PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
: Aspect, Prospect and
Orientation
8th Semester B.E.
Branch – Civil Engineering
Faculty : Prasanty Borah
Assistant Professor
27th April,2021 Jorhat Engineering College
CO OF BUILDING PLANNING
⚫ After end of course students will be able to:
CO Statement Level
CO1 Explain different principles of planning II
CO2 Interpret the building bye-laws for proper planning and II
development
CO3 Plan lavatories with sewer and water supply connections III
for different types of building.
CO4 Plan residential buildings, educational buildings, III
auditorium and cinema hall
CO5 Explain the principles of town planning II
What is planning?
❖ It is an art of systematic arrangement and preparation to fulfill the targets of
a project with all possible facilities, advantages and merits to achieve the
goal.
why is planning necessary?
❖ Functional design
❖ Show relationship between rooms with their adjoining room.
❖ Aesthetic requirement
Principles of planning
❖ Planning of building pre-supposes certain principles. These principles are
not as rigid as laws of nature i.e. certain deviations from these principles are
necessary at certain instances and inadequacies in them are to be met with
by the civil engineer.
❖ The principles of planning are as follows:
⚫ Aspect
⚫ Prospect
⚫ Orientation
⚫ Furniture requirements
⚫ Roominess
⚫ Grouping of rooms
⚫ Privacy
⚫ Elegance
⚫ Circulation
⚫ Ventilation
⚫ Building acoustics
⚫ Sanitation
⚫ practical considerations
Aspect
⚫ It refers to the arrangement of doors and windows in every building. The
doors and windows should be arranged in such a way that the occupants
may enjoy the different gifts of nature such as sunshine, wind, etc to the
extent they are required in different rooms.
⚫ It is also connected to the placement of different rooms of the house in
accordance with the activities of the occupants at different level.
⚫ It is important from the hygienic point of view also.
⚫ Aspect is a very important consideration in planning a dwelling i.e. one’s
thoughts are moulded by one’s surroundings which in turn plays an
important in the development of the human mind.
❖ The aspect of different rooms can be obtained from the sun-rose diagram of
the locality.
❖ Sun-rose diagram for a particular place can be drawn after knowing the
information about sun-rise, sunset, direction of wind prevailed, etc in that
place.
Sun rose diagram of Jorhat Locality
Aspect of Different Rooms
1. Major bedroom: S, SW
2. Other bedroom: NW, E, W
3. Living room: E,S,SW
4. Kitchen : SE, E
5. Toilet/ septic tank: SW, W
6. Prayer room: NE, E
7. Store: N, NW
8. Study room: N, NE, W
9. Staircase: SW, NE, S
Example of aspect in case of a building
Prospect
❖ Placement of doors and windows for the consideration for pleasant view of
the building. It is to enrich the outside view i.e. elevation or front view
created by prominently exposing the better construction and look. At the
same time concealing from the view any undesirable wants.
❖ Certain projecting windows are of great use for either concealment or
revealment of the building.
❖ Prospect must not only make outer appearance attractive but side by side
also maintain qualities such as comfort, cheerfulness, security, labour
saving keep up with the latest trend.
Some of the typical projecting type windows are shown below:
Orientation
❖ Orientation means orientation of axis of building in a particular plot so that
the building faces the particular direction.
❖ The aspect, prospect and grouping of rooms can be fixed only after
finalization of the orientation of the building
❖ Following are the preferred faces given in sequential order for residential
building :
S N
S SE E NE N W
W W
❖ Situations such as approach road, location of surrounding properties,
electricity line, water connection, etc fixes the orientation of the building
❖ Full freedom of orientation can be had only in very large areas normally
available in rural or sub-urban localities
❖ In business localities, orientation does not have much meaning. Orientation
of flats, workshops, blocks, hospitals, offices, etc are important because
aspect and prospect consideration of this type of buildings are secondary.
❖ Orientation is done at the time of site selection.
❖ It also depends on altitude, latitude and longitude of the place.
❖ This determines the rainfall intensity, direction of the prevailing wind and
sun’s path throughout the year.
❖ In orientation of the building, it should be seen that it is least exposed to
sun. This enriches the placing of longer wall in N-S direction and shorter
wall in E-W direction.
