• Customization and Expandability: Design the system to be easily customizable and
expandable, allowing for additional features or integration with other smart home
technologies.
• Educational Value: Offer a learning experience by applying theoretical knowledge
to a practical project, enhancing skills in programming, electronics, and system
integration.

1.4 LITERATURE SURVEY

In [1] This paper demonstrates the design and working of a temperature-based fan speed
regulation system using Arduino. The fan’s speed will be automatically monitored
depending on the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor. DHT11 temperature and
humidity sensors have been used for sensing the temperature. If the temperature exceeds
over a specific value, the fan will automatically switch on. The fan will turn off
automatically if the temperature drops under a specific value. The fan's velocity will be
determined by the temperature, and it will automatically increase or decrease when the
temperature is measured by the sensor. The fan speed and the current temperature will
also be printed on the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen. This paper demonstrates the
use of temperature sensor data to adjust the fan's speed autonomously. The design that
has been presented here is suited for today's lifestyle.
In [2] Most human feels the inconvenient about changing the fan speed level manually
when the room’s temperature changed. So, the automatic fan system that automatically
changes the speed level according to temperature changes is recommended to be built for
solving this problem. Hence, the objectives for this project are to enable the electric fan

Dept. of E&CE 2 JCE Belagavi

 to automatically change the speed level according to temperature changes and develop
an automatic fan system that can change the speed level due to the environment
temperature changes. This project presents the designs and the simulation of a DC fan
control system based on room temperature using pulse width modulation technique and
temperature sensor namely LM35 with Arduino Uno Microcontroller. The fan will be
used to reduce the temperature of a room at certain level. To build the fan, we use LM35
heat sensor. The sensor will measure the room temperature continuously. When the room
temperature sensed by the sensor crossed the threshold, value fan is switched on; the
LED will be turn on. The fan will remain on till the temperature reduces below the
threshold value. This general idea is used in this project.
In [3] The Study is aimed at controlling the speed of the fan automatically using Arduino,
temperature, and humidity sensors. Fan speed needs to be manually controlled every time
but by using this idea the speed of the fan will be automatically adjusted according to the
surrounding environment. DHT22 sensor is used to sense the temperature and then the
speed of the fan is adjusted accordingly using PWM. Here Arduino code is used. In this
proposed system, it takes comparatively less time to process. It requires additional
devices, external clock and for programming, it requires development system.
In [4] This paper presents the development of a low-cost smart fan system. In this project,
the cheap smart fan system, in which the speed of the fan depends on the room
temperature is developed. This is a massive waste of power in the whole world and
should be changed. Our smart fan system consists of a motion sensor, temperature sensor,
and a short-distance communication network. The fan turns on if the surrounding
temperature is exceeding the predetermined temperature. The present status and the
prospects of our smart fan system is reviewed.
In [5] The software used includes the Arduino IDE. This system aims to monitor and
control room temperature and object movement detection systems intelligently, prevent
overheating, reduce the risk of loss and combine the advantages of IoT technology to
create a temperature control and motion detection system that is responsive to room
temperature and the movement of objects in the room.

Dept. of E&CE 3 JCE Belagavi

1.5 DESIGN APPROACH
Firmware Design & Development
• Gather the necessary components.
• Connect the components to the Arduino.
• Write the Arduino code.
• Test the project.

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 CHAPTER 2
HARDWARE DESIGN

2.1 CONNECTION DIAGRAM

Figure 1 Connection diagram

2.2 PIN DIAGRAM

Figure 2 Pin Diagram

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 2.1.1 ARDUINO UNO
The “Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino
1.0. The Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduino, moving
forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference
model for the Arduino platform.
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet).
It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header,
and a reset button.
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-
to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial
converter. "Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of
Arduino 1.0. The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328
(datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs),
6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header, and a reset button.
It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it
to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-
to-serial driver chip.

Figure 3: Arduino Uno

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 ATMEGA328P MICROCONTROLLER
The Atmel Pico Power ATmega328/P is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller
based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in
a single clock cycle, the ATmega328/P achieves throughputs close to 1MIPS per MHz.
This empowers system designed to optimize the device for power consumption versus
processing speed.

2.1.2 PIR SENSOR

Figure 4: pir sensor

A PIR sensor is an electronic sensor used in motion detectors such as automatically

triggered lighting devices and protection systems that measure devices emitting infrared
light in their field of view. Each body with a temperature above zero releases heat
energy, which is in the form of radiation

FEATURES
• Power supply: 10~30V DC
• Power consumption: 0.4W
• Sensor type: dual-element pyro-infrared sensor
• Alarm delay: 30s, 10s, 5s output optional (alarm duration)

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 • Delay alarm: software setting (delay when the alarm occurs)
• Installation method: ceiling
• Installation height: 2.5~6m
• Detection range: diameter 6m (when the installation height is 3.6m)
• Detection angle: 360° in all directions
• Signal output: RS485
• Communication protocol: Modbus-RTU
• Working environment: -10℃~50℃, ≤95%, no condensation

2.1.3 MOSFET-IRF530N
IRF530N is an N Channel Power MOSFET which is used to switch the power in power
supply circuits, It has designed by the International rectifier .

Figure 5 IRF530N MOSFET

FEATURES
• Drain-to-Source Voltage (Vdss): 100V
• Continuous Drain Current (Id): 17A (at 25°C)
• Pulsed Drain Current (Id, pulse): 110A
• Gate Threshold Voltage (Vgs(th)): 2.0V to 4.0V
• Drain-Source On-Resistance (Rds(on)): 0.055Ω (at Vgs = 10V, Id = 8.6A)
• Gate Charge (Qg): 67nC (typical)
• Total Gate Charge (Qg): 67nC (typical)

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 • Rise Time (tr): 18ns
• Fall Time (tf): 45ns
• Maximum Power Dissipation (Pd): 89W (at 25°C)
• Operating Junction and Storage Temperature Range: -55°C to +175°C

2.1.4 DHT22 SENSOR

Figure 6 DHT22 Sensor

The DHT22 sensor is a low-cost digital sensor used to measure both temperature and
humidity. It provides high accuracy and stability, making it suitable for a wide range of
applications including weather stations, environmental monitoring systems, and HVAC
controls. The DHT22 outputs a calibrated digital signal, which can be easily read by
microcontrollers such as the Arduino Uno.
FEATURES
• Supply Voltage: 3.3V to 6V
• Temperature Range: -40°C to 80°C
• Temperature Accuracy: ±0.5°C
• Humidity Range: 0% to 100% RH
• Humidity Accuracy: ±2% to ±5% RH (typically ±2% in the 20%-80% range)
• Resolution: Temperature: 0.1°C, Humidity: 0.1% RH
• Sampling Period: 2 seconds (measures data every 2 seconds)
• Dimensions: 15.1mm x 25mm x 7.7mmPower consumption: 0.4W

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2.1.5 OLED I2C DISPLAY

Figure 7 I2C Oled Display

An OLED I2C display is a type of Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) screen that
uses the I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) protocol for communication with
microcontrollers and other devices.
FEATURES
• Display Technology: OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode)
• Interface: I2C (requires only two data lines: SDA for data and SCL for the clock)
• Typical Sizes: Common sizes include 0.96 inches, 1.3 inches, and 1.5 inches
• Resolution: Common resolutions are 128x32 and 128x64 pixels
• Color: Usually monochrome (white, blue, or yellow), but full-color versions are also
available
• Operating Voltage: Typically 3.3V or 5V
• Viewing Angle: Wide, often around 160 degrees
• Power Consumption: Low, because only the lit pixels consume power
• Driver IC: Often uses the SSD1306 or SH1106Power consumption: 0.4W

Dept. of E&CE 10 JCE Belagavi

2.1.6 12V DC FAN

Figure 8 12V DC Fan

A 12V DC fan is a small fan typically used in electronic projects and cooling
applications.
Features:

• Voltage: 12V DC (Direct Current) is the operating voltage for the fan.

• Current: Measured in amperes (A), this tells you how much current the fan draws.
Typical values range from 0.1A to 0.5A.

• Power Consumption: This is calculated as Voltage × Current and is typically

measured in watts (W). For a 12V fan, if it draws 0.2A, it would consume 2.4W.

• Airflow: Measured in cubic feet per minute (CFM) or cubic meters per hour (m³/h).
This indicates how much air the fan moves. Values can range from 10 CFM to over 100
CFM for different types of fans.

• Speed: Usually measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). A typical 12V DC fan
might run between 1,000 and 3,000 RPM.

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2.1.7 BATTERY 9V

Figure 9 9V Battery

A 9V battery is a common type of battery used in various electronic devices and

projects.
FEATURES
• Nominal Voltage: 9 volts
• Chemistry: Alkaline, Lithium, Zinc-carbon, Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH)
• Capacity:
Alkaline: Approximately 500-600 mAh
Lithium: Approximately 1200 mAh
NiMH (rechargeable): Typically around 200-300 mAh
• Physical Dimensions: Typically 48.5mm x 26.5mm x 17.5mm
• Weight: Varies with chemistry, typically around 45-50 grams for alkaline

Dept. of E&CE 12 JCE Belagavi

 CHAPTER 3
SOFTWARE DESIGN

3.1 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

C++

3.2 ARDUINO IDE

Arduino software is needed to program Arduino boards and must be downloaded from
the Arduino website and installed on a computer. This software is known as the Arduino
IDE (Integrated Development Environment). Drivers must be installed in order to be able
to program an Arduino from the Arduino IDE.

3.3 CODE
#include <SPI.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>
#include <DHT.h>

// OLED display definitions

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64
#define OLED_RESET 4
// set pir pin to 2 in arduino
#define PIR_PIN 2
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire,
OLED_RESET);
// DHT sensor definitions
#define DHTPIN 3 // Pin which is connected to the DHT sensor
#define DHTTYPE DHT22 // DHT 22 (AM2302)
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
int motionDetected = 0;
int trans = 11; // This pin will be connected to the base (transistor)

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void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3c);
dht.begin();
showWelcomeMessage();
}
void loop() {
delay(100); // Adjust delay according to your requirements
motionDetected=digitalRead(PIR_PIN);
Serial.println(motionDetected);
float temp = dht.readTemperature(); // Read temperature as Celsius

if (isnan(temp)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
return;
}

Serial.print(temp);
Serial.println(" °C"); // Just to check the current temperature

showTemp(temp);
// showDistance(distance);

delay(100);
if (temp > 20 && motionDetected==HIGH) {
digitalWrite(trans, HIGH);
analogWrite(trans, 100);
delay(10);
}
else if (temp > 30 && motionDetected == HIGH) {
digitalWrite(trans, HIGH);
analogWrite(trans, 150);
delay(10);
}

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 else if (temp > 40 && motionDetected==HIGH) {
digitalWrite(trans, HIGH);
analogWrite(trans, 255);
delay(10);
}
else {
digitalWrite(trans, LOW);
}
}

void showTemp(float temp) {

display.clearDisplay();
display.setTextSize(2);
display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);
display.setCursor(40, 0);
display.println(F("Temp"));
display.setCursor(0, 20);
display.print(F("C: "));
display.println(temp);
delay(10);
display.display(); // Show initial text
}
void showWelcomeMessage(void) {
delay(2000);
display.clearDisplay();
display.setTextSize(2); // Draw 2X-scale text
display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);
display.setCursor(10, 0);
display.println(F("Welcome"));
display.display(); // Show initial text
delay(5000);
display.clearDisplay();
}

Dept. of E&CE 15 JCE Belagavi

 CHAPTER 4
APPLICATIONS
4.1 APPLICATIONS
❖ Home Automation: Automatically adjust fan speed based on room occupancy and
temperature, ensuring comfort without manual intervention.
❖ Energy Efficiency: Save energy by turning off the fan when no one is in the room or
adjusting speed based on temperature to avoid unnecessary cooling.
❖ Comfort Optimization: Maintain a comfortable environment by automatically
activating the fan when someone enters the room and adjusting speed based on
temperature changes.
❖ Enhance workspace comfort by adjusting fan speed based on occupancy and
temperature fluctuations throughout the day..

4.2 ADVANTAGES
❖ Can save energy by only turning on the fan when necessary.
❖ Can improve comfort by automatically adjusting the fan speed based on the
temperature of the room.
❖ Can be used to control multiple fans in a single room..

Dept. of E&CE 16 JCE Belagavi

 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
5.1 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the mini project "Motion Based Smart fan operation and Speed
Control" using Arduino was a success. The project was able to successfully switch
on the fan and adjust the speed of the fan based on the temperature of the room.
The project has a few limitations, such as the inaccurate temperature sensor and the
non-smooth fan speed. However, these limitations can be overcome with some
modifications.
The project is a good starting point for creating a smart fan. With some
modifications, it is possible to create a fan that is more accurate and has a smoother
fan speed. The project can also be modified to add additional features, such as the
ability to set the desired temperature or the desired fan speed.
FUTURE SCOPE
❖ Integration with Smart Home Systems: The system can be integrated with broader
smart home ecosystems, allowing for centralized control and coordination with other
smart devices such as lights, thermostats, and security systems.
❖ Advanced Sensing Technologies: Future iterations could incorporate more advanced
sensing technologies, such as image processing with cameras or machine learning
algorithms, to improve motion detection accuracy and adaptability to different
environments.
❖ IoT Connectivity: Adding Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities can enable remote
monitoring and control via smartphones or computers, providing users with greater
convenience and flexibility.
❖ Energy Monitoring: Integrating energy monitoring features can help users track and
optimize their energy consumption, further enhancing the system's sustainability
benefits.
❖ Voice Control Integration: The system could be enhanced with voice control
capabilities, allowing users to operate and configure the fan using voice commands
through virtual assistants like Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant..

Dept. of E&CE 17 JCE Belagavi

 REFERENCES

[1]. Jain A, Sarkar A, Ather D, Raj D. Temperature based

automatic fan speed control system using arduino.
Proceedings of the Advancement in Electronics &
Communication Engineering. 2022 Jul 14.
[2]. Junizan NA, Razak AA, Balakrishnan B, Othman WA. Design
and implementation of automatic room temperature
controlled fan using Arduino Uno and LM35 heat sensor.
International Journal of Engineering Creativity &
Innovation. 2019 Sep 27;1(2):8-14.
[3]. Kaushik S, Chouhan YS, Sharma N, Singh S, Suganya P.
Automatic fan speed control using temperature and
humidity sensor and Arduino. Int. J. Adv. Res.
2018;4(2):453-67.
[4]. Zainal ZH, Chelvam NT, Seman MN, Othman WA. Design of
a Low-Cost Smart Fan System using Arduino Uno (DIY).
Technical Journal of Electrical Electronic Engineering
and Technology. 2019 Jan 28;3(1):14-25.
[5]. Hidayat R, Novriyenni N, Syahputra S. Design of a
Temperature Control and Object Motion Detection System
in the Server Room Using IOT-Based Wemos D1. Journal of
Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Applications
(JAIEA). 2023 Oct 15;3(1):323-7.

Dept. of E&CE 18 JCE Belagavi