Shalini.
Unit -3
R. Shalini
Assistant professor
Department of psychology
EMOTIONS, PERSONALITY TRAITS AND WELL BEING
POSITIVE EMOTIONS AND WELL BEING –
● Positive emotions may be considered as any feelings where there is a lack
of negativity, such as no pain, discomfort is felt.
● Frederickson – identified 10 most positive emotions –
1. Joy
2. Gratitude
3. Serenity
4. Interest
5. Hope
6. Pride
7. Amusement
8. Inspiration
9. Awe
10.Love
There are other positive emotions we can consider – E. g. emotion felt when
helping others called as Altruism. This in addition gives satisfaction and relief.
1. JOY – common term used to describe the spectrum of happiness from gentle
comfort to ecstatic bliss.
Joy is often a short term and fading fast. Overall happiness can be increased
by finding more things to be joyful about.
Example: Ecstatic drug with give pleasure is compared
2. GRATITUDE – it is strongest correlation to happiness. By being grateful
you are focusing on the positive as opposed to being unhappy.
Expressing gratitude multiplies happiness as it reinforces internal positive
attitude and also gains altruistic pleasure.
e.g., prayer, law of attraction attracts positivity
3. SERENITY – being calm with what you have.
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e.g., keep your environment clean, its hard to relax in a messy space.
4. INTEREST – we have interest in those things that will help us to meet needs
and achieve our goals.
Interest is sparked by Novelty.
e.g., if you are interested in a activity or work you will do the work with your
fullest that will give a kind of positivity.
5. HOPE – it is anticipating happiness. It is pleasure of assumed future where
good things happen.
You will experience joy and other positive emotions, Hope is associated with
Optimism and our natural bias towards this can bring happiness into an
unhappy situation, as we think about how things will get only better.
e.g., if tomorrow is a big day how you will prepare for? Definitely with full
positivity about the future.
6. PRIDE – it can be both positive and negative. A prideful person is arrogant
and concerned with their status over others. They may feel happy, but at the
expense of others.
The more positive form of pride is typified by the pride in one’s work or
one’s team. E.g., getting credits will make you work even better.
It is a purer form of pride as it is intrinsically felt and is not negative about
the other people. E.g., showing attitude.
7. AMUSEMENT – it happens when we find something funny, from jokes to
the incongruor nature of world around us.
Human is an easy way of connecting with others and a shared sense of
amusement is a helpful social bond.
e.g., feeling of being entertained and happy. Just think about amusement
park.
8. INSPIRATION – it is what we feel when we see consummate skill or hear a
great speed and are inspired to do something as a result of this.
Inspiration is a string motivational force and can be very powerful for
changing minds.
e.g., after listening to your favourite hero motivational speech.
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9. AWE – it is the feeling you get when you see a wonderful sunset or
landscape. It is what you feel when you experience great art and marvel at
the skill of the artist.
e.g., the expression or sound we make to express our joy, pleasure
This can be achieved through appreciation of painting, performance or some
other creative expression.
10.LOVE – it is a powerful emotion which we experience first as an infant from
our parents or caregivers.
It is complex and there are several forms may or may not seek reciprocation.
Purest form of Love is Unconditional love, seeking to give but no expecting
turns from that.
e.g., mothers love.
POSITIVE TRAITS –
Positive traits are those things that draw us to other people. When someone is
generous, kind, energetic or optimistic they exude energy that attracts others.
Positive character traits can be developed in ourselves.
Positive traits are as follows –
❖ Kind
❖ Gentle
❖ Strong
❖ Resilient
❖ Caring
❖ Assertive
❖ Hardworking
❖ Reliable
❖ Honest
❖ Practical
❖ Responsible
❖ Loyal
❖ Mature
❖ Creative
❖ Consistent
❖ Appreciative
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❖ Capable
❖ Quick
❖ Sensitive
❖ Perceptive
❖ Patient
❖ Thoughtful
❖ Fit
❖ Trustworthy
❖ Shows initiative
❖ Motivated
POSITIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS –
● Being honest and taking responsibility for your actions are admirable
qualities.
● Adaptability and Compatibility are great traits and can help you to get
along with others.
● Drive and Determination will help you keep going no matter what.
● Comparison and Understanding mean you relate well to others.
● Patience is a virtue and also a good personality trait.
● Courage will help you to do what is right in tough situations.
● Loyalty is a good quality to possess, making others trust you.
POSITIVE EMOTIONS AND BIOLOGY –
Positive emotions have an evolutionary advantage.
Experiencing positive emotions increases our survival chances because positive
emotions broaden our intellectual, physical and social resources and build
reservation for us to draw upon.
1. Emotions are not mere feeling – there exists a biological basis for human
emotional responses.
2. Emotions are by definition associated with urges or specific action
tendencies to act in a particular way.
3. Four aspects of emotion –
⮚ Behavioural
⮚ Cognitive
⮚ Physiological
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⮚ Subjective
These emotions are either positive or negative.
4. Biology of emotion –
Emotions are more than just a feeling state, that they are whole body states
that activate hormonal responses, the cardio – vascular system and other
systemic reactions.
During arousal neurochemical like dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin
step up or step down the brain’s activity level.
IMPACT OF POSITIVE EMOTIONS –
● Positive emotions have an evolutionary advantage.
● Experiencing positive emotions increases our survival chances because
positive emotions broaden our intellectual, physical and social resources and
build reservation for us to draw upon.
● Strengthen your immune system to help healing and boost your resistance to
disease.
● By practicing positive emotions they cope better with stressful situations.
They also actively avoid stressful life events and form better social support
network around themselves.
POSITIVE BELIEFS AND ILLUSION –
Some 7 beliefs will support you in adopting a positive mind set.
1. People are not against you –
⮚ Conflicting views – it is easy to believe that others are against you.
⮚ Everybody is trying to make most of their own life.
⮚ You cross paths with people who want different things. They are
trying to improve them over circumstances.
2. Failure builds character –
⮚ Failure is a temporary thing. As long as you learn something from it
you commit to the situation.
⮚ Learn from your failures, you grow as a person. Your knowledge,
skills and character can all improve and not a bad result.
3. You will never be lonely if you love yourself –
⮚ Selfish people care only about themselves and many appear as if they
have a great love of themselves. Selfish people are more driven by
fear and love.
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⮚ Self – centred people place themselves at the centre of their lives.
⮚ They know, they must first love themselves and only then they will be
in a position to love and help others.
4. The greatest risk is to do nothing –
⮚ When you are unhappy with our life, you had to change certain things.
You may be afraid to change something for fear of what might go
wrong.
⮚ Change something, having considered your options carefully; you
have a reasonable chance of improving things.
5. Motivation needs and regular reinforcements –
⮚ Set clear goals and take small actions towards achieving your goals.
⮚ People tend to quickly lose motivation.
⮚ People forget motivation and personal growth are not one point action.
⮚ These need to be reinforced daily – remind yourself what you are
trying to achieve and why you are trying to achieve it.
6. When you raise your standards – others follow –
⮚ This is one of the fundamentals of leadership. You must go first.
⮚ If you want others to raise their game, set standards.
⮚ Demonstrate the standards that you wish to see.
⮚ When you refuse to accept low standards those around you soon get
the message.
7. It is the possibility of having a dream come true which makes life interesting
–
⮚ Positive mind set does not happen by accident, if you wish to have
positive mind set you have to work on.
⮚ Positive mind set will make even the most painful moment bearable.
⮚ Positive mind set shows that you have the ability to cope and develop
and also improve your situation.
POSITIVE ILLUSION –
It relates to a set of three related beliefs that characterize the way people think
about
1. Themselves.
2. Their ability to control environmental events.
3. Their future.
MEANING OF POSITIVE ILLUSION IN PSYCHOLOGY –
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● These are unrealistically favourable attitude that people have towards
themselves or to people that are close to them.
● Positive illusions are a form of self-deception or self-enhancement that feels
good, maintain self-esteem or avoid discomfort at least in the short term.
BENEFITS OF POSITIVE ILLUSIONS –
● Positive illusions are linked with subjective wellbeing.
● People who hold positive self-views are happier and more content than are
those who are more realistic.
● Under some circumstances, positive self-views can also beget success.
Important questions
10 marks
1. Explain Frederickson’s 10 positive emotions?
2. Positive traits with examples?
3. What are the positive beliefs and emotion?
