AIR TRANSPORT IN TOURISM

A.SALWIN ISAK
ASST. PROFESSOR
NCAAS
 UNIT
A. – IV ISAK
SALWIN &V

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 ITINERARY
 It is defined as linking of all points in a traveler’s journey from the
origin and in between points(intermediate points )for sightseeing at
the destinations and back to the point of origin, which may not
always be the case.
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 Delhi-Agra-Jaipur-Delhi.
 This journey includes the segments-Delhi-Agra, Agra-Jaipur,
Jaipur-Delhi which may be surface segments or air segments or
both.
 Is one of the major functions and day-to-day activities of a travel
agency.
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 ITINERARY

 Basic information about Itinerary - required from the clients.

 Approximate dates/month of travel of the client

 Total number of people travelling

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 Mode of travel along with the class

 The budget of the client

 Any extra services required

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 ITINERARY

1.Approximate dates/month of travel of the client

 During tourist seasons difficult to get reservations/hotel bookings.
 e.g. December & January-high season in Goa
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 Alternatives –suggested in case of nonavailability

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 ITINERARY

2.Number of people traveling

 >15 avail group discount
 Also information on number of children/infants needed(children
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less than five years of age not usually charged.
 Also needed for making transport arrangements

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 ITINERARY

3.Mode of travel & class of service

 Class of service/mode of transport

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Class of hotel and type of local transport
 Five/four/three/two /one star
 Types of local transport

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 ITINERARY

4.The budget of the client

 Information needed to find out the tour cost.
 High budget tourist-4/5 star/luxury car
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 Medium budget-3 star/train journey/bus
 Budget conscious-2/1 star/train journey/bus journey

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 ITINERARY

5.Any extra services

 For guide, an escort and additional facilities like entertainment will
add on to the tour cost & also visit to additional tourist attractions
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in the vicinity.

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Basic steps in planning Itineraries

PRIDE:

 Pace

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 Routing ISAK

 Interest

 Details

 Energy

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 Basic steps in planning itineraries

PACE:
 As per clients requirement
 Age & health(children/old people) less ,walking, disabilities also
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 Pace not so slow/fast(clients become tired & irritated)-passenger’s
endurance must be considered.
 Half/full day sight seeing with 2/3 overnight stays.

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 Basic steps in planning itineraries

ROUTE:
 Atlas/road maps/maps of countries, capital cities etc.
ROUTING:
 Scenic, A. SALWIN ISAK
 Practical
 based on client needs
 Business clients-based on their meeting plans.

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 Basic steps in planning itineraries

INTEREST:
 Way to add value for the money
 Educational activities, fun, games, dance shows, cultural shows,
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entertainment etc.
 To determine & match client’s interest requires thorough
knowledge of the destination and also practice and exercise in
planning itineraries.

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 Basic steps in planning itineraries

DETAILS:
 Minute details are required-opening, closing times
 E.g. The TAJ MAHAL remains closed on Fridays
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 Inform clients about the check-in formalities, amount of baggage,
type of clothing & confirm surface and air bookings.

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 Basic steps in planning itineraries

ENERGY LEVEL:
 Match energy level with the itinerary
 E.g. - Shimla/Manali larger vehicles difficult to drive
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 Some prefer quite vacation –beach/hill resort
 How much walking is required? Too much walking-difficult for old
people & families with small children.

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 Types of Itinerary

 Itinerary for tourists

 Itinerary for tour operators

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 Itinerary for vendors

 Itinerary for escorts/guides/interpreters

 Itinerary for drivers

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 Itinerary for Tourists

 Purpose of tour
 Budget
 Accommodation
 Transportation A. SALWIN ISAK
 Choice of destinations
 Attractions
 Activities at destinations
 Legal issues
 Behavior of local community members
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 Itinerary for Tour Managers

 The role of tour manager is crucial to any package tour as he has to

perform different duties from planning to actual operation of the
tour.
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 REQUISITES-TOUR MANAGER:
 Professional expertise,
 knowledge of different travel issues,
 crisis management
 personal experiences helps in organizing a tour.

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 Itinerary for Tour Managers

 Itinerary:-
 Complete details of tour from first day to last day.
 Apart from the general details as listed in a tourist’s itinerary, a tour

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managers’ itinerary also carries information about- alternative
arrangements,
 Contact details,
 Quick references,
 Differential rates and tariff details,
 Details of coach drivers and escorts and guides.
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 Itineraries for Escorts/Guide/Interpreters

 Information:
 General details along with specific information to them.
 Instructional details include-
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 Voucher to be countersigned from guests.
 Arrangement of loading and unloading of baggage and valuable
belongings,
 Photography,
 Helping physically challenged guests and women.

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 Itineraries for Escorts/Guide/Interpreters

 Have experience of handling FIT and GIT tour.

 Managerial abilities to handle ground difficulties, crisis
management,
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 A guide can make the tour interesting or boring.

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 Itinerary- Hotels / Ground Transporters

 This is also called as vendor’s itinerary.

 Tour operator sends short instructional itinerary or programme
to hotels and transporting agencies to be ready before the
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commencement of tours.

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 Itinerary - Drivers

 Itinerary is prepared for cab or coach driver to make proper

coordination with guides, hotels and guests.
 Information:-
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 Itinerary includes place and time of arrivals, parking areas,
 Name of hotel, route to hotel
 Other sightseeing places,
 Cleanliness of vehicle,

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 Itinerary - Drivers

 Checking air condition, brakes, public address system, etc.

 Other instructional information
 Attending duty with uniform.
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 Starting air condition 15 minutes before the guests boarding coach.
 Greetings guests.

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 Do’s - Itinerary Planning

 Include places of halt with date and time.

 Provide a brief summary of the city(s)/country and the sights.
 Provide name of the hotel, type of vehicle, time of arrival and
departure. A. SALWIN ISAK
 Include meal plans.

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 Do’s - Itinerary Planning

 Provide links for additional information about the city, country,

sights, restaurants, hotels.
 Many relevant maps as possible.
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 Names and places written in the local language.
 Provide unique information about the destination.

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 Dont’s - Itinerary Planning

 Add too many details which might cause confusion.

 Leave directions ambiguous. There are lots of distractions when
coming into a new city, be as specific as possible.
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 Forget about the nature of group, age group, physical disabilities,
eating habits and language barriers.

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 Dont’s - Itinerary Planning

 Don’t go overboard on the hotel recommendations. Most hotels are

pretty similar in a given price range.
 Include shops which are not registered, restricted areas without
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availing permits etc.
 To remind about restaurant recommendations.

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 Tour Formulation & Designing Process

 Organized package tour is designed with much emphasis on

customer satisfaction and loyalty.
 A repeat customer is preferred in package tour business
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 possible through continuous innovations in improving the
appealing of package tours.
 Tour operators do make in-depth market study on the factors such
as great risks, high breakeven, high quality product and
competitive prices.

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 Tour Formulation & Designing Process

 Formulation of a package tour involves managerial approach

process involves-
 Proper planning,
 Itinerary preparation,
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 Designing,
 Costing
 Marketing.
 Research and development of firms invest time, money, experience
and knowledge in the formulation of package tours.

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 Tour Formulation & Designing Process

 Before they are launched on full scale, marketing divisions do

 Pilot launch
 Check feasibility
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 Possible acceptance of their new package tours.

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 1.MARKET RESEARCH

 Marketing research involves study of the economy of the country

to visited,
 foreign exchange rate,

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 demand for the product,
 consumer profile,
 competitors in the market,
 Product components like sightseeing, transport, baggage
allowance, ground service etc., sales status, channels of
distribution, promotional measures
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 Prepare an Itinerary

 A well planned itinerary holds the key for success of a package

tour.
 It needs to incorporate exciting places of interest and enough
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scope for events and activities.

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 Identify and decide on mode of travel, hotels,
destinations

 Sign contracts with principal service providers: Agreements with

various service providers well in advance is important.
 Contracts for timely delivery of services by hotels,
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 transportation, entry permits, ground handler etc. has to be signed.

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 Costing of Package

 After having signed contracts and designing of package

 Systematic costing of the package will be done-
 Includes the summation of all the cost incurred towards all
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elements of a package tour
 Adding a mark-up price before a price tag is decided.

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 Preparation of Brochures and other
Promotional Material

 Promotion material is another important aspect in the formulation

process.
 Both print and electronic media are widely used .
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 Designing and printing attractive brochures and other materials for
marketing.

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 Marketing

 Based on the demand requirements of the markets right kind of

marketing strategies are framed and then the product is marketed.

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 Documentation

 This last step in formulation process includes copy of the clients

itinerary, tour vouchers, travel and other entry tickets, luggage
labels and other useful information for the Clients.
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 TYPES OF PACKAGE TOURS

Based on:
 Destinations
 Interests of tourists
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 PACKAGE TOURS BASED ON
DESTINATIONS

 Single country package tour- China

 Area tour package -south east Asian countries- Singapore,
Thailand, Malaysia
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 Single city tour package tour-Hyderabad
 Two city tour package tour-Delhi-Agra

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 PACKAGE TOURS BASED ON
INTERESTS

 Cultural sites/historical sites-Taj Mahal, lake palace - Udaipur

 Special interest tours-palace on wheels.
 Adventure tours-trekking, mountaineering etc
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 Sports tours- Olympics, golf tours etc.

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Planning and Components of Package Tour for
FIT, SIT & GIT

 Tour operators take all precautionary measures to overcome the

marginal variations in sale and operation of package tour.
 There are various stages through which planning are done to
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develop package tours emerging segments of customers.
 Cox and Kings have designed the package tour for Bharat Dekho
for domestic customers in India.

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Planning and Components of Package Tour for
FIT, SIT & GIT

 Planning is a methodical approach for accomplishing the future

course of actions.
 It is also essentially needed for business of tour operation as

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various factors determine the volume of demand and supply of sale
of package tour .
 Helps to analyse the strengths and weakness of package tour
business.
 There are various stages through which planning are done to
develop package.
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Planning and Components of Package Tour for
FIT, SIT & GIT

 It is important to examine the inclusive and non-inclusive

components of package tour.
Package Tour Business:
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 Packaged tours have revolutionized the way people travel in the
modern day.
 The concept of package tour is as old as the introduction of paid
holidays, annual paid holidays and Thomas Cook holiday
programme.

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Planning and Components of Package Tour for
FIT, SIT & GIT

 Package tour is the sum total of variety of services offered to the

tourists in one price, which normally is less expensive than that of
each individual items
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 Such tour largely includes the services of accommodation,
transport, food, guide and other ground and miscellaneous services.
 Transport and accommodation form a significant proportion of the
cost and service of any organized package tour.

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Planning and Components of Package Tour for
FIT, SIT & GIT

 Package tours not only save time and money for tourists but also
help suppliers to ensure sale of their services thus balancing the
demand and supply in the travel market.
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 Packages are designed for the independent, group and Special
interest tours after comprehensive research and analysis before it is
launched in the market.

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 Group Inclusive Tour (GIT)

 Members of a group share mutual affiliation-same club, same

organization etc.
 Fixed itinerary
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 Short period(MICE)/Long period(leisure/pleasure trips)
 Group tour packages are comparatively cheaper as compared to the
FIT tour packages.

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 Group Inclusive Tour (GIT)

 There is bulk of sale of hotel rooms, airline seats, and coach

services in group organized package tours.
 This type of tour differs from an escorted tour in that the travelers
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in a GIT share a commonality, while the members of an escorted
tour share no common bond other than perhaps living in the same
region

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 Special Interest Tour (SIT)

 Tourists on special-interest tours travel to a particular destination

for an experience that reflects their mutual interests, and travelers .
 SITs form a group merely to pool their purchasing power and
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realize savings.

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 Free Independent Tours (FIT)

 Tour packages are customized with personalized services for the

Free Independent
 They allow travelers more freedom to vacation on their own
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without following a scheduled itinerary or traveling with a group,
these tours offer the traveler the convenience of paying for all
facets of a trip prior to departure, including transportation,
transfers, lodging, sight-seeing excursions, and often some meals.

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 Free Independent Tours (FIT)

 The business of FIT is operated to reach out the niche customers as

it satisfies the lifestyle and travel behaviour.
 Those tourists traveling on an independent tour outside their
country-FIT A. SALWIN ISAK
 Those travelling within their country are called DITs(Domestic
independent travellers)

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 COMPONENTS OF FITs/GITs

 ACCOMMODATION:
 Important element
 May be primary/supplementary
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 TRANSPORT MODES:
 Safe, comfortable & quick mode.
 Train / scheduled airline / charter / coach, bus, car / campervan/
ferries / cruises.

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 COMPONENTS OF FITs/GITs

 ATTRACTIONS/SIGHTSEEING:
 Backbone of the entire tour package
 Exciting
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 Give the best experience
 EVENTS/ACTIVITIES:
 Entertainment, theme parks, walking trails, yoga / meditation /
spa / horse riding etc.
 Cultural shows, concerts, sports events etc.

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 COMPONENTS OF FITs/GITs

 TRAVEL INSURANCE:
 To safeguard the passengers & his belongings.

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 GDS - Global Distribution System

 Global Distribution System is a worldwide computerized

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reservation network used as a single point of access for reserving

airline seats, hotel rooms, rental cars, and other travel related items

by travel agents, online reservation sites, and large corporations.

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 Functions of GDS

 It’s a unique (and direct) marketing tool

 It has perfect timing
 It improves search positioning
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 Integrate single API to get inventory from multiple GDS systems,
flight consolidators and Low Cost Carriers(LCCs).
 Integrate with Amadeus GDS, Galileo GDS, Sabre GDS Worldspan
which allow to access for reserving airline seats.

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 TRAVEL DOCUMENTS - INTRODUCTION

 Many rules and regulations affect tourism both directly and

indirectly and tourism professionals should be aware of the latest
rules and travel formalities which need to be completed before
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undertaking any outbound travel.

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Travel formalities are as follow:

 Passport

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 Visa

 Compulsory vaccinations

 Travel insurance

 Foreign exchange

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 PASSPORT

 A passport is an official document issued by a competent public

authority of a country to its nationals , to help the holder to cross
any border or port of the country, without any hindrance or delay.
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 It is issued only when the government does not have any objection
for the person to leave his country.
 The passport issued in the name country.
 It is a booklet issued to holder by Ministry of External Affairs with
the help of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

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 It is the holder’s international identity.
 To be valid for international travel , a passport must be used within
the period of validity specified on it.
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 The passports have a limited validity , usually between
5 and 10 years.
 Any citizen of the country can apply for passport and if the
government has no objection to issue.

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 A passport can be defined as an official document issued by a
government or competent public authority , identifying a traveller
as a citizen or a national of a country, giving particulars about
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his/her (with his/her photograph) , and recognizing his/her right to
return to that country.

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The passport can be used for as following:

 Means of access to another country.

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 Means of identification.

 Evidence of legal entry to another country

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 INDIAN PASSPORT

 An Indian passport is issued by the Indian Ministry of External

Affairs to Indian citizens for the purpose of international travel.

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 It enables the bearer to travel internationally and serves as proof

of Indian citizenship as per the Passports Act (1967).

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 INDIAN PASSPORT

 The Passport Seva (Passport Service) unit of the Consular, Passport

& Visa (CPV) Division of the Ministry of External
Affairs functions as the central passport organisation, and is
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responsible for issuing Indian passports on demand to all eligible
Indian citizens. Indian passports are issued at 93 passport
offices located across India and at 197 Indian diplomatic
missions abroad.

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 TYPES OF PASSPORT

 Ordinary Passport (Dark Blue cover) is issued to ordinary

citizens for ordinary travel, such as for vacation, study and business
trips (36 or 60 pages). It is a "Type P" passport, where P stands
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 TYPES OF PASSPORT

 Official Passport (White cover) is issued to individuals

representing the Indian government on official business. It is a
"Type S" passport, S stands for Service.
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 TYPES OF PASSPORT

 Diplomatic Passport (Maroon cover) is

issued to Indian diplomats, Members of
Parliament, members of the Union Council
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Ministers, certain ISAK
high-ranking
government officials and diplomatic
couriers. Upon request, it may also be issued
to high-ranking state-level officials
travelling on official business. It is a "Type
D" passport, with D standing for Diplomatic.
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 Tatkaal and SVP:
Tatkaal Passports (for urgent needs) and
Short Validity Passport (SVP) are also available and these are
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generally considered Ordinary Passports once issued.

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PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:
 Contemporary ordinary Indian passports have deep bluish cover
with golden coloured printing.
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 The Emblem of India is emblazoned in the centre of the front
cover. The words "भारत गणराज्य" in Devanagari and "Republic of
India" are inscribed below the Emblem whereas "पासपोर्ट "
in Devanagari and "Passport" in English are inscribed above the
emblem.

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 The standard passport contains 36 pages, but frequent travellers can
opt for a passport containing 60 pages.
 Some early passports were handwritten, including some issued
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between 1997 and 2000 with 20-year validity dates.
 These passports have been ruled invalid by the Indian government
and holders must replace them with machine-readable versions
good for 10 years due to ICAO regulations.

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 IDENTITY INFORMATION PAGE
The Bio data page contains the following information:
Type: "P"- Stands for "Personal", "D"- Stands for "Diplomatic", "S"- Stands for "Service“.

 Country code: IND  Date of expiry

 Passport number  Photo of passport holder
 Surname  Ghost picture of the passport holder
 Given name(s)
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(only passports issued since 2013)
 Sex  Signature of the passport holder
 Date of birth  The information page ends with
 Place of birth the Machine Readable Passport Zone
 Place of issue (MRZ).
 Date of issue

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 Bio-data page of an Indian passport issued since 2013

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 Bio-data page of an Indian passport issued prior to 2013

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The Demographics page at the end of the passport book contains the
following information:
 Name of father or legal guardian
 Name of motherA. SALWIN ISAK
 Name of spouse
 Address
 Old passport number
 File number

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 TYPES OF VISA IN INDIA

EMPLOYMENT VISA:

 Highly skilled Individuals intending to take up employment

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 5 years/period of contract (Extendable in India)

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BUSINESS VISA:

 Visiting India for a business purpose

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 5 years (Extendable in India)

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PROJECT VISA:

 For executing projects in the Power and Steel sectors

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 1 year or for actual duration of the project/contract

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“X”/ ENTRY VISA:

 For accompanying families of foreign nationals

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 5 years (Extendable in India)

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TOURIST VISA:

 Visiting India for tourism

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 30 days (Not extendable in India)

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RESEARCH VISA:

 Pursuing research in any field

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 5 years (Extendable in India)

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TRANSIT VISA:

 Travellers passing through India

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 15 days (Not extendable in India)

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CONFERENCE VISA:

 International seminars/ seminars held by Govt./ PSUs/NGOs

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 Duration of Conference

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MEDICAL VISA:

 For seeking medical treatment in India at recognized and

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specialized hospitals and treatment centres

 1 year

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 VISA INFORMATION

 Foreign passengers should ensure that they are in possession of

valid Indian Visa before they start their journey to India.
 This rule is however not applicable for nationals of Nepal, Bhutan
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and Maldives, who do not require visa for entry in India for a
period up to 90 days.
 There is no provision of 'Visa on Arrival' in India and no fee is
charged for immigration facilities at the airports.

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 WHO ISSUES THE VISA?

 The Consular Passport and Visa (CPV) Division of the Ministry of

External Affairs is responsible for issuance of Indian visas to the
foreign nationals for their visit for various purposes.
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 This facility is granted through various Indian missions abroad.
 Visa fees are non-refundable and subject to change without notice.

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 WHO ISSUES THE VISA?

 The High Commission reserves the right on granting and deciding

type/duration of visa irrespective of the fees tendered at the time of
making application.
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 Granting of Visa does not confer the right of entry to India and is
subject to the discretion of the Immigration Authorities.

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 WHAT IS A TRAVEL AGENCY?

 A travel agency is a middleman acting on behalf of the client. One

of the main functions of the travel agency is to make an
arrangement with suppliers of travel. The suppliers can be airlines,
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hotels, railways, etc.
 Thus, the travel agents sell the service products to the client and get
commissioned from the suppliers of travel.

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 WHAT IS A TRAVEL AGENCY?

 A travel agency can be an individual, business or company. They

operate as intermediaries in selling and promoting various travel-
related services.
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 For example, accommodation, airlines, railways, road transport,
cruises, etc. They earn a commission from selling services to their
customers.

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 The travel agent serves as intermediaries between the service
suppliers and customers. They sell the product to the customers.
Sometimes the travel agent market supplier’s goods and services
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such as various types of hotels, transportation, operators, airlines,
railways, cruise operators, etc.
 Thus, the travel agent plays a significant role in developing and
promoting travel sales. They placed all the components of the
tourism goods together and sell them to visitors.

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 ROLES OF THE TRAVEL AGENCY

 The roles of the travel agency are vital in the travel industry. They
help to promote and developed travel sales.
 The travel agency put together different services
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of tourism products and sell them to the clients.
 The travel agent also acts as a broker between the client and the
suppliers. They bring together the buyers and sellers of tourism
services. The service providers include hotels, car rentals, tour
companies, etc.

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 ROLES OF THE TRAVEL AGENCY

 Therefore, the travel agent must be aware of the flight schedule,

flight route, currency, tourists’ places, etc.
 They are like a retail store that serves all the travel requirements of
the client. A. SALWIN ISAK
 Thus the travel agent has not only served the client but also gives
business to various service providers.
 In short, they are travel specialists who save the client time and
money.

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 WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE
TRAVEL AGENCY?

 Since the travel agent is a middle man between the client and the
services suppliers, they play major functions in the development of
the tourism industry.
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 The travel agency performs several tasks such as providing
information about travel. This job is one most significant and
fundamental tasks.

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 WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE
TRAVEL AGENCY?

 The travel agency must know the tourist’s destinations, distance

from the airports/railways station, etc.
 They should also know the different categories of hotels and the
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services provided by them.
 The staff should be good in the local language, English and foreign
languages when they deal with foreign countries.

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 TRAVEL AGENCY PROVIDE
TRAVEL- RELATED INFORMATION

 To provide travel information is one of the basic functions of the

travel agent.
 The agent should have details knowledge of tourist places, flight
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schedule, hotel discount, and must be aware of the services
provided by the suppliers.
 Therefore, travel agents must have knowledge of travel-related
information.

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 TRAVEL AGENCY PROVIDE
TRAVEL - RELATED INFORMATION

 The staff working in the travel agent should be polite and fluent in
various languages.
 If the agent is dealing with a foreign client they should be able to
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speak a foreign language, with local clients they should be able to
communicate with the local language, vice versa.

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TRAVEL AGENCY ORGANIZE TRAVEL PLAN

 After the travel agent receives the travel preferences from the
client, the next function of the agent is to prepare the travel plan.
 Therefore, the travel agent should collect the date of travel,
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duration, places to visit, hotels, mode of transport, etc.
 After taking all the required travel details, the agent should prepare
the travel as per the requirement of the client.

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TRAVEL AGENCY ORGANIZE TRAVEL PLAN

 A travel plan is a sequential program that defines the starting

points, places, hotels, food, mode of transport and other appropriate

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travel information.

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 TRAVEL AGENCY ACT AS A LINK WITH
TRAVEL SUPPLIERS

 The travel agent maintains a close link with the travel suppliers.

 The travel suppliers include airlines, railways, hotels, and other

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related travel suppliers.

 Thus, the agent contacts the suppliers before selling the services to

the client; they negotiate for the best price on behalf of the clients.

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 TRAVEL AGENCY ACT AS A LINK WITH
TRAVEL SUPPLIERS

 Once the negotiation is done, the travel agent sells the service to

the client on behalf of the service providers.

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 The agent received the commissioned from the suppliers; the

commission percent usually ranges from 5 to 20 percent.

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 TOUR COSTING

 After the travel plan is prepared and the negotiation with the

suppliers for the price is done, the next work of travel agent is to do

tour costing. A. SALWIN ISAK

 However, tour costing differs from the services opted by travelers.

The price of the tour is charged based on per person.

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 TICKETING

 It is one of the most common functions of travel agents.

 The travel agency has two sub-department for ticketing.

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 Domestic ticketing and global ticketing.

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 TICKETING

 The staff at the ticketing department should be aware of the

scheduled flights of various airlines.
 Therefore, the ticketing staff should know the airfare, special fares,
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airline codes, airline class, cancellation procedure, and other
ticketing-related services.
 Staff should also be familiar with different global distribution
systems such as Amadeus, Galileo, and sabre.

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 SETTLEMENT OF ACCOUNTS

 The settlement is made with the tourism suppliers for the services

they have bought on behalf of the client.

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 The travel agent staff working in the accounting department must

be familiar with currency, exchange regulations, etc.

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TRAVEL AGENCY ORGANIZED BUSINESS TOUR

 One of the major works of travel agencies which are in demand is

handling business tour.
 Business travelers might be travel to a place for certain reasons for
their work. A. SALWIN ISAK
 For example, attending a business meeting, conferences, selling
products.

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TRAVEL AGENCY ORGANIZED BUSINESS TOUR

 Thus, the travel agent must know the requirements of the business
travelers and the reason for the travels.
 The main function of a travel agent for a business tour is to arrange
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the venues for meetings, exhibitions, hotels, sightseeing, and other
related services to business.

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 TRAVEL AGENCY HANDLES RESERVATION

 After getting all the travel details and confirmation from the client,
the next work is to book airline seats, hotels, transport, etc. for the
client.
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 Therefore, while booking the seat the travel agent must be familiar
with the codes of airlines and hotels.
 After the initial payment is made and booking is confirmed, the
tickets, travel plan, travel vouchers should be handed over to the
client.

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 TRAVEL AGENCY HANDLES RESERVATION

 Therefore, due to the various functions of travel agencies, it eases

travel.
 People travel for various reasons.
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 Thus, the reasons and motivations for travel differ from every
traveler.

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 FUNCTIONS OF A TRAVEL AGENTS

 Promoting and marketing the business

 Dealing with customer queries and complaints

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 Providing advice about visas or passports

 Recruiting, training and supervising staff

 Managing budgets

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 FUNCTIONS OF A TRAVEL AGENTS

 Maintaining statistical and financial records

 Planning

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 Selling holidays and insurance

 Meeting profit or sales targets

 Preparing promotional materials and displays.

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 IATA AND TRAVEL AGENCIES

 Today, IATA decides who should distribute air travel products and
how they should go about it. It supervises travel businesses by
suggesting standards.
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 For instance, IATA codes are used everywhere traveling and
aviation intersect.

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 IATA AND TRAVEL AGENCIES

 Think airline designator codes for reservations, ticketing,

scheduling, and documentation; a prefix code to classify
passengers and cargo; a baggage tag issuer code to simplify
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baggage handling; and a location code for easier package handling.
 These codes are even relevant to those airlines that haven’t signed
an agreement with IATA.

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 IATA AND TRAVEL AGENCIES

 Back in the 1920s when the mushrooming travel agencies started

distributing flight tickets, they acted as clearinghouses or a
middleman between travelers and airlines.
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 In addition to spreading vouchers, travel agencies were responsible
for smooth money transactions.
 When IATA emerged in 1945, it took over these processes and
became a mediator between travel agencies and airlines.

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 IATA AND TRAVEL AGENCIES

 That is how IATA accreditation was introduced. It exists to

safeguard airlines and monitor the revenue flow.
 So, in order to get access to airline inventories, a travel agency is
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supposed to undergo verification by IATA.
 In this case, an airline won’t have to check an agency over again
every time an agent connects to the carrier’s reservation system.
 If a distributor is IATA-accredited, it’s a reliable partner.

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 IATA AND TRAVEL AGENCIES

What IATA can give travel businesses?

 Airline ticketing

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 Industry recognition

 Credibility

 Access to financial control

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 AIRLINE TICKETING

 Being IATA-certified, travel agencies can issue airline tickets on

behalf of airlines, which adds trustworthiness from the customers’
point of view. This is the main advantage that eliminates the need
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for other middlemen, simplifies booking processes, and cuts
expenses for both agents and airlines.

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 INDUSTRY RECOGNITION

 IATA-certified agents must commit to industry ethics codes and

meet general industry procedure standards. Working as an IATA
agent also means including the IATA logo and branding on travel
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agents’ premises and websites. All these factors combined enhance
travel businesses’ public image and give it a high-reliability score.

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 CREDIBILITY

 As we mentioned, IATA thoroughly verifies a travel agency’s

business activity, its revenues, and the annual flow of customers.
Once in possession of that stamp of approval, a business is no
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longer examined by an airline or a hotel chain supplier. Hence,
suppliers and agents can communicate directly. This significantly
simplifies booking, confirmation, and payment processing
procedures and eliminates extra effort for both sides.

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 ACCESS TO FINANCIAL CONTROL

 The access to almost 300 airlines opens up a gateway to a wide

range of options to choose from. The Bill and Settlement
Plan enables agents to see the air flight distribution in real-time.
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 Above that, with a discount on each ticket sold, every IATA-
accredited agent can handle their own markup, earn a reasonable
commission, or sell tickets on special conditions, attracting even
more customers.

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 ACCREDITATION OF IATA TRAVEL AGENTS

 IATA accreditation greatly simplifies the business relationship

between travel agents and airlines.

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 Some 60,000 IATA travel agents worldwide currently benefit from
IATA accreditation, selling US $220 billion worth of airline tickets
on behalf of IATA airline members.

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TRAVEL AGENT ACCREDITATION BENEFITS:

 Access to IATA airline members with a single Sales Agency

Agreement which authorizes the sale of international and/or
domestic tickets.

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 Access to IATA’s Billing and Settlement Plan (BSP), an efficient
interface for invoicing and payment between the agent, airlines and
transport providers.
 Unique identification throughout the global travel industry with the
“IATA Numeric Code”.

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TRAVEL AGENT ACCREDITATION BENEFITS:

 Use of the "IATA Accredited Agent" logo providing visibility and

credibility on premises and website.
 Professional recognition - eligible agency employees can apply for
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the IATA/IATAN ID Card - giving access to travel suppliers'
concessionary offers.
 Standardized procedures to ensure fair dealings with the airlines.

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 Destination Management Company (DMC)

 A Destination Management Company (DMC) is a locally-based,

for-profit tourism business whose function is to provide groups and
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individuals with services to meet their travel, meeting, and
entertainment interests and needs at a specific time and place.

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 Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)

 Supplier relationship management (SRM) is the systematic

approach to evaluating vendors that supply goods, materials and
services to A.an SALWIN ISAKeach
organization, determining supplier's
contribution to the success and developing strategies to improve
their performance.

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Thank You