Meaning
• Educational objectives are the statements of those changes in behaviour
which are desired as a result of specific learner and teacher activity.
Behavior
• What the student should know or be able to do at the end of the teaching-
learning activity.
• Includes knowledge, ability, skill, attitude, appreciation & interest (result of
teaching learning activity).
II. Definition of Educational Objectives
“ Education objectives are the result sought by the learner at the end of the
educational program, i.e. what the students should be able to do at the end
of a learning period, that they could not do beforehand ” (Sir. J J Gilbert).
III. Importance
The educational objectives are:
A. Expressions of what a teacher hopes his / her students can accomplish as
a result of his/her teaching.
B. Policy statements of direction and provides foundation of the entire
educative structure.
C. The statement, which express specifically and in measurable terms,
IV. Purposes of Educational Objectives
1. Preparing Teaching / Learning program
2. Facilitates Course planning
3. Communicates desirable emphasis of treatment
4. Provides for selective approach
5. Helps in Curriculum design
6. Facilitates Evaluation
7. Facilitates Learning
V. Qualities of Educational Objective / Specific Objectives
1. Measurable
2. Unequivocal
3. Feasible
4. Logical
5. Observable
6. Relevant
VII. Elements of Specific Objectives
1. Activity - Appropriate action verb to be used.
2. Content - What is to be implemented or performed.
3. Condition - With or without help of equipment, books, specimens
reports etc.
4. Criteria - Minimum level of performance.
VIII. Types or Classifications of Educational Objectives
A. According to Gilbert
B. According to Bloom Taxonomical
C. According to Hedgerken
D. According to Person
Taxonomy of Objectives
I. Meaning
• Taxonomy is the branch of science concerned with classification; it’s a
scheme of classification.
• Comes from two Greek Word ‘taxis’ means ‘arrangement’ and ‘Nomos’
means ‘Science’, thus ‘Science of arrangements’.
• ‘Domain’ simply means ‘Category’.
II Historical Development
In 1948 – American Psychological Association – Called for the clear cut need
of educational objectives.
• In 1956 - Under the leadership of Educational Psychologist Dr. Benjamin
Samuel Bloom and his associates developed a system of classification of
objectives called Bloom’s Taxonomy / Taxonomy of Educational Objectives.
• 1956 - Cognitive domain, 1964 – Affective domain and 1966 – 1972
Psychomotor Domain.
Later, in 2001 – The Taxonomy of Educational Objectives has been revised by
Lorin, Anderson as Taxonomy of Teaching, Learning and Assessment
III Definition
“ Bloom’s Taxonomy is a hierarchical classification system
used to define and distinguish different levels of human
cognition i.e. thinking, learning, and understanding”.
“A systematic organization of objectives into three domains to help the
teachers in precise formulation and evaluates the result of a system of
education, helps students to prepare for examinations to obtain the desired
end results”.
IV Aims
• To promote higher forms of thinking in education rather than just
remembering facts (rote learning).
• To categorize a continuum of educational objectives.
• To look at the intellectual, psychological as well as motor skills of the
learner in the field of education.
• To select (helps to select) appropriate classroom assessment techniques for
any course.
V. Advantages of Taxonomy
1. To help teachers formulate the educational objectives clearly
2. To give clear cut guidelines to avoid ambiguity in statement
of objective.
3. To enable educators to communicate among each others
4. Evaluation of the result of system of education.
5. Collective work is made possible.
6. To solve problems regarding a practicability.
7. To construct test items in examination
8. As research tool in education and evaluation.
VI. Types or Classifications of Educational Objectives in Taxonomy
1. Cognitive Domain
2. Affective Domain
3. Psychomotor Domain
Based on 3 H- Head, Heart, and Hand.
Taxonomical Classification of Objectives with Levels (1956)
A. Cognitive Domain (1956)
L-1 = Knowledge (Remember)
L-2 = Comprehension (Understand)
L – 3 = Application (APPLY)
L- 4 = Analysis (Analyze)
L-5 = Synthesis (Create)
L – 6 = Evaluation (Evaluate)
B. Affective Domain
L-1 = Receiving
L-2 = Responding
L – 3 = Valuing
L- 4 = Organization
L – 5 = Characterization
C. Psychomotor
L-1 = Perception
L-2 = Set
L – 3 = Guided Response
L- 4 = Mechanism
L-5 = Complex Overt Response
L – 6 = Adaptation
l- 7= Origination
To be continued in the next video…..
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