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Oil Pollution E

Oil pollution refers to the contamination of aquatic environments by oil and its products, which poses significant threats to marine life and ecosystems. Major sources include tanker accidents, bilge dumping, and pipeline leaks, leading to severe physical and biological effects on marine organisms and humans. Control methods involve physical, chemical, and biological techniques to mitigate the impact of oil spills.

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6 views2 pages

Oil Pollution E

Oil pollution refers to the contamination of aquatic environments by oil and its products, which poses significant threats to marine life and ecosystems. Major sources include tanker accidents, bilge dumping, and pipeline leaks, leading to severe physical and biological effects on marine organisms and humans. Control methods involve physical, chemical, and biological techniques to mitigate the impact of oil spills.

Uploaded by

irsamk770
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OIL POLLUTION e

 WHAT IS OIL POLLUTION? Oil and its products endanger the aquatic life in the surface
layers and also coastal flora and fauna is termed as oil pollution.
 WHY OIL POLLUTION IS IMPORTANT?  Oceans covers 71% of earths surface  Serving
as a habitat for vast array of plants and animals  Supply of food, energy and mineral
resources  Over half of the people of the developing countries obtain 30 per cent or
more animal protein from marine fish
SOURCES OF OIL POLLUTION
 Cargo tanker washing area, 3 million tonnes of oil  Import oil losses
 collision in port contribute to 1 million tonnes of oils in seas  Bilge pumping at sea
 dumping of bilge contents by ship add 5 lakh tonnes of oil/year
  Oil based technologies and vessel accidents
 2 million lubricating oil are added every year  Maritime accidents
collision, fire, explosion or grounding
 International discharge of oil tank washing and accidental spillage
 Oil leakages from pipelines due to corrosions, cracks or punctures
 Blow out of wells, disposal of drilling mud's, accidental damages to offshore drilling
Oil waste from oil fields or refineries near coastal produce oil pollution

 EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
 PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF OIL ON WATER  Reduction in dissolved oxygen  Reduction in
light penetration  Smothering (suffocating) kills lichens and algae's along sea coast

EFFECTS ON MARINE ECOSYSTEM  Affects floating plantation and marine life 


Damage to fishery  Lethal toxicity on aquatic flora  Oil coating unable the fishes
respire and clog their gills slit  Affects biological, physiological and behavioral activities
 Adult marine organism can’t survive 1-100 ppm
 0.1 ppm oil acts as a lethal dose for fish larvae
 Sub-lethal dose 10-100 ppb disturbs chemical sensing and communication system in
organisms
 Aromatic hydrocarbons at 10 ppb accumulate in aquatic plant tissues
carcinogenic and affects plant metabolism
 Hydrocarbons in oil gets incorporated in body tissue of marine animals. They are
stable  HC  anesthesia and necrosis and at higher dosages cell damage and death

 EFFECTS ON MAN Paraffins, like methane and ethane are sphyxiants i.e. they cause
suffocation CNS depressant Liquid paraffins can remove oil from exposed skin 
dermatitis; pneumonia in lungs tissue Breathing higher concentration of unsaturated
cycloparaffins  irritation and anesthesia
Aromatic thiophenes, bezothiophenes and mercaptans are lethal  damage liver
and kidney

EFFECTS ON BIRDS Spilled oil break down birds natural insulating oils and waxes
which shield the birds Thus loosing insulation, start shivering and may freeze to death
Oil spilling  abnormally low body temperature  hypothermia in birds Sea otters died
when their fur become saturated with oil by loosing insulation
 Birds developed respiratory ailments because volatile compounds of oil weakened
membranes in their lungs Liver and kidney damage due to ingestion of oil while
cleaning their coats

 OIL POLLUTION CONTROL

 PHYSICAL METHODS Skimming Absorption by
 skimming,
 chopped straw and saw dust
 Chemicals to coagulate oil Power of higher density
 oil can be sunk at the bottom Chalk treated with stearate and 10% sand in slurry
removes oil considerably

 CHEMICAL METHODS
Dispersion
Evaporation
Emulsification
Absorbents
Burning of oil slicks
Floating blooms
Improved navigation aids

BIOLOGICAL METHODS Use of microorganisms Various varieties of Pseudomonas

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