1.

OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, TREATS AND RISKS IN MEDIA AND

INFORMATION
Modern professionals, students and adults use online materials to gather the
needed information for any research work. The Internet has made research work
easier. Is this a sign of progress? Some would say that the use of technology is not
always a sign of progress. For them, the use of traditional methods such as
government documents, minutes of the meeting, journalistic writings, eyewitness
accounts and other information sources is more effective than the use of modern
technology specifically the "internet".
UNESCO recognizes that the internet holds enormous potential for
development. It provides an unprecedented volume of resources for information and
knowledge that opens up new opportunities and challenges for expression and
participation.
The principle of freedom of expression and human rights must apply not only
to traditional media but also to the internet and all types of emerging media
platforms, which will contribute to development, democracy and dialogue.
Digitalization and the accessibility of information through a wide range of
devices have enormously increased the information resources available to people.
The internet provides numerous and diverse opportunities towards attaining our
goals and objectives in life. It has positive effects in education and in economic
growth.
For example, online marketing has become vital to business success, as it has
a wider audience reach. A wider audience reach leads to increased product
awareness, which, in turn, results in higher sales.
In education, the use of technology is vital. It makes information sharing
convenient. In addition, educators use it to supplement lessons and to conduct
online classes.

Opportunities
Online Shopping. Through online shopping and by using a web browser,
consumers can directly buy goods over the internet. Consumers may visit the
website of the retailer directly or search alternative vendors' websites using a
shopping search engine.
Citizen Journalism. It is the collection, dissemination and analysis of news and
information by the general public, especially by means of internet. Suggested
definition of Citizen Journalism from International Media Support, which references
to "untrained" citizens, on page 4 of the document on this link:
https://www.mediasupport.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Zim IMS-Citizen-
Journalism-1-1.pdf)
Online Education. With internet connection, anyone can earn a degree
without having to attend face-to-face class sessions.

Challenges
Age-inappropriate content. With the unabated spread of media, one has to be
very careful about access. There is a wealth of information one can gain from the
Internet, but there is also content that is unfit for children and young people like
pornography and violence.

Illegal content. The Internet has also been, and continues to be, used by
unscrupulous people to further their illegal activities, like human trafficking, the use
of force, force, fraud, or coercion to obtain a commercial sex act or labor, and child
pornography. Some groups also use the internet to further the ideas of racism and
discrimination.

Privacy invasion and identity theft. Data posted on the Internet may be
accessed and used for illegal activities. Personal information may be willing shared
as pictures or text on social media or inadvertently given by users as part of such
offerings as games or surveys. It is important for users to be aware of the risks

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before they decide to share their personal data. A way to get sensitive personal
information is phishing. It is the fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information
such as username, passwords and credit card details by disguising oneself as a
trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.

A. Threats And Risks Of Media And Information

It is stated in the Philippine Constitution that each person has the right to
freedom of opinion and expression. This right includes freedom to hold and express
opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas
through any media and regardless of frontiers.
With this right, we can negotiate, chat, and express our opinions and ideas,
provided that we show respect to persons whose opinions differ from ours. Showing
respect means listening to others as they explain their respective sides and trying
to understand their perspective and why. We do not have to agree with them.
Instead of dismissing them, we can engage them in a discussion and avoid being
aggressive. We can disagree peacefully.
Furthermore, this simply tells us that we should never abuse and misuse our
freedom of speech. Always remember that an opinion is a self-report of feelings or
personal judgement accompanied by responsibility of thought.
These are some laws against the ABUSE and MISUSE of media and
information, which violate the rights of others and threaten them in some ways.

Libel / Slander
A person commits libel if he/she, with malice, publishes a false statement
that is damaging to another person's reputation, office, trade, business or means of
livelihood. In the Philippine constitution, libel is a violation of Article 355 of the
Revised Penal Code. As stated in this article, libel can be committed in the form of
writing, printing, and other similar means. If the hurtful statement is spoken, the
statement is slander.
General example of libel/slander: Spreading false rumors about someone
having an extra-marital affair, damaging the person's reputation.

Piracy
Piracy refers to the unauthorized duplication of copyrighted content that is
then sold at substantially lower prices in the black market. It is illegal under the
Cybercrime Law, which states that acquiring any digital copy of any copyrighted
material is punishable by fine from Php 200,000 to Php 500,000 and six to twenty
years in prison. The Intellectual Property Code and the Anti-Camcording Law were
previously in place to combat piracy in the country.
Piracy is a form of theft as it takes away from the producers and artists the
rightful compensation due them such as patent/royalty fees, product sales
revenues, etc. In 2011, the Washington-based office of the US Trade Representative
(USTR) as one of the world's listed Quiapo in Manila among the 21 most "notorious
markets" for pirated and counterfeit goods. It was removed from the list in 2012,
but over the years, piracy has proliferated via the Internet, aided mainly by the ease
of access to technology.

Cybercrime Law
The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10175) covers all
other online anomalies such as identity theft, child pornography, data misuse,
cybersquatting and other computer-related and internet facilitated practices. This
law became controversial in 2012-2013 since it also criminalizes libel in the online
world, limiting certain exercises of freedom of expression.

B. Education, Economic, Social and Political Aspects and Influences of

Media and Information Literacy

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Media Innovation
What is innovation? It is the process of developing a new method or process.
or product that better serves existing uses or start to serve a previously unidentified
need. When we talk about media innovation, it includes the change in several
aspects of the media landscape from the development of new media platforms to
new business models, to new ways of producing media texts changes in other areas
such as education, society, economy and politics.

Over time, there are always areas for improvement and advancement in
media. Innovation in media would mean new media associated with telephones and
communications, computers and internet, virtual worlds, website games, human-
computer interface, computer animation and other related media improvements
and advancements.

Influence of Media on Education

Nowadays, media plays a crucial role in strengthening society as it helps us
to know the current societal issues not only locally but also globally. It also
enhances the teaching and learning processes inside the four walls of the
classrooms. Media comes in different forms and each form affects the way people
learn and interpret information.
Some platforms can be employed to reinforce concepts and spark
discussions, such as short films, written articles, blog postings, and other digital
media. Teachers can use modern technology, such as an interactive Smart Board, to
deliver the lessons and activities. However, a piece of chalk, blackboard, Manila
paper and other non-digital or non-interactive interactive instruments like CDs and
DVDs can still be used to aid teachers in conducting lessons if the resources are
limited.
Various media can be used in the classrooms to hone critical thinking and
problem-solving skills. For instance, a teacher can start and facilitate a discussion
on an opinion article in a blog, asking students whether they agree on the position
taken by the author and why / why not. Indeed, media's power should be harnessed
to educate people-enlightening people's minds and training people to form opinions
and find solutions to societal problems.

Influence on Society
Media's power appears unstoppable. Almost everyone is exposed to countless
media images, advertisements, magazines, etc. With the advent of social media like
Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, Twitter, email and the like, we are connected in
ways that were not possible before. The communication line is always open.
Because of these, necessary societal interactions, camaraderie, and development of
friendships are facilitated.
The way we now deal with people with different personalities, opinions, and
ideas, the way we access information about human life, relationships, education,
careers, entertainment, and others, and the way we do business to promote
products and services online are all conducted with modern media. These
interactions are very different from before, when the most prominent forms of
media were magazines, newspapers and books.

Economic Influence
The new media has made it possible for any individual to offer products and
services online. The various media platforms are a means to augment people's
income. It is indeed true that the new media affect the economic progress and
stability of the country.
Innovation in media has likewise created new online jobs opportunities such
as tutorials in various subjects, airline booking, art selling, product reviews on
YouTube, blogging, photography and other IT related jobs.

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 Social media was once an expensive platform for businesses to advertise
their products/services. But nowadays, any media-literate person and business
entity can set up his/her/its own brand to reach people and sell products and
services easily.

Political Influence
With the wider internet reach in the Philippines and the corresponding
increase in Filipino social media users, political individuals and parties and
government agencies have realized the effectiveness and power of social media
platforms in terms of public communication.
Digital Diplomacy, also called E-diplomacy or Digi diplomacy is government's
use of social media and information technology to communicate to the public,
especially foreign public. Foreign ministries, embassies and other government
agencies have social media accounts especially on Twitter and Facebook.
Spreading information through social media enables to directly send
messages quickly and cost-effectively to the target audiences, without convening a
press conference or sending a press release to news agencies. Because of this,
people now have greater participation on issues facing the country and the world.
People have become informed about the subjects they need or want. Through
media reports focusing on the government programs, activities, and issues, the
public is informed about the political affairs and functions of the country.
Not all media effects are positive. One of the current issues about social
media on political affairs is the spread of fake news, both locally and abroad. The
difficulty of confirming whether social media news reports are true has led to the
abuse of the medium by interest groups who share half-truths or outright lies, which
has led Facebook and Twitter to remove fake accounts and purveyors of untruths.

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 CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

Many of the technological advances we are seeing today will shape our
daily life in the future - the way we relax, interact, communicate and conduct
business. From virtual worlds, avatar emotions, artificial intelligences,
computer-generated storytelling and narratives, interactive holographic
images, mixed realities, stress disorder virtual therapies and so much more.
ICT will continue to advance, empower and transform every aspect of our
life. Check out some of these emerging technologies and trends.

Even just over the internet, much has changed since its inception. You
are now able to do a lot of things such as going to an online school without
attending physically to face-to-face classroom interaction. Development in
multimedia platforms heightened media experiences by mixing various
functionalities in one gadget.

Massive Open Online Content

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are free online courses

available for anyone to enroll. MOOCs provide an affordable and flexible way
to learn new skills, advance your career and deliver quality educational
experiences at scale.

Millions of people around the world use MOOCs to learn for a variety of
reasons, including: career development, changing careers, college
preparations, supplemental learning, lifelong learning, corporate eLearning &
training, and more.

Some Websites that offers MOOCS:

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1. edX.org - it offers innovative online credentials in MicroMasters®
programs and Professional Certificates. Transform your life with
credit-eligible MicroMasters programs in the most in-demand fields
today or learn new skills in exciting Professional Certificates.

o Online Master's Degrees - Offered in the most in-demand fields, from

top- ranked institutions and available at a fraction of the cost of a
traditional on- campus Master's degree. https://www.edx.org/masters?
o MicroMasters Program - Series of graduate level courses from top
universities, providing deep learning in a specific career field and a
path to a Master's Degree. https://www.edx.org/micromasters?
o Professional Certificates - Courses providing job specific skills to help
learners skill-up or launch into a new role, provided by industry-leading
experts in key fields. https://www.edx.org/professional-certificate?
o Professional Education - Professional courses that deliver the executive
trends and knowledge needed to succeed in today's businesses
landscape. https://programs.edx.org/professional-education/

Popular Courses and Subjects on edX:

Programming Business Courses Management

Courses Courses
 Python Courses  Finance Courses  Data Analysis
 Java Courses  Marketing Courses
 HTML Courses Courses  Leadership
 Blockchain  International Courses
Courses Business Courses  Business Ethics
 Cloud Computing  Accounting  Business Analysis
Courses Courses  Innovation
 DevOps Courses  Supply Chain Courses
 App Development Management
Courses
Communication Life Sciences Engineering Courses
Courses Courses
 Languages  Biology Courses  Mechanical
Courses  Physics Engineering
 Grammar  Chemistry Courses
Courses  Climate Changes  Urban Planning
 Writing Courses  Renewable  Electronics
 ESL Courses Energy  Geology
 Chinese Courses  Solar Energy  Structural

6
  Spanish Courses  Astronomy Engineering
 Environmental
Science
 Human Anatomy

About edX:

edX is the trusted platform for education and learning. Founded by

Harvard and MIT, edX is home to more than 20 million learners, the majority
of top-ranked universities in the world and industry-leading companies. As a
global nonprofit, edX is transforming traditional education, removing the
barriers of cost, location and access. Fulfilling the demand for people to learn
on their own terms, edX is reimagining the possibilities of education,
providing the highest-quality, stackable learning experiences including the
groundbreaking MicroMasters® programs. Supporting learners at every
stage, whether entering the job market, changing fields, seeking a promotion
or exploring new interests, edX delivers courses for curious minds on topics
ranging from data and computer science to leadership and communications,
edX is where you go to learn. Visit edX.org

2. https://www.educause.edu/

EDUCAUSE, a nonprofit association and community of IT leaders and

professional describe Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) as "a model for
delivering learnings content online to any person who wants to take a
course, with no limit on attendance. EDUCAUSE's mission is to advance
higher education through the use of information technology.

There is a growing interest of MOOCs as indicated by big investment in

companies (Coursera, Udacity, Udemy), similar non-profit initiative (edX),
and learning managements systems (Canvas Backboard). According to each
writer Justine Reich, MOOCs are open in two respect (volume, 2012).

1. Open enrollment to students outside a hosting university (as in

"openregistration").

2. The materials of the course were licensed using Creative Common

licenses so their materials could be mixed and reused by others (as in
open license).

The educational benefits of MOOCs can be maximized if organizations

or institutions that offer such sources are made more open though Creative
Commons licensing. This way, academic and professional institutions reach
more online user, thus, flourishing open education movement.
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Wearable Technology

A wearable technology is also called wearable gadgets; it is a category

of technology devices that can be worn by a costumer and often include
tracking information related to health and fitness. A technology that helps
the athletes to get qualified input about vital data during work-out. These
wearable devices or wearables are electronic technologies or computers that
are incorporated in to items of clothing and accessories which can
comfortably be worn the body.

The characteristic of wearable, according to Wearable Devices magazine,

include the following.

 performing computer related tasks such as laptops and mobile phones.

 provide sensory and scanning features (such as biofeedback and
tracking of physiological function; that are typically not seen in mobile
or laptop devices
 Have some form of communication capability and will allow the wearer
access to information in real time.
 Date input capabilities
 Local storages capabilities

Different fields such as health and medicine, fitness aging, disabilities,

education, transportation, enterprise, finance, gaming and music" have
slowly started to adapt the use of such technologies to improve people's
lives. some example of devices includes.

 watches
 glasses
 contact lenses
 e-textiles and smart fabrics
 headbands
 beanies and caps
 jewelry
 hearing-aid-like devices (design to look like earrings

Wearable Technology is now the pioneer and worldwide leading

innovation and market development platform for technologies worn close to
the body, on the body or even in the body. Wearable technology will continue

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to have an impact to modern society of media and information users. For
younger people like you, wearable technologies provide opportunity to mix
functionality with aesthetics. Hard-held device and gadgets may be
incorporated with one's fashion sense while having a mobile access to
information. According to the magazine, "already, the current hand-held
devices available to consumers, such as smart phones, iPods, and tablets,
have change the technological and social landscapes on the global scale,
such that walking out in the public and seeing an individual engaging with a
hand-held device is commonplace"

Smartwatch is a wearable computing device that closely resembles a

wristwatch or other time-keeping device. In addition to telling time, many
smartwatches are Bluetooth-capable. The watch becomes, in effect, a
wireless Bluetooth adaptor capable.

1. Samsung Galaxy Watch 3 - Our best smartwatch in the world right now

Descriptions:

OS: Tizen OS |

Compatibility: Android, iOS |

Display: 1.2" or 1.4" 360 x 360 Super AMOLED |

Processor: Dual-core 1.15GHz |

Band sizes: 22mm or 20mm |

Onboard storage: 8GB |

Battery duration: 3 days on 45mm / less on 41mm | Charging

method: Wireless|

IP rating: IP68 |

Connectivity: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LTE (for extra) the Galaxy Watch 3 is

the full package if you're looking for a smartwatch to track your fitness,
look good on your wrist and a whole lot more.

2. Apple Watch 6 - The best Apple Watch money can buy

Descriptions:

OS: watchOS 7 |

Compatibility: iOS

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 Display: 1.78" OLED |

Processor: Apple S6 |

Band sizes: Varies based on watch size |

Onboard storage: 32GB |

Battery: 18 hours |

Charging method: Wireless |

IP rating: Water-resistant to 50m |

Connectivity: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, LTE

3. Samsung Galaxy Watch Active 2 - Adding in a digital rotating bezel for

a nominal price bump

4. Fitbit Versa 2 - Fitbit's best smartwatch

5. Fossil Sport - Fossil's latest big smartwatch attempt

6. Fitbit Versa Lite - Lighter but not lesser

7. TicWatch E2 - A fully-loaded Wear OS watch you've never heard of

8. Honor Magic Watch 2 - Magical - if you're a fitness buff

Cellphone is simply a telephone that doesn't need a landline

connection. It enables the user to make and receive phone calls. Some
cellphones also offer text messaging.

Smartphone has more advanced features, including web browsing,

software applications and a mobile OS. In turn, a smartphone also offers
capabilities such as support for biometrics, video chatting, digital assistants
and much more. Smartphones can browse the Internet and run software
programs like a computer. Smartphones use a touch screen to allow users to
interact with them. There are thousands of smartphone apps including
games, personal-use,
and business-use programs that all run on the phone.

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 The following are some of the other key features of a smartphone:

 Internet connectivity.  The ability to sync more than

 A mobile browser. one email account to a device.
 Embedded memory  A hardware or software-based
Touchscreen. QWERTY keyboard.
 Wi-Fi.  Wireless synchronization with
 A digital camera, typically with other devices, such as laptop
video capability. or desktop computers.
 Gaming.  The ability to download
 Unified messaging. applications and run them
 GPS. independently.
 Support for third-party
applications.
 The ability to run multiple
applications simultaneously.

Benefits of Smartphone

1. Keep in touch
2. Browse the internet
Harmful Effects of
whenever
Smartphones
3. Access many applications
1. Damage to the eyes
How to limit your time on 2. Damage to hearing
Smartphones 3. Affect your sleep

1. Turn off notifications

2. Uninstall apps
3. Hide your phone

Fitness tracker. It is a gadget that can be worn by an individual

throughout the day to keep track of various body parameters. Any wearable
fitness tracker needs the person using it to input physiological details such
as their weight, height, gender to help the tracker make better sense of the
data that it collects. This personalization helps in processing the data
generated by the fitness tracker. There are a number of sensors which may
be added to a tracker, but most commonly motion sensors are used to
determine body movements.

Heart Rate Monitoring Device. A technology that will calculate and

monitor your heart rate.

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 Fitbit Charge. This watch is good for exercise. It can count your
running time and the distance.

Smartglass. This smart glass can collect information's from external

and internal. You can listen to music too while searching information.

Misfit Phase Hybrid. This watch can count your steps and your heart
rate.

5G Smartphone and Network. 5G is the fifth generation of internet

speed. This is the new fastest speed of internet connection. The successor of
4G.

Hologram. It is a pattern of interference produced by a split coherent

beam.

Avatars, Surrogates, Robotic. This is a mechanical robot. It is

having the characteristics of a robot. They can do things like humans.

3D Environment (3D printer and 3D Films, Holograms)

You may have seen computer graphics as well as animations and

animatronic in video, games, movies, and TV shows. 3D graphics
environmental have added texture to our media experience because of the
images with we see in three in dimensional rendering.

According to www.imagearts.ryerson.ca, there are three basic phases

in 3D computer graphics creation.

1. 3D modeling - the process of forming a computer model of an

object's shape

2. Layout and amination- the motion of placement of objects

within a scene

3. 3D rendering - the computer calculation that, generate the

images based on light placement, surface types, and other
qualities.

Ubiquitous Learning

Ubiquitous learning, also called u-learning, is the interaction between

humans and computers in order to learn. It's important to note that the term
computers here doesn't only refer to desktop and laptop computers. Instead,
computers are considered any digital device. However, just having a

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computer or digital device doesn't make learning ubiquitous. What separates
ubiquitous learning from the broader term e-learning is that ubiquitous
learning evolves learners being constantly in contact with technology always
having the ability to learn. In a sense, ubiquitous learning is "learning on
demand." This is similar to mobile learning in that the learner is not hindered
by his or her location.

A student is more involved in the learning process u-learning utilizes

all forms of materials "that may be transferred to mobile devices." These
material can be videos, audios, PowerPoint presentations, or notes with
embedded source data in them. A student may not be conscious that he or
she is undergoing a learning process even by simply watching the video or
reading the notes.

Characteristics of Ubiquitous Learning

Top researchers in ubiquitous learning describe ubiquitous learning as

having six characteristics. These are:

 Permanency: Both course material and material produced by

students is never deleted on purpose; the only time material is deleted
is in unforeseen circumstances. Further, student's performance and
course materials are continuously being updated.
 Accessibility: Because learning data like coursework, assignments,
and lectures are permanent, students should always have access to
the material. Because this material is accessible, students can be
much more self-directed and more independent that previously.
 Immediacy: Students should be able to get information whenever
they want. The information students request may be local, stored on
their device, or not local, the data is most likely stored on a server
somewhere and is accessed by the learner over the internet.
 Interactivity: Learners should be able to interact with other people in
their "educational network." These people can include the teacher of
the course, classmates, or even experts in the field. Interactivity can

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 be synchronous, requiring participants to be present at the same time,
such as a video conversation or instant messaging chatroom, or
asynchronous, such as an uploaded video to YouTube or a forum.
 Situating of instructional activities: The problems and knowledge
gained from learning activities are presented in a natural way or in a
way that would mimic a real-world situation.
 Adaptability: Technology should be able to adapt to students'
changing lives.

Advantages of Ubiquitous Learning

The most obvious advantage of ubiquitous learning is that learners can

be anywhere. Similar to previous implementations of learning using
technology in education, learners are not tied to a certain location. However,
because students often have their phones on them at all times, students
have 24-7 access to a learning environment.

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