ICSE Board

Class X History and Civics

Board Paper – 2014
Time: 2 hrs Total Marks: 80

General Instructions:
1. Answers to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of the paper is the time allotted for writing the answers.
5. Attempt all questions from Part I (compulsory) and any five questions from Part II, two
out of three questions from Section A and three out of five questions from Section B .
6. The intended marks of questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART I (30 Marks)

Attempt all questions from this Part

Question 1
a) Who administers the oath of office to the Council of Ministers? [1]
b) Why is the Rajya Sabha called a 'Permanent house'? [1]
c) State the minimum number of times the Lok Sabha must meet in a year. [1]
d) State the composition of the Electoral College for the election of the President of India.
[1]
e) What is an 'Ordinance'? When can it be passed? [1]
f) Mention one way by which the authority of the Prime Minister can be checked? [1]
g) What is understood by the term 'Individual Responsibility' in a Parliamentary
Democracy? [1]
h) What is meant by a 'Single Integrated Judicial System' as provided in the Indian
Constitution? [1]
i) What is the 'Appellate Jurisdiction' of the High Court? [1]
j) State one point of distinction between the District Judge and the Sessions Judge. [1]

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Question 2
a) State any two political causes responsible for the First War of Independence. [2]
b) What was the role of the press in promoting nationalistic sentiments amongst the
Indians? [2]
c) Mention two important contributions of Lala Lajpat Rai. [2]
d) What were the two basic reasons responsible for the Surat Split in 1907 between the
Early Nationalists and the Assertive Nationalists? [2]
e) Mention any one provision each of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed in 1931. [2]
f) State two important objectives of the Indian National Army. [2]
g) Name the three members of the Cabinet Mission. [2]
h) Mention any two terms of the Treaty of Versailles signed On June 28, 1919. [2]
i) State two factors which were responsible for the failure of the League of Nations. [2]
j) Mention two functions of the General Assembly. [2]

PART II (50 Marks)

SECTION A
Attempt any two questions from this Section
Question 3
With reference to the Indian Parliament, explain the following:
a) The tenure of the members of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. [2]
b) The composition of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. [4]
c) Its powers to make laws on subjects mentioned in the
i. Union List
ii. Concurrent List. [4]

Question 4
The Cabinet holds a pivotal position in the working of the Indian Parliamentary Government.
In this context discuss the following:
a) The formation of the Cabinet. [2]
b) Any two administrative powers of the Cabinet. [4]
c) Any two legislative powers of the Cabinet. [4]

Question 5
With reference to the Supreme Court, explain its functions stated below:
a) Original Jurisdiction. [3]
b) Advisory Function. [3]
c) As a guardian of Fundamental Rights. [4]
 SECTION B
Attempt any three questions from this Section

Question 6
The establishment of the Indian National Congress led to the development of the National
Movement in India. In this context answer the following:
a) When was the Indian National Congress established? Who presided over its first
session? [2]
b) What were the four aims of the Congress? [4]
c) Mention four basic beliefs of the Early Nationalists. [4]

Question 7
In the Nagpur session, 1920, the Congress ratified the resolution to launch the Non-
Cooperation movement under the leadership of Gandhiji. In this context:
a) What do you understand by the term Non-Cooperation? [2]
b) What were the objectives which the movement sought to achieve? [3]
c) Explain the impact of the Non-Cooperation movement in India's struggle for freedom.
[5]
Question 8

With reference to the picture given above answer the following:

a) Identify the Viceroy in the picture. [1]
b) Why was he sent to India? [2]
c) How did he plan to solve the communal problem existing in India? [2]
d) Why did the Congress accept the Plan? State three reasons to justify its acceptance. [5]
Question 9
With reference to the causes of the Second World War answer the following:
a)
i. Explain how the ideologies of Fascism and Nazism led to the Second World War. [3]
ii. How did the Japanese invasion of China create conditions for the outbreak of the
war? [3]
b) Explain the consequences of the war with reference to the formation of the
United Nations. [4]

Question 10
With reference to the Non-Aligned Movement, explain the following:
a) 'Non-Alignment'. [2]
b) Two factors responsible for its formation. [4]
c) Role of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. [4]
 ICSE Paper 2016
History and Civics

(Two Hours)
Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
Attempt all questions from Part I (Compulsory). A total of five questions are to
be attempted from Part II; two out of three questions from Section
A and three out of five questions from Section B.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART I (30 Marks)

Attempt all questions from this Part.

Question 1:
(a) What is meant by ‘Residuary Powers’ of the Parliament ? [1]
(b) What is the normal term of office of the Lok Sabha ? [1]
(c) State any one subject wherein the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha enjoy co-equal
powers in legislation of laws. [1]
(d) Who presides over the meeting of the Rajya Sabha in the absence of the Vice-
President of India ? [1]
(e) By whom and on whose advice are the Council of Ministers appointed ? [1]
(f) Name the official procedure by which the President can be removed. [1]
(g) Mention any one important occasion when the President addresses a Joint Session
of Parliament. [1]
(h) Name the highest Civil Court in a District. [1]
(i) What is meant by the term ‘Judicial Review’ of the High Court ? [1]
(j) What is meant by ‘Lok Adalat’ ? [1]

Answer:
(a) The Parliament can make laws with respect to all those matter which are not
mentioned in any of the three lists-the union list, the state list and the concurrent list.

(b) 5 years.
(c) The Union Parliament has co-equal powers with the State Legislatures over the 47
subjects mentioned in the concurrent list.

1. If there is a conflict between the laws passed by the Union Parliament and a State
Legislature on the subject mentioned in the concurrent list, the law passed by the
Union Government prevails.
2. In all the matters of the legislation including the constitutional amendment, the
extent of the Rajya Sabha’s power is same as that of the Lok Sabha.
3. All bills other than the money bills may be introduced in either house and follow
the same procedure. (any one)

(d) Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha who is elected from amongst its members,
presides over the meeting of the Rajya Sabha in the absence of the Vice-President of
India.

(e) President of India appoints Council of Ministers on the advice of Prime Minister of
India.

(f) Impeachment.

(g) If there is deadlock between the two houses while passing an Ordinary bill in the
parliament, the President calls for joint session of both the houses.

(h) Court of the District Judge.

(i) The High Court has the power to exercise Judicial Review and judge the validity of
law.
If any law, executive order of any ordinance passed by the state legislature or any
authority infringes the fundamental rights or contravenes any provision of the
constitution the High court can declares it null and void.

(j) Lok Adalat means The People Court. These courts were set up to provide legal aid
and quick justice to those who are not in a position to engage lawyers or bear the
expenses of the legal proceeding. This eliminated high costs and delay in imparting
Justice.

Question 2:
(a) What impact did the uprising of 1857 have on the Mughal Rule ? [2]
(b) Name the Presidents who presided over the first two Sessions of the Indian National
Congress. [2]
(c) State two reasons given by Lord Curzon to justify the Partition of Bengal. [2]
(d) Name the famous Pact that demonstrated the unity between the Congress and the
Muslim League. When was it signed ? [2]
(e) Why was the Congress session held at Lahore in 1929 significant to the National
Movement ? [2]
(f) Mention any two contributions of the IN A to the National Movement. [2]
(g) Why was Mountbatten’s Plan finally accepted by the Congress ? [2]
(h) What made Japan surrender to the Allies in August 1945 ? [2]
(i) State the full forms of the following agencies of the United Nations : UNICEF and
UNESCO. [2]
(j) Give any two examples of Human Rights violations. [2]

Answer:
(a) The Mughal Empire which had lost its prestige after the life imprisonment of
Bahadur Shah, was completely wiped out as an impact of the uprising of 1857.

(b) First session of Indian National Congress was presided by W.C. Banneijee in
Mumbai in 1885.
Second session of India National Congress was presided by Dadabhai Naoroji in
Kolkata in 1886.

(c) Lord Curzons Argument: The area of Bengal was too large and it was difficult for the
British to administer efficiently. Secondly, to divide bengalis on religious and territorial
ground to weaken the growing nationalism in Bengal. Hence according to Lord Curzon,
Partition of Bengal was a administrative necessity.

(d) Lucknow pact demonstrated the unity between the congress and the Muslim
League. It was signed in 1916.

(e) The Lahore session was considered historic because under the guidance of
congress president Jawaharlal Nehru a resolution for Pooma Swaraj (complete
independence), was passed in this session. It was in this session, the Indian National
Flag was hoisted and the pledge for independence was taken by the Leaders of the
congress.

(f) Contributions of INA:

1. The INA along with Japanese army overran many territories in south east asia.
They captured the strong military post klang Klang.
2. They gave tough fight to the british forces in assam hills and captured Ukhral and
Kohima. The heroic acts of INA inspired Indians.

(g) The Congress accepted the Mountbatten plan due to following reasons:
 1. The Muslim League had obstructed the smooth functioning of the Interim
Government earlier so it was difficult for Congress to accept it as an ally in
Government.
2. A smaller united and strong India was better than a big but weak country.
3. Large scale communal riots and loss of lives and property had clearly shown that
much more bloodshed will occur if partition was done.
4. Any further delay in the transfer of power could bring civil war in India as British
were instigating the rulers of the native states for freedom.
5. The Congress felt that partition would do away with communal electorates and
other undemocratic procedures. (any two)

(h) Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by United State caused significant damage to
these cities of Japan. Huge number of casualties caused by the bombs dropped on
these cities which made Japan to surrender to the Allies in August 1945.

(i) UNICEF—United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.

UNESCO—United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation.

(j) Human right violated in Afghanistan. For example :

1. The women were under almost permanent “House Arrest”. They could not move
out of the houses. If at all they moved out, they had to wear burqa.
2. The film or T.V. set was taboo in Afghanistan, as education in subject other than
what is written in Islamic scriptures is prohibited.

PART II (50 Marks)

SECTION A

Attempt any two questions from this Section.

Question 3:
With reference to the Union Legislature, answer the following questions:
(a) How is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha elected ? State two Disciplinary Functions of
the Speaker. [3]
(b) Explain two conditions under which a member of Parliament can be disqualified
under the Anti-Defection Law. [3]
(c) Give reasons to justify why the Lok Sabha is considered to be more powerful than
the Rajya Sabha. [4]

Answer:
(a) The speaker of the Lok Sabha is elected from among its own members soon after
the newly elected house meets for the first time.
Functions:

1. The speaker preside over the meetings of the house. All speeches and remarks
are addressed to the speaker.
2. He allots time for the discussion and decides who shall have the floor.
3. The speaker maintains order in the house when members become unruly, he may
order them to withdraw or can adjourn the house.

(b)

1. Members belonging to any political party shall be disqualified for being a member
of House, if he has voluntarily given up his membership of such political party.
2. Nominated members of a house shall be disqualified for being a member of the
house, if he joins any political party after the expiry of six months from the date on
which he takes his seat.

(c) Lok Sabha is considered to be more powerful than the Rajya Sabha because:

1. Motions of No confidence against the government can only be introduced and

passed in the Loksabha if passed the prime minister and his council will resign
hence Rajya Sabha has no real power.
2. The money bills are introduced only in the Lok Sabha. Referring money bills to the
Rajya Sabha is a mere constitutional formality.
3. The council of Ministers is responsible only to Lok Sabha.

Question 4:
The President of India is the Constitutional Head of the Indian Republic.
In this context, answer the following questions:
(a) How is the President elected ? [3]
(b) Mention three types of Emergencies that the President is empowered to
proclaim. [3]
(c) Explain briefly any four ‘Executive Powers’ of the President. [4]

Answer:
(a) The President is elected by the members of an Electoral College consisting of the
elected members of both Houses of Parliament and of the Legislative Assemblies of
the states and the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry.

(b) (i) National Emergency: It is declared when president of India is satisfied that the
security of India or any part there of is threatened or is likely to be threatened by war or
external aggression.
(ii) Financial Emergency: It is declared when financial stability or credit of India is
threatened.
(iii) Constitutional Emergency: It is declared when the government of a state cannot run
according to the provisions of the constitution or when a state government is unable to
carry out the directions of the Union government due to a political deadlock or failure.

(c) Executives powers of the President:

1. Power to appoint and remove the High Dignitaries of the state like Attorney—
General of India, Auditor-General of India, chief justice and judges of the Supreme
Courts and the High Courts, etc.
2. Administration of Union Territories and Border Areas.
3. President is the head of all Union officials. All executive orders are issued in the
name of the President.
4. Control over the State Governments during President’s rule.

Question 5:
The Supreme Court has an extensive jurisdiction. In the light of this statement, answer
the following questions:
(a) What are the qualifications of the judges of the Supreme Court ? [3]
(b) (i) Explain the composition of the Supreme Court. [3]
(ii) How are the Judges of the Supreme Court appointed ?
(c) Explain the cases in which the Supreme Court enjoys Original Jurisdiction? [4]

Answer:
(a) Qualification of the Judges of the Supreme Court:

1. He or she must be a citizen of India.

2. He or she should have been, for at least ten years, an advocate of a High Court or
of two or more such courts in succession.
3. He or she should have worked as a Judge of a High Court continuously for at least
five years.
4. He or she should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President.

(b) (i) Composition: The Supreme Court of India consists of a Chief Justice of India and
not more than twenty five other judges, until Parliament by law prescribes a larger
number. The chief justice of the Supreme Court with the prior consent of the President
may appoint some judges to the Supreme Court on an adhoc (temporary) basis.
(ii) Every judge of the Supreme Court is appointed by the President in consultation with
the Chief Justice and such other Judges of the Supreme Court or High Courts as he
may deem necessary for this purpose.
(c) Original Jurisdiction: The Original Jurisdiction extends to those cases which
Supreme Court has authority to hear and decide in the first instance. The Supreme
Court in its original jurisdiction in following cases—

1. Dispute between Govt, of India and/or more states.

2. Dispute between two or more states.
3. Dispute between Union and any state on one side and other states on the other.
4. The Supreme Court entertains suits for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
5. Original Jurisdiction extends to such cases in which interpretation of constitution
is involved.

SECTION B

Attempt any three questions from this Section.

Question 6:
Explain the Causes of the Great Revolt of 1857, with reference to the following:
(a) Any three Political Causes. [3]
(b) Any three Military Causes. [3]
(c) Any four Economic Causes. [4]

Answer:
(a) Political Causes:

1. The British policy of territorial annexations led to the displacement of a large

number of rulers and chiefs. The vigorous application of the policies of Subsidiary
Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse angered the ruling sections of the society. Rani
Lakshmi Bai and Nana Sahib became bitter enemies of the British and led to the
revolt in their respective territories.
2. The annexation of Awadh, on grounds of misgovernment, was greatly resented.
The Nawabs of Awadh had always been loyal to the British. The annexation was
widely seen as a blatant act of back-stabbing by the British. It deeply hurt the
sentiments of the Company’s sepoys because most of them came from Awadh.
3. Moreover, even under the new regime, the people of Awadh got no relief from
oppression. Peasants had to pay even higher revenue and additional taxes were
imposed.
4. The British provided no alternative source of employment to the people who lost
their jobs due to the dissolution of the Nawab’s administration. (any three)

(b) Military Causes:

1. Low salary and poor prospects of promotion.

 2. Disproportion between Indian and British troops.
3. Social distance between officers and Indian soldiers.
4. Loss of British prestige in Afghan War.
5. General Service Enlistment Act by which Indians enlisted in British Army could be
sent overseas. (any three)

(c) Economic Causes:

1. The British Government restrictions on the import of Indian textiles besides

imposing heavy import duties on such goods.
2. India was forced to export raw materials like raw cotton and raw silk at cheaper
rates that the British industries needed urgently; plantation products (like indigo,
tea); and food grains which were in short supply in Britain.
3. The British Company confiscated the jagirs of many landlords and taluqars.
4. The British traders, after the conquest of Bengal, began to purchase raw material
for their industries in England from the surplus revenues of Bengal causing drain
of wealth from India to England.

Question 7:
Through various National Movements, Gandhiji mobilised public support to win
freedom for India. In this context, state the following:
(a) Any three causes for Gandhi to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement ? [3]
(b) The name given to the uprising of 1942. Two reasons for launching this mass
uprising. [3]
(c) The impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement in India’s freedom struggle. [4]

Answer:
(a) Reasons launching to the Non-cooperation Movement are:

1. In 1918, those peasants who had been facing the effects of famine and drought
resorted to Satyagraha to have their demands fulfilled. In 1918-1919 Ahmedabad
mill workers strike also received Gandhi’s support. These movements of local
character brought Gandhi closer to the life of the people. He would now think of
challenging the total authority of the Government.
2. The Rowlatt Act was passed in March 1919 to curb the growing nationalist
upsurge in the country as this act gave enormous power to the police to search a
place and arrest any person they disapproved of without warrant.
3. During a protest meeting in Amritsar against Rowlatt Act, the military commander
of Amritsar, General O’Dyer ordered firing on a peaceful and unarmed gathering in
which 1200 people got killed and 300 got injured, which shocked Gandhiji and he
decided to stop co-operation with the British Government at all levels.

(b) Quit India movement.

Reasons:
 1. Failure of the Cripps Mission: The failure of the Cripps Mission left no meeting
ground between the Congress and the government. It was clear from the
proposals that the government was not willing to grant independence in the near
future. The Indians were also not happy at the proposals of Cripps Mission
because proposals contained within them provisions which could divide India into
hundreds of independent provinces.
2. The communal situation was worsening day-by-day. The Muslim League was
demanding a separate state i.e., Pakistan, because all the leaders of the League
proclaimed that Muslims could not expect any justice at the hands of the
congress. This spoiled the communal situation.

(c) Impact of the Movement:

1. The movement provided a base to the Congress Gandhi mobilised masses in this
movement. All sections of society—peasants, workers, lawyers, students,
moneyed classes, women and oppressed people participated in their struggle for
freedom.
2. The movement undermined the power and prestige of the British Government. It
created an anti British feeling in the country.
3. Repression failed to crush the spirit of the people. The movement made the
people bold and patriotic.
4. Gandhi was determined to emancipate the poor and the oppressed. Removal of
untouchability and promotion of Khadi became essential tool in Gandhi’s struggle
against British rule. Message of Swadeshi was spread.
5. Another positive achievement was that the movement set the scene of Hindu
Muslim unity. Never before any movement received the willing support of Hindus
and Muslims alike.

Question 8:
The Partition of Bengal and the Formation of the Muslim League were two important
events that had its impact on the National Struggle for Independence. In this context,
explain the following:
(a) Impact of Swadeshi and Boycott movements as part of the Anti-Partition
Movement. [3]
(b) Any three factors leading to the formation of the Muslim League. [3]
(c) Objectives of the Muslim League. [4]

Answer:
(a) The impact of Swadeshi and Boycott movement:
The anti partition movement gave a new impetus to the concepts of Swadeshi and
Boycott.
These movements began in 1905 as part of the agitation against the partition of Bengal,
when the meeting and procession failed to create any tangible result. So these
movements were started with a view to accelerate the pace of the freedom struggle.
The main aim was to revive the popularity of the indigenous goods, to Boycott foreign
goods, to promote Indian Industries and to provide employment to craftsmen. Swadeshi
was a weapon forged by the people to achieve industrial and economic regeneration.
The boycott movement had a comprehensive programme and included not only the
exclusion of British good but also renunciation of titles and Government posts and the
boycott of council and school. Swadeshi mean “of one’s own country”. It aimed at the
promotion of indigenous industries for strengthening the nation. Boycott Movement
meant abstaining from the purchase of “British Goods”.

(b) (i) After the revolt of 1857 and the partition of Bengal, the Britishers saw the unity
between the Hindus and Muslims. To check the growth of nationalism, they encouraged
the formation of Muslim League.
(ii) The working of Indian National Congress also gave a setback to the British
government. They wanted to create an organisation which could check the popularity of
the Congress.

(c) The objectives of the Muslim League:

1. To promote feelings of loyalty among Indian Muslims towards the British

Government.
2. To protect the political and other rights of the Muslims and present them before
the Government in mild language.
3. To promote friendly feelings between Muslims and other communities of India
without any harm to the objectives of the League.
4. One of the main objectives of the Muslim League was to keep the Muslim
intelligence away from the mainstream of National Movement.

Question 9:
(a) Identify the leader in the picture. Give two examples to state that the leader followed
an expansionist policy. [3]

(b) State three factors that led to the rise of Fascism. [3]
(c) State four similarities between the ideologies of Nazism and Fascism. [4]

Answer:
(a) Benito Mussolini.

Examples:
(i) Mussolini used to proclaim, “Italy must expand or perish.” He wanted to acquire
colonies for the country to satisfy nationalist urge and for the economic interests.
(ii) Mussolini annexed Ethiopia (Abyssinia) in 1936 and also Abenia.

(b) Circumstances that led to the rise of Fascism:

1. Discontentment after the treaty of Versailles: Italy had joined the Anglo- French
alliance against Germany and her allies in the First World War as Britain had
promised large chunks of territory after their victory. However the promise went
unkempt to a certain extent. She had only two islands in the Adriatic and Aegean
seas. Among Italians there was a feeling of being let down.
2. Economic crises in Germany and Italy, heavy losses, unemployment, shortage of
food grains. At the end of the war, thousands of soldiers in Italy had become
unemployed. Industrialization had not progressed and unemployment was on the
rise. Even the unemployed working class felt the pinnacle of inflation with low
wages and poor working conditions. There were frequent strikes and agrarian
riots.
 3. Political instability in Germany and Italy: Democracy was introduced in Italy in
1919, Collision Government, different parties and different polices, No continuity
policies. Similar conditions existed even in Germany.
4. Class conflict: The real issue in most part of Europe was whether control of
Government and economic system would continue in the possession of
aristocracies or they would be in the hands of less privileged majorities.
5. Threat of communism: The communists inflamed the atmosphere with
revolutionary ideas.
6. Failure of the League of Nations: Failed to check the rise of dictatorships. (any
three)

(c) The four similarities between Fascism and Nazism are:

1. Both Mussolini and Hitler aimed at restoring the status and dignity of their nations
by making them strong powers.
2. Both aimed at providing strong, stable and efficient Governments.
3. Both uphold one party and one man rule, to believe in aggression, to glorify war,
anti-democracy.
4. Both have faith in totalitarian rule.

Question 10:
With reference to the United Nations and its related Agencies, answer the following
questions:
(a) Explain any three functions of the WHO. [3]
(b) State the composition of the International Court of Justice. [3]
(c) State any four functions of the General Assembly. [4]

Answer:
(a) Functions of WHO:

1. To make efforts to bring improvement in the fields of primary health care,

sanitation, safe drinking water, environmental hygiene etc.
2. To arrange periodical conferences and seminars in order to train personnel from
different countries in techniques for combating diseases.
3. It lays down standards regarding the strength and purity of medicines. It has
already set standards for many drugs including biological products.

(b) Composition of International Court of Justice:

1. The court consists of 15 Judges each separately chosen by the security council
and General Assembly of these, those 15 persons who are chosen by majority
vote in both bodies are elected the judges of the court.
 2. The court elects its President and Vice President for a three year term. They may
when their term expires be re-elected.
3. The court has power to appoint its registrar.

(c) The functions of the General Assembly:

1. To discuss matters relating to international peace and security.

2. To promote friendly relations amongst nations.
3. The development and codification of International Law.
4. To make recommendations for peaceful settlement by any situation.
5. To receive and consider reports from the Security Council and other organs of the
UN.
6. To ensure co-operation in matters of safeguarding human rights and fundamental
freedom for all.
7. To promote international co-operation and friendship.
8. To consider and approve the UN Budget and to determine the amount of funds to
be contributed by the member nations.
9. To elect the judges of the International Court of Justice.
10. To appoint the Secretary General of the General Assembly on the
recommendations of the Security Council. (Any four)
 ICSE Paper 2018
History and Civics

General Instructions :

• Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.

• You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
• This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
• The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the
answers.
• Attempt all questions from Part I (Compulsory). A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II, two out of three questions from Section A and three out of
five questions from Section B.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART – 1 [30 MARKS]

Attempt all questions from this Part

Question 1.
(a) Name the bill that cannot originate in the Rajya Sabha. [1]
(b) What is meant by the term ‘quorum’? [1]
(c) What is the maximum gap allowed between the two Parliamentary sessions ? [1]
(d) Who administers the oath of office to the Council of Ministers ? [1]
(e) What is an Ordinance? [1]
(f) State any one reason why the President is elected indirectly. [1]
(g) State any one administrative function of the Cabinet. [1]
(h) Name any two writs issued by the Supreme Court. [1]
(i) Name the highest criminal court in a district. [1]
(j) What is meant by Lok Adalats ? [1]

Answers :
(a) Money Bill.
(b) A quorum is the minimum number of members required to be present in the Lok
Sabha/Rajya Sabha before a meeting is allowed to begin. One tenth of the total
members of the Lok Sabha/Rajya Sabha must be present at the beginning of a sitting of
the House, including the Presiding Officer.
(c) Six months.
(d) President.
(e) An Ordinance is a Presidential decree having authority of law.
(f) The President is the Chief Executive in India. He is elected indirectly because : He,
being a constitutional head, ought to be elected indirectly as directly elected member
cannot become a Constitutional head.
(g) The whole administration of the state is run by the Cabinet.
(h) The Supreme Court can issue following writs :
(a) Writ of Habeas Corpus
(b) Writ of Mandamus
(i) The highest criminal court is the court of the Session Judge.
(j) A Lok Adalat means “People’s Court”. It encourages the settlement of disputes
through compromise between two parties.

Question 2.
(a) Mention any two economic factors responsible for the growth of nationalism in
India. [2]
(b) Name the two Presidents under whom the first two sessions of the Indian National
Congress were held. [2]
(c) Name the nationalist who said, ‘Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it’. State any
one of his contributions to the National Movement. [2]
(d) State any two objectives of the Muslim League. [2]
(e) State any two causes that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930. [2]
(f) Name the last Viceroy of India. State any one of the provisions of the Indian
Independence Act of 1947. [2]
(g) Give any two similarities between the ideologies of Nazism and Fascism. [2]
(h) Name the countries that formed the Axis Bloc, during World War II. [2]
(i) Give the full form of UNESCO. [2]
(j) State any two principles of ‘Panchsheel’ in the Non-Aligned Movement. [2]

Answers:
(a) (i) Poor condition of village economy .
(ii) Poor condition of Handicrafts.

(b) (i) 1st session was presided by W.C. Bannerjee.

(ii) 2nd session was presided by Dadabhai Naoroji.

(c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

(i) Tilak was one of the most prominent leaders of the extremists who taught people to
rely on their own strength. He instilled among the people love and pride for the country.
He was an agitator and a fighter in the true sense of the term.
(ii) He also with Bipin Chandra and Lajpat Rai transformed the anti-partition movement
into a movement for Swaraj.

(d) (i) To protect the political and other rights of the Muslims.
(ii) To promote among the Muslims of India feeling of loyalty to the British government.
(e) (i) The passing of‘Complete Independence’ or ‘Purna Su araj resolution at Lahore
session, of the Congress.
(ii) Rejection of Gandhi’s ‘Eleven Point’ programme.

(f) Lord Mountbatten.

The states were given the right to choose joining either the Dominions or to retain their
independence.

(g) The two main principles of Fascism and Nazism were :

(a) Fascism and Nazism were and totally against democracy. They laid stress on duties
and obligations unlike democracy. They laid stress on rights and liberties of the people.
(b) Rule of single party and a single leader, with full authority.

(h) (i) Germany

(ii) Italy
(ii) Japan

(i) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation.

(j) The following were the two principles of Panchsheel:

(i) Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity.
(ii) Non-aggression.
Non-Alignment is the international policy of a sovereign state according to which it does
not align itself with any of the power blocks and at the same time actively participates in
the world affairs to promote international peace, harmony and cooperation.

PART – II [50 MARKS]

SECTION – A

Attempt any two questions from this Section

Question 3.
With reference to the Union Parhament, answer the following questions :
(a) How many members may be nominated to the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha?
Give one reason as to why they may be nominated to the Lok Sabha. [3]
(b) Mention any three qualifications required for a member to be elected to the Lok
Sabha. [3]
(c) What is meant by the term ‘Session’? Name the three Sessions of the Union
Parhament. [4]

Answers:
(a) Lok Sabha : Not more than two members of the Anglo-Indian Community to be
nominated by the President, if, in his opinion, that community is not adequately
represented in the House.
Rajya Sabha : The President nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha.

(b) In order to be chosen as a member of the Lok Sabha, a person must:

(i) Be a citizen of India.
(ii) Be at least twenty five years of age.
(iii) Possess such other qualifications as may be fixed by a law of the Parliament. He
must also be registered as a voter in any of the Parliamentary constituencies.

(c) It is the time period during which the House meets to conduct its business.
Parliament should hold at least two sessions in a year.
Three sessions :

1. Summer Session (Feb – May)

2. Monsoon Session (July – Sept.)
3. Winter Session (Nov – Dec.)

Question 4.
The President and the Vice-President are part of the Union Executive.
In this context, answer the following questions :
(a) State any three qualifications required for a candidate to be elected as the Vice-
President of India. [3]
(b) State the three functions of the Vice-President. [3]
(c) Explain briefly any tu o Legislative and any two Executive powers of the President. [4]
Answers :
(a) (i) He must be a citizen of India.
(ii) Must not be less than 35 years of age.
(iii) Must be qualified for election as member of the Rajya Sabha.

(b) He is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.

(i) He regulates the debates and proceedings of this House.
(ii) He decides about the admissibility of a question or a resolution in the Rajya Sabha.
(iii) He decides about the serial order and time limit of speech of a member.

(c) Legislative powers :

1. The President summons the sessions of both the Houses of Parliament and
prorogues them. He inaugurates the Parliament by addressing it after the general
elections, at the beginning of the first session every year. He can also direct a joint
session of both the Houses to be held in a certain situation.
2. The President has the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha. He can do so on the advice
of the Prime Minister, if this is done before the expiry of its full term. When the Lok
Sabha completes its full term of five years, the President announces the dissolution of
the Lok Sabha of his own. But he cannot dissolve the Rajya Sabha, because it is a
permanent House.

Executive powers :
1. The President appoints the Prime Minister and on his advice, he appoints other
Ministers in the Cabinet.

2. The President appoints high dignitaries such as the Attorney General of India, the
Comptroller and Auditor General of India, the Judges of the Supreme Court and High
Courts, the State Governors, Ambassadors and High Commissioners. He also appoints
Chairmen and members of the Union Public Service Commission, Finance Commission,
the Chief Election Commissioner and the two other members of the Election
Commission.

Question 5.
Our Judicial system has a Supreme Court at its Apex, followed by the High Court and
other Subordinate Courts. In the light of this statement, explain the following :
(a) Any three types of cases in which the Supreme Court exercises its Original
Jurisdiction. [3]
(b) Any three ways by which the Constitution ensures the Independence of the
Judiciary. [3]
(c) ‘Advisory’ and ‘Revisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. [4]

Answers :
(a) Original Jurisdiction means the authority and power of the Supreme Court to hear a
case in the first instance directly. The original and exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court extends to the following cases :

• Interpretation of the Constitution in case of a dispute between the Union

Government and one or more States.
• Interpretation of the Constitution in case of dispute between two or more States
interests, relating to some justiciable right,
• The Supreme Court has the exclusive jurisdiction to determine the Constitutional
Validity of the Union laws. Such cases are debated by a majority of the full
Constitutional Bench of seven Judges.

(b) The independence of Judiciary (Supreme Court) has been ensured in our country in
the following ways .
 1. The judges are appointed by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice
and such other judges he may deem necessary. This ensures their independence.
2. The Judges possess high qualifications in law; they have a long experience in this
field; they are eminent jurists. This ensures their independence.
3. The removal of a judge, which is done through impeachment, has been made very
difficult, Impeachment is done by the Parliament on the basis of “proved
misbehavior or incapacity”. This requires simple majority of the total strength of
both the Houses of the Parliament, and a 2/3rd majority of those present and
voting in both Houses to pass a resolution of impeachment,

(c) Advisory : The President may seek Supreme Court’s opinion or advice on a question
of law or fact, which is of public importance in the opinion of the President, whether it
has actually arisen or is likely to arise. The Supreme Court may give its opinion, after
such hearing as it may think fit. It is done by a Bench of five Judges, by a majority vote.

The opinion of the Supreme Court is pronounced in the open court. But the opinion of
the Supreme Court is not binding on the President, as it is not a judicial decision or
pronouncement. It is only a consultative view.

It must be noted that the Supreme Court is also not bound to give its advisory opinion
when a reference is made to it by the President. The Supreme Court can decline to give
its opinion. Usually, its opinion is rejected by all courts and tribunals.

Revisory : Judicial Review is the power of the Supreme Court to examine laws passed
by the independent and the executive orders of the Centre and State governments in
order to find whether these are in accordance with the Constitution or not. This is called
Judicial Review. If an order or a law’ is found to be contrary to the Constitution, the
Supreme Court declares it null and void.

SECTION – B
Attempt any three questions from this Section

Question 6.
Numerous causes gave rise to the First War of Independence and its consequences led
to several changes in the British Government in India. In this context, answer the
following :
(a) Explain any three political causes of the Revolt of 1857. [3]
(b) Briefly explain the immediate cause of the Great Revolt. [3]
(c) State any four changes in the administration of the British Government as a
consequence of the Revolt. [4]

Answers :
(a) (i) Lord Dalhousie’s policy of annexation and the Doctrine of Lapse made the Indian
rulers angry and insecure. The prominent states which fell victim to the Doctrine w’ere :
Satara, Jhansi and Nagpur.
(ii) Lord Canning declared that Bahadur Shah’s successor would not be allowed to use
the imperial title, i.e. the ‘King’.
(iii) Lord Dalhousie stopped the pension of Nana Saheb.

(b) The immediate cause was the introduction of Enfield rifles. There was a rumour that,
the cartridges to be used for the rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs. This
sparked off the Mutiny. On 10th May, 1857 all the three sepoy regiments at Meerut rose
in revolt.

(c) (i) End of Company’s Rule : The Revolt ended the East India Company’s rule in India
and the Indian empire came under the direct control of the British Crown. Queen Victoria
became the Empress of India.

(ii) Position of Secretary of State : The Act of 1858 abolished the Company’s Board of
Control and the Court of Directors. All their powers were transferred to a Cabinet
Minister, known as the Secretary of State. He was to be advised by a Council consisting
of 15 members.

(iii) Position of Governor-General: The designation of the Governor-General was

changed. He was designated as the Viceroy while representing the British government
in England. It was his duty to run the Indian administration on behalf of the Crown. He
was under the control of the Secretary of State for India.

(iv) Appointments to the Civil Service : It was decided that appointments to the Civil
Service were to be made by open competition under rules made by the Secretary of
State in Council.

Question 7.
The Quit India Resolution in 1942 was one of the final calls given by Gandhi for the
British to leave India. Moving towards Independence, Lord Mountbatten’s Plan was
significant. In this context, answer the following :
(a) State two reasons for the launching of the Quit India Movement. [3]
(b) Give any three effects of the Quit India Movement launched by Gandhi in 1942 that
was significant to the last phase of the National Movement of India. [3]
(c) Give any four clauses of the Mountbatten Plan of 1947. [4]

Answers:
(a) (i) Failure of the Cripps Mission : The failure of the Cripps Mission left no meeting
ground between the Congress and the government. It was clear from the proposals that
the government was not willing to grant independence in the near future. The Indians
were also not happy at the proposals of Cripps Mission because proposals contained
within them provisions which could divide India into hundreds of independent provinces.

(ii) War Situation : There was every possibility that India might be attacked by Japan and
the Indians were’ helpless because they had no power or means to resist the attack. So,
the Indian leaders felt that the situation called for complete independence. Gandhiji also
felt that an orderly and peaceful withdrawal of the British could save India from internal
anarchy and external aggression.

(b) (i) It demonstrated the depth of the national feelings : The movement showed the
depth of the national will and convinced the Britishers that the days of their domination
in India were numbered. People from all parts of India fought together against the
Britishers.

(ii) Set back to the Britishers : Now the British officials had realized that the British
would not be able to retain their hold on India.

(iii) Parallel Government : A significant feature of the Quit India Movement was the
emergence of parallel governments in Ballia in Uttar Pradesh, Midnapur in Bengal and
Satara in Maharashtra.

(c) (i) Division of the Country : The country would be divided into two Dominions i.e,
India and Pakistan.

(ii) The Constituent Assembly : The existing Constituent Assembly would continue to
work, but the Constitution framed by it would not be applied to Pakistan. A separate
Constituent Assembly would be constituted for those parts which decided in favour of
partition.

(iii) The Princely States : The Princely States would be free to choose their own option,
and treaties signed with them would soon come to an end.
(iv) A Boundary Commission : A Boundary Commission would be set up to decide about
the boundary disputes.

Question 8.
Study the picture given below and answer the following questions :
(a) Identify the leader given in the picture. [3]
Name the Political party and the Military Organisation that he formed.
(b) State any three objectives of the Political party that he founded. [3]
(c) Mention any four objectives of the Military Organisation that he formed. [4]

Answers :
(a) Subhas Chandra Bose.
Forward Bloc and Indian National Army (INA).

(b) (i) To develop the economy on socialistic ideas.

(ii) Abolition of landlordism i.e., Zamindari System.
(iii) A new monetary and credit system.

(c) (i) The basic aim of the INA was to overthrow the British Raj in colonial India.
(ii) To establish Provisional Government of Free India.
(iii) To take help from Japan Japanese Army and heist Indian flag on Indian soil by
overthrowing the British Raj.
(iv) To expand and strengthen Indian Independence league.

Question 9.
With reference to the Two Major World Wars in the 20th century, answer the following
questions :
(a) Explain briefly the causes of World War I with reference to Nationalism and
Imperialism. [3]
(b) Explain briefly the territorial rearrangements as a result of World War I. [3]
(c) State any four causes that led to the Second World War. [4]

Answers :
(a) (i) Europe divided into Power Blocs : The major European nations were divided into
Blocs. Germany, Austrian-Hungary and Italy formed Triple Alliance in 1882 AD and
Britain, Russia and France formed Triple Entente in 1907. This also caused tension
between their relations.
(ii) Militant Nationalism and Mutual Rivalries : Nationalism in the 19th century had
become competitive and aggressive. Love for one’s nation meant hatred towards other
nations. The whole atmosphere was charged with narrow militant, atmosphere and
inter-state rivalries.

(iii) Clash of Imperialist Interests and Colonial Rivalry : There were small wars between
France and Italy over occupation of Tunis ; between Britain and Russia over Persia etc.
These wars resulted in two blocs in Europe : Britain, France and Russia on one side and
Germany, Austria and Turkey on the other.

(b) 1. (i) Many small states like Poland, Finland, Latavia etc. were created.
(ii) The German territory to the West of Rhine Valley was to be occupied by the Allied
Troops for 15 years.
(iii) Germany w as to return Alsac and Lorane to France.
(iv) She was to hand over Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium.
(v) She also had to give Scheleswig to Denmark.
(vi) The German city of Danzing was made a free port in the Polish territory.

2. (i) Britain and France divided and shared the regions of Togo and the Cameroons
(South East Africa).
(ii) German colonies in East Africa and South-West Africa were shared between England,
Belgium, Portugal and South Africa.
(iii) Japan was given Shantung and Kiau-Chow in China.
(iv) New Zealand was given Samoa Island.

(c) (i) Failure of democracies in Europe and the rise of dictatorships in Germany, Italy,
Russia, Spain, Portugal, etc.
(ii) Reaction against the unjust and humiliating Treaty of Versailles.
(iii) Aggressive National and Expansionist pohcy of Italy, Germany, Soviet Russia and
Japan.
(iv) The armament race and the manufacture of deadly weapons of mass destruction.

Question 10.
With reference to the United Nations and its Specialized Agencies, answer the following:
(a) Mention any three functions of the International Court of Justice. [3]
(b) State the composition of the General Assembly. [3]
(c) State any two functions of the UNICEF and any two functions of WHO. [4]

Answers :
(a) (i) (a) It is composed of 15 judges elected for a 9-year term.
(b) The judges are elected by both Security Council and General Assembly by a majority
vote.
(c) To maintain the continuity, one-third of the court i.e. five judges, are elected every
three years.
(d) The court elects its President and Vice-President for three years. It also has power to
appoint its Registrar.

(ii) (a) To settle disputes between member states by the United Nations in accordance
with the International Law.
(b) It can also advise the General Assembly or the Security Council on any legal
question.
(c) Other organs or agencies of the UNO may also request the advisory opinion on legal
questions.
(b) The General Assembly consists of all the members of the United Nations. Every
member state can send a maximum of five representatives to the General Assembly but
at the time of voting a state is entitled to cast only one vote. It means that all member
states have equal status.

(c) Functions of UNICEF :

1. Provision of Food : It helps in providing protective food like milk, meat, fish and
fats to the children and pregnant women.
2. Health Services : UNICEF provides funds for the training of health and sanitation
workers. It supphes medical equipment to rural health-centres. It makes effort to
prevent diseases like T.B., malaria etc.

Functions of WHO :

1. Research Work: The WHO promotes and coordinates research in the field of
health by financing research projects in many countries. Its research activities
include nutritious food, environmental safety, mental health, control of specific
diseases like cancer, heart-attack etc.
2. Standardisation of Medicines : It sets international standards with respect to
biological and pharmaceutical products. It also provides essential drugs to
developing countries.
 ICSE Paper 2017
History and Civics

General Instructions :

• Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.

• You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
• This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
• The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the
answers.
• Attempt all questions from Part I (Compulsory). A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II, two out of three questions from Section A and three out of
five questions from Section B.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART – 1 [30 MARKS]

Attempt all questions from this Part

Question 1.
(a) State any one federal feature of the Indian Constitution. [1]
(b) How are the Rajva Sabha members elected? [1]
(c) Who presides over the Joint Session of the two Houses of Parliament? [1]
(d) Under what condition can a non-member of Parliament be made a Minister? [1]
(e) When can the Speaker of the Lok Sabha cast his vote? [1]
(f) When can the President use his Discretionary power to appoint the Prime Minister?
[1]
(g) What is meant by ‘Collective Responsibility’ of the Cabinet? [1]
(h) How long can the Rajya Sabha retain the money bill sent by the Lok Sabha? [1]
(i) State one other qualification required to become a Judge of the High Court, apart
from Indian citizenship. [1]
(j) Mention one reason to state that the Lok Adalat has its own advantage. [1]

Answers :
(а) In a federal government, there is a dual set of governments – Union Government and
the State Government. The Union government runs the administration of the entire
country and the state governments run the administration of the respective states.
(b) The members of the Rajya Sabha from each State are elected by the elected
members of the Legislative Assembly (i.e. the Lower House) of the State. This is done
by means of proportional representation called the Single Transferable Voting System.

(c) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over the joint sessions of the Parliament,
(d) He must be elected or nominated to the Parliament within six months.

(e) Generally, the speaker does not participate in the discussions of the House and does
not take part in the voting but in case of a tie, he/she exercises his’casting vote.

(f) In the case of no single party getting a clear majority, a coalition of parties makes its
claim to form the government, The President has to use his discretionary judgement
and invite such a leader to head a government as Prime Minister who can provide a
stable government to the country. His judgement and decision are of crucial
importance.

(g) The Council of Ministers is jointly or collectively responsible to the Parliament. Once
they have reached a decision after full discussion in the meeting under Prime Minister’s
Chairmanship, all the Ministers must defend it inside the Parliament and in the public.

(h) 14 Days
(i) Must have held a judicial office for not less than ten years in India or should have
been an advocate of High Court for ten years.
(j) A Lok Adalat delivers speedy and inexpensive justice.

Question 2.
(a) Mention any two Repressive Colonial policies of Lord Lytton. [2]
(b) Name the two main Associations that were the precursors of the Indian National
Congress. [2]
(c) Give the names of two leaders who led the Home Rule Movement in India. [2]
(d) What was the Khilafat Movement? [2]
(e) State anv two provisions of the Rowlatt Act passed bv the Government in 1919. [2]
(f) Mention any two objectives of the Indian National Army. [2]
(g) Why did Mahatma Gandhi start his historic march to Dandi? [2]
(h) State the significance of the Policy of Appeasement as a cause for the Second
World War. [2]
(i) Give the reason as to why Japan invaded China. [2]
(j) Mention any two functions of UNESCO in the field of Education. [2]

Answers :
(a) (i) In 1877, he lowered the maximum age limit for the I.C.S. examination from 21 to
19 years, thus making it impossible for the Indians to compete for it,
(ii) He introduced Vernacular Press Act and Indian Arms Act, Both these were passed to
pursue the policy of racial discrimination.

(b) (i) The Indian National Association.

(ii) The East India Association.

(c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant.

(d) The movement was launched after the First World War by two Ah brothers,
Muhammed Ah and Shaukat Ah to protest against the injustice done to the Muslims of
Turkey and to protest against the threat to the position and the dignity of the Turkish
Sultan.

(e) (i) The Act gave enormous powers to the government to redress pohtical activities,
and allowed detention of pohtical prisoners without a trail for two years.
(ii) The pohce could search a place and arrest any person they disapproved without
warrant.

(f) (i) The aim of the army was to overthrow the British Raj in colonial India, with
Japanese assistance.
(ii)To estabhsh an Interim Government.

(g) (i) Lahore Session and the Demand for Complete Independence : The failure of the
British Government to give Dominion Status to India and several other developments in
1929 hardened the Congress attitude. So, at its Lahore Session, presided over by
Jawaharlal Nehru in December, 1929, the Congress passed resolution of ‘Puma Swaraj’,
and also took steps to launch a programme of Civil Disobedience.

(ii) Gandhi’s Eleven Demands : On 30th January, 1930 Mahatma Gandhi in a statement,
put forward Eleven Demands to correct two injustices done to the Indians, but Gandhiji’s
demands were declared to be unrealistic by the Viceroy.

(h) England and France followed a policy of appeasement towards Germany. They did
not care to enforce the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, so Hitler started to flout it.
When Hitler attacked and annexed Austria, Britain and France did not try to stop him.

The heads of four nations – Germany, Italy, Britain and France met at Munich on
September 28, 1938 and decided to hand over Sudetanland to Germany. The Czechs
were persuaded by them to accept the Munich Pact in the name of world peace. But
actually, they were appeasing Hitler at the cost of Czechoslovakia.

(i) In Asia, Japan harboured expansionist desires. It attacked China in 1931 and
annexed Manchuria. China appealed to the League of Nations to declare sanctions
against Japan, Britain and France leading members of the League ignored the appeal. In
1933, Japan left the League of Nations and started occupying the British and American
properties in China. Britain and France followed the policy of appeasement under which
they ignored aggressive policy of Japan, thinking that Japanese could be used to
weaken China.

The Japanese were determined to dominate the Far East. America warned Japan of the
dire consequences but Japan ignored. She joined “Rome-Berlin-Tokyo” Axis. She also
attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbour.

(j) (i) It has set up educational planning centres which prepare specialists in the theories
and methods of education. For example, International Institute of Educational Planning
in Paris.

(ii) Four main areas of focus to provide basic education for all, to expand access to
basic education, improve the quality of basic education and education for the 21 st
century.

PART – II [50 MARKS]

SECTION – A

(Attempt any two questions from this Section)

Question 3.
The Powers and Functions of the Indian Parliament are wide ranging. In
this context answer the following :
(a) Explain three ways by which the Legislature exercises control over the Executive. . [3]
(b) Mention any three special powers of the Rajya Sabha that is usually not enjoyed by
the other House. [3]
(c) Mention any two Judicial powers and any two Electoral powers of the Indian
Parliament. [4]

Answers :
(a) Control over Executive : The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers are
collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. They remain in office as long as they continue
to enjoy the confidence of the Lok Sabha, by simple majority. The Parliament exercises
its control over the executive as given below :
(i) Various Motions : The Question Hour, Call Attention Motion, Half an Hour Discussion
are the devices through which the House seeks information from the Government.
(ii) Adjournment Motion : With the passing of the Adjournment Motion, the routine
business of the House is postponed. The House then discusses Government’s acts of
omission or commission on a matter of urgent national importance.

(iii) Censure Motion and the No-Confidence Motion : Censure Motion, expressing
disapproval of the policies of the Government may be moved against the Council of
Ministers or an individual Minister in the Lok Sabha. Adoption of the Censure Motion
against the Government would result in the resignation of the Council of Ministers. But
if it is against an individual Minister as the case may be, then only the individual Minister
has to resign.

A No-Confidence Motion against the Council of Ministers may be moved in the Lok
Sabha by a leader of the Opposition supported by at least 50 members. It is taken up for
discussion within ten days. If it is passed, the Government has to resign.

(b) The Rajya Sabha performs the following functions, as per its Powers in relation to
the Lok Sabha :

• According to Article 249 if the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution on any topic of
national interest to empower the parliament to make law, on any topic enlisted in
the state list, with a majority of votes, then the parliament gains authority to make
that law.
• It can create any new All India service by passing a resolution in favour by a
majority of a 2/3rd majority.
• It has the power to pass the declaration of emergency. In the case of a
proclamation of emergency, if the Lok Sabha is lying dissolved or it has been
dissolved with the proclamation of emergency, the Rajya Sabha holds the
command to continue beyond the stipulated period of 2 months.

(c) Judicial Powers :

1. The Rajya Sabha can impeach the President on the charge of violating the
Constitution.
2. It can pass a special address to remove a judge of the Supreme Court or High
Courts.
3. Along with the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha can pass resolutions for the removal of
some high officers like the Attorney General of India, Comptroller and Auditor
General, Chief Election Commissioner etc. When such a resolution is passed, the
President can remove these officers from office.

Electoral Powers :
 1. The elected members of the Rajya Sabha can take part in the election of the
President.
2. The members of the Rajya Sabha can take part in the election of the Vice-
President.
3. They can elect the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha from amongst its
members.

Question 4.
The Union Executive which consists of the President, Prime Minister and the Council of
Ministers is a powerful body in a Parliamentary Democracy. In this context answer the
following questions :
(a) State the position of the Prime Minister and state any two of his powers in relation to
the President. [3]
(b) Mention the three categories of Ministers in order of their rank and status. [3]
(c) Mention any four Legislative powers of the Cabinet. [4]

Answers :
(a) (i) The Prime Minister is the channel of communication between the Cabinet and the
President. He conveys Cabinet’s decisions to the President, and keeps him informed of
all matters of the government, national or foreign.
(ii) The Prime Minister advises the President to summon and prorogue the sessions of
the Parliament, and to dissolve the Lok Sabha.
(iii) The Prime Minister advises the President in appointing or removing the High
officials.

(b) There is no provision for categories of Ministers in the Indian Constitution but as per
old practice there are four categories of Ministers :
(i) Cabinet Ministers : They are the most important members of the Council of Ministers.
They are usually senior leaders, have a right to attend Cabinet meetings and participate
in the decision making. They hold important portfolios like Home, External Affairs,
Railways, Defence, Finance, etc.

(ii) Ministers of State : They do not have independent charge of Ministry, they do not
attend Cabinet meetings until invited to do so. But as per recent practice some of them
are entrusted with independent charge.

(iii) Deputy Ministers : They have to help senior Ministers. They do not attend Cabinet
meetings, unless specially invited.
(iv) Parliamentary Secretaries : They assist the Ministers in the Parliament.

(c) (i) The sessions of the Parliament are summoned by the President on the
advice of the Cabinet. The initiative in this matter is taken by the Ministry of
Parliamentary Affairs. The Cabinet decides dates for holding sessions and for
proroguing the Parliament.

(ii) The special address that the President delivers to the Parliament is prepared by the
Cabinet and the President simply reads it.

(iii) The Cabinet gets the bills drafted. The members of the Council of Ministers
introduce, explain and defend the bills in the Parliament and get them passed.
(iv) The President issues ordinances at the instance of the Cabinet.

Question 5.
Explain With reference to the powers and functions of the High Court, briefly the
meaning and scope of the following:
(a) Its Appellate Jurisdiction.
(b) The High Court as a Court of Record.
(c) Judicial Review.

Answers :
(a) Appellate Jurisdiction means that the High Court has power to accept appeals
against the decision of District Court in civil as well as criminal matters. The High Court
hears the appeal in the following cases :

1. Against the judgement of Assistant Sessions Judge, Chief Metropolitan

Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate when the punishment exceeds four years.
2. Against the judgement of Assistant Sessions Judge, where the sentence of
imprisonment to a convict exceeds seven years.
3. A sentence of death must be confirmed by the High Court.
4. When an acquittal is granted by Sessions Judge in a State case, the State can take
the appeal to the High Court.

(b) The High Court is a Court of Record. This impress that:

1. Its judgements are kept as a record, and are used as precedent. It is binding on all
subordinate courts in the State. But in other High Courts, the judgement of a High
Court can be used only in support of an argument in a case before it.
2. If a person commits contempt of a High Court, it has the authority to punish him.
The Supreme Court or the Parliament cannot deprive the High Court of this power.

(c) Judicial Review is the special power vested in the Judiciary by which it examines the
constitutionality of the laws, passed by the legislature and the acts of the government. If
in view of the court, any executive order or any law passed by the legislature violates
any provision of the constitution, it declares it unconstitutional.
 SECTION – B

(Attempt any three questions from this Section)

Question 6.
With reference to the rise of ‘National Consciousness’ in India, explain the following :
(a) The influence of Western Education. [3]
(b) Any three contributions of Raja Ram Mohan Roy. [3]
(c) The development of Modern means of Transport and Communication. [4]

Answers :
(а) Britishers introduced English education as some Indians with English education
were needed to work at the lower levels of administration. But it became one of the
most important factors in the promotion of national consciousness.
(i) It brought the advanced knowledge of the world to the people of India. Because of
this, Indian leaders themselves made efforts for the spread of English education.

(ii) Knowledge of english proved to be a boon as the young men educated through
english medium were introduced to the liberal ideas of the west, such as freedom,
democracy and nationalism. They were highly impressed by the teachings of Garibaldi,
Mazzini, and Rousseau etc.

(iii) As India was a very vast country with different languages, english was a common
language and proved to be a hnk language through which people living in different
regions began to communicate. So, English was responsible for the unification of such
a vast country.

(iv) The educated Indians played a leading role in spreading nationalistic ideas. They
also started many religious and social reform movements which helped in uniting the
Indians. It was through these movements that they came to know about their political
rights.

(b) (i) He condemned evil customs like sati, purda, child-marriage, forced widowhood,
polygamy, female infanticide and discrimination against women.
(ii) He began a struggle against the caste distinctions, prevailing in the society including
the evil of untouchability.
(iii) Raja Ram Mohan Roy laid the foundation of an English school and spread of
education of modern subjects, so that western knowledge could come within the reach
of Indian students.
(c) (i) Introduction of railways in India revolutionised the socio-economic life of the
people. Beside, communication became quicker and journeys more comfortable and
cheaper.

(ii) The telegraph and postal system provided by the British proved helpful to organize
an all India movement which otherwise would have been impossible.

(iii) The Railway network spread throughout India helped to fight famines and thus
surplus produce of one area could be transported to famine stricken area rapidly. This
raised the economic status of the people and give them courage to fight for their rights.

Question 7.
The conflict between the two sections of the Congress came to surface in its Session in
1906 at Calcutta. In this context explain the following:
(a) The Split in the Congress in 1907. [3]
(b) With reference to the picture given below, answer the following: [3]

(i) What were the three personalities popularly known as?

(ii) Which section of the Congress did they represent?
(iii) Mention two of their popular beliefs.
(c) State any four methods that they advocated for the achievement of their aims. [4]

Answers :
(a) (i) The Extremist leaders of the National Congress wanted to propose the name of
Lala Lajpat Rai for the president ship of the Congress against the official candidate Dr.
Rash Behari Bose. This gave rise to separation between the two wings which led to the
split in the Congress in 1907.

(ii) To placate the Assertive Nationalists the Calcutta session of the Congress in 1906
A.D. adopted “Su araj” as its goal and passed resolutions supporting Swadeshi and
Boycott and National educaion. But the moderate section in the Congress did not like
this development. The Radicals wanted to extend the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
to rest of India but the Moderates wanted to confine it to Bengal.

(b) (i) Lai Bal, Pal

(ii) They represented Aggressive/Assertive nationalists.
(iii) (a) Freedom is the birth right of every Indian.
(b) Supported the swadeshi goods and against the use of imported goods.

(c) The Aggressive Nationalists used Swadeshi, Boycott, National Education, Non-
cooperation and self-sacrifice as some of the methods to gain independence.
(i) Swadeshi : Swadeshi means producing necessary items in one’s own country or ‘of
one’s own country.’ The Swadeshi idea was popularised by occasional bonfires of
foreign cloth, salt and sugar.

(ii) Boycott: The promotion of Swadeshi was accompanied by the advocacy of Boycott.
Swadeshi and Boycott were two sides of the same coin. Tilak said, “When you accept
Swadeshi, you must boycott foreign goods.” Swadeshi and Boycott were not confined to
goods only. Swadeshi gradually came to include everything Indian.

(iii) National Education : In order to achieve the objectives of the national movement,
many new educational institutions were set up. According to Tilak, the highlights of
National Education were to be in the following areas : Secular education ; Religious or
moral education ; Political education and Vocational or Industrial education.

(iv) Passive Resistance, i.e. non-cooperating with the British Government by boycotting
government service, courts, schools and colleges.

Question 8.
The period between 1920 to 1947 was marked with major events and reforms that
finally led us to our Independence. In this context, answer the following questions:
(a) State three provisions of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact as a result of the Civil Disobedience
Movement. [3]
(b) How did the Congress and the Muslim League respond to the Cabinet Mission Plan?
[3]
(c) Mention any four clauses of the Cabinet Mission Plan. [4]
Answers :
(a) (i) Withdrawal of all ordinances issued by the British Government imposing curbs on
the activities of the Indian National Congress.
(ii) Release of prisoners arrested for participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(iii) To allow the Indians who lived near sea shore to manufacture and sell salt.

(b) The proposals of Cabinet Mission were accepted by the Congress with some
reservations. It suggested that grouping of provinces should be optional but not
compulsory. The Congress rejected the scheme of Interim Government because of its
limited powers and status. It also had objection of parity with the Muslim League.

(c) (i) Federal Government : It recommended a federal type of government for the whole
of India.

(ii) Constituent Assembly : A Constituent Assembly consisting of 389 members – 292

members from provinces. 4 from the territories governed by Chief Commissioner and
93 from Indian Princely States would draft the Constitution of India.

(iii) Division of Provinces : There would be three groups of provinces.

(iv) Formation of Interim Government : An Interim Government at the Centre consisting
of representatives of all communities would be installed on the basis of party between
the representatives of the Hindus and the Muslims.

Question 9.
The 1914 and 1939 Wars that engulfed almost the entire world, were known as World
Wars due to its unprecedented impact and damage. In this context, answer the
following:
(a) Explain the immediate cause of the First World War. [3]
(b) Explain the consequences of the Second World War with reference to the Cold
War. [3]
(c) Mention any four terms of the Treaty of Versailles which affected Germany after
World War I. [4]

Answers :
(a) The Sarajevo Incident : In June 1914, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the Heir-
Apparent to the throne of Austria went on an official visit to Sarajevo, the capital of
Bosnia. There, on June 28, 1914, he and his wife were shot dead. The assassin, Gavrilo
Princep, was a nineteen year old Bosnian. This dual murder had been planned in Serbia
by a secret society of patriotic t errorists, called the “Black Hand.”

The Austrians blamed the Serbians for this crime, as the assassin and the fellow
conspirators had received their guns and bombs in the Serbian capital, with the help of
Serbian officials. Presuming this to be true, Austria made eleven demands and sent a
stiff ultimatum to Serbia on 23rd July, to apprehend the criminals and hand them over to
the Austrian government. Austria also sought a ban on anti-Austrian publications, anti-
Austrian meetings and institutions in Serbia.

(b) Arms Race and Militarisation : The Cold War set in motion a mad race for
armaments. Both the blocs spent huge sums on arms and amassed deadly weapons.
The Americans lost the nuclear weapon monopoly when Russia exploded its first Atom
Bomb in 1949. Once Soviet Russia developed its nuclear weapon, she became a rival of
the United States and the two came to be recognised as Super Powers.

Formation of Military Alliances : The Cold War led to the formation of various alliances
like.

1. Nato (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation)

2. Seato (South-East Asia Treaty Organisation)
3. Cento (Central Treaty Organisation)
4. The Warsaw Pact, etc.

Setback to the United Nations : The Cold War gave a major setback to the working of
the United Nations. The rivalry between the two Blocs barred admission of certain
nations to the UNO. It was in 1955 that Albania, Austria and Bulgaria were able to join
the United Nations. The USA did not allow for a very long time the entry of China also to
the UNO. This prevented the world body from attaining a truly universal character.

(c) (i) Germany was held guilty of aggression. She was to pay the cost of the war called
war-indemnity or reparation to the victor nations to the tune of 33 billion dollars as
compensation of the war.
(ii) Germany was to evacuate the places she had captured during the war.
(iii) The German area of Rhine Valley was to be demilitarized.
(iv) The German territory to the west of Rhine Valley was to be occupied by the Allied
troops for 15 years.
(v) Germany was to return Alsac and Lorane to France; she was to hand over Eupen and
Malmedy to Belgium ; she w as to give Scheleswig to Denmark. Danzig was to be a free
port in the Polish territory.

Question 10.
The horrors of the two World Wars, led to the formation of the United Nations
Organisation, while the formation of the Non-Aligned Movement followed later. In this
context, answer the following:
(a) Mention any three aims and objectives of the United Nations Organisation. [3]
(b) Explain any three functions of the Security Council. [3]
(c) Explain any four factors that led to the formation of the Non Aligned Movement. [4]
Answers :
(a) The United Nations Organisation was established on October 24, 1945 with its
headquarters at New York (USA) with the aim to save the coming generation from the
scourge of another War.
Main objectives of the UNO are :

1. Peace
2. Human dignity
3. Justice
4. Human brotherhood
5. Cooperation

(b) (i) To maintain international peace and security.

(ii) To investigate any dispute or situation which may lead to friction.
(iii) To recommend methods of settling such disputes.
(iv) To formulate plans for the regulation of armaments.

(c) (i) Global tension caused by Cold War : Most of the newly independent countries of
Asia and Africa realised that the division of the world into two power blocs was not in
their larger interest and this might endanger world peace. These nations felt that by
maintaining distance from both the super, powers they would put off the danger of
another war.

(ii) Struggle against imperialism : The newly independent nations opted for non-
alignment because most of these countries remained under big powers for a long
period of time. They wanted to enjoy their newly acquired freedom and the power that
had come with it.

(iii) Right of independent judgement : The newly independent nations were able to keep
their own identity by not aligning with any of the power blocs. They wanted to solve their
problems themselves without any outside interference or influence.

(iv) Use of moderation in relations to all big powers : The newly independent nations
wanted to promote goodwill and co-operation among the nations of Asia and Africa and
to explore and advance their mutual interests by establishing friendly relations with all
the nations.

(v) Economic development : Most of the newly independent countries were facing
problem of poverty and underdevelopment. To come out of this they needed financial
and technical assistance from both the power blocs.
ICSE X | HISTORY AND CIVICS
Board Paper – 2019
www.topperlearning.com 1
ICSE Board
Class X History and Civics
H.C.G – Paper 1
Board Paper – 2019
Time: 2 hrs Total Marks: 80

General Instructions:
Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
You will not be allowed to write doting the first 15 minutes.
This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

Attempt all questions from Part I (Compulsory) A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II, two out of three questions from Section A and
three out of five questions from Section B.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ]

PART – I (30 Marks)

(Attempt all questions from this part)
Question 1
(a) What is the normal term of the Lok Sabha? [1]
(b) State the meaning of the term Question Hour. [1]
(c) Name the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha. [1]
(d) State any one condition when the Parliament can legislate on subjects in the state
list. [1]
(e) Write any one circumstance when the President can declare a National
Emergency. [1]
(f) What happens when a motion of ‘No-Confidence’ is passed against a Minister? [1]
(g) On whose advice can the President appoint the Council of Ministers? [1]
(h) What is meant by Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? [1]
(i) On what grounds can a Supreme Court Judge be removed from office? [1]
(j) State one point of distinction between a District Judge and a sessions Judge. [1]

Solution 1:

(a)The normal term of the Lok Sabha is 5 years.

(b) The first hour of sitting in both Houses of Parliament is allotted for asking and answering of
questions unless otherwise decided by the Speaker. This hour is known as Question Hour which
usually starts at 11 a.m.
(c) The presiding officer of the Lok Sabha is the Speaker.
(d) During the Proclamation of a National Emergency.
(e) The President can declare a National Emergency when there is a danger of foreign aggression
or threat to the peace and security of the country because of a civil war, due to the failure of the

1
constitutional machinery in the states or if there is a threat to the financial stability of the
country.

(f) If a motion of No confidence is passed against a minister, he has to resign. If is passed against
the Prime Minister the Government has to resign.

(g) On Prime Minister advice the President appoint the Council of Ministers.

(h) The Supreme Court is the final court of Appeal. Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
means an appeal lies to the Supreme Court from any judgment or final order of a high court in
the country.

(i) A Supreme Court Judge can be removed by the President only for proved misbehavior or in
capacity.

(j) The District Judge decides civil cases related to land, property, money, transactions,
arbitration, guard ship, marriage, divorce and will. The sessions Judge decides criminal cases
like murders, theft, dacoity, pick-pocketing, etc.

Question 2
(a) What was the General Service Enlistment Act? [2]
(b) Name the two books that Dadabhai Naoroji authored explaining the ‘Drain of India’s
Wealth’. [2]
(c) Name each of the organizations founded by Jyotiba Phule and Raja Rammohan
Roy. [2]
(d) Write any two contributions of Lala Lajpat Rai to the National Movement. [2]
(e) State any two provisions of the Indian Independence Act of 1947 that was to decide the fate
of the Princely States. [2]
(f) Write any two reasons for the acceptance of the Mountbatten Plan by the
Congress. [2]
(g) State any two objections imposed by the Treaty of Versailles on the German military power.
[2]
(h) Name the Signatory countries of the Triple Alliance. [2]
(i) What is meant by the term ‘Veto’ power? [2]
(j) Why was the League of Nations established? [2/]

Solution 2.
(a) According to traditional belief, it was considered a taboo for a Brahim to cross the seas. The
British Parliament passed the general Service Enlistment Act in 1856. As per this act, The Act
did not take into account the religious soldiers saw in this a danger to their caste which led to a
feeling of resentment, against the Britishers, among them.

(b) Poverty and Un- British Rule in India.

(c) Jyotiba Phule – Satya Shodak Samwithraj Raja Rammohan Roy- Brahmo Samaj.

2
(d) Contribution by Lala Lajpat Rai are:
1) He transformed the freedom struggle into the agitation of the millions and the common
masses. Through his speeches and writings, he accelerated its pace and widened its base. He
presided over historic session of the Congress in 1920. It was here that the resolution of “Non-
Cooperation” was adopted by the Congress.
2) He led the demonstration against the Simon Commission. A British sergeant has assaulted him
in the ensuing lathi charge and he could not recover from it. He sacrificed his life so that India
could win its independence. Before his death, he said, “Lathi blows inflicted on me would prove
one day as nails in the coffin of the British Empire.”

(e) According to Indian independence Act of 1947, the Princely States would become
independent and all over the powers exercised by the British authority were to be terminated. All
treaties and agreements made by the British reference to States would lapse from August 15,
1947. They would be free to associate themselves with either of the two Dominions or remain
independent.

(f) Reasons for the acceptance of the Mountbatten plan by the congress are:
1) The large-scale communal riots that engulfed the whole country convinced all that the only
solution to the communal problem lay in the Partition of India.
2) The league had joined the Interim Government to obstruct and not to cooperate. Experience of
working with the League had convinced the Congress that it could not have a joint
administration with the League.

(g)The two objections imposed by the Treaty of Versailles on the German military power are:
(1) The German Army was restricted to a force of 1, 00,000 soldiers and the Navy was limited to
15,000 men and 36 ships.
(2) The Air Force and submarines of German Army were banned.

(h) The Signatory Countries of the Triple Alliance are Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.

(i) Each member of the UN Security Council has one vote. Decisions on procedural matters are
made by an affirmative vote of nine members, including the concurring votes of all five
permanent members. The negative vote of a permanent members are called veto. The Council is
powerless to act if any of the five permanent members uses the veto power.

(j) League of Nations was formed as a consequence of the First World War. It was formed to
prevent War and promote international cooperation.

3
 PART II (50 Marks)
SECTION A
Attempt any two questions from this Section
Question 3
The Parliament is the body of people’s representatives who have Supreme power in a
democracy. With reference to the Union Legislature answer the following:
(a) How are the members of the Rajya Sabha elected? [3]
(b) Why is it called a Permanent house? [3]
(c) State any two Financial and any two Legislative Powers of the Indian Parliament. [4]

Solution 3:
(a) The representative of each State in the Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the
Legislative Assembly in accordance with system of proportional representation by means of a
‘single transferable vote’.

(b) Rajya Sabha is called a Permanent House because if the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or
after the declaration of a National Emergency, the Rajya Sabha becomes the sole de facto and de
jure parliament that is it takes over the functions of the Parliament. Thus, it cannot be dissolved.

(c) The two financial powers of the Indian Parliament are:

1) The Parliament passes the Union Budget containing estimates of receipts and expenditure of
the Government for a financial year.
2) The salaries and allowances of MPs, Ministers and Judges of the Supreme Court and the High
Court are determined by Parliament.

The two Legislative powers of the Indian Parliament are:

1) The Parliament has exclusive powers to make laws with respect to matters mentioned in the
Union List. The Parliament and the state Legislature both have the right to make laws on the
subjects mentioned in the concurrent list but in the case of a conflict, the law made by the
Parliament shall prevail.
2) The Parliament possess vesiduary powers, meaning that it can make laws with respect to all
those matters that are not mentioned in any three lists.

Question 4
The Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister, is the most Powerful Institution in the
Indian Polity. In this context, answer the following:
(a) State briefly the position of the Prime Minister in the Parliamentary system of
Government. State any two powers the Prime Minister has as a leader of the
Nation. [3]
(b) Distinguish between the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet. [3]
(c) Write any four functions of the ‘Cabinet’. [4]

4
Solution 4:

a) The Prime Minister heads the Council of Ministers and aids and advises the President. He is
the real executive of the Indian Union. The Prime Minister is the chief spokesperson and
defender of the Government in the Parliament. The Prime Minister exercise vast authority both
in legislation and finance.
The two powers the Prime Minister has as a leader of the Nation are:
1) The Prime Minister represents the nation. When he speaks, the whole nation is supposed to be
speaking through him.
2) During the national crisis like war, even the opposition parties support the Prime Minister.

b)
Council of Ministers Cabinet
1) The Council of Ministers consists of all 1) The Cabinet is a smaller group consisting
categories of Ministers – Cabinet Ministers, of some 25 senior Ministers holding
Ministers of State and Deputy Ministers. important portfolios such as Defense,
Finance, Home, etc.
2) The Prime Minister may or may not 2) They are the most trusted colleagues of the
consult the other ministers, below the rank of Prime Minister. The Prime Minister always
Cabinet Ministers. consults them. The decisions of the Cabinet
are binding on all the members.
3)In a day-to-day working of the government, 3) The Cabinet is a small cohesive group of
the Council of Ministers, as a whole, rarely senior Minister who determine the policies
meets and programmes of the Government, so they
meet as frequently as possible.

c) Functions of the Cabinet:

(i) Policy Making:

The Cabinet formulates both external and domestic polices of the Government.

(ii) Coordinates the Functioning of various Minister:

The Cabinet coordinates the working of various departments for the smooth implementation of
government policies.

(iii) Appointment: All major appointments though made by the President, are decided upon by
the Cabinet.

Question 5
India has a single integrated judicial system that is Independent and Supreme.
With reference to the Judiciary, answer the following:
(a) (i) Who appoints the Judges of the High court? [3]
(ii) State any two qualifications required for a person to be appointed as a High
Court Judge.
(b) Explain briefly the term ‘Court of Record’ with reference to the High Court. [3]

5
(c) List any four writs that the High Court can issue for the enforcement of Fundamental rights.
[4]
Solution 5:

(a) (i) The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President of India in consultation
with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Governor of the concerned State. The other
Judges of the High Court are also to be appointed in the same manner except that in their case
the Chief Justice of the High Court shall also be consulted.

(ii) Qualifications for appointment as a High Court Judge:

1. One should be a citizen of India.
2. One should have held a judicial office in India for at least 10 years.
3. One should have been an advocate of a High Court for 10 years.

(b) The High Court is a ‘Court of Record’ like the Supreme Court. It means its judgments and
orders are preserved as a record to be referred to by its courts in future cases. They can be
produced as precedents. The law laid down by the High Court is binding on all subordinate
courts in the State concerned. But it does not bind the other High Courts, although it is of great
significance and can be produced in support of an argument.

c) The writs that High Court can issue are:

1) Habeas Corpus
2) Mandamus
3) Prohibition
4) Quo Warranto

SECTION B
Attempt any three questions from this Section
Question 6
The second half of the 19th century witnessed the growth of a strong feeling of Nationalism.
With reference to the statement, answer the following:
(a) Write any three repressive Colonial policies of the British. [3]
(b) State any three ways in which the Press played an important role in developing nationalism
amongst Indians. [3]
(c) Explain briefly any three differences in the methods adopted between the Early
Nationalists and Radicals, in the National Movement. [4]

Solution 6:

a) The three repressive Colonial polices of the British are:

1) Lord Lytton organized a Grand Delhi Durbar in 1877 to proclaim Queen Victoria as the
Empress to India. Lakhs of rupees were spent on the event but nothing was done for Indians who
were in the grip of a famine.
2) The Vernacular Press Act (1878) introduced by Lord Lytton forbade vernacular papers to
publish any material that might excite feelings of dissatisfaction against the British Government.

6
This Act was not applicable to English newspapers. The editors who opposed the act were
sentenced to jail.
3)The maximum age limit for the Indian Civil Service Examination was reduced from 21 to 19
years, thus, making it difficult for the Indians to compete for it.

(b) The three ways in which the Press played an important role in developing nationalism
amongst Indians are:
1) It was through the Press that the message of patriotism and modern liberal ideas of liberty,
freedom, equality, home rule and independence, spread among the people.
2) The Press carried on daily criticism of the unjust policies of the British Government in India
and exposed the true nature of British rule in India.
3) It made possible the exchange of views among different social groups from different parts of
the country.

c)
Early Nationalists Radicals
1) The early nationalists wanted to achieve 1) The Radicals aimed at nothing short of
self- government and they strove for Swaraj as it existed in the United Kingdom.
autonomy within the Empire and not for
absolute independence.
2) They believed in constitutional methods 2) They were assertive in their approach.
and worked within the framework of the law.
3) They held good positions under the British 3) They denounced British rule and defied it.
Government.
4) They had faith in the British sense of 4) They rejected British rule and held it
justice and fair play. responsible for the prevailing poverty of the
Indian people.

Question 7
With reference to the picture given below, answer the following questions:

(a) (i) Identify the Memorial built for those who were killed in this incident. [3]
(ii) Where did this incident take place?
(iii) Name the movement launched by Gandhi in 1920 as a consequence.
7
(b) Explain briefly the reason for the suspension of this particular movement by Gandhi
in 1922. [3]
(c) State any four impacts of the movement. [4]

Solution 7:

a) (i) Jallianwala Bagh memorial.

(ii) Jallianwla Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab.
(iii) Non- Cooperation Movement.

b) The tragedy at Chauri Chaura, a village in Gorakhpur district in Uttar Pradesh, occurred on
February 5, 1922. A procession of about 3000 peasants marched to the nearby police station to
protest against the police officer who had beaten some volunteers picketing a liquor shop. The
police fired at the peasants. The infuriated demonstrators set the police station on fire, killing 22
policemen who were inside the police station. There were also a few violent incidents in the
other parts of the country. That why, Gandhi ji, a strong believer in ‘Ahimsa’ was greatly
shocked at these incidents and he withdrew the Non- Cooperation Movement on February 12,
1922.

c) The four impact of the movements are:

1) The National Movement become a Mass Movement:

The Indian National Movement for the first time in history, acquired a real mass base with the
participation of different sections of Indian society such as peasants, workers, students, teachers
and women.

2) Instilled Confidence among the people:

The movement undermined the power and prestige of the British Government. It generated a
desire for freedom and inspired people to challenge the colonial rule.

3) The Congress became an organized Fighting Force:

The weapons of Satyagraha and Non- cooperation changed the character of the Congress
overnight. It transformed the Indian national Congress from a deliberative assembly into an
organized fighting force, pledged to revolution.

4) Fostered Hindu- Muslim Unity:

It fostered Hindu-Muslim unity which could be seen in the merger of the Khilafat issue with this
movement.

Question 8
With reference to the National Movement from 1930 to 1947, answer the following:
(a) State any three features of the Programme of the Civil Disobedience Movement launched in
1930. [3]
(b) What was the significance of the Second Round Table Conference held in 1931? [3]
(c) State any four clauses of the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946. [4]
ICSE X | HISTORY AND CIVICS

8
Solution 8:
a) The three features of the Programme of the Civil Disobedience Movement launched in 1930
are:
1) Defiance of Salt Laws.
2) Boycott of liquor.
3) Boycott of foreign cloth and British goods of all kinds.

b) The significance of the Second Round Table Conference held in 1931 was that it was attended
by Gandhi ji as a sole representative of the Congress, according to the terms of the Gandhi- Irwin
Pact of 1931. The conference was soon deadlocked on the minorities issue, with separate
electorates being demanded not only by Muslims but also by the Depressed Classes, Sikhs,
Indian Christians and Anglo- Indian.,
The question of Independence or setting up of a responsible Government receded into the
background. The British government refused to concede the immediate grant of dominion status,
Gandhi ji returned to India disappointed.

c) The four clauses of the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 are:

(1) Federal Union: There was to be a federal union of the British Provinces and the Princely
States. The Union Government should deal with the following subjects: Foreign Affairs, Defense
and Communication.
(2) A Constitutional making Body: Constituent Assembly would frame the Union constitution. It
was to consist of 385 members out of which the provinces were to elect 292 members, whereas
princely states were allocated 93 seats.
3) Provincial Autonomy: The Provinces would enjoy full autonomy for all subjects other than the
Union Subjects.
4) Grouping of Provinces: The British Provinces would be divided into three groups namely
‘Group A’, ‘Group B’, ‘Group C’. Each group could determine the provincial subjects to eb
taken in common.

Question 9
With reference to the Rise of Dictatorships and the Second World War, answer the following:
(a) State any three reasons for the Rise of Fascism in Italy. [3]
(b) Explain any three consequences of World War II. [3]
(c) Name the two rival blocs that fought against each other during World War II and state its
signatory countries. [4]

Solution 9:
a) The three reasons for the Rise of Fascism in Italy are:
1) Dissatisfaction with the Peace Treaties: Italy joined the War on the side of the Allies. Among
Italians the feeling was that they “had won the war but lost the Peace”. Italy had much to
contribute to the success of the Allies in the war. But Italy could have no valuable addition to her
territory. When it came to dividing the spoils of War, her allies deserted her.
2) Economic factors: Economic conditions in Italy after the War were very bad. War debts and
budget deficits caused lots of difficulty. Everyone in the country felt the pinch of post-war
inflation. There was wide spread unemployment in the country which led to agrarian riots and
strikes.

9
3) Political Instability and Inefficient and Corrupt Democratic Governments:
The post- war democratic government in Italy were weak; they could not respond properly to the
needs and aspirations of the people. The government under Nitti and Giolitti in Italy were unable
to control industrial and agrarian disorders. Popular discontent took the form of strikes and riots.
b) The three consequences of World War II are:
1) Defeat of Axis Powers: Up to the middle of 1942, the Axis powers met with remarkable
success and captured large territories in Europe, Africa and Asia. But by the end of 1942, the tide
began to turn against the Axis Powers. In 1945, Allied Powers defeated the Axis Powers.
2) Formation of UN: The horrors of the two World Wars and the failure of the League of the
nations led to a meeting of the Big Three- Roosevelt(President of USA), Churchill ( Prime
Minister Britain) and Stalin (Premier of the USSR) at Yalta in February 1945. They resolved to
convene a conference of the representatives of all nations at San Francisco to draw up the
establishment of the United Nations Organisation on October 24, 1945.
3) Cold War: After the Second World War, the USA and the erstwhile USSR emerged as two
great powers representing contrasting ideologies. They divided the world into two rival blocs-
Capitalist bloc led by the USA and the communist bloc led by USSR. There was a state of
extreme political tension between the two blocs but no armed conflict took place. This is known
as the period of Cold War.

c) The two rival blocs that fought against each other during World War II were Allied Powers
and Axis powers.
And its signatory countries are”
1) Allied Powers: The Allied Powers included countries are Britain, France, (except during the
German occupation, 1940-44), the Soviet Union, China and the Unites States of America.
2) Axis Power: Axis Power included Germany, Italy and japan. These countries came together as
a result of the resentment due to the unjust treatment meted out to them after the World War I.

Question 10
The necessity to maintain International peace led to the establishment of the United
Nations Organisation. With reference to the statement, answer the following:
(a) Write any three functions of UNESCO that preserves our “Cultural Heritage”. [3]
(b) State the Composition of the Security Council. [3]
(c) Write any four functions of the General Assembly. [4]
Solution 10:
a) The three functions of UNESCO that preserves our “Cultural Heritage” are:
1) It helps the Member- States in the preservation of their cultural heritage and encourages
translation of rare manuscripts. It adopted a Convention to ensure that member- states take
measures to protect monuments of artistic or historic interest.
2) It encourages cultural interchange. UNESCO provides travel grants to writers and artists under
a project named Mutual Appreciation of Eastern and Western Cultural Values.
3) It gives every possible encouragement to artistic creations in the field of literature and fine
arts.

10
4) It plays a vital role in distribution knowledge about the human rights.
b) The Composition of the Security Council are:
1) The council consists of members. It has five permanent members- Chna, France, Russia,
Britain and the USA.
2) The regional representation of the ten non- permanent members is –
Afro- Asian countries (5)
Latin American countries (2)
West European and other countries (2)
East European countries (1)
3) The ten non-permanent members are elected majority for the term of two years. A retiring
member is not eligible for immediate re-election.
4) The Presidency of the Council rotates monthly, according to the English alphabetical listing of
its member States.
c) The four functions of the General Assembly are:
1) To discuss any question relating to international peace and security.
2) The General Assembly regulates the working of the other organs and Agencies of the United
Nations.
3) The General Assembly considers and approves the budget of the United Nations.
4) The Assembly elects the Non-permanent members of the Security Council and the members
of the Economics and Social Council.

11
 ICSE Board
Class X History and Civics
H.C.G – Paper 1
Board Paper – 2021-2022
Time: 1 hr Total Marks: 40

You will not be allowed to write doing the first 10 minutes.

This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

Select the correct option for each of the following questions.

Question 1
The Lok Sabha session which is conducted in the months of November and December is the
___________________. [1]
(a) Summer Session
(b) Monsoon Session
(c) Winter Session
(d) Budget Session

Question 2
The ____________________ motion allows the house to take up a definite matter of urgent
importance.
(a) No Confidence
(b) Adjournment
(c) Censure
(d) Prorogation

Question 3
Which of these denotes the correct composition of the Rajya Sabha? [1]
(a) 232 elected + 2 nominated
(b) 238 elected + 12 nominated
(c) 238 elected + 2 nominated
(d) 250 elected + 12 nominated

Question 4
What is the quorum of the Indian Parliament? [1]
(a) 1/3
(b) 1/2
(c) 1/10
(d) ¼
Question 5
Which of these statements regarding the Speaker is false? [1]
(a) He/She is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha.
(b) Elected from among the members of the Lok Sabha.
(c) Elected when the newly elected house meets for the first time.
(d) The members of both the houses vote to choose the Speaker.

Question 6
The Rajya Sabha is called a Permanent house because 1/3 members retire every
_____________. [1]
(a) two years
(b) one year
(c) three years
(d) six years

Question 7
Which of these is considered to be an exclusive power of the Rajya Sabha? [1]
(a) It can approve an Ordinary Bill.
(b) It can make amendments to the Constitution.
(c) It can empower the Parliament to make laws on the State list.
(d) It can make laws on subjects in the Union List.

Question 8
In case of a conflict between the Centre and the State with reference to a subject in the
Concurrent list _________________. [1]
(a) Each follow their own law.
(b) The State law will prevail.
(c) The President is empowered to decide.
(d) The Union law will prevail.

Question 9
The right of the members to _____________ is known as interpellation. [1]
(a) Ask question.
(b) Introduce motions.
(c) Adjourn the house.
(d) Interrupt the proceedings.

Question 10
Which of the following statements about Ordinances is false?
(a) Promulgated by the President.
(b) Issued when the Parliament is not in session.
(c) Has to be approved within six months from the re-assembly of the Parliament.
(d) Has to be approved by both the houses of the Parliament.
Question 11
Which of these is NOT a qualification required to be a member of the Rajya Sabha? [1]
(a) Should be a citizen of India.
(b) Should not be an insolvent.
(c) Should be at least 30 years of age.
(d) Should be a graduate from any university in India.

Question 12
Complete the given analogy. [1]
Election of Lok Sabha member: Citizens of India
Election of Rajya Sabha member: _______________
(a) Members of the Legislative Assembly.
(b) Members of the Legislative Council.
(c) Members of the Lok Sabha.
(d) Members of the Cabinet,

Question 13 [1]
Lok Sabha members from States 530
Lok Sabha members from Union territories ?
Question 16
Who was the founder of the Indian National Congress? [1]
(a) A. O. Hume
(b) W. C. Banerjee
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Question 17
Complete the analogy,
Non Cooperation Movement 1920: : Civil Disobedience Movement : _____________________[1]
(a) 1919
(b) 1932
(c) 1931
(d) 1930

Question 18
Which of these statements is NOT associated with Jyotiba Phule? [1]
(a) He established schools for girls
(b) He established the Bramho Samaj
(c) He established the Satya Shodak Samaj
(d) He was against the caste system

Question 19
Which of the following statements about Early Nationalists is false? [1]
(a) Their leaders were Dadabhai Naoroji and Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(b) They believed in constitutional means of protest.
(c) They wanted self-government under British rule
(d) They wanted to launch violent agitations against the British

Question 20
Who was Bengal partitioned? [1]
(a) 1905
(b) 1907
(c) 1906
(d) 1911

Question 21
Which of the following was a nationalist perspective of the partition of Bengal? [1]
(a) There was only Hindus in West Bengal.
(b) To divide the Hindus and Muslims.
(c) There were many riots in Bengal.
(d) It was an administrative necessity as Bengal was a large territory.
Question 22
From the given list, identify the objective of the Muslim league. [1]
(a) To train and organise public opinion in the country.
(b) To promote friendly relation between nationalist political workers.
(c) To promote among Muslims of India support for the British Government.
(d) To agitate through constitutional means.

Question 23
Repalce the underline word and correct the statement. [1]
Surendranath Banerjee presided over the second session of the Indian National Congress.
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji
(b) W.C. Bonnerjee
(c) Rashbehri Ghosh
(d) Badruddin Tyabji

Question 24
Which of these statement is NOT associated with the Jallianwala Bagh massacre? [1]
(a) It happened in the year 1919
(b) General Dyer was responsible for the massacre.
(c) It became cause for the Non-Cooperation movement.
(d) It became cause for the Civil Disobedience movement.

Question 25
The Khilafat movement was started under the leadership ______________. [1]
(a) Ali Brothers
(b) Dr. Saifuddin Kitchulu
(c) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
(d) Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan

Question 26
What was the cause for the sudden suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement? [1]
(a) Repressive measures of the British
(b) The Chauri-Chaura incident
(c) The Gandhi – Irwin pact
(d) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Question 27
How did the Lahore session of 1929 lead to the Civil Disobedience movement? [1]
(a) The Declaration of Poorna Swaraj was passed
(b) Subash Chandra Bose was made the President of the Congress
(c) Simon Commission recommendations were accepted
(d) Congress passed a resolution to begin the Civil Disobedience movement
Question 28
What were the causes of the Quit India Movement? [1]
(a) Failure of Simon Commission and Rowlatt Act.
(b) Failure of the Cripps mission and Declaration of Poorna Swaraj.
(c) Growing unemployment and Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
(d) Failure of Cripps Mission and Japanese threat.

Question 29
Which of the following is NOT a clause of the Indian Independence Act 1947? [1]
(a) All treaties made with the British would lapse.
(b) The army and assets would belong only to India.
(c) The constituent Assemblies would serve as Central Legislatures.
(d) The Princely States were free to associate themselves with either dominion.

Question 30
Identify the famous slogan of Subash Chandra Bose. [1]
(a) Give me blood and I shall give you freedom
(b) Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it.
(c) Do or die
(d) Vande Mataram

Question 31
Which of the following was a reason for the acceptance of the Mountbatten plan [1]
(a) The British forced the congress to accept the plan.
(b) The Muslim league cooperate in the governance.
(c) The only alternative to partition was a Federation with a weak Centre.
(d) The Princely States wanted to accept the plan.

Question 32
Which of the following was an objective of the Indian National Army? [1]
(a) To formulate and present the demand to the government.
(b) To make the world aware of the true nature of British rule in India.
(c) Total mobilization of Indian manpower and money for a total war.
(d) To establish Home Rule in India.

Question 33
Read the passage given and answer the questions that follow:
India’s first war of independence, better known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857, began on
May 10 in the year 1857, The first martyr of the revolt was Mangal Pandey and the war was
result of accumulation of many factors over time. The rebellion of 1857 is considered the
first blow that came to shatter the British rule in India. Some epicenters of the revolt were
– Kanpur, Lucknow, Aligarh, Agra, Delhi, and Jhansi. Due to all the epicenters being far from
the each other, there was a communication gap between the leaders of different part of
India. Due to the rebellion having no central leadership, it got limited to some parts of India
only. Rebels did not have enough weapons and finance whereas British people had
advanced weapons and enough finance.
- India Today
(i) Identify the immediate cause of the above revolt [1]
(a) The general Service Enlistment Act.
(b) The inhuman treatment of indigo cultivators.
(c) The subsidiary alliance.
(d) The incident of greased cartridges.

(ii) Which policy of expansion led to the annexation of Awadh? [1]

(a) Subsidiary alliance
(b) Doctrine of Lapse
(c) Pretext of alleged misrule
(d) Outright wars

(iii) Which of these is a socio – religious cause of the revolt? [1]

(a) Taxing religious places.
(b) Decay of cottage industries.
(c) Drain of wealth.
(d) Exploitation of economic resources.

(iv) The British showed total disregard towards the soldiers. In this context, which of the
following statement is NOT true? [1]
(a) They were deprived of allowances.
(b) They were forced to go overseas on duty.
(c) They were given the same salaries as that of the British soldiers.
(d) The chances of promotion were very bleak.

Question 34
Look at the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Identify the leaders in the picture. [1]

(a) Surendranath Banerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra pal
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal
(ii) Which group of Congress did they belong to? [1]
(a) Early Nationalist
(b) Assertive Nationalist
(c) Revolutionaries
(d) Swarajists

(iii) What was there main objective? [1]

(a) Attainment of Poorna Swaraj
(b) Self-Government under British Rule
(c) Abolition of Indian Council
(d) Demand for Provincial Government for Indians.

(iv) What are the methods associated with them? [1]

(a) Prayers and protest
(b) Swadeshi and Boycott
(c) Sending Deputations of Indian leaders to Britain
(d) Sending petitions to the British government.
 Solutions

Answer 1
(c) Winter Session

Answer 2
(b) Adjournment

Answer 3
(b) 238+12 nominated

Answer 4
(c) 1/10

Answer 5
(d) The members of both the houses vote to choose the Speaker.

Answer 6
(d) Six years

Answer 7
(c) It can empower the Parliament to make laws on the State list

Answer 8
(d) The Union law will prevail.

Answer 9
(a) Ask questions

Answer 10
(d) Has to be approved by both the houses of the Parliament.

Answer 11
(d) Should be a graduate from any university in India.

Answer 12
(a) Members of the Legislative Assembly
Answer 13
(c) 20

Answer 14
(b) Proclamation of a National Emergency

Answer 15
(b) Amendment of Constitution

Answer 16
(a) A. O. Hume

Answer 17
(d) 1930

Answer 18
(b) He established the Brahmo Samaj

Answer 19
(d) They wanted to launch violent agitations against the British

Answer 20
(a) 1905

Answer 21
(b) To divide the Hindus and Muslims.

Answer 22
(c) To promote among Muslims of India support for the British Government.

Answer 23
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji

Answer 24
(d) It became a cause for the Civil Disobedience Movement

Answer 25
(a) Ali Brothers

Answer 26
(b) The Chauri-Chaura Incident

Answer 27
(a) The Declaration of Poorna Swaraj was passed
Answer 28
(d) Failure of Cripps Mission and Japanese threat

Answer 29
(b) The army and assets would belong only to India.

Answer 30
(a) Give me blood and I shall give you freedom

Answer 31
(c) The only alternative to partition was a Federation with a weak Centre.

Answer 32
(c) Total mobilization of Indian manpower and money for a total war

Answer 33
(i) (d) The incident of greased cartridges
(ii) (c) Pretext of alleged misrule
(iii) (a) Taxing religious places
(iv) (c) They were given the same salaries as that of the British soldiers.

Answer 34
(i) (d) Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal
(ii) (b) Assertive Nationalists
(iii) (a) Attainment of Poorna Swaraj
(iv) (b) Swadeshi and Boycott
Semester-2
HISTORY & CIVICS
2022
Maximum Marks: 40

Time allowed: One and a half hours

Answers to this Paper must he written on the paper provided separately.

You will not be allowed to write during the first 10 minutes.

This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.

The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers

Attempt all questions from Section A.

Attempt all questions from Part I (compulsory). A total of three questions are to be attempted from Part II, (one out of two questions from
Section A and two out of three questions from Section B.)

The marks intended for questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART I

(Attempt all questions)

Question 1.

Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. (Do not copy the question. Write the correct answer only.) [10]

(i) The High Court judge can remain in office till he/she attains the age of ...........

(a) 60 years (b) 65 years

(c) 62 years (d) 55 years

(ii) Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the Lok Adalat?

(a) It reduces the burden on High Courts

(b) Works on the spirit of Compromise

(c) The cases take a long time to get resolved

(d) It involves very less expenses

(iii) A person should have completed the age of.......... to be eligible for election as Vice-President.

(a) 21 years (b) 30 years

(c) 35 years (d) 25 years

(iv) The President can declare a National/ General Emergency when...............

(a) There is a threat to the security of the country

(b) There is financial instability in the country

(c) The Governor gives a report recommending Emergency

(d) The Election Commission recommends its proclamation

(v) The Sessions Court deals with............cases.

(a) Civil (b) Criminal

(c) Constitutional (d) Revenue

(vi) Which of the following countries is NOT a permanent member of the Security Council?

(a) France (b) China

(c) Germany (d) Britain

(vii) The signatory Countries of the Triple Alliance were...............

(a) Germany, France, Italy

(b) France, Britain, Russia

(c) Germany, Italy, Austria Hungary

(d) Britain, Russia, Italy

(viii) The full form of UNESCO is........

(a) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

(b) United Nations Economic, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

(c) United Nations Educational, Social and Cultural Organisation

(d) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Commercial Organisation

(ix) The Security Council consists of............ non-permanent members.

(a) Fifteen (b) Ten

(c) Five (d) Six

(x) The term Non-Alignment means...........

(a) not to form any new alliance

(b) not to align with any of the power blocs

(c) not to participate in the world affairs

(d) to be part of military alliances

PART II

SECTION A

(Attempt any one question from this Section.)

Question 2.

The Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers formulate and implement the policies which govern the country. In this context, answer the
following questions :

(i) Under what circumstances can the President use his discretion to appoint the Prime Minister? On whose advice does he appointment
Council of Ministers? [2]

(ii) What is meant by the term Collective Responsibility of ministers? [2]

(iii) Name the three categories of the Council of Ministers. [3]

(iv) Mention any three powers of the Prime Minister with reference to the President. [3]

Question 3.

The Supreme Court is at the apex of the entire system of judiciary. In this context, answer the following questions :

(i) What is the term of the Supreme Court judge? Name the procedure through which the judge can be removed. [2]

(ii) What is meant by Judicial Review? [2]

(iii) Explain the term Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. Mention any two kinds of cases which come under this jurisdiction.[3]

(iv) Name any three writs which can be issued by the Supreme Court. [3]
 SECTION B

(Attempt any two questions from this Section.)

Question 4.

The First World War had a devastating effect on the world and caused unprecedented destruction. With reference to the First World War,
answer the following questions :

(i) Name the signatory countries of the Triple Entente. [2]

(ii) What is meant by the term Imperialism? [2]

(iii) Explain the immediate cause of the First World War. [3]

(iv) What was the amount of war reparation that Germany had to pay the allies? Mention any two terms of the Treaty of Versailles which
affected the German military. [3]

Question 5.

Look at the picture given and answer the questions that follow :

(i) Identify the leader in the picture. What was the name given to the form of dictatorship practiced by him? [2]

(ii) State any two similar ideologies of the dictators. [2]

(iii) What was the immediate cause of the Second World War? Mention any two reasons for it. [3]

(iv) Explain how the Japanese invasion of China became a cause for the Second World War. [3]

Question 6.

With reference to the United Nations Organisation, answer the following questions :

(i) State any two objectives of the United Nations Organisation. [2]

(ii) How many judges is the International Court of Justice composed of? What is their term? [2]

(iii) Mention any three functions of the General Assembly. [3]

(iv) What is the full form of WHO? Mention any two of its functions. [3]
 History and Civics
CISCE
Academic Year: 2023-2024
(English Medium)
Date & Time: 26th February 2024, 11:00 am

Duration: 2h Marks: 100

1. Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the
answers.
5. Attempt all questions from Part I (Compulsory).
6. A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II, two out of three
questions from Section A, and three out of five questions from Section B.
7. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in
brackets [ ].

PART-I (30 Marks) (Attempt all questions from this Part.)

Q1. Select the correct answers to the questions from the given options. (Do not copy
the questions. Write the correct answer only.)

1.1. The salaries and allowances of the ministers are decided by the ______.

1. Parliament

2. Finance Minister

3. President

4. Prime Minister

Solution

The salaries and allowances of the ministers are decided by the parliament.

Explanation:
The salary and allowances of ministers are determined by Parliament, which has the
authority to adjust them from time to time. Parliament alone has the authority to
address these issues.

1.2. Civil Cases : Court of District Judge :: Criminal Cases : ______

1. Revenue Court

2. Family Court

3. Sessions Court

4. Commissioner's Court

Solution

Civil Cases : Court of District Judge :: Criminal Cases : Sessions Court

Explanation:

Civil cases are heard in the District Court, while criminal cases are heard in the
Sessions Court, both of which are presided over by the Sessions Judge.

1.3. The Lok Adalat has many advantages. Which of the following statements about
the advantages of the Lok Adalat is best described in the picture given above?

1. It is inexpensive.

2. It is organised in various parts of the country.

3. It works in the spirit of compromise.

4. It reduces the burden of the higher courts.

Solution

It works in the spirit of compromise.

Explanation:

Lok Adalats are known as 'People's Courts'. They are legal forums that encourage the
peaceful resolution of legal issues between opposing parties.
1.4. Given below are details of Indian citizens. Select the ones who are eligible for
appointment as a High Court Judge:

Candidate Age Details

P 65 Is a distinguished jurist

Q 61 Has been a High Court Advocate for 10 years

R 67 Has been a High Court Advocate for 5 years

S 56 Has held a judicial office for at least 10 years

1. P and R

2. Q and S

3. R and P

4. Q and R

Solution

Q and S

Explanation:

The eligibility for becoming a judge of the High Court is as follows:

To be appointed as a judge of a High Court, a person:

1. should be a citizen of India.

2. should not be above 62 years of age.

3. should have held a judicial office within the territory of India for at least 10
years

OR

Must have at least 10 years of experience as an attorney in a High Court (or

successive High Courts).

1.5. The strength of the house is 550. On a particular day, 50 members are present.
The speaker decides to adjourn the house. Identify the MOST LIKELY reason for the
adjournment.
 1. Disorder in the house

2. Lack of quorum

3. Breach of privilege

4. Contempt of the House

Solution

Lack of quorum

Explanation:

A minimum of 10% of the entire house must be present for a session to take place.
For procedures to take place in a house of 550 members, at least 55 members must
be present.

1.6. During a hung assembly when no party gets the majority, the President appoints
the Prime Minister. What power is the President exercising?

1. Legislative

2. Executive

3. Discretionary

4. Judicial

Solution

Discretionary

Explanation:

The President of India has certain discretionary powers; in the event of a hung
Parliament, the President may appoint the leader of the single largest party as Prime
Minister and give him or her time to show his or her majority through a vote in
Parliament.

1.7. Read the two statements given below and select the option that shows the
correct relationship between (A) and (R):

Assertion (A): Forward Bloc had the objective of abolishing Zamindari System.

Reason (R): Subhash Chandra Bose wanted to establish a socialist state.

1. A is true but R is false.

 2. R is the reason for A.

3. Both A and R are false.

4. Only R is true, A is false.

Solution

R is the reason for A.

Explanation:

Subhash Chandra Bose founded the Forward Bloc in 1939, after resigning as
President of the Congress. He aimed to construct a communist state by removing the
Zamindari system.

1.8. The ______ aimed to introduce equality between British and Indian Judges.

1. Vernacular Press Act

2. Gagging Act

3. Indian Universities Act

4. Ilbert Bill

Solution

The Ilbert Bill aimed to introduce equality between British and Indian Judges.

Explanation:

The Ilbert Bill, proposed by Sir C.P. Ilbert in 1883, brought Indian judges up to level
with European judges in many ways. It allowed Indian judges to try European
subjects, which was previously prohibited.

1.9. The Rowlatt Act was called the Black Act because the Indians ______.

1. could not possess any arms

2. could not export any goods

3. could be arrested without a warrant

4. could be sent overseas on duty

Solution
The Rowlatt Act was called the Black Act because the Indians could be arrested
without a warrant.

Explanation:

The Rowlatt Act, passed in 1919, was heavily attacked by Indian leaders because it
enabled the incarceration of political prisoners without trial, providing British
authority unrestricted power.

1.10. Who organised the Grand Delhi Durbar?

1. Lord Curzon

2. Lord Canning

3. Lord Lytton

4. Lord Dalhousie

Solution

Lord Lytton

Explanation:

Lord Lytton organised a Grand Delhi Durbar in 1877 to proclaim Queen Victoria as the
Empress of India.

1.11. Tina is inspired by the methods of the Early Nationalists and wants to follow
them. She notices that the road leading to her school is damaged and has many
potholes. Which of the following methods is she MOST LIKELY to follow to solve this
problem?

1. Boycott the civic authorities

2. Gather a group of students and protest

3. Write a petition to the authorities highlighting the problem

4. Block the entrance to the road

Solution

Write a petition to the authorities highlighting the problem

Explanation:
The Early Nationalists employed the three P's, i.e. Petitions, Prayers and Protests.
They sent petitions, requests and letters of protest to the British government to look
into the problems of the Indians.

1.12. Given below are the objectives of the Indian National Army. Identify the odd one
out of the following:

1. To organise a provisional government of Free India

2. Total mobilisation of Indian manpower and money

3. Unity, faith and sacrifice

4. To train and organise public opinion in the country

Solution

To train and organise public opinion in the country

Explanation:

The first three goals concern the Indian National Army, while the fourth is related to
the Indian National Congress.

1.13. Tahir is preparing to give a speech about the Sati system in India. Which of the
following Indian leader's contributions MUST he mention in his speech?

1. Raja Rammohan Roy

2. W. C. Banerjee

3. Bipin Chandra Pal

4. Jyotiba Phule

Solution

Raja Rammohan Roy

Explanation:

Raja Rammohan Roy played a pivotal role in the abolition of the Sati system in India.
In 1829, Governor-General William Bentinck finally put an end to the practice as a
result of his efforts.

1.14. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the Second World War?

1. Austria and Hungary became separate states

 2. Defeat of the Axis powers

3. Beginning of the Cold War

4. Formation of the United Nations

Solution

Austria and Hungary became separate states

Explanation:

While the other three are results of the Second World War, the first option comes
from the First World War.

1.15. Identify the principle of panchsheel.

1. Mutual non-aggression

2. Regulate armaments

3. Take action against aggressor

4. Recommend admission of members

Solution

Mutual non-aggression

Explanation:

The first principle relates to Panchsheel; the Security Council is related to the other
three.

1.16. Which incident depicted in the above cartoon led to the beginning of the Second
World War?

1. Hitler's policy of Imperialism

2. Hitler's attack on Poland

3. Hitler's annexation of Austria

4. Hitler's attack on Czechoslovakia

Solution

Hitler's attack on Poland

Explanation:

Tension between Germany and Poland sprang mostly from the Danzig Corridor. Up
until the Treaty of Versailles moved it to Poland, it had been a feature of Germany.
Hitler sought to recover this passage and the German invasion of Poland turned out
to be the immediate reason World War II started.

Q2.

2.1. Mention any two writs issued by the High Court.

Solution

The two writs issued by the High Court are:

1. Writ of Habeas Corpus

2. Writ of Prohibition

2.2. Imagine you are an Indian ruler who has signed the Subsidiary Alliance. Mention
any two conditions of this agreement which will affect you.

Solution

Two terms of the Subsidiary Alliance would greatly impact me as an Indian ruler
signing it:

1. I would have to turn in my foreign alliances to the East India Company. This
implies that, without British permission, I, the ruler, would no longer have the
power to form any diplomatic or military alliances.

2. I would have to let British troops be housed on my land at my own expense.

3. I would have to pledge not to engage any Europeans in my service without first
informing the Company and accept a British Resident in my court.

2.3. Mention any two causes of the Quit India Movement.

Solution

The two causes of the Quit India Movement were:

1. Failure of the Cripps Mission.

 2. Threat of the Japanese attack.

3. Disagreement between the Congress and the Muslim League.

2.4. (a) In which year did the Surat Split happen?

Solution

The Surat Split occurred in 1907.

2.4. (b) What was the result of the Surat split?

Solution

As a result of this split, the Indian National Congress was divided into two factions:
the Moderates, also known as Early Nationalists and the Radicals, also known as
Assertive Nationalists.

2.5. Mention any two common ideologies of Fascism and Nazism.

Solution

Two common ideologies of Fascism and Nazism were:

1. Both spread totalitarian beliefs controlling all areas, including the public and
private ones.

2. Both aimed to stop communism from spreading into their own nations.

2.6. Name the two cities of Japan which were bombed by America in the year 1945.

Solution

The two Japanese cities which were bombed by America in the year 1945 were
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

2.7. Read the given news carefully and answer the question that follows:

Govt's power to promulgate, repromulgate Ordinances - why and how

An Ordinance "shall have the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament". But
the government is required to bring an Ordinance before Parliament for ratification
- and failure to do so will lead to its lapsing "at the expiration of six weeks from the
reassembly of Parliament".

The Indian Express - May 25, 2023

Mention any two points regarding an ordinance that can be deduced from the above
news.

Solution

The two points about an ordinance that can be derived from the supplied news are:

1. An ordinance is a temporary law enacted when Parliament is not in session.

2. The President of India has the authority to issue an ordinance in times of

emergency.

PART-II SECTION-A (20 Marks) (Attempt any two questions from this Section.)

Q3.

3.1. The Union Parliament is the supreme legislative body in the country. With
reference to the Indian Parliament answer the following question:

The Rajya Sabha is called a Permanent House. Explain this statement.

Solution

The Rajya Sabha is known as a Permanent House because, if the Lok Sabha is
dissolved before or after the declaration of a National Emergency, the Rajya Sabha
becomes the sole de facto and de jure Parliament, taking over the powers of the
Parliament. As a result, it cannot be dissolved.

3.2. The Union Parliament is the supreme legislative body in the country. With
reference to the Indian Parliament answer the following question:

Explain the composition of the Rajya Sabha.

Solution

The Rajya Sabha has a maximum number of 250 members, which are divided into
two categories: nominated and elected.

1. Nominated Members: The President selects 12 members with specialised

expertise or practical experience in areas such as literature, science, art, and
social service.

2. Elected Members: The remaining 238 members are elected delegates from the
states and the two Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry. Seats are
 apportioned based on population, resulting in an unequal distribution
between states and union territories.

3.3. (a) The Union Parliament is the supreme legislative body in the country. With
reference to the Indian Parliament answer the following question:

Mention any two exclusive powers of the Lok Sabha.

Solution

Exclusive powers of the Lok Sabha:

1. A motion of no confidence against the government can only be presented and

passed in the Lok Sabha.

2. Money Bills may only be introduced in the Lok Sabha.

3. In the event of an impasse between the two Houses over a non-financial

ordinary law, the Lok Sabha typically prevails because it has more than twice
as many members as the Rajya Sabha.

3.3. (b) The Union Parliament is the supreme legislative body in the country. With
reference to the Indian Parliament answer the following question:

Mention any two powers exclusive to the Rajya Sabha.

Solution

Exclusive powers of the Rajya Sabha:

1. The Rajya Sabha passes the President's Proclamation of Emergency if the Lok
Sabha is not in session or has been dissolved.

2. Without a 2/3 majority of the Rajya Sabha, the Lok Sabha cannot pass any laws
on any of the State List topics.

3. Rajya Sabha permission is required for the establishment of one or more All
India Services that benefit both the Union and the states.

Q4.

4.1. The Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister, is the most Powerful
Institution in the Indian Polity. In this context answer the following:

Distinguish between the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet.

The Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister aids and advises the President.
In this context, answer the following question:

Mention any three points to distinguish between the Council of Ministers and the
Cabinet.

Solution

Council of Minister Cabinet

1. The Council of Ministers consists of all The Cabinet is a smaller group

categories of Ministers Cabinet consisting of some 25 senior Ministers
Ministers, Ministers of State and holding important portfolios such as
Deputy Ministers. Defence, Finance, Home, etc.

2. The Prime Minister may or may not They are the most trusted colleagues
consult the other Ministers, below the of the Prime Minister. The Prime
rank of Cabinet Ministers. Minister always consults them. The
decisions of the Cabinet are binding on
all the members.

3. In the day-to- day working of the The Cabinet is a small cohesive group
government, the Council of Ministers, of senior Ministers who determine the
as a whole, rarely meets. policies and programmes of the
Government. Hence, they meet as
frequently as possible.

4.2. (a) The Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister aids and advises the
President. In this context, answer the following question:

Who appoints the Cabinet Ministers?

Solution

The President appoints the Cabinet Ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister.

4.2. (b) The Cabinet holds a pivotal position in the working of the Indian
Parliamentary Government. In this context discuss the following:

Any two administrative powers of the Cabinet.

The Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister aids and advises the President.
In this context, answer the following question:
Mention any two administrative powers of the Cabinet.

Solution

Administrative Powers of the Cabinet are:

1. The Cabinet develops the Government's foreign and domestic policies,

including defence, economic policies, security needs, President's Rule in State,
the formation of new States, industrial policy, imports, and electoral reform.

2. Once the Cabinet has approved the policy, the Ministers in charge implement it
through administrative action or by drafting a Bill and guiding it through the
Legislature.

3. It coordinates the activities of numerous departments to ensure policy

implementation goes smoothly.

4.3. The Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister aids and advises the
President. In this context, answer the following question:

The President is the nominal head of the Indian Union. Mention any four functions of
the Prime Minister with reference to the President.

Solution

Four functions of the Prime Minister with reference to the President:

1. The Prime Minister exercises all of the President's authority. He/she is the
president's top advisor. Thus, the President is the nominal head, while the
Prime Minister is the true executive of the Indian Union.

2. The President summons and prorogues Parliament and dissolves the Lok
Sabha based on the Prime Minister's advice.

3. The President appoints the ministers after the Prime Minister chooses them,
based on his or her recommendations. Ministers may be removed based on
the Prime Minister's advice.

4. The Prime Minister advises the President on numerous selections for

significant positions, including as Supreme Court judges, governors and
ambassadors.

Q5.
5.1. (a) The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and guards the Indian
Constitution. With reference to the Supreme Court of India, answer the following:

What is the composition of the Supreme Court?

Solution

The Supreme Court of India is made up of a Chief Justice of India and no more than
33 other justices, unless Parliament by legislation, requires a larger number of judges.

5.1. (b) Why is the Supreme Court described as a ‘Court of Record’?

The Supreme Court is the head of the entire system of judiciary. In this context,
answer the following question:

Why is the Supreme Court called the Court of Record?

The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and guards the Indian
Constitution. With reference to the Supreme Court of India, answer the following:

Why is the Supreme Court called the Court of Record?

Solution 1

The Supreme Court is a Court of Record. A ‘Court of Record’ is a Court whose

judgements are recorded for evidence and testimony, which are duly printed for
future references in the Court as well as for the use of lawyers in their pleadings.

Solution 2

It is called the Court of Record because:

1. Its judgements and orders are preserved as a record. These precedents may
be presented in any court.

2. It has the power to impose penalties on an individual who violates its

mandates.

5.2. The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and guards the Indian
Constitution. With reference to the Supreme Court of India, answer the following:

Explain the power of Judicial Review.

Solution

Power of Judicial Review:

 1. The Supreme Court interprets the Constitution, and its decision is final. It has
the authority to assess legislation that the union or state legislature has
passed.

2. The power of judicial review is implicitly granted to the Supreme Court by its
ability to invalidate a law that violates Fundamental Rights.

3. The Supreme Court may examine the constitutionality of any law. If the court
finds that a law is in conflict with the Constitution's provisions, it declares it to
be unconstitutional and inapplicable.

5.3. (a) The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and guards the Indian
Constitution. With reference to the Supreme Court of India, answer the following:

What is meant by the term 'Original Jurisdiction'?

Solution

The Supreme Court has the authority to hear and adjudicate cases that cannot be
moved to any other court in the first instance. This is known as the original
jurisdiction.

5.3. (b) The Supreme Court is the head of the entire system of judiciary. In this
context, answer the following question:

Mention any three cases which come under the Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court.

The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and guards the Indian
Constitution. With reference to the Supreme Court of India, answer the following:

Mention any three cases which come under the Original Jurisdiction.

Solution

1. A dispute between the Government of India and one or more states. A dispute
between two or more states.

2. The original jurisdiction also encompasses cases of violations of the

Fundamental Rights of individuals, and the court has the authority to issue
multiple writs to enforce these rights.
 3. All cases necessitating the interpretation of the Constitution may be submitted
directly to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court possesses exclusive
jurisdiction over inquiries regarding the constitutionality of Central laws.

4. The Supreme Court has the authority to transfer certain cases from one court
to another or to itself under Article 139A, which was incorporated by the 44th
Amendment in 1978. It has the potential to convey cases that are of significant
importance or that involve legal issues.

SECTION-B (30 Marks) (Attempt any three questions from this Section.)

Q6.

6.1. The Revolt of 1857 was the beginning of the independence struggle against the
colonial rule of the British. With reference to the consequences of the Revolt, answer
the following:

Mention any three changes made in the administration with the end of the
Company's Rule.

Solution

After the Revolt of 1857, the following changes were made in the administration with
the end of the Company's Rule:

1. The governance of India was passed from the East India Company to the
British Crown.

2. India was to be controlled by the Secretary of State for India, who would be
assisted by a fifteen-member Council appointed by the Viceroy.

3. The Governor-General was appointed as the Viceroy of India.

4. Civil service appointments were to be made by open competition in

accordance with guidelines established by the Secretary of State.

6.2. The Revolt of 1857 was the beginning of the independence struggle against the
colonial rule of the British. With reference to the consequences of the Revolt, answer
the following:

Mention any four changes made in the army after the Revolt.

Solution

The changes made in the army after the Revolt of 1857 were as follows:
 1. The strength of European forces in India was raised, with the general idea that
the number of Indian sepoys should not be more than twice that of European
troops.

2. European forces were stationed in strategic geographic and military locations.

3. To dissuade Indian soldiers from rebelling against British control, advanced

weaponry and ammunition were never placed in the hands of Indians.

4. To prevent nationalism, most regiments implemented caste and community

distinctions.

5. Newspapers, magazines and nationalist publications were denied access to the

soldiers in order to isolate the Indian army from the rest of the people.

Q7.

7.1. (a) The Indian National Movement is divided into three phases. With reference to
the Second Phase of the Indian National Movement, answer the following question:

Who was responsible for the partition of Bengal?

Solution

In 1905, Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, partitioned Bengal.

7.1. (b) The Indian National Movement is divided into three phases. With reference to
the Second Phase of the Indian National Movement, answer the following question:

Mention any two points to explain the perspective of the Nationalists regarding the
actual motive behind the decision of partition.

Solution

1. Bengal was the centre of Indian nationalism at the time. The British expected
that splitting Bengal would stop the rise of nationalism.

2. The partition of Bengal was meant to limit Bengali influence by not only
dividing it into two administrations but also by reducing it to a minority inside
Bengal itself.

3. The partition was meant to create religious divisions. East Bengal will be
predominantly Muslim and West Bengal will be mostly Hindu.
7.2. (a) The Indian National Movement is divided into three phases. With reference to
the Second Phase of the Indian National Movement, answer the following question:

What was the objective of the Assertive Nationalists?

Solution

The main objective of Assertive Nationalists was Poorna Swaraj or Complete

Independence for the nation.

7.2. (b) The Indian National Movement is divided into three phases. With reference to
the Second Phase of the Indian National Movement, answer the following question:

Mention any two contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

Solution

The two contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak are as follows:

1. His Role in the Anti-Partition Movement: The partition of Bengal provided him
with an excellent opportunity to reveal the government's wicked designs. Tilak,
together with Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai, converted the anti-
partition campaign into a Swaraj movement.

2. Home Rule Movement: In 1916, the Home Rule Leagues were established in
Madras and Maharashtra. Tilak and Annie Besant lead both leagues.

7.3. (a) When was the All India Muslim League formed?

The Indian National Movement is divided into three phases. With reference to the
Second Phase of the Indian National Movement, answer the following question:

In which year was the Muslim League formed?

Solution

The All India Muslim League was formed in Dacca on December 30, 1906, under the
Presidentship of Nawab Salimullah.

7.3. (b) Mention any three aims of the Muslim League.

The Indian National Movement is divided into three phases. With reference to the
Second Phase of the Indian National Movement, answer the following question:

Mention any three objectives of the Muslim League.

Solution
The aims of the League were laid down as follows:

i. To promote among Indian Muslims feelings of loyalty towards the British

Government. The League would also remove misconceptions regarding the
intentions of the government towards Indian Muslims.

ii. To protect the political and other rights of the Muslims and to place their
needs and aspirations before the government in mild and moderate language.

iii. To prevent the rise of any feeling of hostility between Muslims and other
communities without adversely affecting the aforesaid objectives of the
League.

Q8.

8.1. (a) Look at the picture given and answer the following question:

Name the Viceroy who announced the plan for a smooth transfer of power.

Solution

Viceroy Lord Mountbatten announced the plan for a smooth transfer of power.

8.1. (b) Look at the picture given and answer the following question:

Mention any two clauses of the Mountbatten Plan with reference to the Princely
States.
Solution

The two clauses of his plan with reference to the Princely States were:

i. Every treaty and arrangement between the British government and the leaders
of Indian States would vanish.

ii. They would be free to identify with any of the dominions, that is, India or
Pakistan or stay independent.

8.2. Write any two reasons for the acceptance of the Mountbatten Plan by the
Congress.

Look at the picture given and answer the following question:

Mention any three reasons for the acceptance of the Mountbatten Plan by the
Congress.

Solution

Acceptance of the Mountbatten plan by the congress causes:

1. The large-scale communal riots that engulfed the whole country convinced all
that the only solution to the communal problem lay in the Partition of India.

2. The leaders felt that further delay in the transfer of power could find India in
the midst of a Civil War.

3. The League joined the Interim Government out of opposition or non-

cooperation. Working with the League had persuaded the Congress that it
could not have a shared government with the League.

4. A federation with a weak central was the only substitute for the Partition. A
strong central authority in a smaller India was preferable to one in a large state
with a weak centre.
8.3. Look at the picture given and answer the following question:

Mention any four provisions of the Indian Independence Act of 1947.

Solution

The main provisions of the Indian Independence Act of 1947 were:

1. Partition: The Act called for the partition of India into two autonomous
dominions: India and Pakistan. Pakistan was to include East Bengal, West
Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, the North-West Frontier Province and the district
of Sylhet in Assam. India was to cover all of the remaining regions of British
India.

2. Constituent Assembly: Separate Constituent Assemblies were established for

the two dominions. Each would act as the Central Legislature for their
respective dominions.

3. Princely States: The Princely States gained independence and all powers
exercised by British authority were abolished.

4. Abolishing the post of Secretary of State: The office of Secretary of State was
abolished and safeguards were created to protect the interests of existing
officers appointed by India's Secretary of State.

5. Governor-General: Each dominion would have a constitutional head who

would carry out the wishes of the ministers.

6. Asset and Army split: Provisions were made to ensure a smooth split of the
Armed Forces between the two dominions, as well as actions to share assets
and liabilities.

Q9.
9.1. The final act of the long-drawn-out negotiations took place at Versailles on
Saturday afternoon and to-day Germany and the Allies - always with the exception of
America - are at peace. Peace is a blessed word and both the word and the fact are
welcome to-day. So far as Germany is concerned, there is for the present, an end of
strife and at least a formal return to the decent relations of civilised states.

Editorial: Peace in force (12 January 1920)

The Guardian

Mention any three causes of the World War which ended with the signing of the
treaty being discussed in the passage above.

Solution

1. Militant Nationalism: Intense rivalry and enmity between European nations,

particularly Germany, France and the Balkan republics, fueled the rise of
militant nationalism, also known as competitive patriotism. Germany, under
Kaiser Wilhelm II, began to exert its global might. On the other hand, France
sought an opportunity to exact revenge on Germany, which had acquired its
mineral-rich provinces of Alsace and Lorraine during the Franco-Prussian War
(1870-71). Balkan states such as Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro
desired independence from Turkey and Austria-Hungary.

2. Armament Race: Intense nationalism and competition to acquire and protect

colonies led to a race for weaponry. Germany began the race for weapons by
building its navy. Germany began to deepen the Kiel Canal to secure its
colonies in Africa and other areas so that battleships could shelter in its
waters. Britain and France began upgrading their armaments in response to
Germany's growing military might, which eventually led to an arms race.

3. Division of Europe into two armed camps: On the eve of World War I, Europe
was split into two large armed camps: the Triple Alliance and the Triple
Entente. Triple Alliance is comprised of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and
Turkey. Britain, France and Russia founded the Triple Entente to oppose the
Triple Alliance. Japan later joined it.

9.2. (a) The final act of the long-drawn-out negotiations took place at Versailles on
Saturday afternoon and to-day Germany and the Allies - always with the exception of
America - are at peace. Peace is a blessed word and both the word and the fact are
welcome to-day. So far as Germany is concerned, there is for the present, an end of
strife and at least a formal return to the decent relations of civilised states.

Editorial: Peace in force (12 January 1920)

The Guardian

Name the organization which was established in 1920 to maintain peace after this
war.

Solution

The League of Nations was established in 1920 to maintain peace after the First World
War.

9.2. (b) The final act of the long-drawn-out negotiations took place at Versailles on
Saturday afternoon and to-day Germany and the Allies - always with the exception of
America - are at peace. Peace is a blessed word and both the word and the fact are
welcome to-day. So far as Germany is concerned, there is for the present, an end of
strife and at least a formal return to the decent relations of civilised states.

Editorial: Peace in force (12 January 1920)

The Guardian

Mention any two objectives of the League of Nations.

Solution

i. To preserve peace and security in the world.

ii. To settle international conflicts in a peaceful manner.
iii. To promote just and honourable relations among the nations of the world.
iv. To force its members not to resort to war.

9.3. The final act of the long-drawn-out negotiations took place at Versailles on
Saturday afternoon and to-day Germany and the Allies - always with the exception of
America - are at peace. Peace is a blessed word and both the word and the fact are
welcome to-day. So far as Germany is concerned, there is for the present, an end of
strife and at least a formal return to the decent relations of civilised states.

Editorial: Peace in force (12 January 1920)

The Guardian

Mention any four clauses of the Treaty which affected Germany.

Solution

Germany was compelled to sign the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919 and was
forced to accept the following comparatively harsh clauses:

1. Since Germany and her allies were found guilty of aggression, they were
compelled to cede portions of their pre-war borders to Denmark, Belgium,
Poland, and Czechoslovakia.

2. Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France. Furthermore, the Saar Valley, which is

famous for its coal mining, was ceded to France for 15 years.

3. Germany had to lose her whole colonial empire, which was split among the
victors. Togoland and Cameroon were split between France and England.
German territories in South-West and East Africa were also taken away from
her and divided among England, Belgium, Portugal and South Africa. In China,
Japan received the Shantung and Kiauchau, while New Zealand received the
Samoa 'Island.

4. The Rhine Valley was likewise demilitarised. The German army was similarly
reduced to one million soldiers, with no air force or submarines.

5. Germany was forced to recognise war guilt and pay a large sum
(£6,500,000,000) in war indemnity to the Allies.

Q10.

10.1. The horror of two World Wars lead to the formation of United Nations
Organisation, while the formation of the Non-Alignment Movement followed later. In
this context, answer the following:

Explain any three functions of the Security Council.

The United Nations Organisation was established to maintain peace and ‘promote
social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.’ With reference to this,
explain the following:

The functions of the Security Council with related to maintaining World Peace.

Both the United Nations Organisation and the Non-Aligned Movement aim to achieve
international peace and security. In this context, answer the following:

Mention any three functions of the Security Council.

Solution 1

Three functions of the Security Council are:

1. To maintain international peace and security in accordance with the principles

and purposes of the United Nations.

2. To investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international

tension and take military action against any aggressor.

3. To establish plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments.

4. The Secretary-General's appointment is recommended to the General

Assembly and the International Court of Justice judges are elected alongside
the Assembly.

Solution 2

The primary responsibility of the Security Council is the maintenance of peace and
security in the world. The Council performs this duty in the following ways:

The Security Council may investigate any dispute or situation that might lead to
international friction.

It may recommend appropriate methods for the settlement of disputes through

negotiation, mediation, arbitration or judicial settlement.

To maintain peace, the Security Council may impose economic sanctions against
aggressors and even severe diplomatic relations with rogue countries.

10.2. Both the United Nations Organisation and the Non-Aligned Movement aim to
achieve international peace and security. In this context, answer the following:

Mention any three functions of the World Health Organisation.

Solution

The three functions of the World Health Organisation (WHO) are:

i. It helps countries improve their health systems by developing infrastructure,

particularly manpower, institutions and services for the individual and
community.

ii. It initiated a scheme to immunise children against six main diseases, including
measles, diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, polio and whooping cough.
 iii. It encourages medical research to cure and prevent disease. It provided for
cancer and heart disease research to be conducted at laboratories across the
globe in order to uncover diseases, improve vaccines and train researchers.

iv. It helps to ensure clean drinking water and proper garbage disposal. It hosts
conferences, seminars and training for healthcare professionals from many
countries.

v. Its goal is to combat infections and prevent their spread.

vi. It establishes a standard for the strength and purity of medications, including
biological products.

vii. It publishes health magazines, such as the World Health Organisation Bulletin,
to raise public awareness about health issues.

10.3. (a) Name any two founders of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Both the United Nations Organisation and the Non-Aligned Movement aim to achieve
international peace and security. In this context, answer the following:

Name any two founders of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Solution

Two founders of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) were:

1. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru from India

2. President Gamal Abdul Nasser from Egypt

10.3. (b) State the three basic objectives of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Both the United Nations Organisation and the Non-Aligned Movement aim to achieve
international peace and security. In this context, answer the following:

Mention any two objectives of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Solution

i. To eliminate all those causes which could lead to war.

ii. To protect the nascent freedom of the new-born independent countries of Asia
and Africa from colonial domination

iii. To oppose colonialism, imperialism and racial discrimination.

iv. To advocate the sovereign equality of all states.

v. To encourage friendly relations among countries.