1. What is load sharing?
Briefly explain
Load sharing in electrical systems refers to the process of distributing the electrical
load or demand across multiple power sources or devices, such as generators,
transformers, or power supplies, in a balanced manner. This ensures that no single
unit is overloaded and that the overall system operates e iciently and reliably
2. Benefits of load sharing ?
Benefits of Load Sharing in Electrical Systems:
1. Improved System Reliability: Load sharing helps ensure that no single
generator, transformer, or power source is overburdened. By distributing the load
evenly, the risk of failure in any individual component is reduced. If one unit fails,
the others can take over the load, keeping the system running without significant
interruptions.
2. Increased E iciency: Proper load sharing allows all power sources to operate
within their optimal capacity, preventing underutilization or overloading of any
single unit. This balanced operation improves the overall e iciency of the
system, as power generation and consumption are better matched to the
available resources.
3. Prevents Overloading: One of the key benefits is preventing the overloading of
equipment. Overloading can lead to overheating, mechanical failure, or even
permanent damage to generators, transformers, or other components. Load
sharing ensures that each unit handles a proportional amount of the total load,
keeping the system within safe operational limits.
4. Enhanced Lifespan of Equipment: When the load is evenly distributed across
multiple units, each component experiences less stress, which reduces wear
and tear. This can significantly extend the lifespan of electrical equipment,
reducing the need for costly repairs and replacements.
5. Reduced Downtime: Because the load is shared and the system is designed to
handle the failure of one unit without disrupting the entire system, load sharing
helps minimize downtime. In the event of a failure, other units can seamlessly
take over the load, providing continuous power without significant interruptions.
6. Cost Savings: Load sharing can lead to long-term cost savings. By preventing
overloading and damage to individual units, the need for emergency repairs and
replacements is minimized. Moreover, more e icient use of power sources can
result in lower operational costs, as resources are used optimally.
7. Optimized Fuel Consumption (in Generators): When multiple generators share
the load, each one can run at its most fuel-e icient point. This optimizes fuel
consumption and reduces the operating costs of power generation, especially in
systems where fuel e iciency is a critical factor.
8. Better Voltage Regulation: Load sharing helps in maintaining a stable voltage
level across the system. For example, in parallel generators, the voltage is kept
constant by adjusting the output of each unit. This ensures a reliable power
supply and prevents voltage drops or surges that could damage sensitive
equipment.
9. Scalability: Load sharing makes it easier to scale up the power system. As the
demand for electricity grows, additional generators or transformers can be
added to the system, and load sharing ensures that these new units are
integrated seamlessly without putting too much stress on any existing
equipment.
3. What are the main objectives of framing a tari ?
4. What are the di erent types of consumers?
5. What are the di erent types of tari s?
6. Briefly explain power factor tari ?
7. Load factor of a consumer is 35% and monthly consumption is 504 kWh. If the rate of
electricity is Rs 180 per kW of maximum demand plus Rs 2.00 per kWh. Find (a) The
monthly bill and the average cost per kWh. (b) The overall cost per kWh if the
consumption is increased by 20% with the same load factor. (c) The overall cost per
kWh if the consumption remains same but load factor is increased to 40%.
8. What are the main causes of low power factor?
9. What are the measures by which low power factor can be avoided?
10. Explain constant kW demand method of power factor correction.
11. Explain constant kVA demand method of power factor correction.
12. A consumer is taking load of 20kW at power factor of 0.8 lagging. (a) Find the rating
of capacitor to raise the power factor of 0.95 lagging. (b) If phase advancing device is
used which takes current at leading power factor of 0.1. Find rating of the device.
13. What are the main advantages and drawbacks of interconnection of power
stations?
