​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER

3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

○​ The more advanced skills in

INTRODUCTION reading : predicting,
●​ Not the same as decoding
What is Communication? ○​ Making sense of the text =
understanding the text
●​ the process of interaction, that
○​ ^ needs a proficient reader, u
involves the sender and receiver
can not decode the text if
●​ Speaker - Listener
you’re not
Why is reading part of communication? ○​ proficient reader = easily
understands the text
●​ Where the topic sparks up.
●​ A complex process
●​ Vocabulary
○​ a long process where we
●​ Interactions between the reader and
aren’t masters when we were
writer
born
●​ Writer - Reader
○​ as we grow older we become
●​ Reading Is participating in
masters of reading
communication
○​ where we go to different
Understanding Reading processes that involves
●​ Not just a basic skill : growth
○​ we should not belittle reading ●​ Problem solving
as a skill ; moving towards to ○​ Can be compared to a jigsaw
more cognitively advanced puzzle
skills ○​ To understand the text and in
○​ Example : Games x Reading : jigsaw puzzle it is to be able
Reading can be used to be to see the whole bigger
better in playing games, can picture
be used in learning about ○​ interactions and enhancing
skills and stuffs needed to critical and analytical thinking
overcome the obstacles in ●​ Situationally bound
order to win ○​ Various stages that involves
understanding a particular

​ 1
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

texts, may vary from one text ○​ refers to the ability of the
to another person to read a text
○​ Being good in reading one smoothly
type of text does not ○​ cannot be considered a good
automatically equates to reader unless he/she surely
reading and understanding understands everything
another types of texts he/she reads
○​ Example : medical books - HA
Reading can be a Complex Process :
; literature books - HUMSS ;
business books - ABM ●​ Because of the ways in
understanding the particular texts is
Proficient Reader Characteristics
also called the psychological
Accuracy + Fluency = Proficiency
process of reading as it may vary
●​ Accuracy from one person to another or one
○​ refers to the ability of the text to another
person to understand
anything that he/she reads
Stages of Reading Development
○​ it takes more time reading the
●​ 0 -> Pre-reading stage
other texts
○​ “I Want”
○​ have no limits or regardless of
○​ before reading
the time as long as you
○​ no reading is happening in
understand the text
this stage yet
○​ can be considered as a good
○​ however even if no reading,
reader if it does not take
there is already the desire,
him/her a long time before
the desire of the reader is
understanding a text
being manifested
○​ it can take you time but not a
○​ the reader or child in this
long time to understand the
stage of reading whose not
text
yet in the stage of reading
●​ Fluency
have the desire and the stage

​ 2
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

where words are said or ○​ Until eventually reading text

spoken or learned gives an old piece of
○​ Speaking -> Words -> Reading information and different
●​ 1 -> Initial perspective
○​ “I Start” ●​ 4 -> Multiple Viewpoint
○​ recognize the different ○​ “I Explore”
symbols that represents the ○​ Learning not just one
different letters of the perspective but many
alphabets perspectives
○​ starting with combining ○​ New pieces of information is
alphabets and then creating being validated or ligated
words, phrases, and based on the acquired
sentences information
●​ 2 -> Confirmation & Fluency ○​ You found out that there are
○​ “I Improve” other angles or other
○​ Everything or whatever is perspectives of that one
learned in number 1 is put to certain information
practice in number 2 ○​ Starts validating or negating
○​ from i start to read to i ○​ To explore and to see the
improve to read other perspectives of one
○​ Realization to perfect the skill piece information
●​ 3 -> For Learning the New ●​ 5 -> Construction and
○​ “I Acquire” Reconstruction
○​ Reader keeps reading of any ○​ “I Decide”
reading materials ○​ Reader is expected to make
○​ The purpose now is not for an informed decision and a
practice, but for the purpose sound judgment
of getting new pieces of ○​ The ability to judge the
information veracity of the reading
○​ The reading development is material
desirous in every information ○​ Evaluate, recreate, review

​ 3
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

○​ The ability for changing the ●​ understanding =

story to a poem and write a comprehension/meaning
song about the story identification
○​ Makes a judgment about what
you are reading
Three Ways of Processing
Information When Reading
Schemata Psychological Process of Reading
●​ we understand the text because of
Bottom Up
schemata
●​ summation that we acquire over ●​ Reader is less than the text or the
time ideas in the books
●​ Experiences ; depending in the ●​ (reader < text)
number of experiences we have ●​ When our background knowledge is
acquires not enough for us to understand a
●​ Acquired Information ; depending in text, and we rely more about what
the number of acquired information we read in the text it is called the
we have acquires bottom up
●​ schema -> background knowledge ●​ the schema that the reader has is
●​ background knowledge is our less
schemata, it is the summation ●​ relies on what the author gives the
●​ schemas : are the experiences and reader or the context
informations we have acquired ●​ understand the meaning through
●​ Reading Materials : what we know the context
about the text, may explain the
Top-Down
informations about the text ;
●​ ideas / meanings present in the text ●​ We don’t rely on the text because
x schemata of the reader ; our schema can provide us enough
●​ we can achieve understanding ; information about the text
●​ If your schema can provide you the
ability to understand the text

​ 4
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

Interactive don’t appreciate then you are not be

able to enjoy reading
●​ We rely on our schemata and the
author’s ideas Light bulb & Reading
●​ Combination of bottom-up and
●​ New information
top-down
●​ Time by time as you read the
knowledge you acquire is like the
Metaphor of Reading voltage of lightbulb as it lightens or
Related Answers to Quotes that brightens your mind

Correlates to Reading
Key & Reading

“Reading a good book is like taking a

●​ Unlocks doors, opportunities
journey”
●​ We unlock new knowledge &

●​ long process & moral lessons informations

●​ it’s like you are in that book ●​ Doors - Chapters

●​ find ourselves stopping or breathe;

Reading is a Gift
at every stop we take we learn
something ●​ Exciting feeling

●​ When reading a book, you start a

journey, there’s stop overs,
Characteristics of a Good Reader
realizations & lessons, until you
Strategic in Monitoring the Interactive
reach the end.
Processes that Assist Comprehension
Garden & Reading
○​ Using various techniques &
●​ Pathways to explore strategies are used to more
●​ Curiosity transcendent to understand
●​ Discover the beauty and appreciate the text
●​ Taking care of the plants = nurture = ○​ Must not only use one
if you don’t practice in reading and technique, as not all
techniques are parallel to
some texts / contexts

​ 5
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

■​ Read to familiarize Contents or other illustrative

■​ Annotate aspects of the reading material to
■​ Highlight get a general understanding of the
■​ Chopping words down whole text.
■​ Schemata
■​ Subvocalizing b. Scanning
■​ Re-reading ●​ Is a quick reading,
●​ focusing on locating specific
Motivated to Read and Learn
information
●​ Intrinsic - comes from within ●​ It is used when a specific piece of
●​ Extrinsic - comes from outside information is required, such as a
●​ “Para kanino o saan ka name, date, symbol, formula, or
bumabangon?” phrase, is required
●​ The reader knows what the item
Socially Active Around Reading Tasks
looks like and so, knows when he
●​ Reading is relevant / has located what he was searching
important = continue for.

Mentally Engaged
c. Intensive or Functional reading
●​ Always stay FOCUSED in all ●​ Word for Word Type of Reading
you do. ●​ requires you to read materials
related to your course or to your
research
Types of Reading
I. Close Reading or Reading According
d. Extensive or Recreational reading
to Purpose ●​ This type of reading, called by
others as Light-Type of Reading
a. Skimming
happens when you resort to reading
●​ You can do this type of reading
as your way of spending your
when you pay attention closely to
leisure time.
the title, headings, Index, Table of
e. Literature reading

​ 6
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

●​ exposes you to various types of ●​ Reading it loudly to YOURSELF

written works that express man’s
c. Proofreading
best thoughts
●​ The object of your eyes here are the
●​ feelings about a certain subject
typographical errors.
matter.
●​ Not so much in comprehension
f. Detailed Study reading
●​ Looking for errors in spelling,
●​ understand the content of the
grammars, notations
reading material by practicing a
method of reading called SQ3R. d. SPE (Structure Proposition Evaluation)
●​ takes place in three stages:
II. Reading Types According to ○​ Recognizing & Understanding
Reading Performance or Rate of Language structures

Understanding the Text ○​ Making inferences

○​ Evaluating ideas, reasons or
a. Speed reading conclusions
●​ makes you absorb information at an *Judgment is withheld here until the text is
extra-speedy reading act. fully understood
●​ Reading a text in a fastest speed
●​ Not so much in comprehension e. . MI (Multiple Intelligences)
●​ You don’t obtain the deep ●​ Musical intelligence
understanding ○​ Being Good at musical
instruments
b. Subvocalized reading
●​ Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
●​ reading occurs when you recognize
○​ Likes to dance, do ballet,
the form of the word
perform gymnastics, playing
●​ internally sound it in your mind the
sports, acting, role-playing,
way one pronounces it as a spoken
exercising
word.
●​ Spatial intelligence
●​ Internally Sound It
○​ Successfully Succeed in
●​ You thought you’re saying it aloud
visual data
but you’re just saying it to yourself

​ 7
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

○​ Good in Rubix cube, landing a ○​ Program that would Survey

flip, navigating physical or the Reading Capabilities of
mental math Learner in all over the World
●​ Interpersonal intelligence ○​ Recent Survey showed that
○​ Communicate well with among the surveys PH ranks
people among the lowest countries
○​ Sensitive ○​ FOR EDUCATION
●​ Intra-personal intelligence ■​ academic survival
○​ Problem Solving ○​ PUBLIC USE
○​ Dreaming ■​ to update oneself with
○​ Being Alone what is happening
around
○​ PRIVATE USE
4Ps of Reading
■​ is a combination of
●​ Purpose
reading for pleasure
○​ Reasons
and appreciation
○​ Why Do People Read?
○​ FOR WORK
○​ Skimming & Scanning
■​ for workplace survival
■​ Information Gathering
●​ Program
■​ Scanning
○​ Instruction
●​ Keywords
○​ Refers to the different
■​ Skimming
activities or strategies that the
●​ Main Ideas
teachers or school provide in
○​ Intensive & Extensive
order for the learners to do
○​ Detailed Study & Literature
better in reading
●​ Pisa
○​ Read Aloud
○​ Program International Student
■​ Student is asked to
Assessment
read the word in the
○​ Result of Fun-dent Survey
text as to how the
teacher pronounces /

​ 8
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

read each text / ■​ Selected by the student

sentence instead
■​ Something to speak ○​ Remedial
about in correct ■​ Do more reading
pronunciation activities to help u
○​ Shared improve
■​ Collaborative Reading ○​ Developmental
■​ Reading after one ■​ Reading program by
another the school that are for
○​ Guided different reading
■​ The students are asked sessions or programs
to read on their own, for reading enhancing
but they are provided ○​ Selective
guide questions by the ■​ Skimming & Scanning
teacher ○​ Strategic
■​ Focused because of ■​ Conventional Reading
the guided question ○​ Loud Reading
provided prior to their ■​ Explain yourself what
reading the text is all about
○​ Fluency ●​ Performance
■​ Smooth reading of the ○​ Ability to understand
text
a. Speed reading
■​ Teacher interacts only if
●​ makes you absorb information at an
there is a need to do
extra-speedy reading act.
so, unlike Read Aloud
●​ Reading a text in a fastest speed
where the teacher is
●​ Not so much in comprehension
literally helping to
●​ You don’t obtain the deep
correct the
understanding
pronunciation
○​ Independent

​ 9
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

cb. Proofreading ○​ Rest well

●​ The object of your eyes here are the ○​ Don’t read when you’re tired
typographical errors. ○​ Have a Good Physical
●​ Not so much in comprehension Condition
●​ Looking for errors in spelling, ○​ Don’t read in moving vehicle
grammars, notations ●​ Ask yourself questions while
reading
c. Subvocalized reading
○​ Ask yourself questions, where
●​ reading occurs when you recognize
the answer can be found after
the form of the word
you read
●​ internally sound it in your mind the
○​ You have to take an active
way one pronounces it as a spoken
tole in reading by being
word.
mentally engaged
●​ Internally Sound It
●​ Investigate Further
●​ You thought you’re saying it aloud
○​ Invest on a wide range of
but you’re just saying it to yourself
reading materials that interest
●​ Reading it loudly to YOURSELF
you and give them a try
The Value of Reading by Henrylito D. ○​ Helps with the vocabulary
Tacio ○​ Taking risks
●​ Reconstruct Your Schedule ○​ More learning
○​ We should not just read ○​ Nothing to lose but
because we don’t have something to gain
anything to do ●​ Negotiate with your Environment
○​ Reading is important, we ○​ Create an environment that is
should not just do this conducive for reading
because we are not doing ○​ Quiet place, for you to be
anything mentally engage
○​ You have to make reading a ●​ Gauge your reading ability
part of your daily routine
●​ Equip yourself with Good Eyes
○​ Do not read in poor light

​ 10
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

○​ Know your reading level to ■​ Most people, find it

know which material suits you easier to read in an
best atmosphere of quiet,
away from disturbing
From The Article of The Value of
sights and sounds
Reading By Henrylito D. Tacio
■​ Quiet music usually will
not interfere – it is
●​ Henrylito D. Tacio
rather an asset than a
○​ Reading expands us
liability
○​ It scratches those itches deep
■​ Most other programs
inside
are likely to reduce
○​ Reading navigates us through
reading efficiency
virgin territory we would not
■​ Have a clean objective
otherwise explore
for your reading
○​ Being a reader adds oil to the
■​ Why do you read?
friction in conversation
■​ Why do you read that
○​ Reading is an arduous chore
kind of book?
○​ You’re a slothful to read
■​ You should have in
○​ You can be a good reader if
mind a clear purpose
you want to;
for reading
■​ Do not strain your eyes
■​ Ask questions while
by reading in poor light
you’re reading; reach
on for excessively long
out for answers
periods
■​ “What will happen
■​ Abnormally and
next?”
frequently tired,
○​ Saying the words silently
arrange to have a
while your mind is elsewhere,
physical condition
or when you have no goal for
■​ Avoid unnecessary
your reading is a waste of
distractions
time
■​ Trained to read in noisy
surroundings

​ 11
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

○​ Reading is an active process, ○​ “A man may as well expect to

not a passive one grow stronger by always
○​ Read in order to visualize it in eating, as wiser by always
your mind, to fill in the missing reading”
details or otherwise you will ●​ An American Friend of the Author
overlook some necessary ○​ “Reading sweeps the
information cobwebs away”
○​ As you acquire fluency and ○​ Means, “Reading.. enhances
pleasure in reading, try thinking. It stretches and
something complex strains our mental muscles. It
○​ Pick an encyclopedia article clobbers our brittle, narrow,
dealing with a subject that intolerant opinions with new
really fascinates you ideas and strong facts. It
○​ Try to scan the pages of a stimulates growing up instead
novel that calls for more than of growing old”
customary effort to read ●​ Francis Bacon
○​ Have patience with the book; ○​ “Read not to contradict or
do not give up after a few confute, nor to believe and
pages take for granted, nor to find
○​ Stay with the book for several talk and discourse, but to
chapters until you know weight and consider. Some
definitely whether you like it books are to be tasted, others
or not, probably you will find to be swallowed, and some
yourself enjoying it. few to be chewed and
●​ Sir Richard Steele digested.
○​ “Reading… is to mind what ●​ John Berger
exercise is to body” ○​ “When we read a story, we
●​ Jeremy Collier inhabit it. The covers of the
○​ Had the same view as Sir book are like a roof and four
Richard Steele walls. What is to happen next
will take place within the four

​ 12
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

walls of the story. And this is of things which you have real
possible because the story’s interest in – a real, not an
voice makes everything it’s imaginary – and which you
own.” find to be really fit for what
●​ Another Fellow you are engaged in”
○​ “Reading makes us more ●​ William Ellery Channing
interesting to be around” ○​ “They that have read about
●​ C. Neil Strait (famous American everything are thought to
Author) understand everything too;
○​ “The hours spent in reading but it is not always so.
are investments in tomorrow. Reading furnishes the mind
For reading sends us into the only with the materials of
future with a great reservoir of knowledge; it is thinking that
knowledge from which we makes what we read ours. We
can draw at various times.” are ruminating kind, and it is
○​ “Reading is one good way to not enough to cram ourselves
keep boredom from closing in with a great load of
upon life” collections – we must chew
○​ “Reading introduces new them over again.”
people, new ideas, and new ●​ Richard Baxter
events into life. And boredom ○​ “It is not the reading of many
is a stranger to the new books which is necessary to
exciting things” make a man wise or good, but
●​ Thomas Carlyle the well-reading of a few,
○​ “Learn to be good readers, could he be sure to have the
which is perhaps a more best”
difficult thing than you ○​ “And it is not possible to read
imagine. Learn to be over many on the same
discriminative in your reading; subject without a great deal
to read faithfully, and with of loss of precious time”
your best attention, all kinds ●​ John Locke

​ 13
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

○​ “Reading furnishes the mind ●​ help

only with materials of ●​ readers
●​ form
knowledge; it is thinking that
●​ generalization
makes what we read ours” ●​ about
●​ reading
●​ materials
Genres & Text Types
●​ Relationship between genre and
●​ connected to reading reading
●​ Without reading what is the use of
Genres
reading materials

●​ Any group of artistic composition 2 Broad Categories

with similar characteristics
●​ Commonality ●​ Literary
●​ Art (HISTORY PORTRAIT ○​ Creatively written
LANDSCAPE) ○​ Prose
●​ Music ■​ Stories, Novels
●​ Anything in a group ■​ free flowing
●​ Any form of oral and written ■​ Ordinary Language
communication with common ■​ Sentences &
observable patterns Paragraphs
●​ Spoken Language ■​ Fiction
●​ Written Language ●​ Stories, Novels
●​ Everywhere ●​ Imagination of
○​ Wherever we go there is a the Writer
group of genre ●​ Not real events
○​ Oral ●​ Short Story
○​ Sunday Sermons ●​ Novella
○​ Telephone Conversations ●​ Novel
○​ Communication ■​ Non-Fiction
○​ Written ●​ Real Life Events
○​ Essays ●​ Essay
○​ Research Papers ●​ Letter
●​ Biography
●​ Diary
●​ Poetry
●​ TEXTS
○​ Rhythm & Structure
●​ with
○​ Creative Language
●​ observable
○​ Lines, meter, stanzas
●​ patterns
■​ Lyric
​ 14
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

●​ Simple Lyric ■​ Narrative

●​ Song ●​ Ballad
●​ Sonnet ●​ Epic
○​ Love ○​ long
●​ Elegy narrative
○​ most that tells
famous about
○​ poem to heroes
commemo ○​ mahabhar
rate the ata
dead ○​ odyssey
○​ laments by homer
the dead ●​ Metrical Tale
of the ●​ Metrical
subject Romance
and often ●​ Stories written in
ends with verse (lines,
solids stanzas)
○​ Oh ■​ Dramatic
Captain, ●​ Play, needs to be
My captain acted
■​ Whe ●​ also in verse
n on form
the ●​ Dramatic
dec Monologue
k my ●​ Character Sketch
capt ●​ Soliloquy
ain ●​ Factual
lies ○​ Purely informative
falle ○​ Procedure
n ■​ Process / Series of
cold Steps
and ■​ How?
dea ●​ How to cook
d “Sinigang”?
●​ Ode ■​ Transitional Devices
○​ Collection ●​ Lastly…
of verses ●​ Next step…
○​ intended ●​ After doing so…
to be sung

​ 15
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

■​ One step to the other ■​ Introducing the topic

step for the first time
■​ 1-2-3-4 ■​ What is that?
○​ Explanation ■​ What is it?
■​ Why? ●​ What is sinigang?
■​ Justifies reasons for the ■​ Focus on the basic
existence of something information that you
■​ Of a term or can give about the
phenomenon topic
■​ causes and effect ○​ Recount
●​ Why is sinigang a ■​ Events in chronological
favorite Filipino order
dish? ■​ Recount the
■​ The reason why experience, events
■​ Explaining the Why? ■​ Order of the events
○​ Exposition ■​ Like an incident report
■​ details showing ■​ In procedure don’t
different sides of an present events
issue ●​ My experience in
■​ cover the advantages cooking sinigang
or disadvantages for the first time
■​ pros or cons
■​ comparing one with Widening the Horizon
another ●​ 2 More Types of Genre:
■​ always gives us 2 sides ○​ Literary & Factual
■​ “The difference ■​ Broad Overview
between” ○​ Narrative & Expository Texts
●​ The difference ●​ Written Texts
between ○​ Purposes
sinigang and ■​ Tells a story
nilaga ●​ Narrative
○​ Information Report ■​ Give information
■​ Basic concept ●​ Expository
■​ Sentence Definition ■​ Differs in Structure
■​ Provides the reader
with the most basic Narrative Texts
information about the
topic ●​ Structure
■​ Not much explaining ○​ Initiating Event
■​ Problem

​ 16
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

■​ Example: Expository Texts

●​ Cinderella’s
Father Died and ●​ gives us an information about
she begins to something
suffer ●​ does not narrate
○​ Internal Response ●​ Similar to Factual Text
■​ Effect
■​ Example:
●​ Types:
●​ Cinderella
○​ Enumeration
becomes sad
■​ Info. Report
○​ Attempt
■​ Definition of the Topic
■​ Action
●​ “One, first, next,
■​ Example:
finally, lastly,
●​ She attempted to
least of all, most
be happy as
of all”
much as possible
○​ Time Order
●​ She attended a
■​ Recount
ball with the help
■​ Timeline
of fairy
●​ first, second,
godmother
third, in the
○​ Consequence
beginning, in the
■​ Success or Failure
end, shortly after
■​ Example:
○​ Compare and Contrast
●​ Her first attempt
■​ Exposition
at attending the
●​ On one hand, on
ball was spoiled
the other hand.
●​ Her shoe was left
similarly
●​ The prince got it
○​ Cause & Effect
and find her
■​ Explanation
○​ Reaction
●​ Result And
■​ Conclusion
Because
■​ Ending
○​ Problem Solution
■​ Example:
■​ Procedure
●​ She lives happily
■​ enumeration of a
ever after
solution
●​ With the prince
●​ result and
because
●​ Structure:
○​ Introduction

​ 17
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

■​ Gives the subject of the ●​ Critical Reading

text ○​ Does it ring a bell?
■​ idea ○​ ability read between the lines
○​ Body ○​ in order to get what the text
■​ elaboration really means
■​ Provides the sub-topics ○​ ideas of what the author have
pertaining to the ■​ Stated
subject ●​ see the idea of
○​ Ending the author
■​ Brings to text to a close ●​ stated directly
●​ Critical Thinking
Critical Reading ○​ ideas are
●​ Critical Thinking there
○​ Judging an idea in a text already
whether it is invalid or valid ■​ implied
○​ if you can analyze and know ●​ does not
the fallacies implicitly mention
■​ False Cause - in the text
connecting one event ●​ hidden
to another when there ●​ in order for us to
is no connection at all
get this idea we
■​ Ad Hominem -
attacking the person need to analyze
rather than on the the whole idea
argument or issue. first
■​ Ad Baculum - use of ●​ Critical Reading
force to persuade. & Thinking
■​ Appeal to Flattery -
you say things that you 3 Ways to Use Critical Thinking
know the person wants
to hear.
●​ Inferences
■​ Either/Or - suggesting
that there are only two ●​ Drawing out unsaid ideas
alternatives. based on the details present
■​ Ad Misericordiam - in the text
appeal to emotions, ●​ Drawing out unsaid ideas in
pity, or sympathy. the text based on what is said
■​ Ad Populum - believing ●​ Unsaid ideas = read critically
that the majority is
before think critically
always right.
■​ Ad Verecundiam - use ●​ inference = based on what is
of a person's popularity, stated and explicitly found in
authority, or expertise the text
to be more credible.
​ 18
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

●​ Who do you think are being ●​ such as

referred to in the text? ●​ for example
●​ Use the words and ideas you ●​ Interpreting
see and the author gives in ●​ Figures of Speech
the text ●​ writer’s tool in
●​ inference = ideas creatively expressing
●​ Wild guess an idea
●​ What conclusion can you ●​ figurative language
give? ●​ words or phrases that
●​ drawing out unsaid ideas transcends their literal
based on the ideas presented meanings
in the text ●​ goes beyond their
●​ Context Clues literal meaning
●​ guides ●​ figurative meaning
●​ words rather than literal
●​ phrases meaning
●​ punctuations ●​ expressions that
●​ Types : appear to say one thing
●​ Definition but mean another thing
●​ words or phrases ●​ Simile
explained ●​ like or as
immediately ●​ draw a
●​ Antonym / Contrast comparison
●​ opposite ●​ Metaphor
meaning of the ●​ comparison
word or phrase without as or like
●​ Synonym / ●​ direct
Restatement comparison
●​ hard word or ●​ Personification
phrase is said in ●​ humanlike
a simple way characteristics to
●​ “or” non-human
●​ synonymous / entities
similar ●​ Hyperbole
●​ Example / Explanation ●​ exaggeration
●​ new word, an ●​ Onomatopoeia
example might ●​ sounds
get found to help ●​ imitates the
explain its natural sounds of
meaning a thing

​ 19
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

●​ Alliteration ●​ a key part of

●​ antonym of paradoxes is that
assonance they at least
●​ poetic technique sound
●​ series of words reasonable
in a sentence ●​ 2 opposing ideas
have the same combined then
first consonant the sentence
sound makes sense
●​ all are first word ●​ Irony
starts with ●​ far from reality
consonant ●​ difference
●​ Synecdoche between
●​ part of expectations vs
something is reality
substituted to ●​ two contradicting
stand for the meanings of the
whole same situation,
●​ part is used to event, image,
represent sentence, phrase
something or a story
●​ Metonymy ●​ Euphemism
●​ representing ●​ polite
something but it ●​ mild phrases
replaces another which substitute
thing unpleasant says
●​ away from a part of saying
as it is not a part something sad or
anymore uncomfortable
●​ replacing ●​ use of more
●​ Oxymoron polite terms
●​ pairing of ●​ Assonance
opposing words ●​ Vowels in the
that contradicts first letters of the
together sentence or
●​ opposing words phrase
side-by-side
●​ Paradox
●​ statement that
contradicts itself

​ 20
 ​ ​ ​ GRADE 11 2ND SEMESTER
3RD QUARTER

Reading & Writing

Reading & Writing | ​ ​ ​

​ 21