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19th Century Architecture Styles

The document discusses the evolution of architecture in the late 19th century, highlighting the Classical Revival and Modern Rational styles. It emphasizes key characteristics of modern architecture, such as the use of new materials, functional design, and the principle that 'form follows function.' The lecture also reflects on the rejection of historical styles and ornamentation in favor of simplicity and technological innovation.

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Mohammad Shabander
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23 views20 pages

19th Century Architecture Styles

The document discusses the evolution of architecture in the late 19th century, highlighting the Classical Revival and Modern Rational styles. It emphasizes key characteristics of modern architecture, such as the use of new materials, functional design, and the principle that 'form follows function.' The lecture also reflects on the rejection of historical styles and ornamentation in favor of simplicity and technological innovation.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Shabander
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Theory of Architecture I

By
Dr. Mohammed Shabander
(B.Sc.Arch.,M.Sc.U.D.,Ph.D.C.P.)

Lecture 5
(Engineering and architecture in the second
half of the nineteenth century)

3rd Year Architecture


2015/2016 Second Semester
Architecture in the Late of 19th c.
Architecture in the Late of 19th c.
Classical Revival Style
• Identifiable Features
• Formal symmetrical design, usually
with center door
• Front facade columned porch
• Full height porch with classical
columns
• Front facing gable on porch or main
roof
• Decorative door surrounds, columns,
or sidelights
• Rectangular double hung windows
• Roof line balustrade
Architecture in the Late of 19th c.
Modern Rational Style
• The Modern Movement of architecture
represents a dramatic shift in the design of
buildings.
• Based on the use of the new man-made
materials, steel & metal – frame construction.
• Elevator helped America to invent the
skyscraper
• Use of concrete & glass to create functional
buildings with clean lines & without
decoration.
Common Themes of Modern Architecture
• The notion that "Form follows function", a dictum
originally expressed by Louis Sullivan, meaning that
the result of design should derive directly from its
purpose.
• Simplicity and clarity of forms and elimination of
"unnecessary detail“.
• Visual expression of structure (as opposed to the
hiding of structural elements).
• Use of industrially-produced materials; adoption of
the machine aesthetic.
• A visual emphasis on horizontal and vertical lines.
LOUIS SULLIVAN,
Guaranty
(Prudential)
Building, Buffalo,
1894–1896.
Louis Sullivan, Carson, Pirie, Scott Building (Chicago),
1899-1904
The Robie House (1910) in Chicago by Frank Lloyd Wright.
It is agreed, we refuse to duplicate
handmade works, historical style
forms, and other materials for
production.
- Peter Behrens, 1907
Rejection of historical and handmade artefacts
– they are to be replaced by new technologies
and materials.
Ornament is a waste of the energy of
labour, and therefore a waste of health…
Today it also means squandered material
and squandered capital…
The modern person, the person with
modern nerves, does not need ornament,
on the contrary, he detests it.

- Adolf Loos “Ornament and Crime” 1908


Less is more.
- Mies van der Rohe
Architects and designers
approached design by methods that
reduced all unnecessary elements.
Early modernism
• Modern architecture as primarily driven
by technological and engineering
developments.
• Modernism is a matter of taste,
• A reaction against eclecticism and the
lavish stylistic excesses
of Victorian and Edwardian architecture.
Modernism
A break from the past
and a search for new expression.
A faith in new technology and
aesthetics
to solve problems of society.

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