Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
Fundamentals of Networks
Lab1
Second Semester 2024-2025
Grade
Name, Family Name: ABDULHAKIM AHMED ALI
ID: 443056343 Section: 2791Signature: A.A.A
Submission:
Please submit the softcopy by end of the lab session
Experiment # 1: Introduction to Packet Tracer:
Packet Tracer is a program used to illustrate at a basic level how networks work. This lab
will demonstrate how to get around in Packet Tracer. It is copied more or less word for word
from the packet Tracer Help files.
1. Download Packet Tracer
From https://www.netacad.com/resources/lab-downloads?courseLang=en-US
Install Packet Tracer
2. Get familiar with PT
Create User at Cisco Skills for
All
1. Follow the link and create an account:
https://auth.socialgoodplatform.com/auth/realms/skillsforall/login-
actions/registration?client_id=02159bbb62514124&tab_id=QTect48wWa4
2. Use this account to login when using packet tracer
Packet Tracer has two different views: Logical Workspace and Physical Workspace. Packet
Tracer also has two modes of operation: Realtime Mode and Simulation Mode.
At startup, you are in the Logical Workspace in Realtime Mode. You can build your network
and see it run in real time in this configuration. You can switch to Simulation Mode to run
controlled networking scenarios. You can also switch to the Physical Workspace to arrange
the physical aspects, such as location, of your devices. However, you cannot run your
network while you are in the Physical Workspace. You should return to the Logical
Workspace after you are done in the Physical Workspace.
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
Figure 1. Packet Tracer application with a startup view
1. Menu Bar
Manu bar provides the File, Options, and Help menus. You will find basic commands such as
Open, Save, Print, and Preferences in these menus. You will also be able to access the
Activity Wizard from the File menu
2. Main Toolbar
This bar provides shortcut icons to the File menu commands, including the Activity Wizard.
On the right, you will also find the Network Information button, which you can use to enter a
description for the current network or any text you wish to include.
3. Common Toolbar
This bar provides access to these commonly used workspace tools, such as, Select, Move
Layout, Place Note, Delete, Inspect, Add Simple PDU, Add Complex PDU.
4. Workspace Typebar
You can toggle between the Physical Workspace and the Logical Workspace with the tabs on
this bar.
5. Workspace
This area is where you will create your network, watch simulations, and view many kinds of
information and statistics.
6. Realtime or Simulation Bar
You can toggle between Realtime Mode and Simulation Mode with the tabs on this bar.
7. Network Components Box
This box is where you choose devices and connections to put onto the workspace. It contains
the Device-Type Selection Box and the Device-Specific Selection Box.
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
8. Device-Specific Selection Box
This box contains the type of devices and connections available in Packet Tracer. The
Device-Specific Selection Box will change depending on which type of devices you
click.
9. Create Packet Window
This window manages the packets you put in the network during simulation scenarios.
Various Scenarios
Figure 2. Scenario 1 (one)
Figure 3. Scenario 2 (two)
Sample Network Simulation
Let’s create a sample network to see how Packet Tracer simulates a network. Design a simple
network as shown on next figure 2 (connect 4 PCs to a hub). Just drag and drop the required
devices from the Device Type Selection Box (label 7 & 8).
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
Figure 4. Scenarion 3 (three)
Figure 5. Sample Network Simulation
Double click on the PC to assign an IP address to get the following window.
Choose Desktop, then select IP Configuration and assign the IP address. Perform the
assignment as follows:
PC0:192.168.1.1
PC1:192.168.1.2
PC0:192.168.1.3
PC0:192.168.1.4
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
Click on Simulation Mode! you will get an event list window. Click on Edit Filters to edit
the event of the simulation. Un-check “Show All/None” to clear the list, Check “ICMP”.
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
Now switch to Real Time. Click on a PC, inside Desktop, select Command prompt.
Now, ping another PC using the ping command:
Ping 192.168.1.3
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
You can see the packet movement from 1 location to another location
Part B: Understanding types of cables and links in a simple topology using Cisco Packet
Tracer
Now that you're familiar with the GUI of Packet Tracer, you can create your first simple
network topology with two devices and understand different types of links cable/ interfaces
1. First draw the following topology on packet tracer workspace
Here a PC is connected with laptop , however you may try different devices
2. Once the correct physical connection is done using either straight-through or cross
cable then we will do the logical configuration
3. Click on the PC, go to the Desktop tab, click on IP Configuration, and enter an
IP address and subnet mask. In this topology, the default gateway and DNS server
information is not needed as there are only two end devices in the network.
4. Close the window, open the laptop, and assign an IP address to it in the same way.
Make sure that both of the IP addresses are in the same subnet. We'll be learning
more about end device configuration in Chapter 3, Generic IP End Devices.
5. Close the IP Configuration box, open the command prompt, and ping the IP
address of the device at the end to check connectivity.
Packet Tracer supports a wide range of network connections. Each cable type can only be
connected to certain interface types.
Cable Type Description
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
Console connections can be made between PCs and routers or switches. Certain
Console conditions must be met for the console session from the PC to work: the speed
on both sides of the connection must be the same, the data bits must be 7 for
both or 8 for both, the parity must be the same, the stop bits must be 1 or 2 (but
they do not have to be the same), and the flow control can be anything for either
side.
This cable type is the standard Ethernet media for connecting between devices
Copper that operate at different OSI layers (such as hub to router, switch to PC, and
Straight-through router to hub). It can be connected to the following port types: 10 Mbps Copper
(Ethernet), 100 Mbps Copper (Fast Ethernet), and 1000 Mbps Copper (Gigabit
Ethernet).
This cable type is the Ethernet media for connecting between devices that
Copper operate at the same OSI layer (such as hub to hub, PC to PC, PC to printer). It
Cross-over can be connected to the following port types: 10 Mbps Copper (Ethernet), 100
Mbps Copper (Fast Ethernet), and 1000 Mbps Copper (Gigabit Ethernet).
Fiber media is used to make connections between fiber ports (100 Mbps or
Fiber 1000 Mbps).
Phone line connections can only be made between devices with modem ports.
Phone The standard application for modem connections is an end device (such as a
PC) dialing into a network cloud.
Coaxial media is used to make connections between coaxial ports such as a
Coaxial cable modem connected to a Packet Tracer Cloud.
Serial connections, often used for WAN links, must be connected between
Serial serial ports. Note that you must enable clocking on the DCE side to bring up
DCE and DTE the line protocol. The DTE clocking is optional. You can tell which end of the
connection is the DCE side by the small “clock” icon next to the port. If you
choose the Serial DCE connection type and then connect two devices, the first
device will be the DCE side and the second device will be automatically set to
the DTE side. The reverse is true if you choose the Serial DTE connection
type.
The 8-port asynchronous cable provides the high-density connector on one end
Octal and eight RJ-45 plugs on the other.
A cable for connecting Things, components, microcontrollers (MCU-PT), and
IoE Custom single board computers (SBC-PT). The cable bundles the ground, power, and
Cable data wires.
USB cable used for connecting Things, components, microcontrollers (MCU-
USB PT), and single board computers (SBC-PT) as a data connection.
hough four wires are typically used in the US phone cabling, only two are
necessary for tele-comms. The event that a second line is needed, the other
two are used
Coaxial Cable
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
Used by TV and that is common for data comms
Taking a round cross-section of the cable you would find a single centre solid
wire symmetrically surrounded by a braided or foil conductor
Between the centre wire and foil is a insulating dialectric
Serial DCE & DTE
A serial cable is used to transfer information between two devices using a serial
communication protocol
The form of connectors depends on the particular serial port used
Devices that communicate over a serial interface are divided into two classes:
DTE and DCE
Most important difference between the two is that DCE device supplies the
clock signal that paces the communications on the bus
Octal Cable
Uses a 68-pin connector and breakout cable and provide eight RJ-46 rolled
cable asynchronous ports on each 68-pin connector
You can connect each RJ-45 cable port to the console or AUX port of a device
The following table summarizes the main interface types and associated cables
Interface <interface-type> Example Cable
Console, Auxilary Ethernet
FastEthernet FastEthernet
GigabitEthernet GigabitEthernet
USB USB-console
Serial Serial
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
Telnet RS 232
Fiber Fast Ethernet
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
Lab Task:
Task: Show the difference between a Hub and a switch with the help of the simulation
(Packet Tracer). Please note that you should connect the devices in the star topology.
Notes:
Take screenshots of your work step by step
Paste your solution’s screenshots in this document after “start your
solution here” in an ordered fashion.
Each screenshot must have a title (caption).
Write your name and information at the top of the file.
Save your Packet Tracer File and Submit it with this word document.
Start Your Solution Here
TOPOLOGY:
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
IP CONFIGURATION PC0:
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
IP CONFIGURATION PC1:
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
IP CONFIGURATION PC2:
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
IP CONFIGURATION PC3:
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
TESTING:
PC0
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
PC1
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
PC2
Islamic University الجامعة اإلسالمية
Faculty of Computer and كلية نظم الحاسبات
Information Systems والمعلومات
PC3
