PRO-C254
TONE GENERATOR
What is our GOAL for this CLASS?
In this class, we learned about Tone Generator
What did we ACHIEVE in the class TODAY?
● We learned about Buzzer Tone Generator
● We learned about Musical Notes & Frequency
Which CONCEPTS/ CODING BLOCKS did we cover today?
● We learned how a buzzer produces the sound and how using Music Notes and
Frequency we can convert it into Melody.
● We learned how to check the sound of the buzzer and to control it using a push
button.
● Melody is an array of notes and beats based on each note's relative length it will
lengthen or shorten the tones.
● PWM stands for PULSE WIDTH MODULATION which is used to check portion of the
time the signal spends ON versus the time that the signal spends OFF. PWM ON-OFF
pattern can simulate voltages in between the full Vcc of the board (e.g., 5 V/3.3 V ON
and OFF (0 Volts) The duration of "on time" is called the pulse width. Each note has
its own frequency, which is created by varying the period of the note vibration, which
is measured in microseconds. PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (PWM) is used to create
that vibration.
PRO-C254
How did we DO the activities?
1. Select the material
● 1 x ESP32
● 1 x Buzzer
2. Do connections:
● Click on OLED Black wire and then drag it to the ESP32 GND pin.
● Click on Buzzer Red wire and then drag it to the ESP32 Pin no 26.
3. Write the program:
● Define the setup function
● Initialize using void setup() function
PRO-C254
● Write the logic part under void loop()
4. Output:
● Compile and upload the program to the ESP32 board using Arduino IDE
● Verify the program by clicking the Tick option
● Upload the program by clicking the arrow option
● If the port is not selected, insert the USB cable in Computer’s port and select the
port.
● Make sure hardware is connected properly.
● Press the push button and the buzzer sound will be played, when its
released the buzzer will be turned off.
5. Convert the buzzer sound into a melody.
6. make an array of Melody
PRO-C254
7. click on Frequency Reference and use frequencies
8. Initialize using void setup() function
9. Define the datatypes for Buzzer, check
● Int is used for integer values,
● pinMode() configures the specified pin to behave either as input or output. Since
we want this pin for output, we are writing OUTPUT here.
○ Syntax: pinMode(pin, mode)
● pin: The pin do we need to set
● mode: Set the mode INPUT, OUTPUT,
● Serial. begin(9600) is used for data exchange speed. speed parameters. This
tells the Arduino to get ready to exchange messages with the Serial Monitor at a
data rate of 9600 bits per second. That's 9600 binary ones or zeros per second
and is commonly called a baud rate.
10. Select the material
● 1 x ESP32
● 1 x Buzzer
11. Do connections:
● Click on OLED Black wire and then drag it to the ESP32 GND pin.
● Click on Buzzer Red wire and then drag it to the ESP32 Pin no 26.
PRO-C254
12. Set the MELODY Length, tempo, pause time and rest time
● Define the datatypes, Int is used for integer values
● MAX_LENGTH is used to set the size or total time of the MELODY
● Tempo can be defined as the pace or speed at which a section of music is
played. Set the tempo
● Set the Pause time between melody
● Set the rest_length between melody
● Define the tone and variable beat and set value =0
PRO-C254
13. send the Pulse to the speaker to play a tone for a certain amount of time
● Define the variable elased_time which is used to keep the track of how long we
pulsed. long is the data type like int, the only difference is used to store large
range values.
● The BUZZER will only generate a sound when it is electrified. Now make the
BUZZER Tone HIGH OR LOW as per duration. If the tone has played less long
than 'duration' then makes the BUZZER OUTPUT HIGH.
● If the tone has played longer than 'duration' then makes the BUZZER OUTPUT
LOW.
● digitalWrite() function changes the state of the Buzzer HIGH or LOW.
● delay microseconds function stops the program for the amount of time (in
microseconds) specified by the parameter.
● Syntax: delayMicroseconds(us) us: the number of microseconds to pause.
● Keep track of the tone and how long we pulsed
● To repeat the melody after rest_count use the for loop
● Else make the Buzzer LOW
14. Call the main loop
PRO-C254
15. Output:
● Compile and upload the program to the ESP32 board using Arduino IDE
● Verify the program by clicking the Tick option
● Upload the program by clicking the arrow option
● If the port is not selected, insert the USB cable in the Computer’s port and select
the port
● Go to Tools and select Serial Monitor
● See the brightness of the LED and Value
16.We learned about RGB LED and how to fade an LED.
What’s NEXT?
In the next class, we will learn about Electronic Voting Machines.
Expand Your Knowledge
To know more about PWM click here.
