BALLARI BUSINESS COLLEGE

ASSIGNMENT
TOPIC : WATER CONSERVATION

SUBJECT : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

SUBMITTED TO : ASMA MAM

SUBMITTED BY : BHARAT KUMAR ( 142 )

MUKESH CHOUDHARY ( 150 )

SUBMISSION DATE : 10TH JULY, 2023

Water Conservation
Preserving Our Most Precious Resource
 Introduction
• Water, the essence of life, is a precious and finite resource
that sustains every living being on our planet. However, the
growing demands of a changing world have put immense
pressure on water availability.
• This is where water conservation steps onto the stage as a
powerful and essential solution.
• Water conservation is the mindful and sustainable
management of water resources to ensure their availability
for future generations. It involves adopting practices that
minimize water waste, promote efficient usage, and protect
the quality of our water sources.
 Why water conservation is
important ?
• Ensuring access to clean water for present and future
generations.
• Mitigating water scarcity and preserving water availability.
• Protecting ecosystems and maintaining biodiversity.
• Preserving agricultural productivity and ensuring food security.
• Adapting to the impacts of climate change, such as droughts
and floods.
• Reducing energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas
emissions.
• Saving money through lower water bills and operational costs.
 What is water footprint
• Water footprint is a measure of the total volume of freshwater used directly and
indirectly in the production and consumption of goods and services by individuals,
communities, or organizations.
• It helps us understand how much water is involved in making the products we buy and
the services we use.
Types
• There are three types of water footprints:
1.Green Water Footprint: This refers to the water consumed by plants during their growth
through rainfall or natural moisture in the soil.
2.Blue Water Footprint: This represents the water extracted from rivers, lakes, or
underground sources for various purposes like irrigation, industry, and household use.
3.Grey Water Footprint: This measures the amount of water needed to dilute and treat the
wastewater produced during manufacturing or other activities.

In short, the water footprint helps us understand how much water is used to make the
things we use, and it encourages us to be mindful of our water consumption and make
choices that promote water conservation.
 Techniques for water conservation
Indoor water conservation Outdoor water conservation
1. Fix Leaks: Repair any leaky faucets, toilets, or pipes 1. Water Plants Wisely: Water plants during the cooler
promptly to prevent water wastage. parts of the day to reduce evaporation. Use a drip
irrigation system or a soaker hose for targeted
2. Install Water-Efficient Fixtures: Install low-flow watering.
showerheads, faucet aerators, and dual-flush toilets
to reduce water usage without sacrificing 2. Choose Native and Drought-Resistant Plants: Opt for
functionality. plants that are adapted to the local climate,
requiring less water to thrive.
3. Shorten Shower Time: Take shorter showers to
minimize water consumption. Consider using a 3. Mulch Garden Beds: Apply a layer of mulch around
shower timer as a reminder. plants to reduce evaporation and maintain soil
moisture.
4. Turn Off Taps: Turn off the tap while brushing teeth,
washing hands, or lathering dishes to avoid 4. Adjust Sprinkler Systems: Ensure sprinklers are
unnecessary water flow. properly adjusted to avoid watering sidewalks,
driveways, or other non-landscaped areas.
5. Use Dishwashers and Washing Machines Efficiently:
Run full loads in dishwashers and washing machines 5. Harvest Rainwater: Install rain barrels or cisterns to
to optimize water usage. collect rainwater for use in watering plants or
cleaning outdoor spaces.
6. Collect and Reuse Water: Capture and reuse water
from activities like washing fruits and vegetables or 6. Use Brooms for Cleaning: Instead of using water for
waiting for hot water to reach a desired cleaning outdoor areas like patios and driveways,
temperature. use brooms or sweepers.
 Case studies
Example of cities who have faced problem of water scarcity

1.Cape Town, South Africa: Cape Town faced the possibility of reaching Day
Zero during the severe drought period between 2015 and 2018. The city
implemented strict water restrictions, public awareness campaigns, and
emergency measures to avert the crisis. Through water conservation efforts
and improved rainfall, Day Zero was ultimately avoided.
2.Chennai, India: Chennai, the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu,
experienced a water crisis in 2019. The city faced acute water shortages due
to a combination of drought, depleted groundwater resources, and
inadequate water management. While the condition did not officially reach
Day Zero, the crisis led to water rationing, tankers supplying water, and
increased emphasis on water conservation.
 Challenges and Future Outlook of
water conservation
Challenges Future Outlook
1. Growing Water Demand: The demand for water is rising 1. Water Efficiency Technologies: Smart water
rapidly due to population growth, urbanization, and management systems, such as sensor-based irrigation,
industrialization. Meeting the water needs of a growing real-time monitoring, and data analytics, can optimize
population poses a significant challenge, especially in water use in agriculture, industries, and households,
regions already facing water stress. reducing waste and improving efficiency.
2. Climate Change: Climate change affects rainfall 2. Water Recycling and Reuse: Implementing strategies for
patterns, leading to droughts and erratic precipitation. wastewater treatment and reuse can help alleviate
This exacerbates water scarcity issues and makes water water scarcity. Technologies like membrane filtration,
resource management more challenging. Rising reverse osmosis, and advanced oxidation processes
temperatures also increase evaporation rates, further enable the purification of wastewater to meet various
reducing available water supplies. non-potable water needs.
3. Water Pollution: Pollution from industrial activities, 3. Desalination: Desalination, the process of converting
agriculture, and urban runoff contaminates water seawater into freshwater, is becoming more viable and
bodies, making them unsuitable for human cost-effective.
consumption and ecological health. Treating polluted
water is expensive and often energy-intensive. 4. Policy and Regulation: Governments and regulatory
bodies play a crucial role in water conservation.
4. Inefficient Water Management: Many regions lack Implementing effective water management policies,
efficient water management systems, resulting in water incentivizing water-efficient practices, and promoting
losses through leakage, inefficient irrigation practices, sustainable water use through regulations and pricing
and lack of water recycling and reuse strategies. mechanisms can drive conservation efforts.
Improving water infrastructure and implementing
efficient technologies is essential. 5. Community Engagement and Education: Increasing
public awareness about the importance of water
5. Lack of Awareness and Behavioral Change: Many conservation through educational campaigns and
individuals and communities are unaware of the community engagement programs can lead to
importance of water conservation or lack the motivation significant behavioral changes. Encouraging water-
to change their water-use behaviors. Raising awareness saving practices at the individual and community levels
and promoting water-saving habits is crucial for is essential for long-term conservation.
sustainable water use.
 Conclusion
In conclusion, water conservation is our key to a sustainable
future. By saving water today, we ensure a better tomorrow.
Let's make every drop count and create a ripple effect of
change. Together, we can protect our most precious resource
and secure a thriving world for generations to come. Join the
water conservation movement and be a part of the solution.