Investigatory Project Class 12th
Aids And Hiv
Name:- AKSHIT SHERAWAT
Class:- XII GENIUS 30 B
Acknowledgement
I would like to extend my sincere and heartfelt obligation towards all those who have helped
me in making this project. Without their active guidance, help, cooperation and
encouragement, I would not have been able to present the project on time.
I am extremely thankful and pay my sincere gratitude to my
teacher DR. RAJEEV SINGH RATHOR and DR. KAVITA for
his/her valuable guidance and support for completion of this
project.
I also acknowledge with deep sense of reverence, my
gratitude towards other faculty members, my parents and
my friends for their valuable suggestions given to me in completing this project.
DATE:-
CERTIFICATE
Certified that this is the bona fide work of Akshit Sherawat of XII G30-B
of Modern Delhi International School, Greater Faridabad.
He has completed this Biology project during the academic
year 2024-2025.
→ The student’s initiative, cooperation and participation during
the practical classes was Excellent/Good.
→His content accuracy, creativity, originality and analysis of different
perception is Excellent/Good.
Teacher’s Signature
INDEX
Introduction to HIV/AIDS
History of HIV/AIDS
HIV Transmission
Symptoms of HIV/AIDS
Diagnosis of HIV
Treatment Options
Prevention Strategies
Impact on Society
Current Research and Developments
Conclusion and Future Directions
Bibliography
Introduction to HIV/AIDS
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks
the immune system, specifically CD4 cells.
If untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome), which is the
final stage of HIV infection.
Understanding HIV/AIDS is crucial for
prevention, treatment, and reducing stigma
associated with the disease.
History of HIV/AIDS
The first recognized cases of AIDS were
reported in the United States in 1981.
HIV was identified as the causative agent of
AIDS in the early 1980s.
Since then, significant advancements in
treatment and awareness have been made
globally.
HIV Transmission
HIV is transmitted through contact with
infected bodily fluids such as blood, semen, and
vaginal secretions.
Common routes of transmission include
unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles,
and from mother to child during childbirth.
Understanding transmission routes is vital for
implementing effective prevention strategies.
Symptoms of HIV/AIDS
Early symptoms of HIV infection may resemble
flu-like symptoms, including fever and fatigue.
As the disease progresses, individuals may
experience weight loss, persistent fever, and
swollen lymph nodes.
AIDS is characterized by opportunistic
infections and certain cancers due to the
severely weakened immune system.
Diagnosis of HIV
HIV is diagnosed through blood tests that detect
antibodies or the virus itself.
Common tests include the ELISA test and the
Western Blot test for confirmation.
Early diagnosis is crucial for effective
management and to prevent further
transmission.
Treatment Options
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the primary
treatment for HIV, helping to manage the virus.
ART reduces the viral load in the body,
allowing individuals to live longer and healthier
lives.
Adherence to treatment is essential for its
effectiveness and to prevent drug resistance.
Prevention Strategies
Preventive measures include using condoms
during sexual intercourse and regular testing for
sexually active individuals.
Needle exchange programs and education on
safe practices can significantly reduce
transmission risk.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a
medication that can help prevent HIV infection
in high-risk individuals.
Impact on Society
HIV/AIDS has had profound social, economic,
and health impacts worldwide.
Stigma and discrimination against individuals
living with HIV/AIDS continue to hinder
prevention and treatment efforts.
Public awareness campaigns are essential for
changing perceptions and improving access to
healthcare services.
Current Research and Developments
Ongoing research aims to find a definitive cure
and an effective vaccine for HIV/AIDS.
Studies are also exploring long-acting
treatments and innovative prevention methods.
Collaboration between governments, NGOs,
and communities is vital for advancing research
and healthcare access.
Conclusion and Future Directions
Continued education and awareness are crucial
in combating the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
With effective treatments and prevention
strategies, people living with HIV can lead
healthy lives.
Future efforts must focus on eliminating
stigma, ensuring equitable access to healthcare,
and advancing research.
Bibliography
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC). (2023). HIV Basics.
2. World Health Organization (WHO). (2023).
HIV/AIDS.
3. UNAIDS. (2023). Global AIDS Update
2023.
4. National Institutes of Health (NIH). (2023).
HIV/AIDS Research.
5. Kumar, A., & Singh, P. (2022).
Understanding HIV/AIDS: A Comprehensive
Guide.
6.Biology 12th NCERT,CBSE
