Mechanism for Generation of EPR Certificates
Background
As per Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022, Producer have the obligation of Extended Producer Responsibility for the Battery that they introduce in the
market. Extended Producer Responsibility target given in Schedule II of the Rules for the Producer will be specific to the kind of Battery (viz. Lead acid, Li-Ion,
Nickel Cadmium, Zinc based Battery, etc.) within each type of Battery- portable, automotive, industrial and electric vehicle Battery. Producer will meet their
Extended Producer Responsibility obligation through the Extended Producer Responsibility certificate made available by recycler.
The certificate for Waste Battery provided by registered Recyclers shall be provided for the type and quantity of Battery recycled and can be transacted for
meeting Extended Producer Responsibility obligations.
Extended Producer Responsibility certificates for recyclers and refurbishers shall be generated based on the weight of Waste Batteries processed and weight
of key battery material produced as per the formula given below:
Extended Producer Responsibility certificates (in kg) = Weight of the identified key battery metal(s) produced and sold from recycling of Waste Battery (in
kg)
Key Battery Material in different kind of batteries
S. No. Kind of Battery Key Metals
1. Lead Acid Lead (Pb)
Lithium (Li), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn),
2. Lithium Ion Cobalt (Co), Aluminium (Al), Iron (Fe), and
Copper (Cu)
3. Zinc - based Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), and Iron (Fe)
4. Nickel – Cadmium (Ni-Cd) Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), and Iron (Fe)
5. Others – Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) Nickel (Ni), Iron (Fe)
Composition of metals in different Kind of Battery (in %)
Percentage of Metals
Kind of Battery
Lead (Pb) Li Mn Zn Ni Co Cd Al Fe Cu
Lead Acid 60-80 0 0 0 0 0 0 <3 <3 <3
Lithium Ion 0 1-5 0-15 <1 0 - 15 0 – 20 0 5 - 25 1 - 46 2 – 18
Zinc based 0 0 15 - 30 12 - 40 0 0 0 0 - 20 15 – 40 <2
Nickel - Cadmium 0 0 0 0 18 - 30 0 10 -20 <2 25 - 35 <2
Bifurcation of key battery metals in different types of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Percentage of Metals
Different Types of
Li-Ion Batteries
Lead (Pb) Li Mn Zn Ni Co Cd Al Fe Cu
Nickel Cobalt
0 1-2 0 0 10-15 2-5 0 20-25 <1 10 - 15
Aluminium (NCA)
Lithium Manganese
0 1-2 10 - 15 0 0 0 0 20 - 25 <1 10–15
Oxide (LMO)
Nickel Manganese
0 1-2 4-8 0 12-16 8-12 0 20 - 25 5 - 10 12-18
Cobalt (NMC)
Lithium Cobalt
0 2-4 0 0 1-2 15 - 20 0 4-8 15 - 20 5 – 10
Oxide (LCO)
Lithium Iron
0 1-2 0 0 0 0 0 5 - 10 40 - 45 5 - 10
Phosphate (LFP)
EPR Certificate Generation Mechanism (Sample Calculations)
(i) Sales data for different types and kind of battery by the Producer
Target
Battery Sales Quantity Sold / Quantity as
S. No. Battery Type Target Year
Composition Year/Import Year Imported (in kg) per Rules (in
kg)
Portable battery used in consumer
1. Lithium Ion 2017-18 2022-23 1000 500
electronics which are rechargeable
2. Automotive Battery Lead Acid 2019-20 2022-23 1000 400
(ii) Key Battery metals – Composition of Kind of Battery provided by the Producer while registering and filing returns
Battery Lead Copper
Lithium (Li) Nickel (Ni) Manganese (Mn) Cobalt (Co) Aluminium (Al) Iron (Fe)
Kind (Pb) (Cu)
Lithium Ion
5% 10% 10% 20% 10% 20% 0 0
(P)
Lead Acid
0 0 0 0 0 0 65% 0
(I)
Where, P = Portable battery used in consumer electronics which are rechargeable;
I = Industrial battery
Check: Range of battery metals in different type and chemistries of battery is defined as above and accordingly check will be added so that Producer
shall not be able to fill absurd percentages of battery material
(iii) EPR Obligations for Producers
a. Target of each type of battery will be fulfilled when the EPR Certificates (in kg) of all key battery metals corresponding to the type of battery will be
procured by the Producers from recycler/s and the certificates will be submitted to CPCB through Online EPR Portal as Annual Returns.
EPR obligations will be calculated considering recovery efficiency in recovering the key battery metals.
EPR Certificates of Lithium to be procured for Lithium Ion battery (P) = Percentage of Lithium present in this battery type x Target Quantity
(in kg) of this battery type (as defined in rules) x conversion factor
= 5% x 500 x 0.75 = 18.75 kg
EPR Certificates of Nickel to be procured for Lithium Ion battery (P) = Percentage of Nickel present in this battery type x Target Quantity (in
kg) of this battery type x conversion factor
= 10% x 500 x 0.9 = 45 kg
EPR Certificates of Manganese to be procured for Lithium Ion battery (P) = Percentage of Manganese present in this battery type x Target
Quantity (in kg) of this battery type x conversion factor
= 10% x 500 x 0.9 = 45 kg
EPR Certificates of Cobalt to be procured for Lithium Ion battery (P) = Percentage of Cobalt present in this battery type x Target Quantity (in
kg) of this battery type x conversion factor
= 20% x 500 x 0.9 = 90 kg
EPR Certificates of Aluminium to be procured for Lithium Ion battery (P) = Percentage of Aluminium present in this battery type x Target
Quantity (in kg) of this battery type x conversion factor
= 10% x 500 x 0.9 = 45 kg
EPR Certificates of Iron to be procured for Lithium Ion battery (P) = Percentage of Iron present in this battery type x Target Quantity (in kg) of
this battery type x conversion factor
= 20% x 500 x 0.9 = 90 kg
Important: Conversion Factor = Quantity of recoverable metal from processing of 1 kg of battery. Conversion Factor may be considered as
0.9 for 2 years’ and may be revised from time to time. (To be discussed)
b. Certificates of available metals to be exchanged between Producer and Recycler (s)
Battery Nickel Cobalt Lead Copper
Lithium (Li) Manganese (Mn) Aluminium (Al) Iron (Fe)
Kind (Ni) (Co) (Pb) (Cu)
Lithium Ion
18.75 45 45 90 45 90 0 0
(P)
Lead Acid
0 0 0 0 0 0 234 0
(I)
(iv) Generation of EPR Certificates for recovered metals by the Recyclers
Recycler will process the Waste Battery and File Quarterly returns on the EPR Portal. Recycler will update the following data on quarterly basis through the
Online EPR Portal:
A. Waste Battery Procurement Details
B. Waste Battery Processing details
C. Quantity of individual metals recovered from processing of Waste Battery
D. Sales Data and Invoices of the Metals Sold
Procurement of Waste Batteries
‘1000’ kg of any Type of Waste Battery Procured from
Producer, Collection Centres, Any other source of Waste
Battery in a Quarter (3 monthly). Iron sold (in kg) – 150
Nickel sold (in kg) – 100
Recycling of Waste Battery Aluminium sold (in kg) – 100
Complete processing of any Type of Waste Battery for
recovery of metals Lithium sold (in kg) – 50
Cobalt sold (in kg) – 200
Other material Recovery (in kg) – 200
Hazardous Material (in kg) – 100
Manganese sold (in kg) – 100
a. EPR certificates for Iron (Fe) = Weight of Iron sold after recovery from recycling = 150 kg
b. EPR certificates for Aluminium (Al) = Weight of Aluminium sold after recovery from recycling = 100 kg
c. EPR certificates for Nickel (Ni) = Weight of Nickel sold after recovery from recycling = 100 kg
d. EPR certificates for Lithium (Li) = Weight of Lithium sold after recovery from recycling = 50 kg
e. EPR certificates for Cobalt (Co) = Weight of Cobalt sold after recovery from recycling = 200 kg
f. EPR certificates for Manganese (Mn) = Weight of Manganese sold after recovery from recycling = 100 kg
Check: EPR certificate will be generated for the quantity of recovered metal sold. Sales invoice of sold metal is
to be provided by the Recycler. After the sales of metal, the EPR certificates (in kg) will be updated in the
Recycler’s Wallet. Calculation will be based on Pure Metals (as Li, Co Ni, etc.)
Wallet of Recycler
Metals Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Aluminium Iron Lead Copper
recovered (Li) (Ni) (Mn) (Co) (Al) (Fe) (Pb) (Cu)
Quantity (in
50 100 100 200 100 150 0 0
kg)
(v) Exchange of EPR certificates between Producer and Recyclers
As per the obligations of Producer for different kind of battery, the Producer will take EPR certificates for different metals from the Recycler.
The quantity of EPR certificates traded by the Recycler will be deducted from the Wallet of the Recycler.
Certificates provided by the Recyclers to Producer
The Wallet of Recycler will be updated once the EPR certificates are exchanged.
Update Wallet of Recycler
Metals Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Aluminium Iron Lead Copper
recovered (Li) (Ni) (Mn) (Co) (Al) (Fe) (Pb) (Cu)
Quantity (in
31.25 55 55 110 55 60 0 0
kg)
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