Multiple-Choice Questions on Blood
1. What is the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs)?
a) Blood clotting b) Oxygen transport c) Immune defense d) Hormone
regulation
Answer: b) Oxygen transport
2. Which component of blood is responsible for clot formation?
a) Plasma b) Platelets c) White blood cells d) Red blood cells
Answer: b) Platelets
3. Plasma makes up approximately what percentage of blood volume?
a) 25% b) 45% c) 55% d) 75%
Answer: c) 55%
4. Hemoglobin binds to which molecule for oxygen transport?
a) Carbon dioxide b) Iron c) Hydrogen d) Calcium
Answer: b) Iron
5. Which type of white blood cell is primarily involved in allergic reactions?
a) Neutrophils b) Eosinophils c) Lymphocytes d) Monocytes
Answer: b) Eosinophils
6. Which condition is caused by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin?
a) Anemia b) Leukemia c) Thrombocytopenia d) Polycythemia
Answer: a) Anemia
7. Hemophilia is a disorder affecting:
a) Platelet count b) Clotting factors c) Red blood cell production d) Plasma
proteins
Answer: b) Clotting factors
8. Sickle cell anemia affects:
a) Platelet structure b) Hemoglobin shape c) White blood cell count d)
Plasma composition
Answer: b) Hemoglobin shape
9. A high white blood cell count is referred to as:
a) Leukopenia b) Leukocytosis c) Thrombocytosis d) Erythrocytosis
Answer: b) Leukocytosis
10. What is the term for low platelet count?
a) Thrombocytopenia b) Thrombocytosis c) Leukopenia d) Erythropenia
Answer: a) Thrombocytopenia
26. Which type of white blood cell produces antibodies?
a) Neutrophils b) Lymphocytes c) Basophils d) Monocytes
Answer: b) Lymphocytes
27. Which blood cells are involved in fighting parasitic infections?
a) Eosinophils b) Monocytes c) Neutrophils d) Platelets
Answer: a) Eosinophils
28. The first line of defense against infection in the blood is:
a) Platelets b) Monocytes c) Neutrophils d) Lymphocytes
Answer: c) Neutrophils
29. What is the role of basophils?
a) Oxygen transport b) Blood clotting c) Release of histamine during allergic
responses d) Production of antibodies
Answer: c) Release of histamine during allergic responses
30. Which type of immunity is provided by white blood cells?
a) Innate immunity b) Adaptive immunity c) Both innate and adaptive
immunity d) None of the above
Answer: c) Both innate and adaptive immunity
31. Which plasma protein helps maintain blood osmotic pressure?
a) Fibrinogen b) Albumin c) Globulin d) Hemoglobin
Answer: b) Albumin
32. The clotting protein in plasma is:
a) Hemoglobin b) Albumin c) Fibrinogen d) Myoglobin
Answer: c) Fibrinogen
33. What is the normal pH range of blood?
a) 6.8-7.0 b) 7.35-7.45 c) 7.8-8.0 d) 8.2-8.5
Answer: b) 7.35-7.45
34. Which gas has the highest binding affinity for hemoglobin?
a) Oxygen b) Carbon dioxide c) Carbon monoxide d) Nitrogen
Answer: c) Carbon monoxide
35. Blood plasma is primarily composed of:
a) Proteins b) Water c) Salts d) Hormones
Answer: b) Water
36. The process of stopping bleeding is called:
a) Hemolysis b) Hemostasis c) Erythropoiesis d) Coagulation
Answer: b) Hemostasis
37. What is the first step in the process of hemostasis?
a) Platelet plug formation b) Vasoconstriction c) Fibrinolysis d) Coagulation
Answer: b) Vasoconstriction
38. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B12 c) Vitamin K d) Vitamin D
Answer: c) Vitamin K
39. The enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin is:
a) Thrombin b) Prothrombin c) Plasmin d) Factor X
Answer: a) Thrombin
40. Excessive clotting in blood vessels can lead to:
a) Thrombosis b) Anemia c) Hemophilia d) Leukocytosis
Answer: a) Thrombosis
41. The hematocrit test measures:
a) Hemoglobin levels b) Red blood cell percentage c) White blood cell count
d) Platelet function
Answer: b) Red blood cell percentage
42. A complete blood count (CBC) does NOT include:
a) Red blood cell count b) Platelet count c) Blood glucose level d)
Hemoglobin level
Answer: c) Blood glucose level
43. Cross-matching of blood is necessary to prevent:
a) Infection b) Hemolytic reactions c) Low platelet count d) Iron deficiency
Answer: b) Hemolytic reactions
44. What is the normal hemoglobin range for adult females?
a) 10-12 g/dL b) 12-16 g/dL c) 14-18 g/dL d) 18-20 g/dL
Answer: b) 12-16 g/dL
45. Which test measures the clotting time of blood?
a) Complete blood count b) Prothrombin time (PT) c) Hemoglobin test d)
Serum ferritin test
Answer: b) Prothrombin time (PT)
46. A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to:
a) Iron-deficiency anemia b) Pernicious anemia c) Sickle cell anemia d)
Aplastic anemia
Answer: b) Pernicious anemia
47. Polycythemia is characterized by:
a) Low white blood cell count b) High red blood cell count c) Low
hemoglobin levels d) Low platelet count
Answer: b) High red blood cell count
48. Which medication is commonly used as a blood thinner?
a) Aspirin b) Ibuprofen c) Paracetamol d) Amoxicillin
Answer: a) Aspirin
49. The primary symptom of anemia is:
a) Fever b) Fatigue c) Joint pain d) Rash
Answer: b) Fatigue
50. Which organ regulates red blood cell production by releasing
erythropoietin?
a) Liver b) Kidney c) Spleen d) Heart
Answer: b) Kidney
