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“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

SHEKHAWATI MISSION-100 : 2024-25

k Hkkx&2 i| [k.M mPp ek/;fed ijh{kk] 2025
Senior Secondary Examination-2025
uewuk ç'u i= (Model Paper)
fo"k; & fgUnh lkfgR; (Sub: Hindi Literature) d{kk%12oha (Class : 12th)
le;% 03 ?kUVs 15 feuV iw.kkaZd% 80
ijh{kkkfFkZ ;ksa ds fy;s lkekU; funsZ' k%&
1- loZçFke vius ç'u i= ij ukekad vfuok;Zr% fy[ksaA
2- lHkh iz”u gy djuk vfuok;Z gSA
3- çR;sd ç'u dk mÙkj nh xbZ mÙkj iqfLrdk esa fy[ksaA
4- ftu ç”uksa esa vkUrfjd [k.M gSaA muds mÙkj ,d lkFk fy[ks A
5- mÙkj fy[kus ls iwoZ ç'u dk Øekad vo'; fy[ksaA
[k.M&v (Section -A)
iz% 1 oLrqfu"B ç'u& (i ls xv) (15x1=15)
(i) *lwjnkl dh >ksaiM+h* ikB çsepan ds fdl miU;kl dk va'k gS\
¼v½ deZHkwfe ¼c½ xcu
¼l½ xksnku ¼n½ jaxHkwfe
(ii) lwjnkl dh >ksia M+h esa vkx yxkus dk dk;Z fdl O;fä us fd;k \
¼v½ tx/kj us ¼c½ ctjaxh us
¼l½ HkSjksa us ¼n½ uk;djke us
(iii) *fcLdksgj dh ekVh* ikB esa *Hklh.k* 'kCn dk laca/k fdl iq"i ls gS \
¼v½ gjflaxkj ¼c½ pesyh
¼l½ dey ¼n½ xqykc
(iv) *NIiu dk dky* fdl o"kZ iM+k \
¼v½ 1856 ¼c½ 1999
¼l½ 1973 ¼n½ 1899
(v) jk{klh cka/k fdl unh ij cuk;k tk jgk Fkk\
¼v½ xaxk ¼c½ ueZnk
¼l½ dkosjh ¼n½ lj;w
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(vi) *cukjl* dfork esa fdl _rq dk o.kZu gS \

¼v½ olar ¼c½ o"kkZ
¼l½ 'kjn ¼n½ gseUr
(vii) Þ, cj ckft fcyksfdÞ js[kkafdr 'kCn dk vFkZ%&
¼v½ ç—fr ¼c½ ?kksM+k
¼l½ iq"i ¼n½ jke
(viii) tk;lh ds ckjgeklk dk çkjEHk fdl ekl ls gksrk gS\
¼v½ ikS"k ¼l½ QkYxqu
¼l½ ekxZ'kh"kZ ¼n½ ek?k
(ix) *nwljk nsonkl* dgkuh esa fdl 'kgj dk o.kZu gS\
¼v½ cukjl ¼c½ gfj}kj
¼l½ iq"dj ¼n½ ç;kx
(x) *laofn;k* ikB fdl fo/kk ls lcaf/kr gS\
¼v½ dgkuh ¼c½ fucU/k
¼l½ js[kkfp= ¼n½ laLej.k
(x) *çse/ku dh Nk;k Le`fr* esa *ehjtkiqj* 'kCn dk D;k vFkZ crk;k gS\
¼v½ /keZiqj ¼c½ n'kZuiqj
¼l½ lR;iqj ¼n½ y{ehiqj
(xii) lekpkj ys[ku esa *ddkj* dh la[;k gS
¼v½ rhu ¼c½ Ng
¼l½ ik¡p ¼n½ pkj
(xii) mYVk fijkfeM 'kSyh dk ç;ksx dc çkjEHk gqvk \
¼v½ 17 oha lnh ds e/; ¼c½ 18 oha lnh ds e/;
¼l½ 16 oha lnh ds e/; ¼n½ 19 oha lnh ds e/;
(xiv) laoknnkrkvksa esa dk;Z foHkktu dk {ks= D;k dgykrk gS\
¼v½ MsLd ¼c½ chV
¼l½ U;wtisx ¼n½ fjiksVZ
(xv) chV doj djus okys fjiksVZj dks D;k dgrs gS\
¼v½ laoknnkrk ¼c½ okpd
¼l½ ys[kd ¼n½ fVIi.khdkj
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ç-2 fjä LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, ¼i ls vi½ (6x1=6) (i)

-----------------------dkO; xq.k esa dBksj o.kksaZ ,oa la;qDrk{kjksa dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA
(ii) Þcrjl ykyp yky dh] eqjyh /kjh yqdk;Þ dkO; iafDr esa ------------------ dkO; xq.k gSA
(iii) dq.Mfy;k¡ ,d --------------------------- ekf=d Nan gSA
(iv) gfjxhfrdk Nan esa --------------------------------- pj.k gksrs gSaA
(v) ---------------------------------vyadkj esa dkj.k ds fcuk dk;Z dh mRifÙk dk o.kZu fd;k tkrk gSA
(vi) tgkW mieku dh vis{kk mies; esa xq.kksa dh vf/kdrk ls Js"B fl) fd;k tkrk gS ogka------------------vyadkj gksrk gSA
ç-3 fuEufyf[kr vifBr x|ka' k dks i<+dj iwNs x, ç'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& (6x1=6)
HkfDr vkanksyu] vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkaL—frd vkUnksyu FkkA bl vkUnksyu dh Js"B nsu Fks rqylhnklA
mUgksaus fuxqZ.k&iafFk;ksa ,oa lxq.k erkoyfEc;ksa dks ,d fd;kA mUgksaus oS".koksa ,oa 'kkDrksa dks feyk;kA
mUgksaus HkfDr ds vk/kkj ij tulk/kkj.k ds fy, /keZ dks ljy ,oa lqyHk cukdj iqjksfgrksa ds /kkfeZd
vf/kdkj dh tM+sa fgyk nhA rqylhnkl] ekuoh; d:.kk ds vU;re dfo gSaA muds jke nhucU/kq gSaA
*lcjh xh/k lqlsodkfu] lqxfr dhUg j?kqukFkA* cuoklh dksyfdjkr] jke ds n'kZu ls çlUu gksrs gSaA
xksLokeh rqylhnkl us jke dks mikL; ekudj vkLFkk dk Hkou fufeZr fd;k FkkA
(i) çLrqr x|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
(ii) fuxqZ.k ,oa lxq.k esa ,d vUrj fy[kksA
(iii) oS".koksa ,oa 'kkDrksa esa leUo; dk dk;Z fdlus fd;k \
(iv) xksLokeh rqylhnkl us viuk mikL; fdls ekuk\
(v) *jke nhucU/kq Fks*A dSls\
(vi) rqylhnkl us tulk/kkj.k ds fy, HkfDr vkUnksyu esa D;k fd;k\
iz%4 fuEufyf[kr vifBr i|ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, ç'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& (6x1=6)
Þczãk ls dqN fy[kk HkkX; esa
euqt ugha yk;k gS
viuk lq[k mlus vius
Hkqtcy ls gh ik;k gS
ç—fr ugha Mj dj >qdrh gS
dHkh HkkX; ds cy ls
lnk gkjrh og euq"; ls
m|e ls Jety lsÞ
(i) çLrqr i|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
(ii) js[kkafdr 'kCn dk vFkZ fyf[k,
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(iii) ç—fr fdlls ugha Mjrh \

(iv) euq"; viuk lq[k fdl çdkj çkIr djrk gS \
(v) ç—fr fdlds lkeus gkj ekurh gS\
(vi) Hkqtcy dk egÙo fyf[k,A

[k.M&c (Section -B)

ç'u la[;k 5 ls 15 rd çR;sd ç'u ds fy, vf/kdre 'kCn lhek 40 'kCn gSA
ç-5 *dqVt* fuca/k ekuo ds fy, D;k lan's k nsrk gS\ (2)
ç-6 lka>k y?kq dFkk dh ewy laosnuk fyf[k, A (2)
ç-7 *olar vk;k* dfork dk ewy Hkko Li"V dhft, A (2)
ç-8 Þiqyfd ljhj lHkk Hk, Bk<+sA (2)
uhjt u;u usg ty ck<sa AAÞ
çLrqr iafDr;ksa dk f'kYi&lkSUn;Z Li"V dhft,A
ç-9 lwjnkl dk ?kj ty tkus ij Hkh mlus D;k ldkjkRed lan's k fn;k \ (2)
iz% 10 *viuk ekyok [kkÅ mtkMw lH;rk esa* ikB ds vUrxZr dkSulh leL;k of.kZr gS\ (2)
ç-11 ek/kq;Z xq.k ,oa vkst xq.k esa ,d vUrj Li"V djks A (2)
ç-12 Qhpj dh nks fo'ks"krk,¡ fy[kksaA (2)
ç-13 laoknnkrk ,oa fo'ks"k laoknnkrk esa D;k varj gS\ (2)
ç-14 dgkuh ys[ku ds pj.k Li"V dhft,A (2)
ç-15 *t;'kadj çlkn ;k eerk dkfy;k* dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fyf[k,A (2)

[k.M&l (Section -C)

funsZ'k&fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 60 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
ç-16 *;g nhi vdsyk* dfork esa nhi dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks foLr`r :i ls le>kvksA (3)
vFkok
*dkusZfy;k dk xhr* dfork dk ewy Hkko fyf[k,A
ç-17 *nwljk nsonkl* dgkuh esa of.kZr çse dh rqyuk orZeku ifjçs{; esa dhft,A (3)
vFkok
*laofn;k* dgkuh ds nksuks ik=ksa *gjxksfcu* ,oa *cM+h cgqfj;k* dk pfj=&fp=.k dhft,A
ç-18 *fcLdksgj dh ekVh* esa ys[kd us eka dh eerk dk o.kZu fdu&fdu miekvksa ls fd;k gS \ o.kZu dhft,A
vFkok (3)
*lwjnkl dh >ksiM+h* ikB ds vuqlkj lwjnkl dk pfj=&fp=.k dhft,A
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[k.M&n (Section -D)

ç-19 fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A (5)
Þdq V t ds ;s lq a n j Qw y cgq r cq j s rks ugha gS A tks dkfynkl ds dke vk;k gksa mls T;knk bTtr
feyuh pkfg,A feyh de gS A ij bTtr rks ulhc dh ckr gS A jghe dks eS a cM+ s vknj ds lkFk
Lej.k djrk gw ¡ A nfj;kfny vkneh Fks] ik;k lks yq V k;kA ys fdu nq f u;k gS fd eryc ls eryc
gS ] jl pw l ysr h gS ] fNydk vkS j xq B yh Qs a d nsr h gS A Þ
vFkok
gjxks fcu gks 'k es a vk;kA------------------- cM+ h cgq fj;k dk iS j idM fy;k] cM+h cgqfj;k! ------------------eq > s ekQ
djks A eS a rq E gkjk lao kn ugha dg ldkA rq e xk¡o Nks M + dj er tkvks A rq edks dks b Z d"V ugha gks u s
nw a xkA eS a rq E gkjk csV k! cM+h cgq f j;k] rq e es j h ek¡] lkjs xk¡o dh ek¡ gksA eS a vc fuBYyk cS B k ugh
jgw ¡ x kA
ç-2 0 fuEufyf[kr i|ka' k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A (5)
ÞQkxq u iou >a d ks j S cgkA pkS x q u lhm tkb fdfe lgkAA
ru tl fi;j ikr Hkk eks j kA fcjg u jgs a iou gksb >ks j k AA
rfjoj >jS >jS cu <k¡ [kkA Hkb vuir Qwy dj lk[kk AA
dfjUg cukQfr dhUg gq y klw A lks dgs a Hkk tx nwu mnklw AA
vFkok
rksM + k s rksM + k s rks M + k s
;s iRFkj ;s pêkus
;s >w B s ca / ku Vw V s
rks /kjrh dks ge tkus
lq u rs gS feêh es jl gS ftlls mxrh nw c gS
vius eu ds eS n kuks a ij O;kih dS l h Åc gS
vk/ks vk/ks xkus
ç-2 1 fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ks a es a ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij yxHkx 400 'kCnksa es a fuca / k fyf[k,A (6)
¼v½ jktLFkku esa yks d thou ¼c½ es j k fç; dfo rq y lhnkl
¼l½ lekt ,oa ukjh l'kfädj.k ¼n½ i;kZ o j.k la L {k.k es a ukxfjd drZ O ;
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varjk Hkkx&2 i| [k.M

1. t;'kadj çlkn ¼nsolsuk dk xhr@d‚usZfy;k dk xhr½

oLrq fu"B ç'u%&
(i) nsolsuk dk xhr çlkn ds dkSuls ukVd ls fy;k x;k gS\
¼v½ pUæxqIr ¼c½ vtkr'k=q ¼l½ jktJh ¼n½ LdUnxqIr ¼n½
(ii) nsolsuk dkSu Fkh\
¼v½ ekyok ds 'kkld ca/kqoekZ dh cgu ¼c½ dkusZfy;k dh cgu
¼l½ /kudqcsj dh dU;k ¼n½ i.kZnÙk dh cgu ¼v½
(iii) nsolsuk dh osnuk dk ewy dkj.k D;k gS\
¼v½ vR;f/kd xjhc gksuk ¼c½ i.kZnr ds lkFk Hkh[k ek¡xuk
¼l½ LdanxqIr dk çse ugh feyuk ¼n½ chekj gksuk ¼l½
(iv) nsolsuk LdUæxqIr ls çse djrh Fkh ij LdUnxqIr fdldk LoIu ns[krs Fks\
¼v½ t;ekyk ¼c½ deyk ¼l½ fot;k ¼n½ ekfyuh ¼l½
(v) fdlds vkØe.k ls vk;kZorZ ladV esa gSa\
¼v½ 'kd ¼c½ dq"kk.k ¼l½ fldanj ¼n½ gq.k ¼n½
(vi) Þân; dh dksey dYiuk lkstk!Þ fdlus dgk\
¼v½ dkusZfy;k ¼c½ nsolsuk ¼l½ fot;k ¼n½ egknsoh ¼c½
(vii) dkusZfy;k dk xhr dgk¡ ls fy;k x;k gS\
¼v½ jktJh ukVd ¼c½ pUæxqIr ukVd
¼l½ LdUnxqIr ukVd ¼n½ vtkr'k=q ukVd ¼c½
(viii) fldUnj ds lsukifr flY;wdl dh csVh dk uke Fkk &
¼v½ dkusZfy;k ¼c½ nsolsuk ¼l½ fot;k ¼n½ t;ekyk ¼v½
(ix) *v#.k ;g e/kqe; ns'k gekjk* iafä esa fdl ns'k dh efgek dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
¼v½ Hkkjr ¼c½ Jhyadk ¼l½ ckXykns'k ¼n½ phu ¼v½
(x) HkkjrHkwfe dh efgek] xkSjo vkSj çk—frd lkSan;Z dk o.kZu çlkn ds fdl xhr esa fd;k x;k gS\
¼v½ nsolsuk dk xhr ¼c½ dkusZfy;k dk xhr
¼l½ bu nksuksa esa ¼n½ buesa ls dksbZ ugha ¼c½
(xi) dfo us vk'kk dks ckoyh D;ksa dgk gS\
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mÙkj & vk'kk O;fä dks Hkzfer dj nsrh gSA mls ckoyk cuk nsrh gSA çse esa çseh foosdghu gks tkrs gSaA çse vU/kk gksrk
gSA nsolsuk LdUnxqIr ds çse esa ckoyh gks xbZ FkhA mlus fcuk lksps le>s LdUnxqIr ls çse fd;k vkSj ;g vk'kk
eu esa ikyh fd LdUnxqIr mls viuk ysxkA mldh vk'kk mlds eu dk ikxyiu gh FkkA og LdUnxqIr dk çse
ugha ik ldhA
(xii) *nsolsuk dk xhr* dfork esa nsolsuk dh *gkj ;k fujk'kk* ds D;k dkj.k gSa\
mÙkj& nsolsuk dh gkj ;k fujk'kk ds dbZ dkj.k Fks ftuesa nks dkj.k çeq[k FksA loZçFke gw.kksa ds vkØe.k ls nsolsuk ds
HkkbZ cU/kqoekZ lfgr iwjk ifjokj ohjxfr dks çkIr gqvkA nwljk dkj.k ;g gS fd og LdUnxqIr dks ikuk pkgrh Fkh
ijUrq ik u ldh D;ksa fd LdUnxqIr fot;k ls çse djrk Fkk A tc LdUnxqIr us mlls çse ;kpuk dh rc og rS;kj
ugha gqbZ D;ksa fd og vkthou vfookfgr jgus dk ozr ys pqdh FkhA bl çdkj og thou ls gkj dj fujk'k gks xbZ FkhA
(xiii) Hkkjr dh fdu&fdu fo'ks"krkvksa dks *dkusZfy;k dk xhr* dfork esa fpf=r fd;k x;k gS\
mÙkj& çLrqr xhr esa çlkn th us Hkkjr ds çk—frd lkSan;Z ,oa lkaL—frd egRo dk o.kZu fd;k gSA çkr%dkyhu lw;Z dh
fdj.ksa tc Hkkjr dh /kjrh ij iM+rh gS rc ç—fr dh 'kksHkk ns[krs gh curh gSA ml le; ç—fr e/kqe; gksrh gSA
;gk¡ nwj ns'kksa ls vkus okys O;fDr;ksa dks vkJ; feyrk gSA ;gk¡ ds yksx n;kyq] d#.kk'khy] laosnu'khy gS tks lHkh
ds çfr lgkuqHkwfr j[krs gSaA Hkkjr esa fofo/k lH;rk& laL—fr] jax :i] vkpkj&fopkj ,oa /keZ okys çkf.k;ksa ds lkFk
lekurk dk O;ogkj fd;k tkrk gSA bl çdkj dfo us bl dfork esa Hkkjr dh vusd fo'ks"krkvksa dks fpf=r fd;k gSA
(xiv) t;'kadj çlkn dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fyf[k,A
mÙkj& t;'kadj çlkn dk tUe 1889 bZ- esa dk'kh ds lqa?kuh lkgw uke ls çfl) ifjokj esa gqvkA çlkn th tUetkr
çfrHkk'kkyh lkfgR;dkj FksA os Nk;koknh ;qx ds pkj çeq[k LraHkksa esa ls ,d gSAa çlkn th Hkkjrh; laL—fr ls izHkkfor
,sls egkdfo Fks ftUgksus viuh jpukvksa esa Hkkjr Hkwfe dh efgek o jk"Vªh; tkxj.k dk Loj O;Lr fd;kA t;'kadj
çlkn dfo] ukVddkj] miU;kldkj] dgkuhdkj rFkk fuca/kdkj gSA mudh jpuk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa&
¼vk¡lw] >juk] ygj] dkek;uh] dkuu dqlqe ¼dkO; laxzg½ vtkr'k=q] pUæxqIr] LdanxqIr] jktJh] /kqozLokfeuh ¼ukVd½
vk¡/kh] baætky] Nk;k] çfr/ofu] vkdk'knhi ¼dgkuh laxzg½] dadky] frryh bjkorh ¼viw.kZ½ ¼miU;kl½ dkO; vkSj
dyk rFkk vU; fuca/k ¼fuca/k laxzg½A
(xv) fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,&
NyNy Fks la/;k ds Jed.k
vk¡l&
w ls fxjrs Fks çfr{k.k
esjh ;k=k ij ysrh Fkh&
uhjork vuar vaxM+kbZA
Jfer LoIu dh e/kqek;k esa]
xgu & fofiu dh r: Nk;k esa]
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ifFkd muhanh Jqfr esa fdlus&

;g fogkx dh rku mBkbZA
iz l a x &
;g i|ka'k t;'kadj çlkn }kjk jfpr *LdUnxqIr* ukVd ls fy;k x;k gSA dfo us bl dkO;ka'k esa nsolsuk ds vlQy
çse ls lEcfU/kr euksHkkoksa o nsolsuk ds ân; dh ihM+k dk o.kZu fd;k gSA
O;k[;k&
nsolsuk thou ds vafre le; esa osnuk dk vuqHko djrs gq, lksprh gS fd thou dh la/;k csyk vFkkZr~ thou ds vafre
iM+ko esa Je djus ls mRiUu gqbZ ilhus dh cw¡ns vk¡lw dh rjg gj {k.k fxjrh jgrh gSA esjh ;k=k ij varghu [kkeks'kh
v¡xM+kbZ ysrh gS vFkkZr nsolsuk dk leLr thou nq[kksa ls Hkjk jgkA og thou Hkj ftl lq[k dh dkeuk djrh jgh]
;g mls çkIr ugha gks ldkA mls vk¡lqvksa ds vfrfjä dqN u feykA
izlkn th o.kZu djrs gSaA ds ftl çdkj dksbZ ifFkd Fkddj isM+ dh Nk;k esa foJke dj jgk
gks vkSj mls muhanh n'kk esa dksbZ e/kqj jkx lqukbZ iM+ tk,A nsolsuk dks LdanxqIr dk ç.k; fuosnu Hkh ,sls gh
fogkx&jkx ds leku çrhr gqvkA Hkko ;g gS fd thou Hkj la?k"kZ djrh jgh nsolsuk lq[k dh vkdka{kk ds ehBs lius
ns[krh jgh] ij os iwjs u gks ldsA vc og Fkddj fujk'k gksdj bu lcls fonkbZ ysrh gSA vc mls dksbZ xhr lq[k
ugha igqapk ldrkA
fo'ks"k &
(1) bu iafä;ksa esa nsolsuk dh osnuk vkSj vUr}ZU} lkdkj gks mBk gSA

(2) *NyNy* esa iqu#fDr çdk'k vyadkj] *vk¡lw&ls fxjrs* esa miek vyadkj *uhjork* esa ekuohdj.k o *Jfer&

LoIu* esa vuqçkl vyadkj dk ç;ksx nz"VO; gSA

(3) Hkk"kk esa fp=kRedrk o laxhrkRedrk dk xq.k gSA

(4) d#.k jl] çlkn xq.k o dfork eqDr Nan esa gSA

(xvi) fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A

y?kq lqj/kuq ls ia[k ilkjs & 'khry ey;lehj lgkjsA
mM+rs [kx ftl vksj eq¡g fd, & le> uhM+ fut I;kjkA
cjlkrh vk¡[kksa ds ckny & curs tgk¡ Hkjs d#.kk tyA
ygjsa Vdjkrh vuar dh ikdj tgk¡ fdukjkA
gsedqaHk ys Å"kk losj&
s Hkjrh <qydkrh lq[k esjAs
efnj m¡?krs jgrs tc & txdj jtuh Hkj rkjkA
çlax & ;g dkO;ka'k t;'kadj çlkn }kjk jfpr *pUæxqIr* ukVd ds *dkusZfy;k dk xhr* ls fy;k x;k gSA bu iafä;ksa esa
dkusZfy;k }kjk Hkkjrns'k dh efgek dk euksgkjh o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
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O;k[;k &
çlkn th o.kZu djrs gS fd dkusfZ y;k xk jgh gS fd ;gk¡ ey; ioZr ls çkr%dky 'khry] lqxfa /kr eUn gok pyrh gSA ;gk¡
i{kh Hkh NksVs bUæ/kuq"kksa ds leku vius ia[kksa dks QSykdj Hkkjr dh vksj vius I;kjs ?kksl
a yksa dh dYiuk djds mM+rs gSaA
o"kkZ _rq esa tc ckny cjlrs gSa rks ,sls yxrk gS tSls ;gk¡ ds yksxksa dh vk¡[kksa ls d#.kk ty cjl jgk gSA fo'kky
lkxj dh ygjksa dks Hkkjr ns'k ds fdukjksa ls Vdjkus ds ckn gh foJke feyrk gSA çkr%dkyhu m"kk dk tc vkxeu
gksrk gS rks ,sls yxrh gS ekuksa lw;Z :ih Lo.kZ dy'k ysdj lq[k fc[ksj jgh gksA jkrHkj tkxus ds ckn rkjkx.k eafnj
dh Hkk¡fr Å¡?krs gq, ls çrhr gksrs gSaA
fo'ks"k &
(1) Hkkjr dh lkaL—frd efgek] ns'kHkfä] ekuoh; d#.kk o vfrfFk&ijk;.krk vkfn fo'ks"krkvksa dks mtkxj fd;k x;k gSA

(2) dfork esa laxhrkRedrk ,oa –'; fcEc dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA

(3) 'kkar jl o dfork eqDr Nan esa gSA

(4) rRle ç/kku [kM+h cksyh ,oa 'kSyh Nk;koknh gSA

(5) *y?kq lqj/kuq ls* esa miek vyadkj] *curs tgk¡ d#.kk ty( o *gsedqaHk* esa :id vyadkj gSA

(6) vusd txg muqçkl vyadkj ,oa vafre iafDr;ksa esa ekuohdj.k vyadkj gSA

2. lw; Z d kUr f=ikBh *fujkyk*&¼ljkst Le` fr½

oLrq fu"B ç'u%&
(i) vkdk'k cnydj cuk *egh* iafä esa *egh* dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS&
¼v½ vUrfj{k ¼c½ pUæek ¼l½ i`Foh ¼n½ unh ¼l½
(ii) fujkyk viuh iq=h dh rqyuk fdlls djrs gSa\
¼v½ jk/kk ls ¼c½ lhrk ls ¼l½ #De.kh ls ¼n½ 'kdqUryk ls ¼n½
(iii) eqDrNan ds çorZd dfo ekus tkrs gSa&
¼v½ fujkyk ¼c½ t;'kadj çlkn ¼l½ vKs; ¼n½ j?kqohj lgk; ¼v½
(iv) *gksa Hkz"V 'khr ds&ls 'krny* iafDr esa ç;qDr vyadkj dk uke gS&
¼v½ 'ys"k ¼c½ ;ed ¼l½ :id ¼n½ miek ¼n½
(v) dfo fujkyk viuh iq=h dk riZ.k djrs gSa&
¼v½ ty vfiZr djds ¼c½ xr deksaZ dks vfiZr djds
¼l½ fry fefJr lkexzh ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼c½
(vi) *ljkst Le`fr dSlk xhr gS\
¼v½ 'kksdxhr ¼c½ fookg xhr ¼l½ mi;qZDr nksuksa ¼b½ buesa ls dksbZ ugha ¼v½
 Page:10
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

y?kq Ù kjkRed o nh?kZ mÙkjkRed iz ”u&

(vii) Þnq%[k gh thou dh dFkk jgh]
D;k dgw¡ vkt tks ugha dghA
mi;qZDr iafDr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij dfo ds ân; dh ihM+k dk o.kZu dhft,A
mÙkj& dfo fujkyk ds Lotuksa dk ,d&,d djds fu/ku gks x;k Fkk vUr esa iq=h ljkst ds fu/ku us mudks vUnj rd
>d>ksj fn;k FkkA bl çdkj fujkyk us nq%[k ,oa e`R;q dk çR;{k lk{kkRdkj fd;k Fkk blfy, ml nq%[k xkFkk dks bl
dgkuh esa xk;k gS ftldks vkt rd fdlh ls ugha dgkA bu iafDr;ksa esa dfo dh xgjh osnuk fNih gS ftls 'kCnksa
}kjk O;Dr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
(viii) ljkst dk fookg vU; fookgksa ls fdl çdkj fHkUu Fkk\
mÙkj& ljkst dk fookg ,d lkekU; fookg FkkA mlesa fdlh çdkj dk vkUrfjd o ckg~; çn'kZu ugha FkkA fookg esa fujkyk
us fdlh dks fuea=.k ugha Hkstk Fkk dsoy dqN Lotu gh fookg esa mifLFkr FksA fookg ds le; xk;s tkus okys xhr
Hkh ugha xk;s x;sA 'kkar ,oa I;kjk lk] ekSu okrkoj.k FkkA uo&o/kw dks ek¡ }kjk nh tkus okyh dqy f'k{kk firk us gh
nh vkSj iq"i lst Hkh Lo;a fujkyk us gh ltkbZA bl çdkj ljkst dk fookg vU; fookgksa ls fHkUu FkkA
(ix) *og yrk ogha dh] tgk¡ dyh rw f[kyh* iafDr ds ek/;e ls fdl çlax dks mn~?kkfVr fd;k x;k gSA
mÙkj& dfo us ljkst dh ekrk dks yrk vkSj ljkst dks dyh crk;k gSA ljkst dh ekrk dks vius ek;ds esa lq[k feyk Fkk
vkSj ljkst dks Hkh viuh ukuh ds ?kj Lusg feykA
iafDr ls ,d Hkko ;g Hkh çdV gksrk gS fd ljkst dk ufugky yrk gS vkSj ljkst dyh gS] D;ksfa d ljkst
cpiu ls ogha jgh vkSj ogha cM+h gqbZA
fucU/kkRed iz ” u%&
(x) fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft,&
ns[kk fookg vkewy uoy]
rq> ij 'kqHk ?kM+k dy'k dk tyA
ns[krh eq>s rw g¡lh ean]
gksBksa esa fctyh Q¡lh Lian
mj esa Hkj >wyh Nfo lqanj
fç; dh v'kCn Ük`axkj&eq[kj
rw [kqyh ,d&mPN~okl & lax
fo'okl & LrC/k c¡/k vax&vax
ur u;uksa ls vkyksd mÙkj
dk¡ik v/kjksa ij Fkj&Fkj&Fkj A
 Page:11
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

ns[kk eSaus og ewfrZ&/khfr

esjs olar dh çFke xhfr &
lanHkZ&;g i|ka'k gekjh ikB~?;iqLrd vUrjk Hkkx&2 esa lw;ZdkUr f=ikBh *fujkyk* }kjk jfpr dfork *ljkst&Le`fr* ls fy;k
x;k gSA
çlax& ;g dfork iq=h ljkst dh e`R;q ds i'pkr mldh Le`fr esa fy[kh xbZ gSA blesa dfo viuh csVh ljkst ds fookg ds
le; dks Lej.k dj jgk gSA
O;k[;k&dfo viuh e`r iq=h ljkst ds fookg dks ;kn djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd gs iq=hA rqEgkjk fookg vU; fookgksa
ls ,dne u;k Fkk D;ksa fd ek¡ ds vHkko esa firk gh rw>s Lusg çnku dj jgk FkkA tc eaxy dy'k ds ifo= ty ls
rsjk Luku gks jgk Fkk rc rqe ml le; eq>s ns[krh gqbZ ean&ean g¡l jgh FkhA tc rqe dqN dguk pkgrh Fkh rc ,slk
yx jgk Fkk tSls rsjs gksBa ks ij fctyh dk daiu gksA rsjs ân; esa fç;re dh lqanj Noh >wy jgh Fkh ftls 'kCnksa ls
O;Dr djuk rsjs fy, laHko ugha FkkA og Nfo rsjs Ük``axkj ls gh eq[kfjr gks jgh FkhA rsjh nh?kZ lk¡lksa us rsjh vkg dks
çdV fd;k vkSj rsjs çR;sd vax esa –< fo'okl >yd jgk FkkA >qds gq, us=ksa ls rsjs lkSan;Z dk çdk'k mrjdj rsjs
gksBksa ij dk¡irk gqvk lk çrhr gks jgk FkkA eSaus rsjh ml I;kl ls Hkjh ewfrZ dks ns[kk rks eq>s yxk thou ds lq[kn
{k.kksa dk çFke xhr rks rw gh Fkh vkSj rsjk fookg gh esjs thou dk çFke olar FkkA
fo'ks"k & (1) Hkk"kk laL—rfu"B gksus ij Hkh ljy gSA
(2) *vax&vax* *Fkj&Fkj&Fkj* esa iqudfDrçdk'k o *ur&u;uksa* esa vuqçkl vyadkj gSaA

(3) iq=h dh e`R;q ij ;g dfork *'kksd&xhr* gSA

(4) eqDr NUn o fookg ls lEcfU/kr lqUnj fcEcksa dk ç;ksx gqvk gSA

(xi) lw;Zdkar f=ikBh fujkyk dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fyf[k,A

mÙkj& fujkyk dk tUe 1898 bZ esa gqvkA os vk/kqfud Nk;koknh ,oa LoPNanrkoknh dfo FksA Nk;kokn ds pkj vk/kkj LrEHkksa
esa ls ,d fujkyk eqDrNan ds çorZd dfo ekus tkrs gSaA blds lkFk&lkFk os çxfroknh dfo Hkh gS blfy, muds dkO;
esa 'kks"k.k vkSj 'kks"kdksa ds çfr fojks/k dh vfHkO;fDr gqbZ gSA mUgksaus Hkkjrh; ç—fr vkSj laL—fr] Hkkjrh; fdlku vkSj
thou ds ;FkkFkZ ds fofHkUu i{kksa dk fp=.k fd;k gSA fujkyk dk thou la?k"kksaZ ls Hkjk gqvk gSA
fujkyk dh dkO; —fr;k¡ fuEu gS& ifjey] xhfrdk vukfedk] csyk] fHk{kqd] rqylhnkl] dqdqjeqrk] vf.kek] u, irs]
vpZuk] vkjk/kuk] xhrxqat vkfnA fcYyslqj cdfjgk ¼miU;kl½
mudk laiw.kZ lkfgR; *fujkyk jpukoyh* ds vkB [k.Mksa esa çdkf'kr gks pqdk gSA
3. vKs;&¼ ;g nhi vdsyk@eSaus ns[kk ,d cw¡n½
oLrq fu"B ç'u&
(i) *;g nhi vdsyk Lusg Hkjk* iafDr esa *nhi* 'kCn fdldk çrhd gS&
¼v½ lef"V dk ¼c½ O;f"V dk ¼l½ iafDr dk ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh dk ¼c½
 Page:12
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

(ii) *bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nks* iafDr esa *iafDr* 'kCn fdldk çrhd gS\
¼v½ O;fä dk ¼c½ lekt dk ¼l½ nhi dk ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh dk ¼c½
(iii) *iuMqCck* 'kCn ls rkRi;Z gS&
¼v½ iuMqCch ¼c½ xksrk[kksj ¼l½ leqnz ¼n½ eNyh ¼c½
(iv) vdsys nhi ds fy, D;k dkeuk dh xbZ gSA
¼v½ nhi dks çTtofyr djus dh ¼c½ nhi dks vdsys j[kus dh
¼l½ nhi dks iafDrc) djus dh ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼l½
(v) *;g e/kq gS Lo;a dky dh ekSuk dk ;qx lap;* iafDr esa *e/kq* 'kCn fdlds fy, ç;qDr gqvk gS\
¼v½ lekt ¼c½ lef"V ¼l½ 'kgn ¼n½ O;fDr ¼n½
(vi) leqæ ls vyx gqbZ cw¡n fdldk çrhd gS\
¼v½ vejrk ¼c½ 'kk'orrk ¼l½ {k.kHkaxqjrk ¼n½ fogyrk ¼l½
(vii) *;g nhi vdsyk* dfork dk ewy çfrik| D;k gS\
mÙkj & *;g nhi vdsyk* dfork esa dfo vKs; us nhid dks euq"; ds çrhd Lo#i fy;k gSA ftl çdkj ,d vdsyk nhid
leFkZ gksrs gq, Hkh viuk çdk'k nwj&nwj rd ugha QSyk ldrk] mlh çdkj vdsyk O;fä 'kfDrghu gksrk gSA ogha nhid
vusd nhidksa dh drkjksa esa j[k nsus ls vf/kd txexkus yxrk gS rFkk mldh lkSUn;Zrk c<+ tkrh gS mlh çdkj ,d
O;fDr leFkZ gS] Lora= gS] vius vki esa Lusg ,oa d#.kk fy, gq, gSA fQj Hkh mldh lkFkZdrk lekt ds lkFk tqMu+ s
esa gSA vr% vKs;th dfork ds ek/;e ls O;fDrxr lrk dks lkekftd lrk ls tksM+us ij cy nsrs gSaA
(viii) *{k.k ds egRo* dks mtkxj djrs gq, *eSaus ns[kk ,d c¡nw * dfork dk ewy Hkko fyf[k,A
mÙkj & dfo us vius dkO; esa {k.k dks egRo fn;k gSA thou esa ,d {k.k dk cM+k egRo gSA la/;kdky esa lkxj dh ,d
cw¡n lkxj ds ikuh ls vyx gksrh gS fdUrq {k.kHkj esa gh og lkxj esa foyhu gks tkrh gSA ml ,d {k.k dh i`Fkdrk
dk cM+k egRo gSA cw¡n Lof.kZe fdj.kks ls çdkf'kr gksdj Lof.kZe nh[kus yxrh gSA blls ;g vkRecks/k gksrk gS
fd fojkV~ lrk fujkdkj gS fdUrq {k.kHkj ds fy, mlds thou esa vkdj vius e/kqj feyu ls mlds thou dks çnhIr
dj nsrh gSA bl çdkj NksVh&lh dfork esa ,d {k.k ds egRo dks çfrikfnr fd;k gSA
(ix) *vKs;* dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fyf[k,A
mÙkj& vKs; dk ewy uke *lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u* gSA mudk tUe 1911 bZ- esa gqvkA os cgqeq[kh çfrHkk ds /kuh FksA
mUgksaus dfork] dgkuh] miU;kl] ;k=ko`r] fucU/k] vkykspuk vkfn fo|kvksa esa ys[ku dk;Z fd;kA ç—fr çse vkSj ekuo
eu ds vUr}ZU} muds fç; fo"k; gSaA mudh dfork esa O;fDr Lokra«; dk vkxzg gSA ç;ksxokn ds çorZd dfo vKs;
us fgUnh dkO; Hkk"kk dks uohu Lo:i çnku fd;kA mudh Hkk"kk rRle 'kCnksa ls ;qDr gS rFkk mlesa çpfyr fons'kh
vkSj ns'kt 'kCnksa dks Hkh LFkku çkIr gSA miU;kl rFkk dgkfu;ksa dh Hkk"kk] fo"k; rFkk ik=kuqdwy gSA vKs; us vius
dkO; esa eqDr NUn dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA
 Page:13
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

egRoiw. kZ —fr;ka% &

miU;kl%& & 'ks[kj ,d thouh] unh ds }hi] vius&vius vtuchA
;krko`r%& vjs ;k;koj jgsxk ;kn] ,d cw¡n lglk mNyhA
fuca/k%& f='kadq] vkReusinA
dgkuh laxzg foiFkxk] ijaijk] dksBjh dh ckr] 'kj.kkFkhZ] t;nksy] ;s rsjs çfr:iA
dkO; laxzg%& HkXunwr] fpUrk] gjh ?kkl ij {k.k Hkj] bUnz/kuq"k jkSans gq, ;s] vk¡xu ds ikj }kj] fdruh ukoksa esa fdruh
ckj vkfnA
*vk¡xu ds ikj }kj* ?kj lkfgR; vdkneh o *fdruh ukoksa esa fdruh ckj* ij Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkjA
(x) fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,&
eSaus ns[kk
,d cw¡n lglk
mNyh lkxj ds >kx ls]
jax xbZ {k.k Hkj
<yrs lwjt dh vkx lsA
eq> dks nh[k x;k%
lwus fojkV ds lEeq[k
gj vkyksd&/kqvk viukiu
gS mUekspu
u”ojrk ds nkx lsA
çlax & ;g dkO;ka'k lfPpnkuUn ghjkuUn okRL;k;u *vKs;* }kjk jfpr *eSaus ns[kk] ,d cw¡n* dfork ls fy;k x;k gSA bl
dfork esa dfo us leqæ ls vyx gqbZ cw¡n dh {k.kHk¡xqjrk dk o.kZu fd;k gSA
O;k[;k%&
dfo dgrs gSa fd 'kke ds le; esa eSaus ns[kk fd leqæ ds >kxksa ls ,d cw¡n lglk Åij mBhA og cw¡n vLr gksrs gq,
lw;Z dh cky fdj.kksa ds çdk'k esa jaxdj yky jax dh gks xbZA dfo ml cw¡n ds {k.k Hkj ds vfLrRo dks gh mlds
thou dh pje lkFkZdrk ekurk gqvk dgrk gS fd v#.kkHk fdj.kksa esa v#.k gks mBus okyh ml cw¡n dks ns[kdj esjs
ân; esa Hkko mBs fd ekuo thou esa vkus okys Lof.kZe] fo'ks"k {k.k gh gqvk djrs gSa tks mUgsa fo'ks"k r`fIr çnku fd;k
djrs gSaA ,sls {k.k ekuo dks u'ojrk ds nkx ¼ykNau ;k dyad½ ls eqfDr fnykdj mlds vfLrRo dh lkFkZdrk fl)
dj ldrs gSaA
fo'ks"k & (1) thou esa {k.k ds egRo dks çfr"Bkfir fd;k x;k gSA
(2) *vkx* *nkx* tSls 'kCnksa ds ç;ksx ls dfo dh ç;ksx/kfeZrk Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
 Page:14
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

(3) ml fojkV lÙkk ds lkeus O;fDr ,d dsæ

a ds leku gksrs gq, Hkh viuk ,d vyx vfLrRo j[krk gSA
(4) dfork dh Hkk"kk ljy] lgt ,oa çlkn xq.k ls ;qDr gSA

4. dsn kj ukFk flag& ¼cukjl@fn'kk½

oLrqfu"B ç'u
(i) cukjl dfork esa fdl _rq dk mYys[k gqvk gS\
¼v½ 'khr _rq ¼c½ o"kkZ _rq ¼l½ clUr _rq ¼n½ gseUr _rq ¼l½
(ii) cukjl esa lSdM+ksa o"kksaZ ls fdldh [kM+kÅ j[kh gS\
¼v½ jke ¼c½ f'ko ¼l½ cukjl ds yksxksa dh ¼n½ rqylhnkl ¼n½
(iii) *cukjl* dfork ds vuqlkj cukjl 'kgj dks dkSu –<+rk ls ,drk ds lw= esa ck¡/ks gq, gS\
¼v½ /khjs&/khjs gksus dh lkeqfgd y; ¼c½ rqylhnkl
¼l½ dfo ¼n½ eafnj ¼v½
(iv) *iqjkus 'kgj dh thHk fdjfdjkus* ls rkRi;Z gS&
¼v½ feêh mM+us yxrh gS ¼c½ lkaL—frd dk;ZØeksa dh /kwe epus yxrh gS
¼l½ vUreZu esa fdjfdjkgV ¼n½ buesa ls dksbZ ugha ¼c½
(v) *ygjrkjk* vkSj *eMqokMhâ* D;k gSa\
¼v½ ,d xhr dk uke ¼c½ xaxk ds ?kkV ¼l½
¼l½ cukjl ds eksgYys ¼n½ cukjl dk çkphu uke
(vi) *fn'kk* dfork fdl Hkko ij dsfUær gS&
¼v½ n'kZu euksfoKku ¼c½ ckyeuksfoKku ¼l½ f'k{kk euksfoKku ¼n½ efLr"d] euksfoKku ¼c½
y?kq Ù kjkRed o nh?kZ m ÙkjkRed ç'u%&
(vii) *[kkyh dVksjksa esa olar dk mrjuk* ls ls D;k vk”k; gS\
mÙkj& dfo dk vk'k; ;g gS olar _rq esa lnhZ de gks tkrh gS vkSj xaxk Luku ds fy, yksxksa dh HkhM+ c<+ tkrh gSA muls
fHk[kkfj;ksa dks [kwc Hkh[k feyrh gSA muds dVksjks esa flDdksa dh [kud c<+ tkrh gSA ftl çdkj ç—fr esa olar _rq
ds vkus ij e/kqjrk o [kqf'k;k¡ Nk tkrh gSa mlh çdkj fHk[kkfj;ksa ds psgjksa ij ped Hkh c<+ tkrh gSA dVksjksa esa iM+rs
flDdks dh ped esa dfo dks olar mrjrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
(viii) /khjs&/khjs gksus dh lkewfgd y; esa D;k&D;k c¡/kk gS\
mÙkj& /khjs&/khjs gksus dh lkewfgd y; esa lkjk cukjl 'kgj c¡/kk gSA tks igys tgk¡ Fkk og lc ogha fLFkr gSA lkjk
'kgj ,d lkewfgd y; esa c¡/kk gSA xaxk ds ?kkVksa ij ukosa tgk¡ c¡/krh Fkh ogha c¡/kh gSaA lkjh ijEijk,¡ mlh :i esa
fo|eku gSA rqylhnkl dh [kM+kÅ¡ Hkh nh?kZdky ls ogha j[kh gSA ;gk¡ ds lkaL—frd] /kkfeZd vkSj ,sfrgkfld okrkoj.k
 Page:15
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha vk;k gSA xaxk ds çfr yksxksa dh vkLFkk vkSj eks{k dh dkeuk vc Hkh ;Fkkor gSA
(ix) cukjl dfork esa cukjl dh iw.kZrk vkSj fjDrrk dks dfo us dSls ltho fd;k gS\
mÙkj & clUr ds vkxeu ij yksxksa ds eu esa mYykl Hkj tkrk gS tks mldh iw.kZrk dk çrhd gSA fdlh u fdlh ioZ ij
nwj ls vkus okys J/nkyq ;gk¡ ,dkrhr gksrs gSaA xaxk esa Luku djds iwtk&vpZuk djrs gSa vkSj fo'oukFk ds n'kZu djrs
gSaA bl çdkj cukjl esa iw.kZrk O;kIr jgrh gSA cukjl vius vfLrRo ds lkFk viuh iw.kZrk cuk, j[krk gSA
yksx 'koksa dks v¡/ksjh xfy;ksa ls fudkydj xaxk&?kkV dh vksj ys tkrs gS vkSj nkg laLdkj djrs gSaA ;g dk;Z cukjl
dh fjDrrk dks çdV djrk gSA
(x) *lbZ lk¡>* esa ?kqlus ij cukjl dh fdu&fdu fo'ks"krkvksa dk irk pyrk gSa\
mÙkj& la/;k ds le; cukjl esa ços'k djus ij xaxk th dh vkjrh ds n'kZu gksrs gSaA efUnjksa vkSj ?kkVksa ij nhi tyrs nh[krs
gSa] ml le; cukjl dh 'kksHkk vn~Hkqr fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA xaxk ds ty esa xaxk ds ?kkVksa dh] nhiksa dh vkSj cukjl dh
Nk;k iM+ jgh Fkh mls ns[kdj ,slk yxrk Fkk fd vk/kk 'kgj ty esa gS vkSj vk/kk 'kgj ty ds ckgj gSA dgha 'ko
tyk, tk jgs gSa rks dgha mudk ty çokg fd;k tk jgk gSA la/;k ds le; cukjl esa J/nk vkLFkk fojfDr] fo'okl
vkSj HkfDr ds Hkko ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA
(xi) *fn'kk* dfork dk ewy dF; D;k gS\
mÙkj& ;g dfork cky euksfoKku ij vk/kkfjr gSA lcdk ;FkkFkZ vyx&vyx gksrk gSA cPps vius <ax ls ;FkkFkZ dks ns[krs
gSaA cPps dh irax ftl vkSj mM+ jgh gS mls fgeky; m/kj gh nh[krk gSA dfork ;g çsj.kk nsrh gS fd cPpksa ls
Hkh dqN lh[kk tk ldrk gSA
(xii) fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft, &
tks gS og lqxcqxkrk gS
tks ugha gS og Qsadus yxrk gS ipf[k;k¡
vkneh n'kk'oes/k ij tkrk gS
vkSj ikrk gS ?kkV dk vkf[kjh iRFkj
dqN vkSj eqyk;e gks x;k gS
lhf<;ksa ij cSBs canjksa dh vk¡[kksa esa
,d vthc lh ueh gS
vkSj ,d vthc lh ped ls Hkj mBk gS
fHk[kkfj;ksa ds dVksjksa dk fupkV [kkyhiuA
çla x &;g dkO;ka'k dsnkjukFk flag }kjk jfpr *cukjl* dfork ls fy;k x;k gSA cukjl 'kgj esa olar ds vkxeu ds
lkFk&lkFk cukjl 'kgj dh fof'k"Vrkvksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
O;k[;k%&
 Page:16
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dfo o.kZu djrs gSa fd cukjl esa olar ds vkxeu ij tks LFkkfir dykdkj gS oks viuh dyk rFkk Kku ls 'kgj
ds yksxksa dks tkx`r djus yxrs gS ,oa tks LFkkfir dykdkj ugha gSa os viuh dyk dh 'kq#vkr dk ;gh mfpr le;
le>rs gSaA n'kk'oes/k ?kkV ij tkus okys gj O;fDr dks ?kkV dk vkf[kjh iRFkj dqN eqyk;e çrhr gksrk gS vFkkZr~
ml le; dBksj ân; okys O;fä ds vkpj.k esa Hkh vkLFkk ds dkj.k lgtrk vk tkrh gSA dfo dks ?kkV dh lhf<;ksa
ij cSBs cUnjksa dh vk¡[kksa esa ,d vthc lh ueh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA }kj ij cSBs gq, fHk[kkfj;ksa ds dVksjksa esa Hkh ,d vthc
lh ped vk tkrh gSA Hkko ;g gS fd vkLFkkoku o nkunkrkvksa }kjk fHk[kkfj;ksa dks [kwc fHk{kk feyrh gS ftlls muds
psgjs çlUurk ls ped mBrs gSaA
fo'ks"k& (1) cukjl ds yksxksa dh vkLFkk dk vuwBs <ax ls o.kZu fd;k gSA
(2) *tks gS og lqxcqxkrk gS] tks ugha gS og Qsd
a us yxrk gS ipkf[k;k¡ iafDr;ksa esa fojks/kkHkkl vyadkj gSA
(3) *cSBs canjks*a o *vpkud vkrk* esa vuqçkl vyadkj gSA

(4) dfork eqDrNan esa gS o y{k.kk 'kCn 'kfDr dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA

(5) Hkk"kk lgt] ljy ,oa vke cksypky ds 'kCnksa ls ;qDr gSA

(6) *thHk fdjfdjkuk* eqgkojs dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA

(xiii) dsnkjukFk flag dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fyf[k,A

mÙkj& dsnkjukFk flag dk tUe lu~ 1934 esa cfy;k ftys ds pfd;k xk¡o esa gqvkA os ewyr% ekuoh; laosnukvksa ds dfo gSaA
viuh dforkvksa esa mUgksua s fcEc&fo/kku ij vf/kd cy fn;k gSA dsnkjukFk flag dh dforkvksa esa 'kksj&'kjkck u gksdj]
foæksg dk 'kkar vkSj la;r Loj l'kDr :i esa mHkjrk gSA vc rd dsnkjukFk flag ds lkr dkO; laxzg çdkf'kr gq,
gSa& vHkh fcYdqy vHkh tehu id jgh gS] ;gk¡ ls ns[kks vdky esa lkjl mÙkj dchj rFkk vU; dfork,¡ & ck?k]
VkyLVk; vkSj lkbfdyA
dYiuk vkSj Nk;kokn vkSj vk/kqfud fganh dfork esa fcac fo/kku dk fodkl ¼vkykspuk½] esjs le; ds 'kCn rFkk
dfczLrku esa iapk;r ¼fuca/k laxzg½] rkuk&ckuk ¼Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dk fganh esa vuwfnr dkO; laxzg½ *vdky esa lkjl*
dfork laXxzg ij 1983 esa lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj fn;k x;kA
5. j?kq ohj lgk; & ¼olar vk;k@rksM +ks½
oLrqfu"B ç'u
(i) *olUr vk;k* dfork esa euq"; dh fdl thou 'kSyh ij O;aX; gS&
¼v½ vk/kqfud thou 'kSyh ¼c½ iqjkuh thou 'kSyh ¼l½ nksuksa ¼4½ buesa ls dksbZ ugha ¼v½
(ii) Þos uUnu ou gksosaxs ;'kLohÞ iafDr esa uUnu ou ls rkRi;Z gS&
¼v½ uUn ckck dk ou ¼c½ lqUnjou ¼l½ vkuUnnk;h ou ¼n½ taxy ¼l½
(iii) *veqd fnu] veqd ckj enueghus dh gksosxh iapeh* iafDr esa *enueghuk* ls rkRi;Z gS&
¼v½ Jko.k ¼c½ ekxZ'kh"kZ
 Page:17
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¼l½ dkenso dk eghuk ¼olar½ ¼n½ bUænso dk eghuk ¼l½

(iv) feêh esa dkSulk jl fo|eku gksrk gS\
¼v½ catjrk ¼c½ moZjrk ¼l½ Åljrk ¼n½ cka>rk ¼c½
(v) *rksM+ks* fdl çdkj dh dfork gS&
¼v½ fujk'kktud ¼c½ fouksniw.kZ ¼l½ gkL;;qDr ¼n½ mn~cks/kuijd ¼n½
(vi) Ålj catj] pjrh ijrh dks rksM+dj dfo us D;k vkg~oku fd;k gS\
¼v½ uohu l`tu dk ¼c½ fdlku cuus dk ¼l½ mí.M cuus dk ¼n½ fouk'k djus dk ¼v½
y?kqÙkjkRed ç'u o nh?kZ mÙkjkRed ç'u
(vii) *olUr vk;k* dfork dk ewy Hkko fyf[k,\
mÙkj& *olUr vk;k* dfork esa dfo dh çeq[k fpUrk ;g gS fd vkt ds euq"; dk ç—fr ls fj'rk VwV x;k gSA olUr _rq
dk vkuk vc ç—fr fujh{k.k ls ugha dSys.Mj ls tkuk tkrk gSA irs >M+rs gSa] Qwy f[kyrs gSa] vke ds o`{k ckSj ls
yn tkrs gS a] dks;y dh dwd lq ukbZ iM+rh gS A ij gesa olUrkxeu dk cks/k buls ugha vfirq dSys. Mj ls vkS j
olUr&iapeh dh Nqêh ls gksrk gSA dfo us vk/kqfud- ekuo dh thou 'kSyh ij djkjk O;aX; fd;k gSA dfork,¡ i<+us
ls geas irk pyrk gS fd olUr esa <kd ds taxy yky Qwyksa ls Hkj tkrs gSa vkSj ,slk yxrk gS fd
taxy esa vkx yx xbZ gSA ç—fr ls nwj gksrs tkuk ekuo ds fy, vPNk ugha gS& dfo ;gh ckr bl dfork ds
ek/;e ls dguk pkgrk gSA
(viii) *rksM+k*s dfork ewy izfrik| Li’V dhft,A
mÙkj& *rksM+k*s ,d mn~cks/kuijd dfork gSA bl dfork dk ewy izfrik| ;g gS fd Ålj&catj ,oa ÅcM+&[kkcM+ tehu
dks mitkÅ [ksr esa O;kIr Åc] [kht vkSj ck/kd rRoksa dks rksM+dj mls uohu l`tu ds ;ksX; cukuk t:jh gSA uo
l`tu gsrq izd`fr ds lkFk eu dks Hkh l`tu”khy cukus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg,A
fucU/kkRed] ç'u%&
(ix) fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A
tSls cgu *nk* dgrh gS
,sls fdlh caxys ds fdlh r# ¼v'kksd\½ ij dksbZ fpfM+;k dqÅdh
pyrh lM+d ds fdukjs yky ctjh ij pqjeqjk, ik¡o rys
Å¡ps rdoj ls fxjs
cM+s&cM+s fi;jk, iÙks
dksbZ Ng cts lqcg tSls xje ikuh ls ugkbZ gks&
f[kyh gqbZ gok vkbZ fQjdh&lh vkbZ pyh xbZA
,sls] QqVikFk ij pyrs&pyrs&pyrsA
 Page:18
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dy eSaus tkuk fd olar vk;kA

lanHkZ%& ;g i|ka'k gekjh ikBî iqLrd vUrjk Hkkx&2 esa j?kqohj lgk; }kjk jfpr *clUr vk;k* dfork ls fy;k x;k gSA
çlax%& bl dfork ds ek/;e ls dfo us vkt ds euq"; dh vk/kqfud thou 'kSyh ij O;aX; fd;k gSA
O;k[;k%&dfo dgrs gSa fd tSls cgu eq>s *nk* ¼nknk½ dgdj iqdkjrh gS] Bhd blh çdkj fdlh caxys ds ikl v'kksd o`{k
ij dksbZ fpfM+;k dqdus yxhA vkokxeu ds dkj.k pgy&igy Hkjh lM+d ds fdukjs fcNh gqbZ yky ctjh ij
Å¡p&
s Å¡ps isM+ksa ls fxjs ihys iÙks iSjksa ds uhps vkus ls pjejkus yxsA
lw[ks iÙkksa dh vkokt ;g ?kksf"kr dj jgh Fkh fd olUr vk x;k gSA çkr%dky N% cts gok ,sls yxus yxh] tSls og
xje ikuh ls ugkdj vkbZ gksA vkuUn ls f[kyh gqbZ gok fgyksj ysrh gqbZ vk;h vkSj fQjdh ds leku ?kwedj pyh
xbZA bl çdkj ds okrkoj.k esa QwVikFk ij pyrs gq, eSaus tkuk fd olar _rq vk xbZ gSA
Hkko ;g ç—fr gS fd vk/kqfud thou 'kSyh ds dkj.k esa izd`fr gksus okys ifjorZuksa dks ge igpku ugha ikrs gSa flQZ
jkg pyrs ;k vkrs tkrs mldk vkxeu tku ysrs gSaA
fo'ks"k%&(1) Hkk"kk ljy ,oa ns'kt ¼vk¡pfyd½ 'kCnksa ls ;qä gSA
(2) eqDr NUn ,oa fcEc fo/kku vkd"kZd gSA

(3) *gok* dk ekuohdj.k fd;k x;k gSA

(4) *tSls cgu *nk* dgrh gSA* *fQjdh&lh* vkfn esa miek vyadkj gSA

(5) vk/kqfud thou 'kSyh ij O;aX; gSA

(x) fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A

rksM+ks rksM+ks rksM+ks
;s Ålj catj rksMk+ s
;s pjrh ijrh rksM+ks
lc [ksr cukdj NksMk+ s
feêh esa jl gksxk gh tc og ikslsxh cht dks
ge bldks D;k dj Mkysa bl vius eu dh [kht dks\
xksM+ks xksMk+ s xksMk+ s
lanHkZ & çLrqr i|ka'k gekjh ikBî&iqLrd vUrjk Hkkx&2 esa j?kqohj lgk; }kjk jfpr *rksM+ks* dfork ls fy;k x;k gSA
çlax & dfo us Ålj Hkwfe dks [ksrh ds fy, rS;kj djus dk vkº~oku fd;k gSA mlus dgk gS fd blh çdkj Js"B dkO;
jpuk ds fy, eu dks Åc vkSj [kht ls eqDr djuk Hkh vko';d gSA
O;k[;k&dfo dgrs gSa fd i`Foh vkSj ekuo eu nksuks ds vuqitkÅ :i dks lekIr djds mls mitkÅ cukus dh vko';drk
gSA gesa pjkxkgksa o catj iM+h Hkwfe dks tksrdj ;k rksMd
+ j [ksrh ;ksX; cukuk gksxkA tehu esa jl vFkkZr ueh gksrh
gS ftlls og cht dk iks"k.k djrh gSA dfo dgrs gSa fd ge vius eu dh [kht ;k mnklhurk dk D;k djsa\ D;ksfa d
 Page:19
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/kjrh dks rks [kksn dj mitkÅ cuk;k tk ldrk gS ijUrq eu dh >q¡>ykgV dks nwj fd, fcuk l`tu ugha dj ldrs
ftl çdkj tehu dks tksrdj [ksrh ;ksX; cuk;k tkrk gS mlh çdkj eu dh mnklhurk dks lekIr djds l`tu
esa yxkuk gSA rHkh tkdj eu dh mnklhurk lekIr gks ldsxh rFkk uohu euksHkkoksa dk fodkl gks ldsxkA
fo”ks ’ k%&
(1) Hkk"kk] ljy Hkkokuqdwy ,oa çrhdkRed gSA

(2) dfork mn~cks/kuijd ,oa çsj.kknk;h gSA

(3) *rksMk+s rksM+ks rksM+k*s o *xksM+ks xksM+ks xksM+k*s esa iqu#fDr çdk'k vyadkj gSA

(4) dkO;ka'k esa vuqçkl o :id vyadkj dk ç;ksx nz"VO; gSA

(5) fuekZ.k dh ck/kkvksa dks gVkdj uohu l`tu dk lUns'k fn;k gSA

6. rqy lhnkl ¼Hkjr jke dk çse@in½

oLrqfu"V ç'u
(i) rqylhnkl }kjk jfpr *Hkjr&jke dk çse* fdl dkO; ls fy;k x;k gS\
¼v½ jkepfjrekul ds v;ks/;k dk.M ls ¼c½ jkepfjrekul ds cky dk.M ls
¼l½ jkepfjrekul ds vj.; dk.M ls ¼n½ jkepfjrekul ds yadk dk.M ls ¼v½
(ii) jke dks okil ykus ds fy, Hkjr dgk¡ x, Fks&
¼v½ yadk ¼c½ fdf’dU/kk ¼l½ fp=dwV ¼n½ tudiqj ¼l½
(iii) *dgc eksj eqfuukFk fuckgk* iafDr esa *eqfuukFk* 'kCn ç;qDr gqvk gS &
¼v½ eqfu of'k"B ds fy, ¼c½ fo'okfe= ds fy,
¼l½ ij'kqjke ds fy, ¼n½ jke ds fy, ¼v½
(iv) *eSa tkuÅ fut ukFk lqHkkÅ* iafDr esa *fut ukFk* 'kCn ç;qDr gqvk gS&
¼v½ eqfu of'k"B ¼c½ y{e.k ¼l½ jke ¼n½lhrk ¼l½
(v) *Hkjr&jke dk çse* dkO;ka'k esa ç;qDr NUn gS&
¼v½ xhfrdk ¼c½ loS;k ¼l½ dfork ¼n½ nksgk&pkSikbZ ¼n½
(vi) *Hkjr& jke dk çse* dkO;ka'k esa fdldh euksn'kk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
¼v½ jke ¼c½ y{e.k ¼l½ of'k"B ¼n½ Hkjr ¼n½
(vii) *in* rqylh dh dkSulh jpuk ls fy, x, gSa&
¼v½ dforkoyh ¼c½ nksgkoyh ¼l½ xhrkoyh ¼n½ jkepfjrekul ¼l½
(viii) jke fo;ksx esa ekrk dkS'kY;k fdls vius ân; ls yxkrh gS&
¼v½ /kuqfg;k¡ ¼c½ iufg;k¡ ¼l½ ckft ¼n½ ckt ¼c½
(ix) *tuuh fuj[kfr cku /kuqfg;k¡*a iafDr esa *tuuh* 'kCn ç;qDr gqvk gS
 Page:20
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¼v½ ekrk dkS'kY;k ds fy, ¼c½ ekrk lqfe=k ds fy,

¼l½ ekrk dsdS;h ds fy, ¼n½ mi;qZDr rhuksa ds fy, ¼v½
(x) dfo us ekrk dkS'kY;k ds nq%[k dh rqyuk fdlls dh gS\
¼v½ Hkjr ls ¼c½ jktk n'kjFk ls ¼l½ fo;ksxh eksjuh ls ¼n½ ifFkd ls ¼l½
(xi) ekrk dkS'kY;k fdlds cgkus jke dks cqykuk pkg jgh gS\
¼v½ Hkjr ds cgkus ¼c½ n'kZu ds cgkus ¼l½ ?kksM+ksa ds cgkus ¼n½ ifFkd ds cgkus ¼l½
(xii) *, cj ckft fcyksfd vkius cgqjks cufg fl/kkokS* iafDr esa *ckft* 'kCn ç;qDr gqvk gS&
¼v½ jFk ¼c½ ifFkd ¼l½ dey ¼n½ ?kksM+s ¼n½
(xiii) *jfg pfd fp= fy[kh&lh* iafDr esa ç;qDr vyadkj gS&
¼v½ :id ¼c½ mRçs{kk ¼l½ vuqçkl ¼n½ miek ¼n½
y?kq Ù kjkRed i nh?kZ m ÙkjkRed ç'u%&
(xiv) *Hkjr&jke dk çse* dfork esa rqylh us jke dh fdu fo'ks"krkvksa dh vksj ladsr fd;k gSA
mÙkj& Hkjr dgus yxs fd eSa vius çHkq Jhjke ds LoHkko ds ckjs esa vPNh rjg tkurk gw¡A os vijk/kh ij Hkh Øks/k ugha djrs
gSa] os n;kyq ,oa lcls Lusg j[krs gSaA eq> ij mudh fo'ks"k d`ik gSA [ksy esa Hkh os dHkh vçlUu ugha gksrsA mUgksus
dHkh cpiu esa Hkh esjk vfgr ugha fd;kA os vius ifjokjtuksa ds çfr vikj Lusg j[krs gSa
(xv) *egha ldy vujFk dj ewyk]* iafDr ds vk/kkj ij Hkjr dh euksn'kk dk o.kZu dhft,A
mÙkj & Hkjr leLr vuFkksaZ dh tM+ vius dks ekurs gSAa os dgrs gSa fd iq=&eksg ds dkj.k ekrk dSds;h }kjk jke dks ouokl
nsuk] jktk n'kjFk dk vlkef;d fu/ku ;s lc vuFkZ muds dkj.k ls gh gq,A vkReXykfu ds lkFk Hkjr dgrs gSa fd
Jhjke rks vijkf/k;ksa ij Hkh Øks/k ugha djrsA vFkkZr os eq>s {kek dj nsx
a s vkSj esjk eu j[kus ds fy, okil ykSV vk;saxsA
(xvi) Hkjr dk vkRe & ifjrki muds pfj= ds fdl mTToy i{k dh vksj ladrs djrk gS\
mÙkj& Hkjr dk vkRe&ifjrki bl ckr dk ?kksrd gS fd os lk/kq LoHkko ds gSa vkSj jke ds çfr vxk/k Lusg j[krs gSaA mudh
ekrk dSds;h us tks dqN fd;k mlesa mudh dksbZ lgHkkfxrk ugha gS vkSj jke dks ouxeu esa tks Hkh d"V mBkus iM+
jgs gSa mlds fy, os Lo;a dks nks"kh eku jgs gSaA
(xvii) jke ds ouxeu i'pkr ek¡ dkS'kY;k dh eu%fLFkfr dk o.kZu rqylh ds inksa ds vk/kkj ij dhft,A

mÙkj & jke ds ouxeu ds ckn ekrk dkS'kY;k muds }kjk ç;qDr /kuq"k&ck.k] mudh twfr;k¡ ns[kdj okRlY; fo;ksx dk vuqHko
djrh gS vkSj jke dk Lej.k djrh gqbZ mudh ;knksa esa [kks tkrh gSA mudk ouxeu Hkwy tkrh gS vkSj lqcg muds
d{k esa tkdj mUgs txkrh gSA vpkud jke dk ouxeu ;kn vkrk gS rks os tM+or gks tkrh gSA
(xviii) xhrkoyh ls ladfyr in *jk?kkS ,d ckj fQfj vkokS* esa fufgr d#.kk vkSj lans'k dks vius 'kCnksa esa Li"V dhft,A

mÙkj& *jk/kkS ,d ckj fQfj vkokS* in ls ;g O;Dr gksrk gS fd ekrk dkS'kY;k jke ds fo;ksx esa vR;Ur O;kdqy gSA og ;g
dgrh gS fd rqEgkjs fç; ?kksMs+ rqEgkjs pys tkus ls nq[kh gS] ,d ckj mUgs vius n'kZu ns nks] ij okLrfodrk ;g gS fd
 Page:21
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?kksMksa ds cgkus og Lo;a jke dks ns[kus ds fy, O;kdqy gSA bl in esa jke dk i'kq çse] muds ân; dh d#.kk ds
lkFk&lkFk ekrk dkS'kY;k dk okRlY; Hkko Hkh O;Dr gqvk gSA
(xix) fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dk dkO; lkSan;Z Li"V dhft,A
Hkjr lkSxquh lkj djr gSa vfr fç; tkfu frgkjsA
rnfi fnufga fnu gksr >k¡ojs eugq¡ dey fgeekjsA
mÙkj& (1) Hkkoi{k&
ekrk dkS'kY;k ifFkd ds ek/;e ls jke dks ou esa lUns'k Hkstrh gqbZ dgrh gSa fd rqeus çse ls ftu
?kksMk+ as dks ikyk&ikslk gS os rqEgs ns[kus ds fy, O;kdqy gSAa ;|fi Hkjr mudh iwjh ns[kHkky djrs gSa ijUrq os fnu&fnu mlh
çdkj nqcZy gksrs tk jgs gSa ftl çdkj ikyk iM+us ls dey eqj>krk tkrk gSA
(2) dyki{k%&

cztHkk"kk dk lqUnj ç;ksx gqvk gSA rqdkUr NUn ds lkFk&lkFk bl iafDr esa fcEc fo/kku dh {kerk
Hkh gSA *lkSxquh lkj* *fnufg fnu* esa vuqçkl o *eugq¡ dey fgeekjs* esa mRçs{kk vyadkj gSA
(xx) rqylhnkl dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fyf[k,A
mÙkj& rqylhnkl dk tUe lu~ 1532 esa gqvkA rqylh yksdeaxy dh lk/kuk ds dfo gSA mUgsa leUo; dk dfo Hkh dgk tkrk
gSA muds dkO; esa fo'o cks/k vkSj vkRecks/k dk vf}rh; leUo; gqvk gSA muds lkfgR; esa ekuo&ç—fr vkSj
tho&txr lEca/kh xgjh vUrj–f"V vkSj O;kid thoukuqHko ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA vo/kh vkSj cztHkk"kk esa mUgksus
ys[ku fd;k gSA rqylh dh jpukvksa esa Hkko] fopkj] dkO;:i] Nan&foospu vkSj Hkk"kk dh fofo/krk feyrh gSA rqylh
lgh vFkksaZ esa yksddfo gSaA
çeq [ k dkO; —fr;k¡% &
jkepfjr ekul fou; if=dk] xhrkoyh] dforkoyh] nksgkoyh] Jh—".k xhrkoyh] jkeyyk ugNw] cjoS
jkek;.k] tkudh eaxy ikoZrh eaxy] oSjkX; lanhiuh] jkekKk ç'ukoyhA
7. efyd eq gEen tk;lh & ¼ckjgeklk½
oLrq fu"B ç'u%&
(i) çsek[;ku ijaijk dk loZJs"B dkO; gS&
¼v½ v[kjkoV ¼c½ in~ekor ¼l½ vkf[kjh dyke ¼n½ mi;qZDr rhuksa ¼c½
(ii) tk;lh HkfDrdky dh fdl 'kk[kk ds loZJ"s B dfo gSa&
¼v½ KkuekxhZ 'kk[kk ¼c½ çseekxhZ “kk[kk ¼l½ —".k ekxhZ 'kk[kk ¼n½ jkeekxhZ 'kk[kk ¼c½
(iii) *ckjgeklk* dkO;kax dh dkO;'kSyh gS%&
¼v½ fp=kRed 'kSyh ¼c½ fcEckRed 'kSyh ¼l½ nkSgk&pkSikbZ 'kSyh ¼n½ çrhdkRed 'kSyh ¼l½
 Page:22
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(iv) tk;lh us *ckjgeklk* dkO;[k.M esa fdl Hkk"kk dks viuk;k gS\
¼v½ cztHkk"kk ¼c½ eSfFkyh Hkk"kk ¼l½ vo/kh Hkk"kk ¼4½ Hkkstiqjh ¼l½
(v) *vxgu nsol ?kVk fufl ck<h* iafDr esa *vxgu* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\
¼v½ dkfrZd ekl ¼c½ iks"k ekl ¼l½ QkYxqu ekl ¼n½ ekxZ'kh"kZ ekl ¼n½
(vi) *tkugq lst fgoapy cw<h* iafDr esa ç;qDr vyadkj gS&
¼v½ vU;ksfDr ¼c½ fojks/kkHkkl ¼l½ mRçs{kk ¼n½ miek ¼l½
(vii) *dsfgd flaxkj dks] ifgj iVksjk* iafDr esa *iVksjk* dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS&
¼v½ js'keh oL= ¼c½ lwrh oL= ¼l½ Åuh oL= ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼v½
(viii) *ckjgeklk* dkO;[k.M dk çeq[k jl gS&
¼v½ ohj jl ¼c½ la;ksx Ük`axkj jl
¼l½ jksnz jl ¼n½ foçyEHk Ük`axkj jl ¼n½
(ix) *ckjgeklk* dkO;ka'k esa fdldh fojg&O;Fkk dk o.kZu gS&
¼v½ in~ekorh ¼c½ jRulsu ¼l½ ukxerh ¼n½ d.kZorh ¼l½
(x) Qkxqu ds eghus esa tksM+h cukdj lf[k;k¡ dkSulk [ksy [ksy jgh Fkh\
¼v½ ?kwej ¼c½ pdjh ¼l½ pjh ¼n½ pk¡pfj ¼n½
(xi) flagy ns'k dh jktdqekjh in~ekorh vkSj fprkSM+ ds jktk jRulsu dh çse dFkk vk/kkfjr xzUFk gS&
¼v½ v[kjkoV ¼c½ in~ekor ¼l½ vkf[kjh dyke ¼l½ buesa ls dksbZ ugha ¼c½
(xii) vxgu ekl esa fojfg.kh ukf;dk dh O;Fkk&dFkk dk fp=.k vius “kCnksa esa dhft,A
mÙkj& vxgu ds eghus esa B.M c<+ xbZ gS] ukxerh nqcZy gks xbZ gS vkSj fojg osnuk jkr dh rjg cM+h gks xbZ gSA fç;
ds fo;ksx esa jkrs dVrh ugha gSA ukxerh dk #i&lkSan;Z rks fç; vius lkFk ys x;k A ;fn og vc Hkh ykSV vkos
rks mldk :i jax Hkh okil vk tk;sx
a kA vius fç; ds ikl lUns'k fHktokrh gqbZ og dkS, vkSj HkkSja ls dgrh gS fd
rqe tkdj muls dg nsuk fd rqEgkjh iRuh rqEgkjs fojg dh vkx esa tydj ej xbZ vkSj mlds 'kjhj ls tks /kqvk¡
fudyk mlh ls ge dkys gks x,A
(xiii) ek?k eghus esa ukf;dk ds fojg dk fp=.k vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,A
mÙkj& ek?k eghus esa ikyk iM+us yx x;k gS ftlls fojfg.kh ukf;dk ds fy, fojg dk le; vkSj dfBu gks x;k gSA tkM+s
dh _rq esa tSls o"kkZ ¼ekoV½ gksrh gS oSls gh ukf;dk dh vk¡[kksa ls fxjus okys vk¡lq mlds 'kjhj ls yxrs gSa rks mls
rhj dh lh pqHku dk vglkl gksrk gSA fç;re ikl ugha gS] rks og u Ük`axkj djuk pkgrh vkSj u gh js'keh oL=
/kkj.k djuk pkgrhA fojg ds dkj.k ls og /kkxs dh Hkk¡fr iryh gks xbZ gS ftlls mlds xys esa gkj Hkh ugha fVdrkA
ukf;dk dgrh gS fd gs fç;re ;g fojg dh ihM+k mls tykdj ekj Mkyuk pkgrh gSA
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(xiv) QkYxqu ekl esa ukxerh dh gs fojg osnuk dk o.kZu dhft,A

mÙkj & Qkxqu ds eghus esa iou >dksjksa ds lkFk cgus yxk gS ftlls lnhZ vR;f/kd c< xbZ gSA ukf;dk dk 'kjhj ihys
iÙkksa dh Hkk¡fr ihyk iM+ x;k gSA leLr ouLifr çlUu gS ij ukf;dk fç;re ds fojg esa gksyh ds leku ty jgh
gSA lHkh yksx Qkx [ksy jgs gS ij ukf;dk dks fojg ds dkj.k dqN Hkh vPNk ugha yxrk A fojg dh vf/kdrk bruh
gS fd ukf;dk vius 'kjhj dh jk[k cu tkus ds ckn Hkh fç;re dk lkfu/; ikuk pkgrh gSA
(xv) dkO; lkSUn;Z Li"V dhft,A
fi; lkSa dgsgq l¡nl
s M+k] ,s Hk¡ojk ,ss dkxA
lks /kfu fcjgsa tfj eqbZ] rsfgd /kqvk¡ ge ykxAA
mÙkj& (1) Hkko lkSUn;Z &
fojfg.kh ukf;dk ukxerh HkkSj vkSj dkS, ds ek/;e ls vius fç;re dks lUns'k nsrh gS fd rqEgkjh iRuh fojg
dh vkx esa tydj ej xbZ gSA mlds tyus ds /kq,¡ ls gh HkkSjs vkSj dkS, dk 'kjhj dkyk gks x;k gSA
(2) f'kY; lkSan;Z &

nksgk NUn] vfr'k;ksfDr vkSj vuqçkl vyadkj gSA HkkSjs }kjk lUns'k Hkstus dh nwr&ijEijk foçyEHk Ük`axkj
jl vkSj vo/kh Hkk"kk dk lqUnj ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
(xvi) fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lçl¡x O;k[;k dhft,A
iwl tkM+ FkjFkj ru dk¡ikA lq#t tM+kbZ yad fnfl rkik AA
fcjg ckf< ;k nk#u lhÅA d¡afi d¡fi ejkSa ysfg gfj thÅAAA
dar dgk¡ gkSa ykxkSa fg;jsA iaFk vikj lw> ufga fu;jsAA
lkSj lqisrh vkoS twM+hA tkugq¡ lst fgoapy cw<hAA
pdbZ fufl fcNqM+s fnu feykA gkSa fufl cklj fcjg dksfdykAA
jSfu vdsfy lkFk ufga l[khA dSlsa ftvkSa fcNksgh i¡[khAA
fcjg lpku Hk¡oS ru pk¡M+kA th;r [kkb eq,¡ ufga Nk¡M+k AA
jdr <jk ek¡lw xjk] gkM+ Hk, lc la[kA
/kfu lkjl gksbZ jfj eqbZ] vkb lesVgq ia[kAA
mÙkj& lanHkZ & çLrqr dkO;kax gekjh ikB~;iqLrd vUrjk Hkkx &2 esa efyd eqgEen tk;lh }kjk jfpr *in~ekor*
ds *ckjgeklk* [k.M ls fy;k x;k gSA
çlax& tk;lh us bl i|ka'k esa iks"k eghus dh c<+rh gqbZ lnhZ ls çHkkfor ukxerh dh fojg osnuk dk o.kZu fd;k gSA
O;k[;k& fojfg.kh ukxefr dgrh gS fd iwl ds eghus esa 'khr dh vf/kdrk ds dkj.k 'kjhj Fkj&Fkj dk¡i jgk gSA
lnhZ dh vf/kdrk ls Mjdj lw;Z Hkh yadk dh fn'kk esa tkdj rius yxk gSA fojg dh ck< vk xbZ gS vkSj 'khr
vR;f/kd dfBu gks x;k gSA lnhZ ls dk¡i&dk¡i dj eSa ejh tk jgh gw¡A ukxerh dgrh gS fd gs fç;re! rqe dgk¡
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gks] vkdj esjs lhus ls yx tkvksaA fç; rd igqp

a us dk jkLrk cgqr yack gS vkSj os dgha vkl&ikl fn[kkbZ gh ugha
nsrsA jtkbZ vks<us ij Hkh tkM+k yxrk gS vkSj ,sls yxrk gS tSls lst cQZ ls <dh gqbZ gksA esjh fLFkfr rks ml pdbZ
ls Hkh cnrj gks xbZ gS tks jkr esa vius fç;re ls fcNqM+us ds ckn fnu esa fey ysrh gS fdUrq eSa rks jkr&fnu dks;y
dh Hkk¡fr fojg esa fi;&fi; dwdrh jgrh gw¡A jkr esa Hkh lf[k;ksa ds vHkko esa vdsyh jgrh gq¡A foNqMs+ gq, iaNh dh
Hkk¡fr eSa dSls thfor jg ldrh gwA¡ fojg rks ckt i{kh] cuk gqvk gS tks thrs th eq>s [kk, tk jgk gS vkSj ejus ds ckn
Hkh ugha NksM+sxkA
vUr esa ukxerh dgrh gS fd fojg ds dkj.k esjs 'kjhj dk jDr cg x;k gS] ek¡l xy x;k gS vkSj gfM~M;k¡
lw[kdj 'ka[k ds leku gks xbZ gSA ;g fojfg.kh lkjl dh Hkk¡fr ph[k iqdkj djds ej xbZ gSA vc rks fç;re vkdj
blds ia[kksa vFkkZr~ vo'ks"kksa dks gh lesVsxkA
fo'ks " k&
(1) Hkk"kk vo/kh] nkSgk& pkSikbZ NUn rFkk foçyEHk Ük`axkj jl dk ç;ksx gqvk gSA

(2) *lnhZ ls cpus ds fy, lw;Z nf{k.k fn'kk esa pyk x;k* dgdj lnhZ dh vf/kdrk crkbZ gSA

(3) ukxefr ds fojg dk ekfeZd fpU=.k gSA

(4) *fojg lpku*] *fojg dksfdyk* esa :id vyadkj vkSj */kfu lkjl gksbZ jfj eqbZ* esa miek vyadkj gSA

(5) *lq#t tM+kbZ yad fnfl rkik* esa mRçs{kk] vfUre iafDr;ksa esa vfr'k;ksfDr o vusd txg vuqçkl vyadkj æ"VO; gSA

(xvii) efyd eqgEen tk;lh dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fyf[k,A

mÙkj& tk;lh dk tUe lu~ 1492 esa vesBh ¼m-ç-½ ds fudV tk;l uked txg ij gqvkA tk;lh lwQh çsxekxhZ 'kk[kk
ds loZJBs dfo ekus tkrs gSa vkSj mudk *in~ekor* çsek[;ku ijEijk dk loZJ"s B çca/kdkO; gSA Qkjlh dh
eluoh 'kSyh esa jfpr bl dkO; jpuk ds fy, nksgk&pkSikbZ 'kSyh viukbZ gSA Hkk"kk mudh BsB vo/kh vkSj dkO;&'kSyh
vR;ar çkS< vkSj xaHkhj gSA *in~ekor* gh tk;lh dh [;kfr dk ize[q k vk/kkj gS muds vU; xzUFk gS& v[kjkoV vkSj vkf[kjh
dykeA
8. fo|kifr & ¼in½
oLrq fu"B ç'u%&
(i) fo|kifr ds in fdl Hkk"kk esa jfpr gS&
¼v½ czt ¼c½ eSfFkyh ¼l½ vo/kh ¼n½ [kM+h cksyh ¼c½
(ii) *xksdqy rft e/kqiqj cl js* iafDr esa Jhd`’.k xksdqy NksM+dj dgk¡ cl x;s gS\
¼v½ eFkqjk ¼c½ vkxjk ¼l½ }kjdk ¼n½ o`nkou ¼v½
(iii) dfo us ukf;dk ds fç;re dh fdl eghus esa vkus dh laHkkouk O;Dr dh gS\
¼v½ ekxZ'kh"kZ ¼c½ lkou ¼l½ Hkknzin ¼n½ dkfrZd ¼n½
(iv) Þdqlqfer dkuu gsfj deyeqf[k eqfn jg, nq u;kuÞ iafDr ds vk/kkj ij ukf;dk vius us= cUn dj ysrh gS&
 Page:25
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¼v½ uk;d dks ns[kdj ¼c½ HkkSjks dks ns[kdj ¼l½

¼l½ ou çns'k ds Qwyksa dks ns[kdj ¼n½ dks;y dks ns[kdj
(v) dks;y vkSj HkkSjksa dh vkokt lqudj ukf;dk dh çfrfØ;k gqbZ&
¼v½ gkFkksa ls dku cUn dj fy;s ¼c½ vk¡[ks cUn dj yh
¼l½ fç;re ls feyus pyh xbZ ¼n½ og vR;Ur nq%[kh gqbZ ¼v½
(vi) fojg esa jk/kk dk 'kjhj fdlds leku {kh.k gksrk tk jgk gS\
¼v½ }kn'kh ds pUæek ds leku ¼c½ =;ksn'kh ds pUæek ds leku
¼l½ prqnZ'kh ds pUæek ds lEeku ¼n½ buesa ls dksbZ ugha ¼l½
(vii) jkuh ykf[kek nsoh ij eqqX/k gksdj je.k dj jgsa gSa&
¼v½ jktk jRuflag ¼c½ jktk ekuflag ¼l½ jktk t;flag ¼n½ jktk f'koflag ¼n½
(viii) fo|kifr fdl jktk ds vfHkUu fe=] jktdfo vkSj lykgdkj Fks\
¼v½ fefFkyk ujs'k jktk tud ¼c½ fefFkyk ujs'kjktk f'koflag
¼l½ cw¡nh ujs'k N=lky ¼n½ cw¡nh ujs'k cq/kflag ¼c½
(ix) Þ/kjuh /kfj /kfu dr csjh cblb] iqfu rfg mBb u ikjkÞ iafDr esa ç;qDr vyadkj gS&
¼v½ vuqçkl ¼c½ vfr';ksfDr ¼l½ mi;qZDr nksuksa ¼n½ buesa ls dksbZ ugha ¼l½
(x) Þrksgj fcjg fnu Nu&Nu ruq fNu&pkSnfl&pk¡n leku mi;qZDr iafDr esa vyadkj gS&
¼v½ iqu:fDrçdk'k ¼c½ miek ¼l½ vuqçkl ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼n½
(xi) vkfndky vkSj HkfDrdky ds laf/kdfo ekus tkrs gS&
¼v½ rqylhnkl ¼c½ fo|kifr ¼l½ tk;lh ¼n½ /kukuUn ¼c½
y?kq r jkRed o nh?kZ m ÙkjkRed ç'u%&
(xii) fç;rek ds nq%[k ds D;k dkj.k gS\
mÙkj & fç;rek blfy, nq[kh gS D;ksafd mlds fç;re ikl ugha gSA lkou ds eghus dks uk;d ds fcuk dkV ikuk mlds
fy, dfBu gks jgk gSA fç;re ds fcuk ,dkdh Hkou mls dkVus dks nkSMr+ k gSA uk;d fojfg.kh ukf;dk dk eu
vius lkFk gj.k djds ys x,A og l[kh ls dgrh gS fd esjs nq[k dh esjh ihM+k dks Hkyk nwljk dSls tku ldrk]
bls rks ogh tku ldrk gS ftlus fojg dk nq%[k >syk gksA bl çdkj fç;rek ds nq%[k dk ewy dkj.k gS fç;re
dk ijns'k xeu ftlls mls fojg dk nq%[k >syuk iM+kA
(xiii) *tue vof/k ge :i fugkjy u;u u frjfir Hksy* mDr iafDr ds vk/kkj ij fo|kifr dh ukf;dk dh euksn'kk dk
o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,A
mÙkj& uk;d dks lnSo ns[krs jgus ds ckn Hkh fojfg.kh ukf;dk ds us= r`Ir ugha gksrAs og ges'kk mls gh ns[krs jguk pkgrh
gSA l[kh us tc ukf;dk ls çse ds vuqHko ds ckjs esa iwNk rks ukf;dk us dgk fd çse esa lnk vr`fIr jgrh gSA ;g
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vr`fIr gh çse dh igpku gSA ukf;dk ds eu esa uk;d ds :i n'kZu dh ykylk gSA dfo bl iafDr ds ek/;e ls
;gh O;Dr djuk pkgrk gSA
(xiv) *lsg fifjfr vuqjkx c[kkfuv fry fry uwru gks,A* iafDr ls ys[kd dk D;k vk'k; gS\
mÙkj& ukf;dk vius fç;re ds çse dk tc&tc o.kZu djrh gS rc&rc mlesa uohurk vkSj rktxh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA dfo
ds vuqlkj ogh çse vkSj vuqjkx o.kZu djus ;ksX; gS ftlesa {k.k&{k.k uohurk dk vuqHko gksA çse dh ,d fo'ks"krk
gS] fur uohurkA blh çdkj ftl çhfr esa dHkh iqjkukiu u vk;s] tks lnSo u;h&u;h lh yxs] ogh çhfr c[kkuus
;ksX; gSA
fucU/kkRed ç'u%&
(xv) fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft,A
dqlqfer dkuu gsfj deyeqf[k]
ewfn jg, nq u;kuA
dksfdy&dyjo] e/kqdj&/kqfu lqfu]
dj nsbZ >k¡ib dkuAA
ek/ko] lqu&lqu cpu gekjkA
rqv xqu lqna fj vfr Hksy nwcfj&
xqfu&xqfu çse rksgkjkAA
/kjuh /kfj /kfu dr csfj cblb]
iqfu rfg mBb u ikjkA
dkrj fnfB dfj] pkSfnl gsfj&gfj
u;u xj, ty&/kkjk AA
rksgj fcjg fnu Nu&Nu ruq fNu&
pkSnfl & pk¡n lekuA
HkubZ fo|kifr flcflag uj&ifr
ykf[keknsb&jekuAA
mÙkj& lanHkZ& çLrqr i|ka'k gekjh ikB;iqLrd vUrjk Hkkx&2 esa fo|kifr }kjk jfpr *in* ls fy;k x;k gSA
çla x & fojfg.kh ukf;dk dh fojg n'kk ds ckjs esa crkrh gqbZ dksbZ l[kh Jh—".k ls dgrh gS fd og vR;Ur nqcZy
gks xbZ gS vkSj /kjrh ij cSB tk;s rks iqu% mB Hkh ugha ikrh gSA
O;k[;k& nwrh us tkdj Jh—".k ls dgk & gs —".k ! rqEgkjs fojg esa jk/kk vR;Ur O;kdqy gks jgh gSA og dey
eq[kh tc ou çns'k ds Qwyksa dks ns[krh gS rks nksuks us= cUn dj ysrh gS vkSj tc dks;y dh e/kqj dwd vkSj HkkSjksa
dk xqatkj lqurh gS rks nksuksa gkFkksa ls vius dku cUn dj ysrh gSA rqEgkjs xq.kksa vkSj çse ds ckjs esa lksp&lkspdj og
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lqUnjh vR;Ur nqcZy gks xbZ gSA og ukf;dk /kjrh dks idM+&idM+dj fdruh gh ckj cSB tkrh gS vkSj iqu% mB Hkh
ugha ikrhA og dkrj –f"V ls pkjksa fn'kkvksa esa ns[krh jgrh gS vkSj vk¡[kksa ls vk¡lqvksa dh /kkjk cgrh jgrh gSA rqEgkjs
fojg esa mldk 'kjhj mlh çdkj {kh.k gksrk tk jgk gS ftl çdkj prqnZ'kh dk pk¡n {kh.k gksrk gSA dfo fo|kifr
dgrs gSa fd jktk f'koflag viuh iRuh yf[keknsoh ds lkFk je.k djrs gSaA
fo'ks"k & (1) bl in esa dkseydkUr inkoyh ;qDr eSfFkyh Hkk"kk dk ç;ksx gqvk gSA
(2) fojg dh rhozrk dk ekfeZd o.kZu gSA

(3) *deyeqf[k] pkSnfl pk¡n leku* esa miek vyadkj] */kjuh /kfj -------------- mBb u ikjk* esa vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj gSA

(4) vusd txg iqu#fDr çdk'k o vuqçkl vyadkjksa dk ç;ksx n`"VO; gSA

(5) xs; NUn] fo;ksx Ük`axkj jl o ek/kq;Z xq.k dk ç;ksx gqvk gSA

(xvi) fo|kifr dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; nhft,A

mÙkj& fo|kifr dk tUe lu~ 1380 bZ- esa gqvkA os HkfDr vkSj Ük`axkj ds dfo gSaA muds dkO; esa çse vkSj lkSna ;Z dh tSlh
vuqHkwfr gqbZ gS oSlh vU;Ur nqyZHk gSA fo|kifr dk laL—r] vogê ¼viHkza'k½ rFkk eSfFkyh ij iwjk vf/kdkj FkkA mUgsa
eSfFky dksfdy vkSj vfHku; t;nso dgk tkrk gSA ykSfdd çse ds fofHkUu :iksa dk fp=.k Lrqfr&inksa esa fofHkUu nsoh
nsorkvksa dk fp=.k] ç—fr dh euksgj Nfo] vkSj u[k&f'k[k o.kZu muds dkO; ds eq[; fo"k; gSA fefFkyk {ks= ds yksd
O;ogkj esa muds in brus jp&cl x;s gSa fd inksa dh iafDr;k¡ cu xbZ gSA os vkfndky vkSj HkfDrdky ds laf/k dfo
dgs tkrs gSaA
mudh eq[; dkO; —fr;k¡ gS&
a dhfrZyrk] dhfrZirkdk ¼vogê esa jfpr½] inkoyh ¼eSfFkyh esa jfpr½] iq#"k ijh{kk]
ifjØek] fy[kukoyhA
9. ?kukuUn ¼dfor½
oLrqfu"B ç'u
(i) jhfrdky dh jhfreqDr dkO;/kkjk ds izfrfuf/k dfo ekus tkrs gSa&
¼v½ ?kukuUn ¼c½ fo|kifr ¼l½ rqylhnkl ¼n½ tk;lh ¼v½
(ii) ?kukuUn fnYyh ds fdl ckn'kkg ds ehj eqa'kh Fks \
¼v½ vkSjaxtsc ¼c½ tgk¡xhj ¼l½ eqgEen 'kkg ¼n½ 'kkgtgk¡ ¼l½
(iii) ?kukuUn dh çsfedk Fkh &
¼v½ ejo.k ¼c½ e`xkorh ¼l½ lqtku ¼n½ e/kqekyrh ¼l½
(iv) o`ankou tkus ds ckn ?kukuUn fdl lEçnk; esa nhf{kr gq,&
¼v½ Jh lEçnk; ¼c½ oYyHk lEçnk; ¼l½ czã lEçnk; ¼n½ fuackdZ lEçnk; ¼n½
(v) dfo ?kukuUn ds çk.k fdlesa vVds gq, gSa\
¼v½ ckn'kkg ds n'kZu ds fy, ¼c½ lqtku ds n'kZu ds fy,
¼l½ bZ'oj ds n'kZu ds fy, ¼n½ buesa ls dksbZ ugha ¼c½
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(vi) Þvc uk f?kjr ?ku vkuUn funku dksÞ js[kkafdr in esa vyadkj gS&
¼v½ ;ed ¼c½ “ys"k ¼l½ vU;ksfDr ¼n½ lUnsg ¼c½
(vii) *vkukdkuh vkjlh fugkfjcks djkSxs dkSykSAa * js[kkafdr in dk çrhdkFkZ gS&
¼v½ lhlk ¼c½ niZ.k
¼l½ vkylh ¼n½ vaxwBs esa iguk tkus okyk 'kh'kk tM+k vkHkw"k.k ¼n½
(viii) ÞdqdHkjh ewdrk cqyk; vki cksfygSAÞ iafDr esa vyadkj gS&
¼v½ ekuohdj.k ¼c½ lUnsg ¼l½ fojks/kkHkkl ¼n½ Hkzkafreku ¼l½
(ix) *çse dh ihj* ds dfo ekus tkrs gSa&
¼v½ ?kukuUn ¼c½ tk;lh ¼l½ fo|kifr ¼n½ fujkyk ¼v½
y?kq Ù kjkRed o nh?kZ m ÙkjkRed ç”ku
(x) dfo ekSu gksdj çsfedk ds dkSuls ç.k ikyu dks ns[kuk pkgrs gSa\
mÙkj& dfo ekSu gksdj çsfedk ds mis{kk ds ç.k dks ns[kuk pkgrs gSaA çsfedk 'kh'kk ;k v¡xBw h ds uxhus dks ns[kdj fç;re
dh rjQ ns[kuk gh ugha pkgrhA og dkuksa esa :bZ Mkydj uk;d dh mis{kk dj jgh gSA dfo ;g ns[kuk pkgrs gSa
fd bl rjg dk cgkuk cukdj dc rd mldh mis{kk djrh gSA
(xi) *?kukuUn fo;ksx ds dfo gSaA* ifBr inksa ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft,A
mÙkj& dfo ?kukuUn lwtku ls çse djrs Fks ijUrq lqtku us muls csoQkbZ dh ftl dkj.k ls mudk ân; fo;ksx osnuk ls
vksr&çksr gks x;kA blfy, mldh ;knksa esa lqtku pfjr dkO; dh jpuk dh budh jpukvksa dk vk/kkj lqtku gSA
vr% mUgs fo;ksx osnuk dk dfo ekuk tkrk gSA budh dfork esa fç; dh fu’Bqjrk dk] viuh O;kdqyrk dk] fç; ds
n'kZu dh ykylk dk o fç; ds lkSUn;Z dk ekfeZd fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA
fucU/kkRed ç'u
(xii) fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,&
cgqr fnuku dks vof/k vklikl ijs]
[kjs vjcjfu Hkjs gSa mfB tku dksA
dfg dfg vkou Nchys euHkkou dks
xfg xfg jk[kfr gh nS nS lueku dksA
>wBh cfr;kfu dh iR;kfu rsa mnkl g~oS dS]
vc uk f?kjr ?ku vkuan funku dksA
v/kj yxs gSa vkfu dfj ds i;ku çku]
pkgr pyu ;s l¡nl
s ks yS lqtku dksAA
mÙkj &lanHkZ & ;g i|ka'k gekjh ikB; iqLrd vUrjk Hkkx&2 esa ?kukuan }kjk jfpr *dfor* 'kh"kZd ls fy;k x;k gSA
çlax & blesa dfo us viuh çsfedk lqtku ds n'kZu dh ykylk çdV djrs gq, dgk gS fd lqtku ds n'kZu ds
 Page:29
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
fy, gh ;s çk.k vc rd vVds gq, gSA
O;k[;k& dfo ?kukuUn lqtku dks y{; dj dgrs gSa fd vc rks cgqr fnu gks x, gSa esjs çk.k vkids n'kZu dh
ykylk esa gh vVds gq, gSAa vU;Fkk dc ds 'kjhj NksM+dj fudy x;s gksrAs vkids vkus dh vof/k chr xbZ ij ;s
fujUrj vkidk bUrtkj djrs jgrs gSaA tSls gh vkids vkus dh vof/k ikl vkrh gS esjs ;s çk.k vkids n'kZu dh ykylk
ls NViVkus yxrs gSa vkSj budh O;kdqyrk c<+ tkrh gSA NSy Nchyh fç;k lqtku ls dbZ ckj vkus dks dgk ij og
ugha vk;hA dfo dgrs gSa fd gs euHkkou lqtku vc vkdj rks esjs lEeku dks cpk yksA eSa rqEgkjh >wBh vkSj fo'okl
u djus ;ksX; ckrksa ij fo'okl djds mnkl gw¡A vc rks ?kuk vkuUn nsus okys ckny Hkh ugha f?kjrs ftlls eq>s r`fIr
fey ldsA vc fLFkfr ;g gks xbZ gS fd esjs çk.k ç;k.k djus ds fy, v/kjksa rd vkus yxs gSaA esjs çk.k lqtku dk
lUns'k ysdj tkuk pkgrs gS] blh vk'kk esa ls vVds gq, gSa ugha rks dHkh ds fudy x, gksrs A
fo'ks"k%&(1) ljl vkSj Hkkoiw.kZ cztHkk"kk dk ç;ksx gqvk gSA
(2) fç;re ds n'kZu dh ykylk o fu'Ny çse dh vfHkO;fä gqbZ gSA

(3) *?ku vkuan* esa 'ys"k vyadkj] *dfg dfg*] *xfg xfg*] *nS nS* vkfn esa iqu#fDr çdk'k vyadkj gSA

(4) *vof/k vklikl*] *i;ku çku* *pkgr pyu* vkfn esa vuqçkl vyadkj nz"VO; gSA

(5) dfor NUn] fo;ksx Ük`x

a kj jl gSA
(xiii) dfo ?kukuUn dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fyf[k,A
mÙkj& ?kukuan dk tUe 1673 bZ- esa gqvkA os jhfrdky dh jhfreqDr dkO;/kkjk ds çfrfuf/k dfo FksA ?kukuan ewyr% çse dh
ihM+k ds dfo gSaA fo;ksx o.kZu esa mudk eu vkf/kd jek gSA mudh jpukvksa esa çse dk vR;Ur xaHkhj] fueZy]
vkosxe;] vkSj O;kdqy dj nsus okyk mnkÙk :i O;Dr gqvk gS blfy, mUgsa lk{kkr jlewfrZ dgk x;k gSA mudh
dfork esa yk{kf.kdrk] oØksfDr] okXfon~X/krk ds lkFk vyadkjksa dk dq”ky ç;ksx feyrk gSA ?kukuUn dh Hkk"kk ifj"—r vkSj
lkfgfR;d cztHkk"kk gSA oLrqr% os cztHkk"kk çoh.k gh ugha ltZukRed dkO;Hkk"kk ds ç.ksrk Hkh Fks
çeq[k dkO; jpuk,¡& lqtku lkxj] fojg yhyk] d`ikdaM fuca/k] jldsfy oYyh vkfn çeq[k gSaA

vUrjk Hkkx&2 ¼x| [k.M½

jkepanz “kqDy ¼izse/ku dh Nk;k Le`fr½
oLrqfu"B ç'u &
iz% 1 çse/ku dk iwjk uke D;k gS\ ¼v½
¼v½ cnjh ukjk;.k pkS/kjh ¼c½ oS|ukFk feJ
¼l½ Hkkjrsanq gfj'paæ ¼d½ bykpUæ tks'kh
iz% 2 Þ[kEHkk Vsfd [kM+h tSls ukfj eqxykus dhÞ ;g iafDr fdlus fdlds ckjs esa fy[kh\ ¼c½
¼v½ 'kqDy th esa pkS/kjh lkgc ds ckjs esa ¼c½ okeukpk;Z fxfj us pkS/kjh lkgc ds ckjs esa
 Page:30
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

¼l½ pkS/kjh lkgc us 'kqDy ds ckjs esa ¼n½ 'kqDy th us Hkkjrsanq th ds ckjs esa
iz% 3 jkepaæ 'kqDy ds firkth fdl çsl dh fdrkcsa ys[kd ls fNik dj j[krs Fks\
¼v½ xhrk çsl ¼c½ v'kksd çdk'ku ¼l½ Kku Hkkjrh çsl ¼n½ Hkkjr thou çsl ¼n½
iz% 4 *çse?ku dh Le`fr Nk;k* ikB esa *fetkZiqj* 'kCn dk D;k vFkZ fy;k x;k gS\
¼v½ ljLorh uxj ¼c½ ;equkuxj ¼l½ y{ehiqj ¼n½ vyhiqj ¼l½
iz% 5 leo;Ld fgUnh çsfe;ksa esa dkSuls ys[kd lfEefyr ugha Fks
¼v½ ia- y{ehukjk;.k pkScs ¼c½ cæhukFk xkSM+
¼l½ cæhukjk;.k pkS/kjh ¼n½ ia- mek'kadj f}osnh ¼l ½
iz% 6 cæhukjk;.k pkS/kjh *çse?ku* ds O;fäRo dh fo'ks"krk ugha gS&
¼v½ os [kkunkuh jbZl Fks ¼c½ os vius lEiw.kZ dk;Z Lo;a djrs Fks
¼l½ os dfo ân; ds lkFk cksyus esa oØ Fks ¼n½ os ukxjh Hkk"kk ds dVj leFkZd Fks ¼c½
iz% 7 *vjs! ! tc QwwV tkbZ rcS pyr vkog* dFku ls pkS/kjh lkgc dh fdl eukso`fr dk vkHkkl gksrk gSA
¼v½ os vkylh Fks ¼c½ os LokoyEch Fkss
¼l½ os jbZlh ç—fr ds Fks ¼n½ os ukSdjksa ij vkfJr ugha Fks ¼ l ½
iz% 8 fetkZiqj esa HkkjrsUnq gfj”kpUæ ds ije fe= dkSu jgrs Fks\
¼v½ cnjhukjk;.k pkS/kjh ¼c½ mek'kadj f}osnh
¼l½ y{eh ukjk;.k pkScs ¼n½ cæhukFk xkSM+ ¼v½
y?kq r jkRed iz ” u&¼40 “kCn½
iz% 1 *fuLlangs * 'kCn dks ysdj ys[kd us fdl çlax dk ftØ fd;k gS\
mÙkj& ys[kd viuh leo;Ld fe=&eaMyh esa fgUnh ds u,&iqjkus ys[kdksa dh ppkZ fd;k djrk FkkA bl ppkZ esa *fuLlangs *
bR;kfn 'kCn vk;k djrs Fks] tcfd ftl LFkku ij ys[kd jgrk Fkk] ogk¡ vf/kdrj odhy] eq[rkj rFkk dpgjh esa
dke djus okys vQlj vkSj veys jgrs FksA ;s yksx mnwZ dks rjght nsrs Fks vr% muds dkuksa dks ge yksxksa dh fgUnh
dqN vViVh vkSj vuks[kh yxrh FkhA blfy, mUgksaus ys[kd dh fe= eaMyh dk uke *fuLlansg yksx* j[k fy;k FkkA
iz% 2 jkepUnz 'kqDy ds fuca/k ds vk/kkj ij pkS/kjh çse/ku ds O;fDrRo ij çdk'k Mkfy,\
mÙkj& (i) pkS/kjh lkgc dk O;fDrRo çHkko'kkyh FkkA muds dkys yacs cky da/ks rd yVdrs jgrs FksA os xaHkhj eqæk esa Vgyrs
jgrs FksA tc oks Vgyk djrs Fks] rks ,d yM+dk iku dh r”rjh ysdj muds ihNs&ihNs pyrk jgrk FkkA
(ii) muds ?kj esa ges'kk lkfgR;dkjksa dh HkhM+ jgrh FkhA

(iii) os jbZlksa dk thou thrs FksA muds ;gk¡ mRloksa vkSj R;ksgkjksa ds ekSle esa [kwc ukpxku gqvk djrk FkkA

(iv) mudk ckr djus dk <ax fujkyk Fkk] muesa foy{k.k oØrk jgrh FkhA

(v) yksxksa dk etkd cukuk rFkk mu ij O;aX; djuk mudk 'kkSd FkkA
 Page:31
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
iz% 3 ys[kd us vius firkth dh fdu&fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k fd;k gS\
mÙkj&ys[kd jke pUæ “kqDy us vius firkth dh fuEu fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k fd;k &
1½ os Qkjlh ds vPNs Kkrk vkSj iqjkuh fgUnh dfork ds çseh Fks
2½ HkkjrsUnq th ds ukVd mUgsa cgqr fç; FksA bu ukVdks dks dHkh& dHkh lquk;k djrs FksA
3½ os jkr dks ?kj ds lc yksxksa dks bdëk dj mUgsa jke pfjr ekul vkSj jkepfUædk cM+s fprkd"kZd <ad ls i<+dj
lquk;k djrs FksA
iz% 4 cpiu esa ys[kd ds eu esa Hkkjrsanqth ds lEcU/k esa dSlh Hkkouk txh jgrh Fkh\
mÙkj&cpiu esa ys[kd jkepUæ 'kqDy ds eu esa Hkkjrsanq th ds lacU/k esa ,d viwoZ e/kqj Hkkouk txh jgrh FkhA mudh
cky&cqf) Hkkjrsna q gfj'pUæ vkSj lR;oknh gfj'kpaæ ukVd ds uk;d jktk gfj'pUæ esa dksbZ Hksn ugha dj ikrh
FkhA
iz% 5 ys[kd dk fgUnh lkfgR; ds çfr >qdko fdl rjg c<+rk x;k&
mÙkj&T;ks&
a T;ksa ys[kd l;kuk gksrk x;k fgUnh lkfgR; dh vksj mldk >qdko c<+rk x;kA mlds firkth lkfgR; ds
çseh FksA Hkkjr thou çs l dh fdrkcsa muds ;gk¡ vk;k djrh Fkh lkFk gh fetkZi q j esa dsnkjukFk ikBd us
,d iqLrdky; [kksyk Fkk tgk¡ ls fdrkcsa ykdj jkepUæ “kqDy i<+k djrs FksA vius leo;Ld fe=ksa& dk'khçlkn]
tk;loky] Hkxokunklth gkyuk] ia- cnjhukFk xkSM+] vkSj ia- mek'kadj f}osnh ds lkFk os fgUnh ds u;s&iqjkus
ys[kdksa dh ppkZ djrs jgrs FksA ifj.kker% fgUnh lkfgR; dh vksj mudk >qdko c<+rk x;kA
iz% 1 lçlax O;k[;k dhft,&
os yksxks dks çk; cuk;k djrs Fks] blls muls feyus okys yksx Hkh mUgsa cukus dh fQØ esa jgk djrs FksA fetkZiqj
esa iqjkuh ifjikVh ds ,d cgqr gh çfrHkk'kkyh dfo jgrs Fks] ftudk uke Fkk okeukpk;ZfxfjA ,d fnu os lM+d ij
pkS/kjh lkgc ds Åij ,d dfork tksM+rs pys tk jgs FksA vafre pj.k jg x;k Fkk fd pkS/kjh lkgc vius cjkens
esa da/kksa ij cky fNVdk, [kaHks ds lgkjs [kM+s fn[kkbZ iM+sA pV dfoÙk iwjk gks x;k vkSj okeuth us uhps ls og dfoÙk
yydkjk] ftldk vafre va'k Fkk& Þ[kaHkk Vsfd [kM+h tSls ukfj eqxykus dhAÞ
mÙkj& lanHkZ & çLrqr xa/kkjk ikBîiqLrd *varjk* ¼Hkkx&2½ esa ladfyr *çse/ku dh Nk;k&Le`fr^ ikB tks jkepUæ 'kqDy
}kjk jfpr laLej.kkRed fuca/k ls mn`/kr gSA
çlax & bl xa/kk”k esa ys[kd us çse/ku th ds O;fäRo ds fo"k; esa crk;k gSA
O;k[;k & ys[kd us çse/ku th ds fo"k; esa crk;k gS fd os yksxksa ls gkl&ifjgkl fd;k djrs Fks] vdlj yksx
muls feyus okys Hkh mudk etkd cukus dh blfy, rkd esa jgrs FksA fetkZiqj esa ,d iqjkuh ifjikVh ds çfrHkk'kkyh
dfo jgrs FksA ,d fnu os çse?ku ds Åij dfork cukrs gq, pys tk jgs FksA dfork dk vkf[kjh pj.k cuuk jg
x;k FkkA rHkh mUgsa cjkens esa pkS/kjh lkgc [kMs] fn[kkbZ fn,] ftuds da/kksa ij cky QSys gq, Fks fy, gq, [kM+s Fks vkSj
og ,d gkFk ls [kaHks dk lgkjk tSls dksbZ eqxy L=h [kM+h gksA bl rjg mUgksua s çse?ku ij O;aX;iw.kZ dfork jp dj
 Page:32
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
mudk etkd cuk;kA
fo'ks"k &(i) Hkk"kk çokgiw.kZ [kM+h cksyh fgUnh gSA
(ii) 'kSyh o.kZukRed gSA

(iii) rRle 'kCnksa dk p;u fd;k gSA

iz% 2 vkpk;Z jkepUæ 'kq Dy dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fyf[k,A
mÙkj&vkpk;Z jkepUæ 'kqDy mPpdksfV ds vkykspd]fuca/kdkj] lkfgR; fpard ,oa bfrgkl ys[kd ds :Ik esa tkus tkrs gSA
mUgksaus vius ekSfyd ys[ku] laiknu o vuqoknksa ls fgUnh lkfgR; esa i;kZIr o`f) dhA
Hkk"kk & vkpk;Z 'kqDy us laL—r rRle 'kCnkoyh ;qä rFkk eqgkojsnkj ifj"—r [kM+h cksyh fgUnh dk ç;ksx fd;k
gSA vko';drkuqlkj os viuh Hkk"kk esa vaxzsth vkSj fgUnh Qkjlh ds çpfyr 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx Hkh djrs gSA 'kSyh
& 'kqDyth dh x| 'kSyh foospukRed gS ftlesa fopkj ç/kkurk] lw{e rdZ ;kstuk] l–';rk] O;aX;&fouksn dk Hkh
;ksxnku gSA fo"k; ds vuqlkj os dHkh O;k[;kRed 'kSyh dk] dHkh vkykspukRed 'kSyh dk rks dHkh
gkL;&O;aX; ç/kku 'kSyh dk ç;ksx djrs gSaA
çeq [k jpuk,¡ & fpUrke.kh] jl&ehekalk ¼fucU/k½ fgUnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl] rqylhnkl lwjnkl f=os.kh
¼lekykspuk½] tk;lh xzUFkkoyh] Hkzejxhrlkj] fgUnh 'kCn lkxj] dk'khukxjh çpkfj.kh if=dk] vkuUn ,oa
dknfEcuh if=dk ¼lEiknu½ X;kjg o"kZ dk le; ¼dgkuh½] vfHkeU;q o/k] ¼cq)pfjr dkO; xzUFkA½

ikB&2
iafMr pUnz/ kj “kekZ xqysj h ¼lqfefjuh ds euds½
oLrq fu"B ç'u&
iz% 1 *ckyd cp x;k* fuca/k esa ç/kkuk/;kid ds cPps dh mez fdruh Fkh\
¼v½ lkr o"kZ ¼c½ vkB o"kZ ¼l½ ukS o"kZ ¼n½ ik¡p o"kZ ¼c½
iz% 2 *ckyd cp x;k* fuca/k esa cPps dks lcds lkeus fdl rjg ls fn[kk;k tk jgk Fkk\
¼v½ ,d ghjks dh rjg ¼c½ ,d usrk dh rjg
¼l½ ,d v/;kid dh rjg ¼n½ feLVj gknh ds dksYgw dh rjg ¼n½
iz% 3 *ckyd cp x;k* ?kM+h ds iqtsZ] <sys pqu yks 'kh"kZd jpuk,a lkfgR; dh fdl fo/kk ds vUrxZr vkrh gS\
¼v½ y?kq dFkk ¼[k½ y?kqfuca/k ¼l½ y?kq ukVd ¼n½ y?kq dgkuh ¼c½
iz% 4 fdl ys[kd dks *bfrgkl fnokdj* dh mikf/k ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gS\
¼v½ jkepaæ 'kqDy ¼c½ gtkjh çlkn f}osnh ¼l½ pkS/kjh çse/ku ¼n½ pUæ/kj 'kekZ xqyjs h ¼n½
iz% 5 *nqyZHk ca/kq* jpuk ds vuqlkj lPpk çseh dkSu lh isVh dks Nwrk gSA
¼v½ yksgs dh isVh ¼c½ lksus dh isVh
 Page:33
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
¼l½ rk¡cs dh isVh ¼n½ pk¡nh dh isVh ¼v½
iz% 6 *ckyd cp x;k* fucU/k dk ewy çfrik| D;k gS \
¼v½ f'k{kk xzg.k dh lgh mez ¼c½ O;fä ds fodkl gsrq f'k{kk nsuk
¼l½ euq"; vkSj euq";rk dks cpk, j[kuk ¼n½ mi;qqZDr lHkh ¼n ½
iz%7 ckyd us o``) egk'k;] ls buke esa D;k ek¡xk \
¼v½ iqLrd ¼c½ [ksy dk lkeku
¼l½ isu ¼n½ yìw ¼n ½
iz% 8 *?kM+h ds iqtsZ* ds vk/kkj ij /keZ dk mís'; D;k gSA
¼v½ ekuo ek= dk fgr djuk ¼c½ /keZ ij eqêhHkj yksxksa dk vf/kdkj gks
¼l½ /keZ dk jgL; tkus fcuk mldk ikyu djsa ¼n½ fo/kehZ dk fouk'k ¼v½
iz% 9 /keZ dk jgL; tkuus dk vf/kdkj fdldks gksuk pkfg,\
¼v½ /kekZpk;ksZa dks ¼c½ osn'kkL=Kksa dks
¼l½ vke vkneh dks ¼n½ /keZ mins'kdksa dks ¼l ½
y?kq ÙkjkRed ç'u ¼mÙkj lhek 40 'kCn½
iz% 1 *ckyd cp x;k* 'kh"kdZ y?kw fuca/k esa fufgr O;aX; dks Li"V djrs gq, crkb, dh ,slh f'k{kk i)fr ls dSls cpk
tk ldrk gSA
mÙkj& fuca/k esa ys[kd us vius thou ds vuqHko dks gekjs lkeus vR;ar O;kogkfjd :i esa j[kk gSA vkB o"kZ ds ckyd
dks f'k{kk ds uke ij dfBu ç'uksa dk mÙkj jVok;k tkrk gS] ftldk 'kk;n og vFkZ Hkh ugha tkurkA bl dkj.k
mldh LoHkkfod ço`fr dk guu gksrk gS mlds cukoVh iu c<+ tkrk gSA ys[kd us crkus dh dksf'k'k dh gSA fd
ges cPpksa ij yknuk ugha pkfg, cfYd mlds efLr"d esa f”k{kk ds izfr :ph iSnk djus okys xq.kksa dk fodkl djuk
pkfg,A
iz% 2 ys[kd us /keZ dk jgL; tkuus ds fy, *?kM+h ds iqtsZ dk* n`’VkUr D;ksa fn;k\
mÙkj&/keZ mins'kd vius dFku dks ?kM+h ds –"VkUr ls le>krs gS ?kM+h le; tkuus ds fy, gksrh gSA ;fn Lo;a ?kM+h
ns[kuk ugha vkrk rks fdlh tkudkj O;fä ls le; iwN yksA ?kM+h us og le; D;ksa crk;k] bl jgL; dks tkuus
ds fy, rqe ?kM+h ds iqtksZ dks [kksydj mUgsa fQj tekus dh ps"Vk er djksA ,slk djus ij rqEgsa fujk'kk gkFk yxsxhA
Bhd blh rjg /keZ ds ckjs esa tks crk;k tk jgk gS] mls pqi& pki lquyks] mlds ckjs esa rdZ&fordZ vkSj ç'u
er djksA /keZ dk jgL; iÙkk djuk mlh çdkj rqEgkjk dke ugha gS] tSls ?kM+h dks [kksydj mlds iqtsZ yxkuk
rqEgkjs o'k dh ckr ughaA blh dkj.k ys[kd us /keZ dk jgL; tkuus ds fy, ?kM+h ds iqtZs dk n`’VkUr fn;k gSA
iz% 3 Þ/keZ dk jgL; tkuuk flQZ /kekZpk;ksZa dk dke ughaA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr vius Lrj ij ml jgL; dks tkuus
dk gdnkj gS] viuh jk; ns ldrk gSAÞ fVIi.kh dhft,A
mÙkj& /keZ ij dqN eqëhHkj yksxksa dk ,dkf/kdkj fuf”pr :i ls ladqfpr vFkZ çnku djrk gSA ;s eqëhHkj yksx ugha pkgrs
 Page:34
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
fd /keZ dk jgL; gj dksbZ tku ysA ,slk gksus ij ,dkf/kdkj fNu tk;sxk] muds LokFkZ fl) ugha gks ik;sx
a s fdUrq
tc /keZ dk lEcU/k vke vkneh ls tqM+ tk;sxk vkSj og /keZ ds jgL; ls ifjfpr gks tk;sxk rks fu'p;
gh /keZ mlds fodkl esa lgk;d gksxkA
iz% 4 oSfnddky esa fgUnqvksa esa dSlh ykVjh pyrh Fkh] ftldk ftØ ys[kd us fd;k gS \
mÙkj& oSfnd dky esa ;ksX; iRuh pquus ds fy, oj fofHkUu LFkkuksa dh feêh ls cus <s+ys dU;k ds le{k j[krk Fkk vkSj
muesa ls dksbZ ,d <+syk pquus dks dgrkA og ftl <+sys dks pqurh] mldh feêh ftl LFkku ls yh xbZ Fkh] mlds
vk/kkj ij ;g fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk Fkk fd og dU;k fookgksijkUr dSls iq= dks tUe nsxhA ;fn vPNs LFkku dh
feêh dk <+syk pqurh rks vPNh lUrku dks tUe nsxh vkSj ;fn cqjs LFkku dh feêh dk <+syk pqurh gS rks cqjh larku
dks tUe nsxhA bl çdkj oSfnd dky esa fgUnw <+sys& Nqvkdj iRuh oj.k djrs FksA ;g ,d çdkj dh ykVjh Fkh
ftldk ftØ ys[kd us ;gk¡ fd;k gSA
iz% 5 *<+sys pqu yks* dgkuh ds ek/;e ls ys[kd D;k lan s'k nsuk pkgrk gS\
mÙkj&;g y?kqdFkk :f<+;ksa ,oa va/kfo'oklksa dk fojks/k djrh gS vkSj ;g lans'k nsrh gS fd gesa viuh cqf) dk mi;ksx
djds thou ls lacaf/kr fu.kZ; ysus pkfg,A iRuh dk pquko vk¡[k&dku ls ns[k&lqudj djuk T;knk vPNk gS u
fd <+sys Li'kZ djokdj oSfnd jhfr ls thou lkFkh dk pquko djukA T;ksfr"kh; x.kukvksa ds }kjk thou lkFkh dk
pquko djus dh vis{kk viuh cqf) dk mi;ksx djrs gq, pquko djuk ys[kd csgrj ekurk gSA
iz% 6 if.Mr pUæ /kj 'kekZ xqysj h dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fy[kks&
mÙkj&if.Mr pUæ/kj 'kekZ dk tUe lu~ 1883 bZ- esa iqjkuh cLrh] t;iqj esa gqvkA os laL—r ds çdk.M if.Mr] cgqHkk"kkfon]
çkphu bfrgkl vkSj iqjkrRoosÙkk] Hkk"kk&foKkuh] ys[kd vkSj lekykspd FksA xqyjs h th us ys[ku ds fy, [kM+h cksyh
fgUnh dks viuk;kA mudh Hkk"kk ljy] ljl vkSj fo"k;kuqdy
w gSA
çeq[k —fr;k¡& dgkfu;k¡ & lq[ke; thou] cq)q dk dk¡Vk] mlus & dgk FkkA flQZ mlus dgk Fkk] dgkuh ls
xqyjs hth fgUnh dgkuhdkjksa esa vej gks x;s gSaA
lEiknu & 1- lekykspd ¼1903&06 b-Z½] 2- e;kZnk ¼1911&12 bZ-½] 3- çfrHkk ¼1918&20 bZ-½] 4- ukxjh çpkfj.kh
if=dk ¼1920&22 bZ-½
lEeku& xqyjs hth dks *bfrgkl fnokdj* dh mikf/k ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
fucU/kkRed iz” u&
iz%1 fuEu x|ka”k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A
mÙkj&/keZ ds jgL; dh tkuus dh bPNk çR;sd euq"; u djs tks dgk tk, ogh dku <+ydkdj lqu ys] bl lR;;qxh er
ds leFkZu esa ?kM+h dk –"VkUr cgqr rkfy;k¡ fiVokdj fn;k tkrk gSA ?kM+h le; crykrh gSA fdlh ?kM+h ns[kuk
tkuusokys ls le; iwN yks vkSj dke pyk yksA ;fn vf/kd djks rks ?kM+h ns[kuk Lo;a lh[k yks fdUrq rqe pkgrs
gks fd ?kM+h dk ihNk [kksydj ns[ksa] iqtsZ fxu ys]a mUgsa [kksydj fQj tek ns lkQ djds fQj yxk ys& ;g rqels
 Page:35
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
ugha gksxkA rqe mlds vf/kdkjh ughaA ;g rks osn& 'kkL=K /kekZpk;ksZ dk gh dke gS fd ?kM+h ds iqtZs tkus] rqEgs
blls D;k \ D;k bl miek ls ftKklk cUn gks tkrh gS\
lUnHkZ& çLrqr iafDr;k¡a if.Mr pUæ/kj 'kekZ *xqyjs hth* }kjk jfpr ikB *lqfefjuh ds euds* ls yh xbZ gSA ;g
va'k bl ikB ds nwljs [k.M *?kM+h ds iwtsZ ls mn~/k`r fd;k x;k gSA ftls gekjh ikB~;&iqLrd vUrjk Hkkx&2
esa ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA
çlax& /keZ dk mins'k nsus okys fo}ku ?kM+h dk mnkgj.k nsdj /keZ ds fo"k; esa crkrs gS ?kM+h esa dsoy le;
ns[kksA mldks [kksydj er ns[kksA /keZ ds mins'k lquks] ml ij rdZ er djksA
O;k[;k & /keksZins'kd çk;% ;g dgk djrs gSa fd rqEgs /keZ ds ckjs esa tks dqN crk;k tk;s mls pqipki dku
[kksydj lqu yks] ml ij dksbZ Vhdk&fVIi.kh er djks] dksbZ ftKklk u djksA D;ksafd rqEgs /keZ dk jgL; tkuus
dh dksbZ vko';drk ughaA bl /keZ :ih ?kM+h dk mi;ksx rqEgsa dsoy le; tkuus ds fy, djuk gS u fd ?kM+h
dks ihNs ls [kksydj mlds iqtksaZ dks ns[kus] [kksyus] lkQ djus ;k iqu% tksM+us dh t:jr gSA tc /keksZins'kd
/keZ dh rqyuk ?kM+h ls djrs gSa] rks Jksrk rkyh ctkdj mudk leFkZu djrs gSAa bl çdkj rkfy;k¡ fiVokdj
mins'kd yksxksa ds eu esa /keZ dk jgL; tkuus ds fy, mBh ftKklk dks csekuh crkdj mls “kkar djuk pkgrs
gSaA fdUrq okLro esa ,slk gksrk ugha gSA gj O;fä ds eu esa /keZ dk jgL; tkuus dh dqN ftKklk jgrh gSA lkFk
gh tks “kadk,¡ eu esa mBrh gS mudk og lek/kku Hkh djuk pkgrk gSA
fo'ks " k&
(i) ys[kd us /keksZins'kdksa dh ço`fr ij çdk”k Mkyk gSA
(ii) mins'kd /keZ dh miek ?kM+h ls nsrs gSaA
(iii) Hkk"kk ljy] lgt vkSj çokgiw.kZ [kM+h cksyh fgUnh gSA
(iv) mins'kkRed 'kSyh dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA

ikB&3
Q.kh'ojukFk *js.kq * ¼lao fn;k½
iz% 1 laofn;k dgkuh ,d thoar fp=.k gS\
¼v½ ukjh eu ds nq%[k vkSj d#.kk dh ¼c½ cky eu ds nq%[k o d#.kk dh
¼l½ iq#"k eu ds nq%[k vkSj d:.kk dh ¼n½ ctqxZ eu ds nq%[k o d#.kk dh ¼v½
iz% 2 cM+h cgqfj;k dh VwVh M~;ks<h ds }kjk ys[kd us b'kkjk fd;k gS\
¼v½ lekt dk lkaL—frd iru ¼c½ iru'khy lkaerh O;oLFkk
¼l½ lekt dks oSpkfjd iÙku ¼n½ vkfFkZd iÙku ¼c½
iz% 3 Þvkxs ukFk u ihNs ixgkÞ eqgkojs dk D;k vFkZ gS\
 Page:36
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

¼v½ cgqr vf/kd Mj tkuk ¼c½ tkudkjh çkIr djuk

¼l½ dksbZ ftEesnkjh uk gksuk ¼n½ uqdlku gks tkuk ¼ l ½
iz% 4 Þm/kkj dk lkSnk [kkus esa cM+k ehBk yxrk gSÞ ;g dFku laofn;k dgkuh esa fdlus dgk\
¼v½ cM+h cgqfj;k us ¼c½ gjxksfcu us
¼l½ xqy eqgEen vkxk us ¼n½ eksfnekbu us ¼n½
iz% 5 *laofn;k* Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq dh fdl çdkj dh dgkuh gS\
¼v½ ,sfrgkfld dgkuh ¼c½ euksoSKkfud dgkuh
¼l½ lkaL—frd dgkuh ¼n½ vkapfyd dgkuh ¼n ½
iz% 6 gjxksfcu laofn;k dgk¡ ls laokn ysdj x;k \
¼v½ tykyx< ls fcgiqj ¼c½ fcgiqj ls tykyx<
¼l½ tykyx< ls [kxfM+;k ¼n½ [kxfM+;k ls tykyx< ¼v½
iz% 7 ek¡ us cM+h cgqfj;k ds fy, D;k Hkstk Fkk\
¼v½ Qy ¼c½ ngh&pwM+k
¼l½ cklerh /kku dk pwM+k ¼n½ mi;qZä lHkh ¼l ½
iz% 8 Q.kh'oj ukFk *js.kw* dks fgUnh esa fdl :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA
¼v½ ,sfrgkfld dFkkdkj ¼c½ lkekftd dFkkdkj
¼l½ vkapfyd dFkkdkj ¼n½ euksoSKkfud dFkkdkj ¼l ½
ycqr jkRed o nh?kZm ÙkjkRed ç'u&
iz% 1 Q.kh'ojukFk *js.k* ds thou vkSj jpukvksa dk laf{kIr ifjp; nhft,\
mÙkj & Q.kh'ojukFk *js.kq* dk tUe fcgkj jkT; ds iwf.kZ;k ftys ds vkSjkgh&fgaxuk uked xk¡o esa o"kZ 1921 esa gqvkA js.kq
us o"kZ 1942 ds *Hkkjr NksMk+ s* vkanksyu esa Hkkx fy;kA usiky ds jk.kk'kkgh fojks/kh vkanksyu esa Hkh mudh lfØ; jgsA
*js.kq* dk fu/ku 1977 bZ esa gqvkA js.kq th] dh jpukvksa esa xzkeh.k thou] laL—fr o vkapfyd thou dks ekfeZdrk
ds lkFk çLrqr fd;kA
çeq[k jpuk,¡ & miU;kl eSyk vk¡py] ijrh ifjdFkk] fdrus&pkSjkgs dgkuh laxzg&Bqejh] ,d vkfne
jkf= dh egd] vfXu[kksj fjiksr kZt &_.kty&/kuty] usi kyh Økafr dFkkA
iz% 2 *laofn;k* dgkuh esa *js.kq* us ekuoh; laons ukvks dh xgjh igpku] o ukjh ds çfr –f"Vdks.k dks çLrqr fd;k gSa Li"V
dhft,A
mÙkj & laofn;k dgkuh esa Q.kh'ojukFk *js.kq* us ekuoh; laons ukvksa dh xgjh rFkk vR;Ur vfHkO;fDr çLrqr dh gS bl
dgkuh esa ys[kd us ukjh ds vlgk;] lgu'khy] eu dh dksey Hkkoukvksa mlds nq%[k nnZ] d:.kk dks vR;ar ân;
Li'khZ <ax ls vkfn ik=ksa ds ek/;e O;Dr fd;k gS gjxksfcu rFkk cM+h cgq vkfn ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls ys[kd us izn”s k
ds nq%[kh vkSj cslgkjk ik=ksa ds nq%[k&osnuk dks viuh iwjh lgkuqHkwfr ds lkFk vfHkO;Dr fd;k gSA lkFk gh ys[kd
 Page:37
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

us ifjokj ds c¡Vokjs vkSj lekIr gksrs gq, ekuoh; lac/a kksa dk fp=.k Hkh fd;k gSA
iz% 3 laofn;k dh D;k fo'ks"krk,¡ gS vkSj xk¡o okyksa ds eu esa laofn;k dh D;k vo/kkj.kk gS\
mÙkj&laokn ds izR;sd 'kCn dks ;kn j[kuk rFkk ftl lqj vkSj Loj esa laokn lquk;k x;k gS] Bhd mlh <ax ls tkdj lqukuk
laofn;k dh fo'ks"krk,¡ gS A ;g lgt dke ugha gSA xk¡o okyks dh laofn;k ds fo"k; esa /kkj.kk gS fd fuBYyk] detksj] vkSj
isVw vkneh gh laofn;k dk dke djrk gS] fcuk etnwjh fy, xk¡o&2 laokn igq¡pkrk gSA vkSjrks dh ehBh cksyh
lqudj gh mudk lan's kokgd cu tkrk gSA gjxksfcu dks blhfy, xk¡ookys vkSjrks dk xqyke Hkh dgrs gSA
iz% 4 cM+h cgqfj;k dk laokn gjxksfcu D;ksa ugha lquk ldk \
mÙkj& cM+h cgqfj;k iwjs xk¡o dh y{eh FkhA ;fn og cM+h cgqfj;k dh foifÙk dFkk mldh ek¡ ls dgrk rks og mls mlds
ikl cqyk ysrh ftlls iwjs xk¡o dh cnukeh gksrh A xk¡o dh y{eh xk¡o NksM+dj pyh tk;sxh rc xk¡o es D;k jg
tk,xkA lquus okys gjxksfcu dk uke ysdj Fkwdx
sa As dSlk xk¡o gS] tgk¡ y{eh tSlh cgqfj;k nq%[k Hkksx jgh gSA blh
dkj.k gjxksfcu cM+h cgqfj;k dk laokn mldh ek¡ dks ugha lquk ldkA
iz% 5 *fMftVy bafM;k* ds nkSj esa laofn;k dh D;k Hkwfedk gks ldrh gS \
mÙkj&iqjkus le; es tc vkokxeu ds lk/ku cgqr de FksA lwpukvksa ds vknku&çnku dh O;oLFkk ugha Fkh A ml le;
xk¡oksa esa viuk lekpkj Hkstus ds fy, laofn;k gksrk Fkk laofn;k ,d lan's kokgd gksrk Fkk tks laokn dks cksydj
lans 'k igq ¡pkrk FkkA orZeku esa fMftVy bafM;k gksu s ij lapkj ds vusd kusd ek/;e fodflr gks x, gSA tks
fdlh lekpkj dks –'; JO; ek/;e ls nqfu;k ds fdlh Hkh dksus esa {k.kHkj esa igqapk nsrs gSA vr% *fMftVy baafM;k*
esa laofn;k dh çR;{kr% dksbZ Hkwfedk utj u vkrh gSA ysfdu laofn;k ,d fo'oluh; O;fä gksrk gS vr% fo”ks’k
{ks=ksa o ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa rFkk ijEijk ds vuqlkj laofn;k dk vkt Hkh egRo gSA
fuca/ kkRed iz ”u&
iz% 6 fuEufyf[kr x|ka”k dh O;k[;k dhft,A
laofn;k MVdj [kkrk gS vkSj vQj dj lksrk gS] fdUrq gjxksfcu dks uhan ugha vk jgh gSA ;g mlus D;k fd;k\
D;k dj fn;k\ og fdlfy, vk;k Fkk\ og >wB D;ksa cksyk\ ugha-------------ugha] lqcg mBrs gh og cw<h ekrk dks cM+h
cgqfj;k dk fn;k lgh lan's k lquk nsxk & v{kj&2 ek;th] vkidh bdykSrh csVh cgqr d"V esa gSA vkt gh fdlh
dks Hkstdj cqyok fyft,A ugha rks og lpeqp dqN dj cSBsxhA vkf[kj] fdlds fy, og bruk lgsxhA----------- cM+h
cgqfj;k us dgk gS] HkkHkh ds cPpksa dh twBu [kkdj og ,d dksus esa iM+h jgsxhA
lanHkZ & çLrqr iafä;k¡ *laofn;k* uked dgkuh ls yh xbZ gSA ;g vkapfyd dgkuh *Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq* }kjk jfpr
gS vkSj bls gekjh ikB~; iqLrd *varjk Hkkx &2* esa ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA
iz alx&cM+h cgqfj;k dk lans'k ysdj gjxksfcu laofn;k mldh cw<h ek¡ ds xk¡o igq¡pkA mlds lkeus lqLokn
Hkkstu dh Fkkyh j[kh xbZ ij mlls [kk;k u x;kA ckj&ckj vk¡[kks ds lkeus cM+h cgqfj;k dh d#.k ewfrZ vk tkrh
gSA lkFk gh mls bl ckr dh Hkh ihM+k Fkh fd mlus laofn;k dk dÙkZO; iwjk ugha fd;k bu iafä;ks es mlds blh
 Page:38
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

ekufld var}ZU} dh vfHkO;fä gqbZ gSA

O;k[;k&laofn;k dk fo'ks"k vknj&lRdkj gksrk gSA vPNk ,oa Lokfn’V Hkkstu og isV Hkj dj [kkrk gS ij gjxksfcu
laofn;k ls vkt u rks Hkj isV Hkkstu fd;k x;k vkSj u gh uhan vk jgh gSA ckj&ckj mls yxrk gS fd mlus cM+h
cgw dk lans'k ek¡ th dks u lqukdj vijk/k fd;k gSA cM+h cgq us cM+h vk'kk vkSj fo'okl ls mls Hkstk Fkk ij mlus
dÙkZO; dk fuokZg ugha fd;kA og ;gk¡ cM+h cgqfj;k ds d"Vksa dk lekpkj nsus vk;k Fkk ij ;gk¡ vkdj mlus >wB
D;ksa cksyk fd ogk¡ lc Bhd&Bkd gS vkSj gosyh esa cM+h cgqfj;ka dq”ky ls gS tcfd cM+h cgqfj;k Hkkstu u feyus
ds dkj.k cFkqvk lkx [kkdj tSls&rSls xqtkjk dj jgh Fkh og lksprk gS fd og lqcg mBdj ek¡ th dks lc crk
nsxk fd vkidh csVh ogk¡ ij ijs'kku gS vkSj vki tYnh mls] vius ikl cqyk ys vU;Fkk og vius vki dks dqqN dj
ysxh vkf[kj dc rd og cFkqvk lkx [kkdj thfor jgsxh ,oa og bruk d’V fdlds fy, lgsxhA mlus rks ;g lans'k
fn;k gS fd eq>s 'kh?kz cqyk ysaA eSa HkkHkh ds cPpksa dh twBu [kkdj ,d dksus esa iM+h jgw¡xhA laofn;k us vius drZO;
dk ikyu ugha fd;k blhfy, laofn;k dh vka[kks ls uhan xk;c gks xbZA
fo'ks " k&
(i) çLrqr vorj.k esa gjxksfcu ds var}ZU} dk fp=.k gSA
(ii) gjxksfcu dks ;g vijks/k cks/k gks jgk Fkk fd mlus cM+h cgqfj;k dk lans”k ek¡ th dks u lqukdj cgqr cM+h
Hkwy dh gSA
(iii) Hkk"kk ljy] lgt o izokgiw.kZ fgUnh gSA
(iv) 'kSyh & euksfo'ys"k.k 'kSyh dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA

ikB&4
Hkh’e lkguh ¼xk¡/kh] usg: vkSj ;kLlsj vjkQkr½
iz% 1 *Hkh’e lkguh* dk ;kLlj vjkQkr ls ifjp; dgk¡ gqvk Fkk\
¼v½ V;wful ¼c½ LohMu ¼l½ eysf”k;k ¼n½ isfjl ¼v½
iz% 2 *xka/kh usg: ;kLlj vjkQkr* ikB dh fo|k D;k gS\
¼v½ dgkuh ¼c½ fjiksrkZt ¼l½ laLej.k ¼n½ ;k=ko`rkar ¼l½
iz% 3 vÝks&,f'k;kbZ ys[kd la?k dk lEesyu dgk¡ gqvk Fkk\
¼v½ LohMu ¼c½ Vîwful ¼l½ eqEcbZ ¼n½ d'ehj ¼c½
iz% 4 Hkh"e lkguh ds HkkbZ *cyjkt lkguh* fdl lg&laiknd Fks\
¼v½ dYiuk ¼c½ u;h rkyhe ¼l½ leUo; ¼l½ erokyk ¼c½
iz% 5 xka/kh th ds futh lfpo dkSu Fks\
¼v½ egknso xksfoan jkukMs ¼c½ M‚ u¸;j
¼l½ feLVj v‚u ¼n½ egknso nslkbZ ¼n½
 Page:39
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

iz% 6 Þxk¡/kh] usg: vkSj ;kLlsj vjkQkrÞ ikB lkguh dh fdl jpuk dk va”k gS\
¼v½ igyk ikB ¼c½ HkVdrh jk[k
¼l½ vkt ds vrhr ¼n½ HkkX; js[kk ¼l ½
iz% 7 lsokxzke esa ys[kd fdlds lkfu/; esa jgs \
¼v½ tokgjyky usg: ¼c½ ;kLlsj vjkQkr
¼l½ egkRek xk¡/kh ¼n½ cyjkt ¼l ½
iz% 8 tokgjyky usg: ds lkFk ys[kd dh eqykdkr dgk¡ gqbZ \
¼v½ lsokxzke ¼c½ fQfyLrhu
¼l½ dk'ehj ¼n½ ekLdks ¼l ½
iz% 9 dk'ehj esa ckrks gh ckrksa esa usg: th dh /keZ ds ckjs esa fdlls cgl fNM+ xbZ\
¼v½ Hkh"e lkguh ls ¼c½ jkes'ojh usg: ls
¼l½ 'ks[k vCnqyk ls ¼n½ ;kLlsj vjkQkr ls ¼c½
iz% 10 ;kLlsj vjkQkr fdl Hkkjrh; usrk dks vknj.kh; ekurs Fks\
¼v½ xk¡/khth ¼c½ yky cgknqj 'kkL=h
¼l½ lqHkk’k pUæ cksl ¼n½ usg: ¼v½
iz% 11 fdl miU;kl ds fy, Hkh"e lkguh dks lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k \
¼v½ >jks[ks ¼c½ dfM+;k¡
¼l½ clarh ¼n½ rel ¼n ½
y?kq rjkRed o nh?kZ mÙkjkRed ç'u &
(i) Hkh"e lkguh ds laLej.k ds vk/kkj ij ;kLlsj vjkQkr ds vkfrF; ij çdk'k Mkfy,&
mÙkj& Hkh"e lkguh vkSj mudh iRuh dks ;kLlsj vjkQkr esa Hkkstu ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;k] ckgj vkdj mudk Lokxr fd;k
rFkk pk; dh est ij os Lo;a Qy Nhydj mUgsa f[kykrs jgsA mUgksaus 'kgn dh pk; muds fy, Lo;a cukdj nhA
;gh ugha tc Hkh"e th “kkspky; ls fudys rks ;kLlsj vjkQkr Lo;a rkSfy;k ysdj njoktss ij [kMs] jgs ftlls Hkh"e
th gkFk iksaN ldsaA ;s ?kVuk,¡ muds vkfrF; çse dh çek.k gSA
(ii) ys[kd lsokxzke dc vkSj D;ksa x;k Fkk \
mÙkj&ys[kd ¼Hkh"e lkguh½ vius HkkbZ cyjkt lkguh ds ikl dqN fnuksa rd jgus ds fy, lsokxzke x, Fkss tks ml le;
ogk¡ ls çdkf'kr gksus okyh if=dk *u;h rkyhe* ds lg&lEiknd FksA ;g lu 1938 ds vkl ikl dh ckr gS ftl
lky dkaxzsl dk gfjiqjk vf/kos'ku gqvk FkkA
(iii) ys[kd us lsokxzke esa fdu&fdu yksxks ds vkus dk ftØ fd;k gS\
vÙkj&ogk¡ i`Foh flag vktkn] tks çfl) Økafrdkjh FksA ys[kd us ogk¡ ehjkcsu o lhekar xk¡/kh ds uke ls fo[;kr [kku vCnwy
x¶Qkj [kku vkSj ckcw jktsUæ çlkn dks Hkh ns[kk FkkA bu lcdk ftØ ys[kd us bl laLej.k esa fd;k gSA
 Page:40
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

(iv) fQfyLrhu ds çfr Hkkjr dk joS;k cgqr lgkuqHkwfr iw.kZ ,oa leFkZu Hkjk D;ksa Fkk \
mÙkj&Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr vU;k; dk fojks/k djus dh jgh gSA lkezkT;oknh 'kfä;ksa us fQfyLrhu ds çfr tks vU;k;iw.kZ
joS;k viuk;k gqvk Fkk mldh HkRlZuk Hkkjr ds usrkvks n~okjk dh x;h FkhA Hkkjr ds ukxfjdks us Hkh blh dkj.k
fQfyLrhu vkSj mlds usrk ;kLlsj vjkQkr ds çfr viuh lgkuqHkwfr fn[kk;h vkSj leFkZu O;ä fd;kA fQfyLrhu
gekjk fe= ns'k gS rFkk ;kLlsj vjkQkr dk Hkkjr esa cgqr lEeku FkkA
fuca/ kkRed ç'u&
iz% 1 xa|k'k dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft,A
mUgha fnuksa lsokxzke esa vusd tkus&ekus ns'kHkDr ns[kus dks feysA i`Fohflag vktkn vk, gq, Fks ftuds eq¡g ls og
lkjk fdLlk lquus dks feyk fd dSls mUgksaus gFkdfM+;ksa lesr] Hkkxrh jsyxkM+h esa ls Nyk¡x yxkbZ vkSj fudy Hkkxus
esa lQy gq, vkSj fQj xqeuke jgdj cjlksa rd ,d txg v/;kiu dk;Z djrs jgsA mUgha fnuksa ogk¡ ij ehjk csu
Fkh] [kku vCnqy x¶Qkj [kku vk, gq, Fks] dqN fny ds fy, jktsæa ckcw Hkh vk, FksA muds jgrs ;g ugha yxrk
Fkk fd lsokxzke nwj ikj dk dLck gksA
mÙkj& lanHkZ& ;g x|ka”k gekjh ikBîiqLrd varjk ¼Hkkx&2½ Hkh"e lkguh }kjk jfpr vkRedFkk *vkt ds vrhr* ls
vorfjr gSA
çlax & ys[kd lkguh th dqN fnu rd xk¡/kh th ds vkJe lsokxzke esa jgs ;gk¡ ogha ds vuqHkoksa dk ftØ fd;k gSA
O;k[;k & ys[kd ftu fnuksa lsokxzke esa Fkk] mUgha fnuksa dbZ ns'kHkDr Hkh ogk¡ FksA ys[kd dks mUgsa ns[kus dk volj
feykA ogk¡ çfl) ohj i`Foh flag vktkn Hkh vk, gq, FksA mudh cgknqjh ds ppsZ mu fnuksa ppkZ esa FksA mudh cgknqjh
dk fdLlk ys[kd dks bUgha ds eq¡g ls lquus dks feykA mUgksus crk;k os gFkdfM+;ksa lfgr pyrh jsyxkM+h ls Nykax
yxkdj Hkkx fudyus esa lQy jgs FksA fQj xqeukeh esa jgdj ,d txg i<+kus dk dke djrs jgsA mu fnuksa
vkJe esa ehjkcsu [kku vCnqy x¶Qkj [kku rFkk jktsaæ ckcw FksA muds jgus ls ogk¡ [kwc pgy&igy jgrh FkhA
rc lsokxzke egÙoiw.kZ LFkku cu x;k Fkk vkSj nwj dk dLck çrhr ugha gksrk FkkA
fo'ks"k%& (i) ys[kd us lsokxzke ds ckjs esa vius vuqHko crk, gSA
(ii) i`Fohflag vkt+kn ds ohjrkiw.kZ dkjukeksa dh >yd gSA

(iii) Hkk"kk ljy ,oa lqcks/k gSA

 Page:41
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
ikB&5
vlxj otkgr ¼”ksj] igpku] pkj gkFk] lk>k½
iz% 1 *'ksj* y?kq dFkk esa 'ksj fdldk çrhd gSA
¼v½ jktk dk ¼c½ çtk dk ¼l½ O;oLFkk dk ¼n½ vketurk dk ¼l½
iz% 2 tkx:d turk ds çrhd dkSu Fks\
¼v½ [kSjkrh] jkew] fNn~nw ¼c½ jktk] 'kadj] fNn~nw
¼l½ 'kadj] Hkqou] jkew ¼n½ vke turk vkSj jktk ¼v½
iz% 3 jktk }kjk turk ds vk¡[k dku o eq¡g can djokus dk okLrfod mís'; D;k Fkk \
¼v½ turk dks fujdq'a k cukuk ¼c½ turk dks vf/kd vf/kdkj çnku djuk
¼l½ turk dks xqejkg djds Loa; fujdqa'k cuuk ¼n½ vPNh rjg ls çtk dk ikyu&iks"k.k djuk ¼l½
iz% 4 *lk>k* y?kqdFkk esa gkFkh fdldk çrhd gSA
¼v½ jktk dk ¼c½ çHkko'kkyh oxZ dk ¼l½ çtk dks ¼n½ fdlku dk ¼c½
iz% 5 *pkj gkFk* dgkuh mtkxj djrh gS\
¼v½ cky etnwjh ¼c½ etnwjksa dk 'kks"k.k
¼l½ Hk"Vªkpkj ¼n½ ukjh vR;kpkj ¼c½
iz% 6 jkT; dks dSlh çtk ilUn gS&
¼v½ esgurh ¼c½ dkepksj
¼l½ cgjh] xw¡xh vkSj va/kh ¼n½ vkKkdkjh ¼l ½
iz% 7 gkFkh us fdlku ds lkFk lk>s esa [ksrh dh&
¼v½ eDdk dh ¼c½ bZ[k dh
¼l½ Tokj dh ¼n½ ck¡l dh ¼c½

iz% 8 yksx 'ksj dgkuh esa jkstxkj çkIr djus ds fy, tk jgs Fks&
¼v½ jktk ds ikl ¼c½ 'ksj ds eq¡g esa
¼l½ [ksr esa ¼n½ gkFkh ds ikl ¼c½
y?kqÙ kjkRed o nh?kZm ÙkjkRed ç'u%&
iz% 1 dgkuh esa ys[kd us 'ksj dks fdl ckr dk çrhd crk;k gS \
mÙkj&dgkuh esa 'ksj dks ys[kd us 'kklu&lÙkk dk çrhd crk;k gSA lÙkk vfgald vkSj lg%vfLrRooknh gksus dk nkok
djrh gSA mlus Hkze QSyk j[kk gS fd og turk dh fgr fpUrd gSA blh dkj.k turk ml ij fo”okl djds mldh
ckr ekurh gSA dqN LokFkZo”k Hkh mldk lg;ksx djrs gSA lÙkk fojks/k cnkZ”r ugha djrh vkSj fojks/kh dks rkdr ds
lkFk dqpy nsrh gSA og tufgr ds uke ij viuk fgr pkgrh gSA
 Page:42
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

iz% 2 'ksj ds eq¡g vkSj jkstxkj ds n¶rj ds chp D;k varj gS \

mÙkj&'ksj ds eqga esa tks ,d ckj tkrk gS og okil dHkh ugha vkrk gSA ysfdu n¶rj es rks yksx ckj&ckj pDdj yxkrs
gSa vthZ nsrs gSaA ij mUgsa ukSdjh ugha feyrhA 'ksj tkuojks dks fuxy ysrk gSA ij jkstxkj n¶rj ukSdjh pkgus okyks
dks fuxyrk ugha ysfdu mUgsa jkstxkj çnku djds thus dk volj Hkh nsrk gSA bl dFkk ls ys[kd us orZeku
'kklu O;oLFkk ij O;aX; fd;k gSA
iz% 3 vka[ks can j[kus vkSj vk¡[ks [kksydj ns[kus ds D;k ifj.kke fudys \
mÙkj&çtk ds vk¡[ks can j[kus ls /khjs&/khjs jktk dk çHkwRo loZ= O;kIr gks x;k vkSj og fujdqa'k gks x;kA turk dks jktk
n~okjk fd, tkus okys vius gh 'kks"k.k dk irk u pykA tc çtktuksa& [kSjkrh] jke fNn~nw us vka[k [kksydj ns[kk
rks os ,d&nwljs dks u ns[k lds loZ= jktk gh fn[kkbZ fn;kA vFkkZr jktk us mRiknu ds lk/kuks ij /khjs&/khjs
viuk vf/kdkj tek fy;k vkSj çtktuks dks Hkqykos esa j[kdj ,slk cuk fn;k fd vc os ,dtqV gksdj mlds f[kykQ
[kM+s gksus dk nqLlkgl ugha dj ldsA iwathifr Hkh rks ;gh djrk gSA
iz% 4 pkj gkFk u yx ikus ij fey ekfyd dh le> esa D;k ckr vkbZ \
mÙkj&fey ekfyd dh le> esa ;g ckr vkbZ fd bl rjg mRiknu nwuk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA mlus r; fd;k fd
mRiknu c<kus vkSj [kpZ mruk gh j[kus ds fy, etnwjks dh la[;k nqxquh dj nh tk, vkSj etnwjh vk/kh dj nh
tk,A mlus ,slk gh fd;k vkSj cscl ykpkj etnwj vk/kh etnwjh ij gh dke djus yxsA
iz% 5 gkFkh us [ksr dh j[kokyh ds fy;s D;k ?kks"k.kk dh \
mÙkj&gkFkh us iwjs taxy esa ?kwedj MqXxh ihV vk;k fd xUus dh [ksrh esa mldk lk>k gS vr% dksbZ tkuoj [ksr dks
uqdlku u igqapk,a] ugha rks vPNk u gksxkA
iz% 6 “ksj dgkuh eas gekjh O;oLFkk ij tks O;aX; fd;k x;k gS] mls Li"V dhft, \
mÙkj&'ksj bl y?kqdFkk esa O;oLFkk dk çrhd gSA ys[kd us blds ek/;e ls gekjh O;oLFkk ij O;aX; fd;k gSA >wBs çpkj
ds ek/;e ls 'kklu turk dks [kq'kgkyh dk >kalk nsrk gS rFkk turk dk dqN Hkh Hkyk ugha gksrk gSA lc dqN
“kkldks dh tsc esa lek tkrk gSA yksx rjg&2 ds lius fn[kkrs gSaA blesa lqfo/kkHkksfx;ks ij fo'ks"k :i ls O;aX;
fd;k x;k gSA
iz% 7 vlxj otkgr dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fy[kksaA
mÙkj&vlxj otkgr
tUe & lu~ 1946 Qrsgiqj ¼mÙkjçns'k½A
çeq[k jpuk,¡& fnYyh igq¡puk gS] fLofeax iwy] lc dgk¡ dqN] vk/kh ckuh] eSa fganw gw¡ ¼dgkuh&laxzg½] fQjaxh ykSV
vk,] bUuk dh vkokt] ohjxfr] lfe/kk] ftl ykgkSj ubZ ns[;k rFkk vdh ¼ukVd½] lcls lLrk xksLr ¼uqDdM+
ukVd½] jkr esa tkxus okys] igj nksigj rFkk lkr vkleku] dSlh vkfx yxkbZ ¼miU;kl½ vlxj otkgr us xty
dh dgkuh o`Ùkfp= dk funsZ'ku fd;k gS rFkk cw¡n&cw¡n /kkjkokfgd dk ys[kd Hkh fd;kA
iz% 8 *pkj gkFk* y?kq dFkk 'kks"k.k ij vk/kkfjr O;oLFkk dk inkZQk'k djrh gSA Li"V dhft,A
 Page:43
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
mÙkj & vlxj otkgr dh y?kq dFkk *pkj gkFk* dk mís'; bl rF; dks mtkxj djuk gS fd fey ekfyd etnwjksa dk
'kks"k.k djrs gSA os mRiknu c<+kus ds fy;s funZ;rk dh lhekvksa dk Hkh mYya?ku dj tkrs gSaA ,d fey ekfyd us
lkspk fd ;fn etnwjksa ds pkj gkFk gks rks mRiknu nqxquk gks ldrk gSA rjg& rjg ds mik; djds mlus etnwjksa
ds pkj gkFk yxkus dk ç;kl fd;k ij lQyrk u feyhA
mlus yksgs ds gkFk tcjnLrh etnwjksa ds fQV djok fn, ifj.kker% mlus etnwj ej x;sA fQj mlus etnwjh vk/kh dj
nhA iwathifr laosnughu gS] os vf/kd ls vf/kd ykHk dek jgs gSa vkSj etnwjksa dh ykpkjh dk Qk;nk mBk jgs gSaA
fuca/ kkRed ç'u&
iz% 1 xa|k”k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A
dqN fnuksa ckn eSaus lquk fd 'ksj vafglk vkSj lg&vfLrRookn dk cM+k tcjnLr leZFkd gS blfy, txyh tkuojksa
dk f'kdkj ugha djrkA eSa lkspus yxk] 'kk;n 'ksj ds isV esa os lkjh phtsa gS ftuds fy, yksx ogk¡ tkrs gS vkSj
eSa Hkh ,d fnu 'ksj ds ikl x;k A 'ksj vk¡[ks can fd;s iM+k Fkk vkSj mldk LVkQ v‚fQl dk dke fuiVk jgk FkkA
eSua s ogk¡ iwNk] ÞD;k ;g lp gS fd 'ksj lkgc ds isV ds vUnj jkstxkj dk n¶rj gS\Þ crk;k x;k fd ;g lp gSA
mÙkj& lanHkZ & çLrqr iafDr;k¡ *vlxj otkgr* th dh y?kq dFkk *'ksj* ls yh xbZ gS tks gekjh ikB~;iqLrd varjk ¼Hkkx 2½
esa ladfyr gSA
çlax & taxy esa 'ksj ds v‚fQl ds ckjs esa ys[kd us lquk Fkk 'ksj ds ikl tkus ij mlus D;k ns[kk bldk o.kZu
;gk¡ fd;k x;k gSA
O;k[;k& 'ksj dk çpkj ra= cgqr etcwr FkkA mlus vius ckjs esa çpkfjr djok;k fd og vafglkoknh gks x;k gS]
og lg&vfLrRookn vkSj vafglk dk leFkZd gks x;k gS vc og f”kdkj ugha djrk rks mlls Mjus dh dksbZ
vko';drk ugha gSA ys[kd fopkj djus yxk fd gks ldrk gS fd 'ksj ds isV esa gjh ?kkl dk eSnku] jkstxkj dk
n¶rj vkSj LoxZ fo|eku gks] ftlds çyksHku esa Qaldj taxyh tkuoj mlds eq¡g esa ços'k djrs tk jgs gS bldk
irk yxkus ys[kd ,d fnu 'ksj ds ikl x;kA ys[kd dk vfHkçk; ;g gS fd 'kklu O;oLFkk vius fo"k; esa tks
dqN dgrh gS mls lp eku ysus ds vfrfjDr turk ds ikl D;k pkjk gSA “ksj ds isV esa jkstxkj n¶rj gS ;g
“ksj ds }kjk izpkfjr fd;k x;k >wB Fkk ij taxy esa bls lR; le>dj mlds eq¡g esa lekrs tk jgs FksA
fo'ks"k%&(i) 'ksj O;oLFkk dk çrhd gSA
(ii) 'kSyh çrhdkRed gSA

(iii) Hkk"kk lgt o çokgiw.kZ gSA

(iv) jkT; O;oLFkk tks >wB&lR; vius ckjs esa çpkfjr djrh gS] mls turk eku gh ysrh gSA
 Page:44
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
ikB&6
fueZy oekZ ¼tgk¡ dksbZ okilh ugha½
iz% 1 *tgk¡ dksbZ okilh ugha* ikB dh ewy laosnu D;k gS\
¼v½ o`{kkjksi.k dh leL;k ¼c½ çnw"k.k dh leL;k
¼l½ foLFkkiu dh leL;k ¼n½ Hk"Vªkpkj dh leL;k ¼l½
iz% 2 isM+ksa ds ,d lR;kxzg dk vuqHko ys[kd dks dgk¡ gqvk\
¼v½ flaxjkSyh esa ¼c½ ekyok esa ¼l½ /kuckn esa ¼n½ Hkk[kM+k esa ¼v½
iz% 3 *tgk¡ dksbZ okilh ugha* fueZy oekZ }kjk jfpr- ;k=ko`rkUr fdl laxzg ls fy;k x;k gS\-
¼v½ jk[k dh ygj ¼c½ /kqa/k ls mBrh /kqu
¼l½ gj cxkfjl esa ¼n½ phM+kas ij pk¡nuh ¼c½
iz% 4 ys[kd fueZy oekZ fdl laLFkk dh rjQ ls flaxjksyh x, Fks\
¼v½ fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ¼c½ foÙk ea=ky;
¼l½ ge oÙku laLFkku ¼n½ yksdk;u laLFkk ¼n½
iz% 5 [kSjokj tkfr ds jktk dc jkt fd;k djrs Fks&
¼v½ 1845 ls iwoZ ¼c½ 1926 ls iwoZ
¼l½ 1950 ls iwoZ ¼n½ 1905 ls iwoZ ¼c½
iz% 6 *tgk¡ dksbZ okilh ughaA* ikB esa fdl xk¡o dk mYys[k gS\
¼v½ ve>j ¼c½ fcLdksgj
¼l½ tykyx<+ ¼n½ tgktiqj ¼v½

iz% 7 vk/kqfud Hkkjr ds u, 'kj.kkFkhZ dgk x;k gS&

¼v½ caXykns'kh ¼c½ ikfdLrku ls vk, fgUnw
¼l½ foLFkkfir yksx ¼n½ dksbZ ugha ¼l ½
iz% 8 yksdk;u laLFkk fodkl dk;ksaZ dk tk;tk ysus dgk¡ xbZ Fkh&
¼v½ flaxjkSyh ¼c½ u;k xk¡o
¼l½ ve>j ¼n½ fcLdksgj ¼v½

y?kqr jkRed o nh?kZm ÙkjkRed iz ”u&

(i) ve>j ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ ve>j xk¡o esa lwukiu D;ksa gS \
mÙkj&*ve>j* ,d xk¡o dk uke gS ftldk vFkZ gS& vke ds isMk+ s ls f?kjk xk¡o tgk¡ vke >jrs gSAa fiNys dqN o"kksZa ls
bu isMk+ s ij lwukiu gSA u dksbZ Qy yxrk gS u uhps >jrs gSA dkj.k iwNus ij irk pyk fd tc ls ljdkjh ?kks"k.kk
gqbZ gS fd vejkSyh çkstDs V ds vUrxZr uokxk¡o ds vusd xk¡o mtkM+ fn, tk,¡xs rc ls u tkus dSls vke ds isM+
 Page:45
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

lw[kus yxsA vkneh mtM+sxk rks isM+ thfor jgdj D;k djsasxsA
(ii) vk/kqfud Hkkjr ds u, 'kj.kkFkhZ fdUgsa dgk x;k gSa\
mÙkj&vkS/kksxhdj.k ds dkj.k ftu yksxks dks viuh tehu & ?kj NksM+dj tkuk iM+k] ,sls foLFkkfir yksx gh vk/kqfud
Hkkjr ds u, 'kj.kkFkhZ dgyk, tk,axAs vius xk¡o] ?kj] ifjos'k ls gVus ds ckn yksxks dks ,sls u;s LFkku ryk'kus
iM+rs gS tgk¡ og 'kj.k ys lds ;k jg ldsA
(iii) vkS/kksxhdj.k us i;kZoj.k dk ladV iSnk dj fn;k gS] D;ksa vkSj dSls \
mÙkj&vkS|ksfxdj.k ls fodkl dks rks xfr feyrh gS ijUrq i;kZoj.k dks gkfu igqaprh gSA ouksa dh v¡/kk/kq¡/k dVkbZ
vkS /kksfxd dpjs dk fuLrkj.k rFkk xS l mRltZu ds dkj.k mRiUu ok;q çnw"k.k vkfn vusd leL;k,a iS nk
gks ldrh gS A vusd yks xksa dks vius ?kj ckj ,oa ifjos'k dks NksM +d j foLFkkfir gksuk iM+r k gSA ftlls
os viuh laL—fr ls dV tkrs gS aA isM +ks dh va/ kk/kqa/k dVkbZ ls i;kZoj.k dk lad V mRiUu gks tkrk gSA
ck< tSlh çk—frd foink,¡ ,oa Hkksiky xSl =klnh tS lh nq?kZ Vuk,¡ bl vkSS |ksxhdj.k dh ns u gS A ys[kd
dk er ;g gS fd fodkl gksuk rks pkfg, ij ml e‚My ij ugha tks geus ;wjksi dh udy ij vk/kkfjr
;kst uk,a cukrs gq , fd;k gSA
(iv) fueZy oekZ dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fy[kksaA

mÙkj& fueZy oekZ

tUe & lu~ 1929 f'keyk ¼fgekpy çns'k½A
çeq[k dgkuh laxzg% ifjans] tyrh >kM+h] rhu ,dkar] fiNyh xjfe;ksa esa] dOos vkSj dkyk ikuh] chp cgl
esa] lw[kk rFkk vU; dgkfu;k¡A os fnu] yky Vhu dh Nr] ,d fpFkM+k lq[k] vafre vj.; ¼miU;kl½A jkr
dk fjiksVZj ftl ij lhfj;y rS;kj fd;k x;k gS mudk izfl) miU;kl gSA gj ckfj'k esa] phM+ksa ij pk¡nuh
/kq a /k ls mBrh /kqu esa muds ;k=k la Lej.k gS A 'kCn vkSj Le`fr] dyk dk tksf[ke] <yku ls mrjrs gq ,
¼fuca / k&la xz g ½A
iqjLdkj& lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkjA
fu/ku%& lu~ 2005
(v) flaxjkSyh] ds laca/k esa D;k nar dFkk gS] bldks *dkyk ikuh* D;ksa ekuk tkrk gS\
mÙkj& ,d nar dFkk ds vauqlkj flaxjkSyh uke *”ka`xkoyh* ioZrekyk ls fudyk gSA ;g iwoZ&if'pe esa QSyh gSA flaxjkSyh
ds pkjksa vksj ?kus taxy gSA buds dkj.k rFkk ;krk;kr ds lk/ku cgqr de gksus ds dkj.k ,d tekus esa yksx
flaxjkSyh esa u tkrs FksA vkSj u ogk¡ ls ckgj tkrs FksA vius vikj lkSUn;Z ds ckotwn bldks *dkyk ikuh* dgk
tkrk Fkk D;ksafd ogk¡ ds yksxksa dk lEidZ ckgjh nqfu;k ls ugha FkkA
(vi) ;wjksi vkSj Hkkjr dh i;kZoj.k laca/kh fpark,¡ fdl çdkj fHkUu gSA
mÙkj& (i) ;wjksi esa i;kZoj.k dk ç”u euq"; vkSj Hkwxksy ds chp larqyu cuk, j[kus dk gS] tcfd Hkkjr esa ;g ç'u euq";
 Page:46
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

vkSj mldh laL—fr ds chp ds uktqd larqyu dks cuk, j[kus dk gSA
(ii) ;wjksi dh lkaL—frd fojklr laxzgky;ksa esa lqjf{kr jgh gS] tcfd Hkkjr dh lkaL—frd fojklr mu fj'rksa esa

gS tks mldks /kjrh] taxyksa] ufn;ksa vkfn lewps ifjos'k ls tksM+rs gSA
(vii) fueZy oekZ us Lokra«;ksZÙkj Hkkjr dh lcls cM+h Vªt
s Mh fdls ekuk gS vkSj D;ksa\
mÙkj& ys[kd ds vuqlkj Lora=rk ds ckn Hkkjr dh lcls cM+h VªstMh 'kkld oxZ }kjk fodkl ds fy, if”peh ns”kksa dh
ns[kkns[kh o udy djds cukbZ xbZ ;kstukvksa ls gS] tks Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ,oa ifjos”k ls iw.kZr% fHkUu gSA ns'k dh
vktknh ds ckn gekjs vf/kdrj çkjafHkd usrk if'peh ns'kksa ls f'kf{kr FksA mUgksaus ogk¡ dh vkS/kksfxd çxfr ns[kh
Fkh] fdarq os ;wjksi rFkk Hkkjr dh lkaL—frd fHkUurk ds dkj.k nksuksa dh lkekftd ço`fr;ksa dk varj ugha le>
ldsA if'pe dh udy djrs gq, vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh vkSj vxzlj gks x,A ge if'pe dks e‚My u cuk dj
viuh 'krksaZ vkSj e;kZnkvksa ds vk/kkj ij Hkkjrh; Lo:i esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl dj ldrs Fks] ftldh vkSj uhfr
fu/kkZjdksa us /;ku gh ugha fn;kA
fucU/kkRed iz” u&
(i) fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A
mÙkj& ;s yksx vk/kq f ud Hkkjr ds u, 'kj.kkFkhZ gS ] ftUgs a vkS | ks x hdj.k ds >a > kor us vius ?kj&tehu ls
m[kkM+d j ges' kk ds fy, fuokZflr dj fn;k gS A ç—fr vkS j bfrgkl ds chp ;g xgjk var j gSA ck<+
;k Hkw d Ei ds dkj.k yks x viuk ?kj ckj NksM + d j dq N vjls ds fy, t:j ckgj pys tkrs gS ] fdUrq
vkQr Vyrs gh os nksc kjk vius tkus igpkus ifjos 'k esa ykS V Hkh vkrs gS fda r q fodkl vkS j çxfr ds uke
ij tc bfrgkl yks x ks dks mUew f yr djrk gS rks os fQj dHkh vius ?kj okil ugha ykS V ldrs A vk/kq fud
vkS / kks x hdj.k dh vk¡ / kh es a flQZ Hkuq " ; gh ugha m[kM+ r k] cfYd mldk ifjos ' k vkS j vkokl LFky Hkh
ges 'kk ds fy, u"V gks tkrs gSA
lanHkZ& çLrqr iafDr;k¡ fueZy oekZ ds ;k=ko`r *tgk¡ dksbZ okilh ugh* ls yh xbZ gSA bls gekjh ikB~î&iqLrd
*varjk Hkkx&2* eas ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA
çlax& O;fDr çk—frd foinkvksa ds dkj.k viuk ?kj ckj NksMd
+ j dqN le; dss fy, foLFkkfir gksrk gS ij vk/kqfud
Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxdj.k ds >a>kor us reke yksxks dks foLFkkfir djds lnk ds fy, “kj.kkFkhZ cuus dks foo'k dj fn;k gSA
O;k[;k&O;fä dks çk—frd foinkvksa Hkwd Ei] ck< vkfn ds dkj.k viuk ?kj ckj NksM +d j Fkks Ms+ le; ds
fy, foLFkkfir gksd j dgha vU;= 'kj.k ysu h iM+r h gSA tS l s gh çk—frd foink 'kkar gq bZ os vius iq jkus
?kj esa] iqjkus ifjos'k esa ykSV tkrs gS fdarq vkS|ksxhdj.k ds >a>kor ¼rwQku½ ls tks foLFkkiu yksxksa dks >syuk iM+rk
gS A ;g LFkk;h fdLe dk gksrk gSA ftlesa O;fä dks lnk ds fy, viuk ?kj&ckj NksM+dj b/kj&m/kj 'kj.k
ysuh iM+rh gS A vkS|ksxhdj.k ds dkj.k foLFkkfir ;s vk/kqfud Hkkjr ds u, 'kj.kkFkhZ gS ftUgsa viuh tehu
ls vius ?kj ls lnk ds fy, m[kkM+d j fuokZflr dj fn;k x;k gSA çk—frd çdksi rks dqN le; ds fy,
 Page:47
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

gksr k gS vkS j tSl s gh og lekIr gksrk gS foLFkkfir yksx iq u% vius ?kj essa ykS V vkrs gSaA
fo'ks " k&
(i) vkS|ksxhdj.k ds dkj.k gksus okys yksxks ds foLFkkiu ij ys[kd us fpark O;Dr dh gSA
(ii) ys[kd dk –f"Vdks.k ekuoh; ,oa laosnu'khy gSA
(iii) fodkl vkSj çxfr dk psgjk ekuoh; gksuk pkfj,] ;gh ys[kd dguk pkgrk gSA
(iv) Hkk"kk ljy] lgt vkSj çokgiw.kZ gSA
(v) 'kSyh fooj.kkRed vkSj fopkjkRed gSA
y?kqr jkRed o nh/kZ mÙkjkRed ç'u&

ikB&7
eerk dkfy;k ¼nwljk nsonkl½
(i) nwljk nsonkl dgkuh esa ysf[kdk us fdl ifjos'k dks dsUæ esa j[kk gS\
¼v½ dk'kh ¼c½ eFkqjk ¼l½ gfj}kj ¼n½ v;ks/;k ¼l½
(ii) *nwljk nsonkl* dgkuh esa C;kyw dk D;k vFkZ gS\

¼v½ nksigj dk Hkkstu ¼c½ 'kke dk Hkkstu ¼l½ 'kke dh vkjrh ¼n½ lqcg dk Hkkstu ¼c½
(iii) Lis'ky vkjrh ls ys[kd dk D;k vk'k; gS\
¼v½ ,d lkS bD;kou :i;s dh vkjrh ¼c½ panu dh Fkkyh okyh vkjrh
¼l½ uhayktyh okyh vkjrh ¼?k½ ?kh ds nhid okyh vkjrh ¼v½
(iv) eerk dkfy;k dh dgkuh *nwljk nsonkl* dk uk;d gS&
¼v½ xkSjo ¼c½ oa'kh/kj
¼l½ laHko ¼n½ eksgu ¼l ½
(v) laHko dh yM+dh ls igyh eqykdkr dgk¡ gqbZ &
¼v½ gj dh iksM+h ij ¼c½ eafnj esa
¼l½ ckx esa ¼n½ cktkj esa ¼v½
(vi) Þeuksdkeuk dh xk¡B fofp= gS] b/kj ck¡/kks vkSj m/kj yx tkrh gSÞ ;g fdlus lkspk&
¼v½ ikjks us ¼c½ laHko us
¼l½ ukuh us ¼n½ if.Mr us ¼c½
(vii) *nwljk nsonkl* dgkuh esa xaxkiq= fdls dgk x;k gS&
¼v½ xksrk[kksj ¼c½ Hkh[kkjh
¼l½ if.Mr ¼n½ laHko ¼v½
(viii) euksdkeuk gsrq yky ihys /kkxs fdrus #i;s esa fcd jgs Fks&
 Page:48
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

¼v½ nks #i;s ¼c½ ik¡p #i;s

¼l½ lok #i;s ¼n½ rhu #i;s ¼l ½

y?kqr jkRed o nh?kZm ÙkjkRed iz ”u&

(i) euksdkeuk dh xk¡B Hkh vn~Hkwr vuwBh gS]a Þb/kj ck¡/kks m/kj yx tkrh gSAÞ dFku ds vk/kkj ij ikjks
dh euksn 'kk dk o.kZu dhft,\
mÙkj& dy xa x k ?kkV ij yM+ d h dh Hks aV yM+ d s ls gq b Z Fkh vkS j iw t kjh us mUgs a ikl [kM+ k ns [ kdj Hkz e ls
ifr&iRuh le>dj Qyus&Qwyus dk vk'kh"k Hkh fn;kA yM+d h fNVddj nwj [kM+h gks xbZ ij mu nks uksa
ds eu esa çse dk va d qj.k gks x;k FkkA vkt eal k ns oh ds n'kZu djus ds ckn yM+d h us euksd keuk iwjh
gksu s dh dykos dh tks xk¡B ck¡/ kh Fkh yxrk Fkk ml xk¡B dk vlj gqvk vkSj mldh nqckjk eq ykdkr gq bZA
og lkspus yxh fd vkt gh mlus xk¡B ck¡/kh Fkh vkS j vkt gh mldh eq ykdkr laH ko ls gqbZ mudk ifjp;
Hkh gq vk tc eUuw us viuh cq vk dk uke ikjks crk;k rc laHko us Hkh viuk uke laHko nsonkl crk;k vFkkZ r
og ikjks dk nsonkl gSA ikjksa ds eu esa Hkh laHko ds çfr çse mRiUu gks pqd kA
(ii) *nw l jk ns o nkl* dgkuh ds 'kh"kZ d dh lkFkZ d rk Li"V dhft,A
mÙkj&eerk dkfy;k dh dgkuh *nwljk nsonkl* ,d izsedFkk gSA dgkuh dk 'kh"kZd ik=] ?kVuk ;k LFkku ds uke
ij j[kk tkrk gSA og vkd’kZd] jks pd] laf {kIr ,oa dkS rwgyo/kZ d Hkh gksuk pkfg,A laHko dks irk pyk fd
tks yM+d h xa xkrV ij mls iw t kjh ds ikl feyh iwt kjh us mUgsa ifr&iRuh le>dj Qyks &Qwyks dk
vk'kh"k fn;k Fkk mldk uke ikjks gS rks mlus ifjp; ns r s gq , viuk uke crk;k] laHko ns onklA ikjks vkSj
nsonkl “kjr~pUnz ds miU;kl ns o nkl ds ik= gS A blhfy, bl dgkuh dk “kh’kZd nwljk nsonkl iw j h rjg
mi;qDr gSA
(iii) *nwljk nsonkl* dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk D;k gSA
mÙkj& *nwljk nsonkl* dgkuh esa ysf[kdk *eerk dkfy;k* us gj dh ikSM+h gfj}kj dh i`"BHkwfe esa ;qok&eu dh Hkkoqdrk]
laosnuk rFkk oSpkfjd psruk dks vfHkO;Dr fd;k gSA bl% dgkuh esa vpkud gqbZ eqykdkr ds ckn ;qok ân; esa
dYiuk rFkk :ekfu;r ds tks Hkko mBrs gS mUgsa c[kwoh çLrqr fd;k gSA
(iv) ysf[kdk us xaxkiq= fdls dgk gS vkSj D;ksa\
mÙkj&xaxkiq= mu xksrk[kksjksa ds fy, ç;qä 'kCn gS tks Hkäks n~okjk xaxk esa p<+k, x, iSls xksrk yxkdj fudky ysrs
gS vFkok iwtk ds fy, xaxk esa fd'rh dh rjg rSjk;s x, nksuks esa ls iSls cVksjrs gSaA xaxk gh mudh thfodk dk
lk/ku gSA os blh {ks= esa iys&c<+s gSA xaxk gh budh ek¡ gS vr% ysf[kdk us bUgsa xaxkiq= dgk gSA
(v) gj dh ikSM+h ij gksus okyh xaxk th dh vkjrh dk *nwljk nsonkl* dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij Hkkoiw.kZ o.kZu dhft,A
mÙkj& gj dh ikSM+h ij xaxk th ds vusd eafnj gSA iafMr&iqtkjh xaxk th dh vkjrh dh rS;kjh djus esa O;Lr gSA ihry
dh uhykatfy ¼vkjrh½ gtkjks cfÙk;k¡ ?kh esa Hkhxksdj j[kh xbZ gSA dqN HkDrksa us Lis”ky vkjrh cksy j[kh gS vFkkZr
 Page:49
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
,d lkS bD;kou :i;s okyh vkjrhA vpkud gtkjksa nhi ty mBrs gS vkjrh 'kq: gks tkrh gS t; t; xaxs ekrk]
tks dksbZ rq>dks /;krkA lkjs lq[k ikrk] t; xaxs ekrkA fQj HkDrksa dk leosr Loj xw¡trk gSA

(vi) eerk dkfy;k dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fy[kks \

mÙkj& eerk dkfy;k
tUe & lu 1940 eFkqjk ¼mÙkj çns'k½A
çdkf'kr —fr;k¡&
cs?kj] ujd nj ujd] ,d iRuh ds uksV~l] çse dgkuh] yM+fd;k¡] nkSM+ ¼miU;kl½] gky gh esa nks
dgkuh laxzg çdkf'kr & iPphl lky dh yM+dh] fFk;sVj jksM+ ds dkSosA
çeq[k iqjLdkj&
lkfgR; Hkw"k.k 2004 esa] dgkuh leku 1989 esa vfHkuo Hkkjrh dydrk }kjk jpuk iqjLdkj ,oa Js"B
dgkuh iqjLdkjA

fucU/kkRed iz” u&

(i) fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,&
mÙkj&yM+dh us vkt xqykch ifj/kku ugha iguk Fkk ij lQsn lkM+h esa ykt ls xqykch gksrs gq, mlus ealk nsoh
ij ,d vkSj pqujh p<+kus dk ladYi ysrs gq, lkspk Þeuksdkeuk dh xk¡B Hkh vn~Hkwr] vuwBh gS b/kj ck¡/kks m/kj
yx tkrh gS ikjks cqvk ikjks cqvk budk uke gS---Þ eUuw us cqvk dk vk¡py [khaprs gq, dgkA ÞlaHa ko nsonklÞ laHko us
g¡ l rs gq , okD; iw j k fd;kA mls Hkh euks dkeuk dk yky ihyk /kkxk vkS j mles a iM+ h fxBku dk e/kq j
Lej.k gks vk;kA
lanHkZ& çLrqr iafä;k¡ eerk dkfy;k dh dgkuh *nwljk nsonkl* ls yh xbZ gSA ;g dgkuh gekjh ikB~;
iqLrd *varjk Hkkx&2* esa ladfyr gSA
çlax& gj dh ikSM+h ij xaxk Luku ds ckn laHko dks ogk¡ ,d yM+dh feyhA nksuks dks cgqr ikl [kM+k ns[kdj
vkSj yM+dh }kjk ç;qä *ge* “kCn ls iqtkjh dks nksuksa dk ifr&iRuh gksus dk Hkze gqvkA mlus vk'khokZn fn;kA
vxys fnu ealknsoh eafnj ls ykSVrs le; ogh yM+dh vius Hkrhts ds lkFk laHko dks feyhA
O;k[;k& dy ml yM+dh us xqykch oL= igus Fks vkt og lQsn lkM+h esa Fkh vkSj yTtk ls xqykch gks jgh
FkhA yM+ d h us ea l k ns o h ds n'kZ u dj euks d keuk iw j h gks u s dh xk¡ B ck¡ / kh rks m/kj la H ko us Hkh
euks d keuk iw j h gks u s dh xk¡ B /kkxs ls cka / k nhA la H ko dks ns [ kdj yM+ d h us eu gh eu la d Yi fy;k
fd nsoh ij ,d pwuj vkSj p<+kÅ¡xhA og lksp jgh Fkh fd euksdkeuk dh ;g xk¡B dSlh vn~Hkwr o vuks[kh
gSA b/kj ck¡/kks m/kj yx tkrh gSA yM+dh ds lkFk vk;k NksVk HkkbZ yM+dk eUuw mldk Hkrhtk Fkk igys gh
gj dh iksM+h ij laaHko ls fey pqdk Fkk vkSj mls viuk fe= Hkh cuk fy;kA
fo'ks " k&
 Page:50
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

(i) fooj.kkRed 'kSyh rFkk lgt] ljy Hkk"kk ç;qä gSA

(ii) *nwljk nsonkl* ,d izse dgkuh gSA nsonkl miU;kl ds uk;d ukf;dk ds tks uke gS ogh bl dgkuh ds
uk;d&ukf;dkvksa ds Hkh gSA
(iii) laHko us viuk uke laHko nsonkl crkdj ;g crk fn;k fd og ikjks ls çse djus yxk gSA ikjks o nsonkl
dh izfl) dgkuh “kjr ckcw ds cxayk miU;kl nsonkl esa gSA
(ii) xa| k”k lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A

HkhM+ yM+ds us fnYyh esa Hkh ns[kh Fkh] cfYd jkst ns[krk FkkA n¶rj tkrh HkhM] [kjhn&Qjks[r djrh HkhM+] rek'kk
ns[krh HkhM] lM+d Ø‚l djrh HkhM+A ysfdu bl HkhM+ dk vankt fujkyk FkkA bl HkhM+ esa ,dlw=rk FkhA u ;gk¡
tkfr dk egRo Fkk] u Hkk’kk dk] egÙo mís'; dk Fkk vkSj og lcdk leku Fkk] thou ds çfr dY;k.k HkkoukA bl
HkhM+ esa nkSM+ ugha Fkh] vfrØe.k ugha Fkk vkSj Hkh vuks[kh ckr ;g Fkh fd dksbZ Hkh 'kj.kkFkhZ fdlh lSykuh vkuan esa
Mqcdh ugha yxk jgk FkkA
mÙkj&lanHkZ & çLrqr xa|k'k ikB;iqLrd varjk ¼Hkkx 2½ esa ladfyr nwljk nsonkl ls vorfjr gS tks ysf[kdk eerk
dkfy;k }kjk jfpr gSA
çlax & cSlk[kh ds fnu gj dh ikSM+h ij ,df=r gqbZ J)kyqvksa dh HkhM+ ns[kdj vapfHkr laHko dgrk gS] ,slk ugha
gS fd mlus ,slh HkhM+ igys dHkh u ns[kh gks] cfYd og jkstkuk gh fnYyh esa ,slh gh HkhM+ ns[krk gS] tks n¶rj tkrh
gS] oLrqvksa dks [kjhnrh&cprh gS] fdlh ?kVuk ij rek'kchu cudj mls ns[krh jgrh gS ;k fQj lM+d ikj djrh
gS ,slh vusd HkhM+] mu lc HkhM+ ls vyx Fkh fnYyh esa ns[kh xbZ HkhM+ fc[kjko Fkk] ysfdu bl HkhM esa ,dlw=rk
dh Hkkouk FkhA blesa u tkfr] u Hkk"kk fdlh vk/kkj ij dksbZ HksnHkko u Fkk] cfYd lHkh dk ,d mís';] ,d y{;
FkkA mlls Hkh egRoiw.kZ ckr xaxk ds ifo= ty esa Luku ls vf/kd Loa; ls vkRelkr gksus dh çfØ;k FkhA ftlesa
J)kyq ftruk vf/kd /;ku yxkrs mÙkuk gh vf/kd Lo;a dks vge eqDr] dqaBkjfgr vuqHko djrs gSaA
fo'ks"k & (i) Hkkjrh; laL—fr dh fo'ks"krk vusdrk esa ,drk dk mYys[k fd;k gSA
(ii) o.kZukRed 'kSyh

(iii) rRle 'kCn eqä Hkk"kk o çokgiw.kZ Hkk"kk

ikB&8
gtkjh izlkn f}osnh ¼dqVt½
(i) *dqVt* fuca/k esa i`Foh dk ekun.M fdls dgk x;k gS\

¼v½ vjkoyh ioZr ¼c½ fgeky; dks ¼l½ lriqMk+ dks ¼d½ fo/;kpy dks ¼c½
(ii) ys[kd us *dqVt* ds thou dh rqyuk fdlls dh gS\
¼v½ jktk i`Fkq ls ¼c½ jktk tud ls ¼l½ jktk n'kjFk ls ¼n½ jktk gfj'paæ ls ¼c½
(iii) ÞeuLoh fe= rqe /kU; gksÞ euLoh fe= dk ç;ksx fdl fy, gqvk gS\
 Page:51
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
¼v½ dqaHkt eqfu ds fy, ¼c½ f}osnh ds fy,
¼l½ dqVt ds fy, ¼n½ _f"k eqfu ds fy, ¼l½
(iv) dqVt uke ls fdl eqfu dks tkuk tkrk gS\
¼v½ ukjn eqfu ¼c½ vxLR; eqfu ¼l½ of'k"B ekqfu ¼n½ iqyLR; eqfu ¼c½
(v) gtkjh çlkn f}osnh xzaFkkoyh fdrus Hkkxksa esa ladfyr gS\
¼v½ nl ¼c½ lkr ¼l½ X;kjg ¼n½ ckjg ¼l½
(vi) gtkjh çlkn f}osnh us vijkts; thou “kfä dk çrhd dgk gS&
¼v½ dusj ¼c½ 'kh'ke
¼l½ dqVt ¼n½ cjxn ¼l ½
(vii) *vkReuLrq dkek; loaZ fç;a Hkofr* dFku gS&
¼v½ dkfynkl ¼c½ ;kKoYD;
¼l½ f}osnhth ¼n½ xk¡/khth ¼c½
(viii) gtkjh çlkn f}osnh dk tUe gqvk& -
¼v½ 1915 bZ- ¼c½ 1907 bZ-
¼l½ 1911 bZ- ¼n½ 1920 bZ- ¼c½
(ix) dqVt dk o`{k ik;k tkrk gS&
¼v½ f'kokfyd ioZr Ük`a[kyk ¼c½ foU/;kpy
¼l½ vjkoyh ¼n½ dSyk'k ioZr ¼v½

y?kqr jkRed o nh?kZm ÙkjkRed iz ”u&

(i) dqVt ds o`{k dh rhu fo'ks"krk,a vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,&
mÙkj&dqVt ds o`{k ioZr dh dkQh Å¡pkbZ ij feyrs gSAa ogk¡ ikuh dh deh gSA
&Hk;adj xehZ esa Hkh ;s o`{k ljl ¼gjs&Qjs½ vkSj Qwyks ls yns jgrs gSA dqVt dh tM+s ioZr dh pV~Vkuksa dks QksMd
+ j
xgjkbZ ls ikuh xzg.k dj ysrh gSA
&dqVt dh thouh&”kfDr nqjar gSA dBksj iFkjhyh tehu] ty dk vkHkko] Hkh’k.k xehZ esa Hkh dqVt gjk&Hkjk o
Qwyks ls ynk jgrk gSA
(ii) dqVt dks *xk<s dk lkFkh* D;ksa dgk x;k gS \
mÙkj& *xk<s dk lkFkh* dk rkRi;Z gS dfBu le; esa lkFk nsus okykA xjeh esa tc dksbZ vkSj Qwy iqf"ir fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk
rc dqVt gh f[kyrk jgrk gSA dkfynkl us vius dkO; *es?knwr* esa fy[kk gS fd tc jkefxfj ij jgus okys ;{k
us viuh fç;k ds ikl lUns'k Hkstus gsrq *es?k* dks rS;kj fd;k rks mls dqVt iq"i viZ.k fd;kA tc dksbZ nwljk iq"i
miyC/k ugha Fkk] rc dqVt gh dke vk;kA bl dkj.k f}osnh th us mls xk<s dk lkFkh dgk gSA
(iii) dqVt fdl çdkj viuh vijkts; thouh 'kfä dh ?kks"k.kk djrk gS \
 Page:52
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

mÙkj&dqVt foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh thfor jgdj viuh vijkts; thouh 'kfä dh ?kks"k.kk djrk gSA dBksj ik’kk.k
dks Hksndj] >a>k& rqQku dks jxM+dj viuk Hkkstu çkIr dj ysrk gSA vkSj Hk;adj yw ds FkisM+ks esa Hkh ljl cuk
jgrk gS] f[kyk jgk gSA çk.k gh çk.k dks iqyfdr djrk gSA thou 'kfä gh thou “kfDr dks izsj.kk nsrh gSA dqVt
dh ;gh vijkts; thouh 'kfä gesa mYykliw.kZ thus dh çsj.kk nsrh gSA pkgs lq[k gks ;k nq[k] vijkftr gksdj
mYykl fodh.kZ djrs gq, thfor jgs ;gh dqVt dk lans'k gSA
(iv) *dqVt* ge lHkh dks D;k mins'k nsrk gS\ fVIi.kh dhft, \
mÙkj& dqVt ge lHkh dks vijkts; thouh 'kfä dk mins'k nsrk gSA dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh ftthfo"kk ds cy ij
dqVt u dsoy th jgk gSA vfirq g¡l Hkh jgk gSA u og fdlh dks viekfur djrk gS u xzgks dh [kq'kken djrk
gS og vo/kwr dh Hkk¡fr dg jgk gS pkgs lq[k gks ;k nq[k fç; gks ;k vfç;] tks fey tk, mls vijkftr ân;
ls lksYykl xzg.k djks] gkj er ekuksaA
(v) gtkjh çlkn f}osn h dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fy[kksa A

mÙkj& gtkjh çlkn] f}osn h

tUe lu~ 1907] vkjr nwcs dk Nijk] cfy;k ¼mÙkj&çns'k½ esa gqvkA
egRoiw.kZ jpuk,¡ &
v'kksd ds Qwy] fopkj vkSj fordZ] dYiyrk] dqVt] vkyksd ioZ ¼fuca/k &ladyu½ ck.kHkê dh
vkRedkFkk] iquuZok] vuke nkl dk iksFkk ¼miU;kl½ lwj&lkfgR;] dchj] fgUnh lkfgR; dh Hkwfedk] dkfynkl dh
ykfyR; ;kstukA gtkjh çlkn f}osnh xzUFkkoyh ¼X;kjg [kaM½ esa ladfyr gSA
fu/ku& lu~ 1979 esa gqbZA
(vi) Þthuk Hkh ,d dyk gS vkSj dqVt bl dyk dks tkurk gSÞ ikB ds vk/kkj ij dFku dks le>kb, A
mÙkj& vkpk;Z f}osnh us rks thus dks dyk ls lHkh c<+dj ,d riL;k ekuk gSA riL;k esa rYyhurk vkSj lfg".kqrk dk gksuk
vko';d gksrk gSA xhrk esa dgk x;k gS *lq[k&nq%[k les —Rok ykHkkykHkkS] t;kt;kSA* ;gh thou thus dh thus
dh dyk crkrk gSA fgeky; dyk gS] jgL; gSA *dqVt* gesa thus dh dyk crkrk gSA fgeky; ds Å¡ps iFkjhys
çns'k esa] tgk¡ ?kkl Hkh Hkh"k.k xehZ] yw vkSj tykHkko esa lw[k tkrh gS] ogk¡] dqVt gjk&Hkjk vkSj Qwyksa ls ynk jgrk
gSA mldh tM+s pêkuksa dks rksMd
+ j xgjkbZ ls viuk Hkkstu çkIr djrh gSA og fl[kkrk gS fd foifjr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa
la?k’kZ djds gh euq’; th ldrk gSA
fuca/ kkRed ç'u&
(i) xa| k”k lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A
uke blfy, cM+k ugha gS fd og uke gS og blfy, cM+k gksrk gS fd mls lkekftd Lohd`fr feyh gksrh gSA :i
O;fä lR; gS] uke lekt&lR;A uke ml in dks dgrs gSa ftl ij lekt dh eqgj yxh gksrh gSA vk/kqfud f'kf{kr
yksx ftls *lks'ky lsD'ku* dgk djrs gSA esjk eu uke ds fy, O;kdqy gS] lekt }kjk Loh—r] bfrgkl }kjk
 Page:53
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

çekf.kr] lef"V&ekuo dh fpÙk&xaxk esa LukrA

mÙkj & lanHkZ & çLrqr iafDr;k¡ *dqVt* uked yfyr fuca/k ls vorfjr gS f}osnh th dk ;g fuca/k gekjh ikBî iqLrd
varjk ¼Hkkx&2½ esa ladfyr gSA
çlax& D;k fdlh oLrq dk u;k uke j[k ldrs gS\ blfy, ys[kd gy fudkyrk gS fd u;k uke ns ikuk laHko
ugha D;ksfa d uke ls gh igpku tqM+h gqbZ gksrh gSA
O;k[;k & ys[kd dgrk gS bl o`{k dk uke eq>s ;kn ugha vk jgk vk, bls igpku ikuk Hkh laHko ugha gks jgkA
blls ;g ckr çekf.kr gksrh gS fQ uke cM+k gS] :i ughaA rc ys[kd us lkspk D;ksa u bldk u;k ukedj.k dj
fn;k tk;sA ij eu blds fy, rS;kj ugha gqvkA uke dks uke j[kus ek= ls egÙkk çkIr ugha gksrhA uke dks
lkekftd Loh—fr çkIr gSA lekt esa mldh igpku bl uke ls gh gS blfy, uke cM+k gSA :i dk lac/a k O;fDr
ls gS fdUrq uke lekt dh lEifÙk gSA lekt us gh mls og uke fn;k gS vkSj lekt mls ml uke ls gh
igpkurk gSA blh dks *lks'ky lsD'ku* ;k lkekftd Loh—fr dgk tkrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ys[kd dk eu
bl o`{k ds ml uke dks tkuus ds fy, O;kdqy gS tks lekt }kjk Loh—r gS rFkk lekt :ih ekuo dh fpr:ih
xaxk esa Luku fd, gq, gSA
fo'ks"k & (i) uke blfy, cM+k gS D;ksfd mls lkekftd Loh—fr izkIr gSA
(ii) rRle ç/kku 'kCnkoyhA

(iii) foospukRed “kSyh dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA

vUrjky Hkkx&2
oLrq fu"B ç'u&
iz% 1 *lwjnkl dh >ksiM+h* dgkuh çsepan ds fdl miU;kl dk va'k gS\
¼v½ xksnku ¼c½ jaxHkwfe
¼l½ deZHkwfe ¼n½ xcu ¼c½
iz% 2 lqHkkxh fdldh iRuh Fkh\
¼v½ HkSjksa dh ¼c½ tx/kj dh
¼l½ lwjnkl dh ¼n½ uk;djke ¼v½
iz % 3a lqHkkxh HkSjksa dh ekj ds Mj ls dgk¡ fNi tkrh gS\
¼v½ [ksr esa ¼c½ esys esa
¼l½ lwjnkl dh >ksiM+h esa ¼n½ dgha ugha ¼l ½
iz% 4 fdl ?kVuk ls lwjnkl dks vkReXykfu gqbZ vkSj og QwV&QwVdj jks;k \
¼v½ >ksiM+h esa vkx yxus ls ¼c½ iSls pysa tkus ls
 Page:54
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

¼l½ pfj= ij ç”u mBkus ls ¼n½ va/ks gksus ds dkj.k ¼l ½

iz% 5 ;g fdlus lkspk fd tc rd lwjs dks #yk,xk] rM+ik,xk ugha rc rd mls pSu ugha feysxkA
¼v½ uk;djke us ¼c½ HkSjksa us
¼la½ tx/kj us ¼n½ lHkh us ¼c½
iz% 6 *fcLdksgj dh ekVh* ikB esa *Hklh.k* “kCn dk lacU/k fdl iq’i ls gS\
¼v½ gjflaxkj ¼c½ pesyh ¼l½ dey ¼n½ xqykc ¼l ½
iz% 7 *NIiu dk dky* fdl o"kZ iM+k\
¼v½ 1856 ¼c½ 1999 ¼l½ 1973 ¼n½ 1899 ¼n ½
iz% 8 *lwjnkl dh >ksaiMh+* dgkuh dk dk eq[; ik= dkSu gS\
¼v½ lwjnkl ¼c½ HkSjksa ¼l½ lqHkkxh ¼n½ tx/kj ¼v½
iz% 9 f{kçk unh }kjk fdlds ik¡o i[kkjs tkrs gS&
¼v½ vksadkjs'oj ¼c½ egkdkys'oj ¼l½ ucZns'oj ¼n½ «iacds'oj ¼c½
iz% 10 xk¡o esa *yw* ls cpus dh nok Fkh&
¼v½ iDds vke dk jl ¼c½ I;kt dk 'kjcr ¼l ½
¼l½ dPps vke dk iuk ¼n½ uhacw dk jl
iz% 11 lwjnkl dh >ksiM+h ls #i;ksa dh FkSyh mBkus o mls tykus dk dke fdlus fd;k \
¼v½ HkSjksa us ¼c½ tx/kj us
¼l½ uk;djke us ¼n½ x.ks'kh us ¼v½
iz% 12 fdlus dgk&;g dSls yxh lwjs] pwYgs esa rks vkx ugha NksM+ nh Fkh \
¼v½ HkSjks us ¼c½ tx/kj us
¼l½ uk;djke us ¼n½ ctjaxh us ¼n ½
iz% 13 ;g fdlus dgk fd D;kA vkt pwYgk BaMk ugha fd;k Fkk \
¼v½ HkSjks us ¼c½ ctjaxh us
¼l½ tx/kj us ¼n½ uk;djke us ¼l ½
iz% 14 ;g fdlus dgk& pwYgk BaMk fd;k gksrk rks] nq'euksa dk dystk dSls BaMk gksrk \
¼v½ ctjaxh us ¼c½ HkSjks us
¼l½ tx/kj us ¼n½ uk;djke us ¼n ½
iz% 15 ;g fdlus dgk& rqe D;k fcxkM+kx
s ]s Hkxoku vki gh fcxkM+ nsx
a sA blh rjg tc esjs ?kj esa pksjh gqbZ Fkh] rks lc
Lokgk gks x;k Fkk&
¼v½ Bkdqjnhu ¼c½ uk;djke
 Page:55
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

¼l½ ctjaxh ¼n½ lqHkkxh ¼v½

iz% 16 ;g fdlus dgk& vUnj rks tk ldrs gks( ij ckgj ugha fudy ldrsA vc pyks vkjke ls lks jgks tks gksuk Fkk]
gks x;kA iNrkus ls D;k gksxk\
¼v½ Bkdqjnhu ¼c½ uk;djke
¼l½ ctjaxh ¼n½ tx/kj ¼c½
iz% 17 ;g fdlus dgk& fd eqgYysokys rqEgsa HkM+dk;sx
a s] ij eSa Hkxoku ls dgrk gw¡ eSa bl ckjs esa dqN ugha tkurk \
¼v½ HkSjks ¼c½ lq;kxh
¼l½ tx/kj ¼n½ ctjaxh ¼l ½
iz% 18 *tks [kqn Hkh [kksp
a k ysdj ?kwedj* de rkSyrk gS] mldk eu vkt lwjs ds iSlksa dks ysdj fopfyr gks jgk Fkk&og gSA
¼v½ Hkwjk ¼c½ tx/kj
¼l½ ukudjke ¼n½ Bkdqjnhu ¼c½
iz% 19 lwjnkl dh >ksiM+h esa vkx yxkus ds ckjs esa dkSu tkurk Fkk \
¼v½ lqHkkxh ¼c½ ctjaxh
¼l½ Bkdqjnhu ¼n½ uk;djke ¼v½
iz% 20 feBqvk fdlds ?kj ls jksrk gqvk pyk vk jgk Fkk \
¼v½ HkSjks ¼c½ tx/kj
¼l½ ctjaxh ¼n½ ?khlw ¼n ½
iz% 21 fdlus dgk fd& ge Hkh lkS yk[k ckj cuk,ax&
s
¼v½ ehBqvk us ¼c½ ?khlw us
¼l½ lwjnkl us ¼n½ ctjaxh us ¼l ½
iz% 22 HkLe Lrwi ds pkjksa vkSj dkSu tek gks x, ftUgksaus ------- ç'uksa ls lwjnkl dks ijs'kku dj fn;k \
¼v½ xzkeh.kksa us ¼c½ ckydksa us
¼l½ vkSjrksa us ¼n½ fdlh us ugha ¼c½
iz% 23 vktdy rks ns[krs gh gks] cYyeVsjksa ds ekjs fcdjh fdruh eanh gSa \ fdlus dgk\
¼v½ HkSjks ¼c½ tx/kj
¼l½ lwjnkl ¼n½ lqHkkxh ¼v½

iz% 24 xk¡o esa vdky ds le; çk—frd liank ds :i esa fo'oukFk f=ikBh us fdls [kkus ;ksX; crk;k gS&
¼v½ dey ddM+h ¼c½ isM+ dh Nky
¼l½ nksuksa gh ¼n½ nksuksa gh ugha ¼v½
 Page:56
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

iz% 25 dey] dksb;k¡] gj flaxkj rksjks] ykSdh] fHk.Mh] HkVdVS;k] beyh] dnac vkfn fdlds uke gS\
¼v½ Qyksa ds ¼c½ Qwyksa ds
¼l½ nksuksa ¼n½ nksuksa gh ugha ¼c½
iz% 26 MksMg+ k etfxnok] /kkfeu] xksagqvu] ?kksj dM+kbp vkfn çtkfr gS&
¼v½ fcPNqvksa dh ¼c½ usoyksa dh
¼l½ lkaiksa dh ¼n½ dhVksa dh ¼l ½
iz% 27 dkSu viuh pksap ls bruh lrdZrk] dkseyrk ls MSuksa ds vanj vaMs fNik ysrh gS\
¼v½ phy ¼c½ cr[k
¼l½ dks;y ¼n½ lkjl ¼c½
iz% 28 fclukFk dk NksVk HkkbZ iSnk gks tkus ls mldk nw/k dV x;k ckn esa mldks fdlus ikyk\
¼v½ ukuh us ¼c½ ekSlh us
¼l½ dlsfju nkb us ¼n½ cqvk us ¼l ½
iz% 29 lqbZ dh Mksjh ls cuh gqbZ dFkjh dks D;k dgrs gSa\
¼v½ xqnM+h ¼c½ lqtuh
¼l½ nksuksa gh ¼n½ nksuksa gh ugha ¼l ½
iz% 30 dey] dksb;k¡ gjflaxkj vkfn iq"i fdl _rq esa Qwyrs gSaA
¼v½ o"kkZ ¼c½ xzh"e
¼l½ gsera ¼n½ 'kjn ¼n ½
iz% 31 HkjHkaMk ;k lR;kuk'kh Qwy dk nw/k ek¡ dc yxkrh Fkh\
¼v½ gìh nnZ gksus ij ¼c½ dku nnZ
¼l½ vk¡[k vkus ij ¼n½ fljnnZ ¼l ½
iz% 32 Qwy f[kys] f[kys Qwy
/kku Qwy] dksnks Qwy
dqVdh Qwy] f[kysA dfork ds dfo gS\
¼v½ fclukFk ¼c½ uoy 'kqDy
¼l½ iar ¼n½ çlkn ¼c½
iz% 33 lcls [krjukd lk¡i dh çtkfr xksagqvu Fkh ftls vkSj fdl uke ls tkurs Fks\
¼v½ ?kksj dM+kbp ¼c½ QsVa kjk
¼l½ /kkfeu ¼n½ MksagM+k ¼c½
iz% 34 pspd ds jksxh ds ikl dkSu Qwy vkSj iÙks j[ks tkrs Fks\
 Page:57
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

¼v½ ihiy ds ¼c½ [kstM+h ds

¼l½ ljlksa ds ¼n½ uhe ds ¼n ½
iz% 35 rrS;k dk Mad fdl Qwy ds lw¡?kus ls >M+ tkrk Fkk\
¼v½ csj dk Qwy ¼c½ gjflaxkj
¼l½ beyh dk Qwy ¼n½ lHkh ¼v½
iz% 36 dVgy fdl _rq dk Qy vkSj rjdkjh gS \
¼v½ lnhZ dk ¼c½ o"kkZ dk
¼l½ xehZ dk ¼n½ lHkh dk ¼l ½
iz% 37 [ksrksa esa ikuh nsus ds fy, tks ukfy;k¡ cukbZ tkrh gS] mUgsa dgrs gSa\
¼v½ cjgk ¼c½ x<+<s
¼l½ jsrh ¼n½ flapkjh ¼v½
iz% 38 fcLdksgj esa fdlds ?kj ds vk¡xu esa twgh yxh Fkh\
¼v½ larks"kh HkS;k ¼c½ tfru HkS;k
¼l½ lkse~ HkS;k ¼n½ lhrw HkS;k ¼v½
iz% 39 lwjnkl dk pfj= gS&
¼v½ bZ’;kZ Hkko okyk ¼c½ çfr'kks/k ysus okyk
¼l½ ijkbZ L=h ij cqjh utjokyk ¼n½ iqufuZek.k eSa fo'oklh ¼n ½
iz% 40 >ksiM+h ls fudyrh Tokykvksa dh rqyuk fdlls dh gS\
¼v½ eafnj ds Lo.kZ dy'k ls ¼c½ ty esa pk¡n ds çfrfcEc ls -
¼l½ v o c nksuksa ¼n½ ygjkrh gqbZ ukfxu ls ¼v½
iz% 41 fcLdksgj esa nsoh dk Qwy ekuk tkrk gS&
¼v½ xqM+gy dk iq"i ¼c½ gjflaxkj iq"i
¼l½ csj dk iq"i ¼n½ uhe dk iq"i ¼v½
iz% 42 ekyok esa ekulwu ds tkus dk eghuk gksrk gSA
¼v½ vxgu ¼c½ Dokj
¼l½ iwl ¼n½ ekxZ'kh"kZ ¼c½
iz% 43 viuk ekyok *[kkÅ mtkMw* lH;rk] ikB çHkkl tks”kh us fy[kk rc budh mez Fkh&
¼v½ 50 o"kZ ¼c½ 60 o"kZ
¼l½ 70 o"kZ ¼n½ 80 o"kZ ¼l ½
iz% 44 fdl unh us ;'koar lkxj dks bruk Hkj fn;k fd 25 lkbQu ,d lkFk pykus iM+s &
 Page:58
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

¼v½ pacy ¼c½ xaHkhj

¼l½ ikoZrh ¼n½ cukl ¼c½
iz% 45 Kku rks if'pe jsul
s ka ds ckn gh vk;k gS&dFku esa Hkko gS&
¼v½ y{k.kk ¼c½ Øks/k
¼l½ {kksHk ¼n½ O;aX; ¼n ½
iz% 46 gkFkhikyk uke D;ksa iM+k\
¼v½ gkFkh ij cSBdj xqtjus ds dkj.k ¼c½ paæHkkxk ds dkj.k
¼l½ Å¡ps LFky ij gksus ds dkj.k ¼n½ gkfFk;ksa dh vf/kdrk ls ¼v½
iz% 47 vksadkjs'okj tkrs le; dkSulk ?kkV vkrk gS\
¼v½ foa/; ?kkV ¼c½ jkuh?kkV
¼l½ ekyok ?kkV ¼n½ jkt?kkV ¼v½
iz% 48 usekoj ds jkLrs gh dsoM+”s oj ls dkSulh unh fudyrh gS\
¼v½ xaHkhjh ¼c½ ikoZrh
¼l½ f”kçk ¼n½ pacy ¼l ½
iz% 49 fiNys 128 lkyksa esa ekyok esa dc 77 bap rd ikuh fxjk Fkk\
¼v½ 1873 ¼c½ 1888
¼l½ 1973 ¼n½ 1956 ¼l ½
iz% 50 Hkkjh ckfj'k ls lks;kchu dh Qly xy xbZ] ysfdu bldh HkjikbZ fdl Qly ls gqbZ\
¼v½ xsgw¡ o pus ¼c½ ljlks o lkSaQ
¼l½ jkxh o mM+n ¼n½ lHkh ¼v½
iz% 51 u;h nqfu;k if=dk dh ykbczsjh esa ikuh ds fjd‚MZ dc ls miyC/k gSa\
¼v½ 1847 ¼c½ 1858
¼l½ 1857 ¼n½ 1878 ¼n ½
iz% 52 ys[kd çHkkl tks'kh unh dks D;k ekurs gSa\
¼v½ ty lzksr ¼c½ ekrk
¼l½ lqyHk lzksr ¼n½ /kjksgj ¼c½
iz% 53 buesa ls nks eq¡gk liZ gksrk gS\
¼v½ etfxnok ¼c½ MksaMgk
¼l½ HkfVgk ¼n½ QaaSVkjk ¼l ½
iz% 54 lcls [krjukd lk¡i ftlds dkV ysus ij vkneh ?kksM+s dh rjg fgufgukdj ejs &
 Page:59
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

¼v½ etfxnok ¼c½ /kkfeu

¼l½ ?kksj dM+kbp ¼n½ QSaVkjk ¼l ½
iz% 55 gtkjh çlkn f}osnh dk dFku D;k ;g lc fcuk fdlh ç;kstu ds gS\ fcuk fdlh mís'; ds gS\ fdl laca/k esa
gS\
¼d½ ek¡ dh eerk ¼c½ fe= dk çse
¼l½ cr[kksa dk ikuh esa rSjuk ¼n½ 'kjn _rq esa gj flaxkj dk f[kyuk ¼v½
iz% 56 ukxnk LVs'ku ij eh.kk th fcuk phuh dh pk; fiykrs Fks] lekpkj Hkh nsrs Fks] fdl dkj.k nq[kh Fks\
¼v½ ikuh fxjus ls ¼c½ pk; de fcdus ls
¼l½ xbZ jkr fctyh fxjus ls ¼n½ xbZ jkr Dokykyaiqj esa Hkkjr ds gkjus ls ¼n ½
y?kq Ù kjkRed ç'u%&
iz% 1 >ksiM+h esa vkx yx tkus ls lwjnkl dks fdl ckr dk nq[k Fkk\ vkSj D;ksa&
mÙkj&mls iksVyh ds ty tkus dk nq[k Fkk D;ksa fd tks mlds thou Hkj dh dekbZ Fkh] tks mldh lkjh ;kruk,¡ vkSj
jpukvksa dk fu"d"kZ FkhA mls nq[k Fkk fd ml iksVyh esa mldk] mlds firjksa dk vkSj mlds uke ysok dk m)kj
lafpr FkkA
iz% 2 lwjnkl iksVyh esa tek iSlksa ls D;k&D;k djuk pkgrk Fkk\
mÙkj&x;k tkdj fiÙkjksa dks fi.Mnku djuk] feBqvk dh lxkbZ dj cgq ?kj ykuk rkfd mldks jksVh vius gkFkksa ls u
cukuh iM+sA
iz% 3 yksxksa ds pys tkus ds ckn Hkh lwjnkl >ksiM+h dh xeZ jk[k esa D;k ikuk pkg jgk Fkk \
mÙkj&yksxksa ds pys tkus ds ckn lwjnkl us lkspk dh iksVyh ty xbZ gksxh ij #i;ksa dh pk¡nh rks dgha] xbZ uk gksxhA
vr% og mu #i;ksa dh pk¡nh ml xeZ jk[k esa <w¡<+ jgk FkkA
iz% 4 tx/kj dks dSls vans'kk gqvk fd >ksiM+s esa vkx&HkSjks us yxkbZ gksxh\
mÙkj&D;ksafd HkSjks us tx/kj ls lwjnkl dks #ykus dh ckrsa dgh Fkh vkSj dgk Fkk fd og vieku dk cnyk vo'; ysxkA
iz% 5 tx/kj HkSjksa dks lwjnkl ds #i;s D;ksa okil ykSVkus dks dg jgk Fkk\
mÙkj&tx/kj eu dk [kksVk vkneh ugha Fkk ij bl le; og HkSjksa ds ikl vpkud vk, brus /ku dks ipk ugha ik jgk
Fkk] og lksp jgk Fkk fd vk/ks #i;s mls fey tk, rks vPNk jgsA
iz% 6 tx/kj HkSjksa dks D;k&D;k dgdj Mjkrk gS fd rqEgsa lwjnkl #i;s okil ykSV k nsus pkfg,\
mÙkj&lwjs dh cM+h elDdr dh dekbZ gSA gte u gksxh] iqfyl idM+ ysxh ;k xjhc gh gk; cM+h tkuysok gksrh gS
vkfn ckrsa dgdj Mjkrk gSA
iz% 7 lqHkkxh fdldks] HkSjksa dk nwljk :i ekurh Fkh vkSj og vius ?kj vc dHkh okil D;ksa ugha tkuk
pkgrh Fkh\
 Page:60
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

mÙkj&tx/kj dksA og vius ?kj blfy, ugha tkuk pkgrh Fkh fd mldk ifr mls ihVrk FkkA t:jr- dh dksbZ Hkh pht
mls ykdj ugha nsrk Fkk rFkk mlus lqHkkxh ds pfj= ij “kd ds dkj.k ls lwjnkl dh >ksiM+h Hkh tyk nh FkhA
iz% 8 lqHkkxh us ;g D;ksa r; fd;k fd og HkSjks ds ?kj gh jgsxh\
mÙkj& tc lqHkkxh dks tx/kj ls ;g lquus dks feyk fd HkSjksa us vkx yxkus ls igys >ksiM+s dh] /kju ls iSlksa dh iksVyh
pqjk yh FkhA nwljh ckr lwjnkl ds psgjs dh vlg~; osnuk dks ns[kk rFkk ;g Hkh lkspk fd esjs gh dkj.k lwjnkl
dks ;g uqdlku gqvk gSA rc mlus HkSjks ds ?kj gh tkus dh ckr dghA
iz% 9 lwjnkl fot; xoZ dh rjax esa jk[k ds <sj dks nksuksa gkFkksa ls D;ksa mM+kus yxk\
mÙkj&igys rks og vius iSlksa ds pys tkus ls rFkk HkSjks }kjk lqHkkxh dks ihVus dh ckr ls uSjk';] Xykfu] fpark vkSj {kksHk
esa Mwck gqvk Fkk ysfdu tc mlds csVs dks ?khlw us fp<+k;k fd [ksy esa jksrs gks rks bl ckr ls mls ,slk yxk fd
fdlh us mldk gkFk idM+dj fdukjs ij [kM+k dj fn;k gksA lwjnkl us ;g Hkh ekuk fd ,d thou Hkh rks
;g [ksy gS blfy, fot; xoZ dh rjax esa mB [kM+k gqvk vkSj nksuks gkFkks ls jk[k mM+kus yxkA
iz% 10 ekyok ds 'kkldksa us ikuh ds j[k&j[kko ds fy, D;k çcU/k fd,\
mÙkj& ikuh ds j[k&j[kko ds egÙo dks le>rs gq, jktkvksa us iBkj ij ikuh dks jksddj j[kus ds mik; fd;sA mUgksus
ikuh laj{k.k ds fy, vusd rkykc cuok,] cM+h&cM+h ckofM+;k¡ cuokbZ] rkfd cjlkr dk ikuh #dk jgs vkSj /kjrh
ds xHkZ ds ikuh dks lqjf{kr j[kk tk ldsA
iz% 11 fclukFk dh ek¡ yw ls cpus ds fy, D;k&D;k djrh Fkh \
mÙkj&/kksrh ;k deht ls xk¡B yxkdj I;kt ck¡/kukA dPps vke dk iUuk xqM+ ;k phuh esa Hkwudj mldks fiykukA mldk
'kjcr nsg esa ysiuk vkSj flj /kksukA
iz% 12 xqyke vyh lkgc dh igkM+h Bqejh dkSulh gS\ ftls lqu fclukFk D;ksa jksus yxrs gSa\-
mÙkj& *vc rks vkoks lktu*&xqyke vyh lkgc dh Bqejh FkhA D;ksafd bls lqudj fclukFk dks vius ls yxHkx
nl&ckjg lky&cM+h og vkSjr tks lqanjh ls de ugha Fkh og vkSjr bl Bqejh dks lquus ls O;kdqy utj vkrh
rks fclukFk jksus yxrs FksA
iz% 13 fcLdksgj esa gqbZ cjlkr dk o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa djks &
mÙkj& fcLdksgj esa cjlkr vpkud ugha vkrh igys dkyh ?kVk Nk tkrh] ckny xjtrs fQj nwj ls vk jgh ?kksMk+ as dh lsuk
dh rjg ckfj'k vkrh fQj fcLdksgj dh /kjrh] floku] vkdk'k fn'kk,¡] rkykc] cw<h+ jkIrh unh fu[kj mBrs FksA
iz% 14 Qwy dsoy xa/k gh ugha nsrs nok Hkh nsrs gSa] dSls\
mÙkj&ys[kd fo'oukFk us crk;k fd muds xkao esa rjg rjg ds iq"i f[kydj xzkeh.k ç—fr dks lqUnjrk çnku djrs
Fks lkFk gh mUgksaus ,d iq"i HkjHkaMs ds ckjs esa crk;k fd mls lR;kuk'kh Hkh dgrs gS ftldk nw/k cPpksa dh vk¡[k
vkus ij ek¡ vk¡[k esa yxk;k djrh FkhA blfy, Qwy dks lqxa/k ds lkFk&lkFk nok nsus okys dgk gSA
iz% 15 igyh ckfj'k esa ugkus ls 'kjhj ds dkSu&dkSu ls jksx feVrs gS \
 Page:61
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mÙkj&igyh ckfj'k esa ugkus ls dbZ jksxksa ls eqfä feyrh gS&tSls%& nkn] [kkt] QksM+k&Qqalh vkfn
iz% 16 o"kkZ _rq esa xzkeh.k D;k&D;k d"V mBkrs gS\
mÙkj& xzkeh.k o"kkZ _rqq esa gj rjQ xanxh] dhpM+ vkSj cncw >syrs gSaA [kkuk cukus dk bZa/ku xhyk gks tkrk gS ftlls
[kkuk cukus esa ijs'kkuh vkrh gSA /kjrh ij tksd
a ] dSpqvk] tqxuw] cksdk] xkst
a j] ePNj] Mk¡l vkfn QSyus yxrs gS
ftlls xzkeh.k yksx ijs'kku gksrs gSaA
iz % 17 ys[ kd dks D;ksa yxrk gS fd ge ftls fodkl dh vkS | ks fxd lH;rk dgrs gS a og mtkM+ dh
vilH;rk gS \
mÙkj&ys[kd dks ,slk blfy, yxrk gS D;ksafd ekuo —f=e fodkl dks gh izkFkfedrk nsus yxk gS vf/kdkf/kd /kuktZu
gh viuk mís'; le>us yxk gS ftlls isM+&ikS/ks dkVdj ç—fr dks uqdlku igqapk;k tk jgk gS rFkk fo"kSyh xSlksa
dk O;kikj dj ç—fr dks mtkM+k tk jgkA blfy, mtkM+ dh vilH;rk dgk gSA
iz% 18 yksd esa NIiu dk dky lquus esa vkrk gS oks dkSulk le; gSA ml le; ekyok dh D;k fLFkfr jgh\
mÙkj&1899 bZ- le; FkkA ml le; ekyok esa 15-75 bap ikuh gh fxjk Fkk ysfdu ekjokM+ ls Hkh yksx vius foifÙk ds
le; esa ;gk¡ vk,a Fks D;ksafd ;gk¡ ihus dk ikuh Fkk rFkk [kkus dks i;kZIr FkkA
iz% 19 vkt ekyok dh lnkuhjk ufn;k¡ vius xkyksa ds vkalw Hkh D;ksa ugha cgk ldrh \
mÙkj&D;ksafd tc yksx ekyok esa izd`fr ekrk ls tqMs+ Fks rks unh ges'kk cgrh FkhA vc yksxksa us LokFkZ ls ç—fr dks rjg&
rjg ds uqd'kku fn, gSa ftlls o"kkZ de gksrh gSA
fuca/ kkRed ç'u&
iz% 1 vk'kk ls T;knk nh?kZthoh vkSj dksbZ oLrq ugha gksrh lwjnkl dh >ksiM+h ikB ds vk/kkj ij Li’V
dhft, \
mÙkj& vk'kk dks vuqdwy vkSj çfrdwy nksuksa ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa nh?kZthoh dgk tkrk gSA D;ksfa d vk'kk O;fä dks dk;Z djus
dh çsj.kk nsrh gS& lwjnkl deZ ls fHk[kkjh Fkk fdUrq mls vk'kk Fkh fd og ,d fnu x;k tkdj firjksa dk fi.Mnku
djsxk] ,d dqvk¡ vkSj eafnj cuok,xkA feBqvk dk fookg djsxkA blh vk'kk ds dkj.k :[kk lw[kk [kkdj
Hkh mlus ik¡p lkS :i;s ls vf/kd jkf'k ,df=r dj yh FkhA
foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh O;fä vk'kkoknh cuk jgrk gSA HkSjksa us 'k=qrk o'k mldh >ksaiM+h esa vkx yxk nsus ij
Hkh lwjnkl dks vk'kk Fkh fd mldh iksVyh mldks fey tk,xh blh dkj.k og jk[k ds <sj dks VVksy jgk FkkA
blfy, vk'kk dks nh?kZthoh dgk tkrk gSA
iz% 2 lwjnkl dh >ksaiMh ikB ds vk/kkj ij lwjnkl dh pkfjf=d fo'ks"krk,¡ fyf[k, \
mÙkj & (i) –f"Vghu ,oa xjhc& lwjnkl –f"Vghu vFkok xjhc gS] og Hkh[k ek¡xdj viuk thou&;kiu djrk gSA
(ii) làn; O;fä& lwjnkl dh ;g làn;rk gS fd og ,d vukFk ckyd feBqvk dk ikyu&iks"k.k viuh larku

dh rjg djrk gSA

 Page:62
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(iii) vkRefo'oklh& lwjnkl vkRefo'oklh gS og fQj ls ?kj cukus vkSj :i;s dekus ij fo'okl j[krk gSA

(iv) lgu”khy& >ksaiM+h esa vkx yx tkus ls mldk lc dqN tydj jk[k gks tkrk gS ij og fQj Hkh lkjh

gkfu /kS;ZiwoZd Lohdkj djrk gSA

(v) cnys dh Hkkouk dh vis{kk iquZfueekZ.k ij vkLFkk&

lwjnkl dh >ksiM+h esa vkx yxk nh fdUrq fQj Hkh og cnys dh vis{kk iqufuekZ.k ij vkLFkk j[krk gSA
iz% 3 HkSjks ds gkFk FkSyh yxus dk irk gksus ij tx/kj dh D;k euksn'kk gqbZ \ mldk fp=.k dhft,A
mÙkj& HkSjks ds gkFk lwjnkl dh :i;s dh FkSyh yxus dk irk gksus ij tx/kj bZ";kkZo'k lkspus yxk fd vc rks
HkSjksa] ekSt mM+k;sxkA iki&iq.; rks dqN Hkh ugha gSA eSa Hkh rks fnu Hkj >wB cksyrk gw¡A de rksyrk gw¡] [kksVs
ckVksa dk mi;ksx djrk gw¡A rsy dh feBkbZ dks ?kh dh dgdj csprk gSA bZeku x¡okus ij Hkh dqN gkFk ugha yxrk
;g tkurs gq, fd ;g cqjk dke gSA ysfdu cky cPpksa dh [kkfrj vuqfpr dk;Z djrk gw¡A blus bZeku [kks;k]
rks dqN ysdj [kks;k] bldk fd;k x;k xqukg csLokn rks ugha gS fQj tx/kj us bZ’;kZiwoZd tkdj lkjh ckr lwjnkl
vkSj lqHkkxh dks crk nhA
iz% 4 fcLdksgj dh ekVh ikB ds vk/kkj ij “kjn _rq izkd`frd NVk dk o.kZu dhft,\
mÙkj&fcLdksgj dh ekVh ikB es o"kkZ ds ckn “kjn _rq dh izkd`frd vkHkk dk o.kZu djrs gq, crk;k x;k gS fd cjlkr
ds ckn fcLdksgj dh /kjrh] floku] vkdk'k] fn'kk,¡] rkykc] cw<h jkIrh unh fu[kj mBrs gSAa /kku ds ikS/ks >weus
yxrs gS] HkqV~V]s pjh lubZ ds ikS/ks] djsys] [khjs dkadj] fHkaMh] rksjh ds ikS/ks fQj yrk,¡A 'kjn esa Qwy & rkykc esa
'kSoky ¼lsokj½ mlesa uhyk ty & vkadk'k dk çfrfcac&uhys ty ds dkj.k rkykc dk ty vxk/k yxrk gSA
rkykcksa dk uhyk çlUu ty ,slk yxrk fd vHkh blesa ls dksbZ nsoh nsork çdV gksxkA 'kjn _rq esa gjflaxkj
ds lQsn Qwy f[ky tkrs gS rFkk lHkh ouLifr;ksa esa fueZy lkSUn;Z vk tkrk gSA jkr ds LoPN vkdk'k esa pk¡nuh
fNVd tkrh gS ,slk –'; cgqr gh euHkkouk yxrk gSA
iz% 5 fcLdksgj dh ekVh ikB dh ewy laosnuk Li"V dhft, \
mÙkj&fcLdksgj dh ekVh ikB dh ewy laosnuk ç—fr ds lkFk ekuo lEca/kksa dh iM+rky djuk gSA thou dh
fLFkfr;k¡ _rq ifjorZu ds lkFk dSls cnyrh gS vkSj xk¡oksa ds yksx çk—frd çdksiksa dk lkeuk fdl rjg djrs
gS rFkk ç—fr tx ls fdl rjg viuk vVwV çse lEcU/k j[krs gSa bu lHkh dh] O;atuk djuk bldk ewy Hkko
gSA bl ikB ls gesa ;g lh[k Hkh feyrh gS fd orZeku le; esa vk/kqfudrk ds dkj.k gesa ç—fr ls nwj ugha
gksuk pkfg,A ç—fr ds lkFk vius ?kfu"B laca/k cuk, j[kus pkfg, vkSj nokb;ksa ds LFkku ij ç—fr ls fufeZr
tM+h&cqfV;ksa dk mi;ksx djuk pkfg,A
iz% 6 fcLdksgj dh ekVh] ikB esa ys[kd us dkS u &dkS u ls izk—frd isM+& ikS / kksa dk vFkkZr ouLifr;ksa dk
o.kZu fd;k gS] vius 'kCnksa esa Li"V dhft,\
mrj& fcLdksgj dh ekVh ikB esa uaxkrykbZ xk¡o dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA blesa dbZ isM&
+ ikS/kksa vFkkZr ouLifr;ksa dk o.kZu
gS&
 Page:63
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dey& uaxkrykbZ xk¡o ds iks[kj esa dey f[kyrs gSA vdky ds le; yksx ¼dey & ddM+h½ [kkrs FksA dey
dk cht dey xV~Bk Hkh vf/kdrj [kk;k tkrk FkkA
dksb;k¡&;g ty esa mRiUu gksrk gS] ftls dqeqn dgrs gSa bls dksdkcsyh ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
iz% 7 fclukFk us viuh ek¡ dh rqyuk cr[k ls D;ksa dh gaS \
mÙkj&fuEu dkj.kksa ls fclukFk us viuh ek¡ dh rqyuk cr[k ls dh gS&
[krjksa ls cpkuk&
ftl çdkj cr[k vius ia[kksa dks QSykdj vius v.Mksa dks nqfu;k dh utjksa ls cpk, j[krh gS mlh
çdkj ys[kd dh ek¡ Hkh <ky cudj vius cPpksa dks cqjh utjksa ls cpkrh gSA
lkFkZdrk vkSj dkseyrk ls ns[kjs[k&
tSls cr[k ek¡ viuh isuh pksp ls lrdZrk cjrrs gq, dkseyrk ls vius v.Mksa dks ia[kksa ds vanj
Nqikrh gS mlh çdkj ekuo ek¡ Hkh vius cPpksa dks MkVrs& ekjrs le; /;ku j[krh gS fd f'k'kq dks uqdlku u igq¡psA
vkus okys [krjs dks Hkk¡iuk&
cr[k ek¡ dh fuxkg lnSo dkSos dh rkd ij jgrh gS ek¡ Hkh cPps ij vkus okys laHkkfor [krjs dks
Hkk¡i ysrh gSA
iz% 8 viuk ekyok ikB esa ewy Hkko D;k gSA ys[kd gesa D;k lans'k nsuk pkgrk gS vkSj vki mldh iwfrZ dSls
dj ldrs gSa\
mÙkj&viuk ekyok ikB esa gesa ;g lh[k feyrh gS fd gesa HkkSfrdrk dh gksM+ esa ç—fr dks uqdlku ugha igq¡pkuk
pkfg,A ,slh txg m|ksx LFkkfir ugha djus pkfg, tgk¡ yksxksa dh clkoV gks D;ksafd ,slk djus ls mu yksxksa
dks foLFkkfir gksuk iM+rk gS vkS j viuh vkthfodk] xaokuh iM+r h gSA ys[ kd us ;gh lUns'k fn;k gS fd
i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ij /;ku fn;k tkos] vf/kd ls vf/kd isM+ yxk;s tk,¡A /kjrh esa ikuh dks jksdus gsrq dq,a]
rkykcksa] ckofM+;ksa dks iqu% [kqnokdj ty lzksr dk /;ku j[kk tkosA
iz% 9 /kjrh dk okrkoj.k xeZ D;ksa jgk gS blesa ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk dh D;k Hkwfedk gS \
mÙkj&(i)okrkoj.k ds xje gksus dk dkj.k&
vkt vkS/kksfxd fodkl ds pyrs ge tks m|ksx /ka/ks] dy&dkj[kkus yxk jgs gS muls okrkoj.k dks
xje djus okyh xSls fudyrh gS ;s xSls okrkoj.k ds rkieku dks c<+k jgh gSA
(ii) ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk dh Hkwfedk&

;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk ns”k le`) ns'kksa dh Js.kh esa vkrs gSa ;s ns'k vius vkS|ksfxd fodkl ds fy,
tks m|ksx LFkkfir djrs gS muls dkcZu&Mkb v‚DlkbM xSls fudyrh gS tks /kjrh ds okrkoj.k dks xje djrh gSA
(iii) bls jksd us ds mik;& bu gkfu;ksa ls cpus ds fy, gesa ç—fr ds fodkl dks lkFk ysdj pyuk gksxkA m|ksxksa

ds fodkl esa ,slk fodYi pquuk gksxk ftlls m|ksxksa dks uqdlku u igq¡psA
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iz% 1 0 Þfuæk voLFkk esa Hkh mipsruk tkxrh gSAÞ iafDr dk vk'k; Li’V dhft,& ¼lwjnkl dh >ksiM+h ikB ds vk/kkj ij½
mÙkj& funzkoLFkk esa Hkh euq"; vopsru efLr"d fØ;k'khy jgrk gS vkus okyh foifÙk ls og euq"; dks lko/kku dj nsrk
gS lwjnkl dh >ksiM+h esa vkx yxus ij muds vopsru us mUgsa ltx dj fn;k vkSj os lHkh tkxdj vkx cq>kus
yx x;s FksA
iz% 11 *ç—fr ltho ukjh cu xbZ* bl dFku ds lanHkZ esa ys[kd dh ç—fr ukjh vkSj lkSUn;Z lEcU/kh ekU;rk,¡ Li"V
dhft,A
mÙkj& fclukFk tc nl o"kZ dk Fkk rc mlus ml vkSjr dks igyh ckj c<+uh esa ,d fj'rsnkj ds ;gk¡ ns[kk Fkk mls ns[kdj
,slk yxk tSls cjlkr dh pk¡nuh jkr esa twgh dh [kq'kcw vk jgh gS ml le; fclukFk larks"kh Hk;k ds ?kj ds vkx¡u
esa twgh csy dks ns[krs FksA mldh [kq'kcw mlds çk.kksa esa clh jgrh FkhA pk¡nuh esa twgh ds lQsn Qwy ,sls yxrs
Fks ekuksa isM+ksa] yrkvksa ij pk¡nuh gh Qwy ds :i esa fn[kkbZ iM+ jgh gksA pk¡nuh Hkh ç—fr Qwy Hkh ç—fr vkSj [kq'kcw
Hkh ç—frA og vkSjr Hkh fclukFk dks twgh dh yrk cuh gqbZ pk¡nuh ds :i esa fn[kkbZ nh ftlds Qwyksa ls lqx/a k vk
jgh FkhA fclukFk us mls vkSjr ds :i esa ugha ns[kk FkkA mlesa fclukFk us ç—fr ds gh ltho :i dks ns[kk FkkA
,slk yxrk Fkk tSls ç—fr us gh ltho gh L=h ,dk :i /kkj.k fd;k FkkA

vfHkO;fDr vkS j ek/;e

cgqf odYikRed iz” u&
(1) Qhpj ys[ku dh 'kq#vkr gksrh gS&
¼v½ chp ls ¼c½ 'kq# ls ¼l½ vUr ls ¼n½ dgha ls Hkh ¼n½
(2) rF;ksa dh [kkst vkSj fo'ys"k.k ij tksj fn;k tkrk gS&
¼v½ Qhpj esa ¼c½ fo'ks"k fjiksVZ esa ¼l½ lekpkj i= esa ¼n½ dksbZ ugha ¼c½
(3) v[kckjksa ds fy, ys[ku çfØ;k gS &
¼v½ vklku ¼c½ eqf'dy ¼l½
¼l½ vklku o eqf'dy nksuksa ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(4) v[kckj dh Hkwfedk D;k gS\
¼v½ ikBdksa dks lwpuk nsuk ¼c½ tkx:d cukuk ¼n½
¼l½ f'kf{kr cukuk ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(5) v[kckj yksdrkfU=d lekt esa Hkwfedk vnk djrs gSa\
¼v½ ,d igjsnkj dh ¼c½ f'k{kd dh ¼n½
¼c½ tuer fuekZrk dh ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(6) fu;fer osruHkksxh deZpkjh dgykrk gS\
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¼v½ Ýhykalj i=dkj ¼c½ iw.kZdkfyd i=dkj ¼c½

¼l½ va'kdkfyd i=dkj ¼n½ dksbZ ugha
(7) i=dkfjrk gS&
¼v½ 'kksp le>dj fy[kk x;k ys[k ¼c½ tYnh esa fy[kk x;k lkfgR; ¼c½
¼l½ fopkj foe”kZ ds vuqlkj ys[k ¼n½ dksbZ ugha
(8) i=dkfjrk dk lEcU/k fdlls gS\
¼v½ rF;ksa ls ¼c½ dYiuk ls
¼l½ lksp&le> ls ¼n½ mi;qZä lHkh ¼v½
(9) v[kckj dh Hkk"kk gksuh pkfg,&
¼v½ ljy ¼c½ lgt ¼n½
¼l½ jkspd ¼n½ lHkh
(10) i=dkjh; ys[ku dh Hkk"kk&'kSyh dSlh gksuh pkfg,&
¼v½ vyadkfjd ¼c½ laL—rfu"B ¼l½
¼l½ vke cksypky dh Hkk"kk ¼n½ eqgkojsnkj
(11) vkerkSj ij v[kckjksa esa lekpkj fy[krs gSa\
¼v½ va'kdkfyd vkSj Ýhykalj i=dkj ¼c½ Ýhykalj vkSj iw.kZdkfyd i=dkj ¼l½
¼l½ iw.kZdkfyd vkSj va'kdkfyd i=dkj ¼n½ buesa ls dksbZ ugha
(12) myVk&fijkfeM 'kSyh dk Hkkx- gS &
¼v½ c‚Mh ¼c½ baVªks eq[kMk ¼n½
¼l½ lekiu ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(13) lekpkj ys[ku dh myVk fijkfeM 'kSyh esa DykbesDl feyrk gS
¼v½ vUr esa ¼c½ 'kq#vkr esa ¼c½
¼l½ chp esa ¼n½ mi;qZä esa ls dksbZ ugha
(14) myVk fijkfeM 'kSyh dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ Fkh&
¼v½ 16 oha lnh esa ¼c½ 17 oha lnh esa ¼n½
¼l½ 10 oha lnh esa ¼n½ 19 oha lnh esa
(15) fuEu esa ls lekpkj ys[ku dh dkSulk ddkj ugha gS\
¼v½ fdruk ¼c½ dgk¡ ¼v½
¼l½ dc ¼n½ D;ksa
 Page:66
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(16) lekpkj ds igys iSjkxzkQ esa fdu ddkjksa dks vk/kkj cukdj [kcj fy[kh tkrh gS\
¼v½ D;k ¼c½ dkSu ¼n½
¼l½ dgk¡ ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(17) Qhpj ys[ku gS&
¼v½ lqO;ofLFkr% ¼c½ vkRefu’B ¼n½
¼l½ l`tukRed ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(18) Qhpj dk mís'; D;k gS&
¼v½ ikBdksa dks lwpuk nsuk ¼c½ euksjatu djokuk ¼n½
¼l½ f'kf{kr djuk ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(19) fuEu esa ls ikBdksa dks rkRdkfyd ?kVukØe ls voxr djkrk gS
¼v½ Qhpj ¼c½ fo”ks’k fjiksZV ¼n½
¼l½ lEikndh; ¼n½ lekpkj i=
(20) fuEu esa ls fdl dh Hkk"kk eu dks Nwus okyh gksrh gS\
¼v½ lEikndh; ¼c½ Qhpj ¼c½
¼l½ [ksy lekpkj ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(21) fuEu esa ls fdls dgkuh ds tfj;s dgk tkrk gS\
¼v½ fo'ks"k fjiksVZ ¼c½ çfrosnu ¼l½
¼l½ Qhpj ¼n½ dksbZ ugha
(22) Qhpj ds çdkj gS&
¼v½ [kkstijd Qhpj ¼c½ lk{kkRdkj Qhpj ¼n½
¼l½ :ikRed Qhpj ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(22) Qhpj ds vkf[kjh fgLls esa fdldh ;kstukvksa ij Qksdl djuk pkfg,&
¼v½ orZeku dh ¼c½ Hkfo"; dh
¼l½ Hkwrdky dh ¼n½ lHkh ¼c½
(23) fuEu esa ls dkSulk çdkj fo'ks"k fjiksVZ dk gS\
¼v½ [kksth fjiksVZ ¼c½ bu MsIFk fjiksVZ
¼l½ fo'ys"k.kkRed fjiksVZ ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼n½
(24) fuEu esa gks Hkz’Vkpkj vkSj vfu;ferrkvksa dks mtkxj djus ds fy,] dkSulh fjikVZ dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS
¼v½ fooj.kkRed fjiksVZ ¼c½ [kksth fjiksVZ ¼c½
¼l½ fo'ys"k.kkRed fjiksVZ ¼n½ bu MsIFk fjiksVZ
 Page:67
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

(25) fdl fjiksVZ ds vUrxZr lwpukvksa vkSj vkadMksa dh xgjh Nkuchu dh tkrh gS
¼c½ bu&MsIFk fjiksVZ ¼c½ [kksth fjiksVZ ¼v½
¼l½ fo'ys"k.kkRed fjiksVZ ¼n½ fooj.kkRed fjiksVZ
(26) fuEu esa ls fopkjijd ys[ku Js.kh esa vkrs gSa&
¼v½ lEikndh; ¼c½ ys[k ¼n½
¼l½ fVIif.k;k¡ ¼n½ lHkh
(27) fuEu esa ls v[kckj dh vkokt fdls dgk tkrk gS&
¼v½ ys[k ¼c½ fVIif.k;k¡
¼l½ lEikndh; ¼n½ fopkjijd ys[k ¼l½
(28) fuEu esa ls dkSulk fopkjijd ys[ku uke ds lkFk ugha Nkik tkrk gS&
¼v½ lEikndh; ¼c½ ys[k
¼l½ fVIif.k;k¡ ¼n½ Qhpj ¼v½
(29) dksbZ ckgj dk ys[kd Fkk i=dkj D;k ugha fy[k ldrk gS\
¼v½ fVIif.k;k¡ ¼c½ Qhpj ¼n½
¼l½ LrEHk ys[k[k ¼n½ lEikndh;
(30) laoknnkrkvksa ds chp dke dk foHkktu ehfM;k dh Hkk"kk esa dgykrk gS&
¼v½ ckbV ¼[k½ chV ¼c½
¼l½ Qhpj ¼n½ dksbZ ugha
(31) fdlh [kkl fo"k; ij lkekU; ys[ku ls gVdj fd;k x;k ys[ku dgykrk gS
¼v½ Qhpj ys[ku ¼c½ LrEHk ys[ku ¼l½
¼l½ fo'ks"k ys[ku ¼n½ dksbZ ugha
(32) fuEu esa ls fo'ks"k ys[ku ds {ks= dkSu ls gSa\
¼v½ vFkZ O;kikj ¼c½ fons”k ¼n½
¼l½ j{kk ¼n½ lHkh
(33) fo'ks"k ys[ku dh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh esa fuEu esa ls dkSulh 'kCnkoyh dke] esa yh tkrh gS
¼v½ rRle 'kCnkoyh ¼c½ vyadkfjd 'kCnkoyh ¼l½
¼l½ rduhdh 'kCnkoyh ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(34) ys[ku ds fy, fdlh fo"k; esa fo'ks"kKrk gkfly djus ds fy, fuEu esa ls D;k djuk pkfg,A
¼v½ mPprj ek/;fed ¼c½ Lukrd
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¼l½ mu fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/kr [kwc iqLrds i<uh pkfg, ¼n½ lHkh ¼n½
(35) dkSulh ik=dkfjrk lkekU; i=dkfjrk dh rqyuk esa dkQh tfVy gksrh gS
¼v½ vkfFkZd i=dkfjrk ¼c½ fQYe i=dkfjrk ¼v½
¼l½ [ksy i=dkfjrk ¼n½ buesa ls dksbZ ugha
(36) [ksy esa fo'ks"kKrk gkfly djus ds fy, fuEu esa ls D;k djuk pkfg,A
¼v½ [ksy esa cuus okys fjd‚MlZ dk irk gksuk pkfg, ¼n½
¼c½ [ksy ds fu;e
¼l½ [ksy dh rduhdh 'kCnkoyh dk Kku
¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(37) dfork D;k gS\ ¼n½
¼v½ laons uk ds fudV ¼c½ eu dks Nwus okyh
¼l½ >d>ksj nsus okyh ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(38) fuEu esa ls dkSulh dyk vU; dykvksa dh rjg fl[kkbZ ugha] tkrh \\
¼v½ laxhr dyk ¼c½ u`R;dyk
¼l½ dfork ¼n½ fp=dyk ¼l½
(39) fuEu esa ls dfork ds ?kVd D;k gS\
¼v½ “kCn ¼c½ fcEc vkSj Nan ¼n½
¼l½ fp=Hkk"kk ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(40) ukVd ds ?kVd dkSu dkSu ls gS\
¼v½ 'kCn ¼c½ laokn ¼n½
¼l½ le; dk ca/ku ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(41) dkSulh fo/kk ukVd ds lcls T;knk fudV gksrh gS\
¼v½ dgkuh ¼c½ dfork
¼l½ ukVd ¼n½ fucU/k ¼c½
(42) fuEu esa ls ukVd dk udkjkRed rRo ugha gS &
¼v½ vlarqf"V ¼c½ NViVkgV
¼l½ mRlqdrk ¼n½ vLohdkj ¼l½
(50) fuUu esa ls dgkuh ds ?kVd dkSu ls gS\
¼v½ dYiuk +¼c½ dFkkud ¼n½
¼l½ ik= ¼n½ mi;qDr lHkh
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vfHkO;fDr vkS j ek/;e

y?kq Ù kjkRed ç'u%&
(1) i=dkjh; ys[ku ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\
mrj& lekpkj ek/;eks a esa dke djus okys i=dkj vius ikBdks a rd lwp uk,¡ igq ¡ pkus ds fy, ys [ ku ds
fofHkUu :iksa tS l s & lEikndh;] Qhpj bR;kfn dk bLrs eky djrs gS a ] bls gh i=dkjh; ys[ ku dgrs
gS a A
(2) Ýhykalj i=dkj D;k gS\
mÙkj& Ýhykalj i=dkj dk lac/a k fdlh [kkl v[kckj ls ugha gksrk gS cfYd og Hkqxrku ds vk/kkj ij fy[krk gSA

(3) v[kckj yksdrkfU=d lekt esa igjsnkj dh Hkwfedk dSls fuHkkrs gS\
mrj& v[kckj yksdrkfU=d lekt ds fy, igjsnkj dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gS D;ksafd blds tfj;s os vla[;
ikBdks dks gj jkst lqcg ns”k nqfu;k vkSj ikl&iM+ksl dh ?kVukvks]a leL;kvksa] eqn~nksa vkSj fopkjksa ls voxr djkrs
gSA

(4) i=dkjh; ys[ku vkSj lkfgfR;d ys[ku esa nks vUrj fyf[k,A
mÙkj& (i) i=dkjh; ys[ku dk lEcU/k okLrfod ?kVukvksa] leL;kvksa] vkSj eqíksa ls gSa tcfd lkfgfR;d ys[ku
dk dYiuk lsA
(ii) i=dkjh; ys[ku dk lEcU/k lelkef;d gksrk gS tcfd lkfgfR;d dk bfrgkl lsA

(5) i=dkjh; ys[ku esa fdl rjg dh Hkk"kk dk bLrseky djuk pkfg,A
mÙkj& i=dkjh;] ys[ku esa vyadkfjd laL—rfu"B Hkk"kk&'kSyh ds ctk; vke cksypky dh Hkk"kk dk bLrseky
fd;k tkuk pkfg, Hkk"kk lkQ&lqFkjh] lh/kh ys fdu çHkkoh gksuh pkfg,A 'kCn ljy vkSj vklkuh ls
le> esa vkus okys gks us pkfg,A

(6) laoknnkrk ;k fjiksVZj fdls dgk tkrk gS\

mÙkj& tks O;fä fdlh LFkku dk lekpkj fy[kdj lekpkj&i=] if=dk vkfn esa Nius ds fy, Hkstrk gks ;k lh/ks
nwjn'kZu ij lekpkj nsrk gSA mls fjiksVZj ;k laoknnkrk dgrs gSaA
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(7) Ng ddkj eq[;r% fdl ij vk/kkfjr gksrs gSa\

mÙkj& çFke pkj ddkj D;k] dkS u ] dc vkS j dgk¡ lw p ukRed vkS j rF;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gks r s gS a tcfd
vfUre nks ddkj dSls vkSj D;ksa fooj.kkRed] O;k[;kRed vkSj fo'kys"k.kkRed igyw ij vk/kkfjr gksrs gSaA

(8) myVk fijkfeM 'kSyh dh ys[ku çfØ;k dks le>kb,&

mÙkj& myVk fijkfeM 'kSyh dks lqfo/kk dh –f"V ls rhu Hkkxksa esa & eq[kMk ¼baVªk½s ] c‚Mh vkSj lekiu esa foHkkftr fd;k
x;k gSA lekpkj ds igys iSjkxzkQ dks eq[kMk] blds ckn ds iSjkxzkQ dks ckWMh rFkk vfUre iSjkxzkQ dks lekiu
dgk tkrk gSA

(9) myVk fijkfeM “kSyh dh rhu fo'ks"krk,¡ fyf[k,A

mÙkj& (i) lcls igys lekpkj dk lcls egÙoiw.kZ rF; fy[kk tkrk gSA
(ii) mlds ckn ?kVrs Øe esa vU; rF;ksa vkSj lwpukvksa dks fy[kk tkrk gSA
(iii) DykbesDl fijkfeM ds çkjEHk esa vkrk gSA

(10) i=dkfjrk vkSj l`tukRed ys[ku esa D;k vUrj gS\

mÙkj& (i) i=dkfjrk dk fj'rk rF;ksa ls gS] tcfd l`tukRed ys[ku dk lEcU/k dYiuk ls gS
(ii) i=dkfjrk vfuok;Z :i ls rkRdkfydrk vkSj vius ikBdksa dh #fp;ksa vkSj t:jrksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj

fy[kk x;k ys[ku gS tcfd l`tukRed ys[ku dkQh gn rd dFkkRed 'kSyh dh rjg gSA

(11) Qhpj ys[ku dh rhu fo'ks"krk,¡ fy[kks &

mÙkj& (i) ledkyhu ?kVuk ;k {ks= fo'ks"k dh eksgd çLrqfr gksrh gSA
(ii) Qhpj 'kSyh dk bLrseky gYds Qqyds] uje vkSj ekuoh; :fp ds lekpkjksa dks fy[kus ds fy, fd;k tkrk

gSA
(iii) ,d vPNs Qhpj ds lkFk QksVks] js[kkadu o xzkfQDl vkfn dk gksuk t:jh gSA

(12) lekpkj ys[ku o Qhpj ys[ku esa vUrj crkb,A

mÙkj& (i) lekpkj myVk fijkfeM 'kSyh esa fy[kk tkrk gS tcfd Qhpj dh 'kq#vkr dgha ls Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
(ii) lekpkj rkRdkfyd ?kVukØe ls voxr djkrk gS tcfd Qhpj esa ,slk ugha gksrkA

(iii) lekpkj ys[ku esa ys[kd vius fopkj ugha fy[k ldrk tcfd Qhpj esa fy[k ldrk gSA

(iv) lekpkj ys[ku esa 'kCn lhek r; gksrh gS tcfd Qhpj esa dksbZ 'kCn&lhek ugha gksrhA
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(13) Qhpj fy[krs le; /;ku esa j[kus ;ksX; ckrksa dks fyf[k,A
mÙkj& (i) Qhpj dks ltho cukus ds fy, mlesa ml fo"k; ls tqM+s yksxksa ;kfu ik=ksa dh ekStwnxh t:jh gSA
(ii) Qhpj dks euksjt
a d gksus ds lkFk&lkFk lwpukRed gksuk pkfg,A
(iii) dgkuh dk vankt ,slk gks fd ikBdksa dks yxs fd os [kqn ns[k vkSj lqu jgs gSaA

(14) Qhpj esa O;fDrRo ds fofHkUu igyqvksa dks dSls mtkxj fd;k tk ldrk gS\
mÙkj& muds dqN djhch yksxksa vkSj mudh miyfC/k;ksa ls okfdQ fo'ks"kKksa ds fnypLi] vkd"kZd vkSj [kkl oäO;ksa
dks m)`r djdss O;fäRo ds fofHkUu igyqvksa dks mtkxj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(15) Qhpj esa fdu ?kVukvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,\
mÙkj& Qhpj esa ,d ;k nks ,slh ?kVukvksa dks is'k fd;k tk ldrk gS tks u flQZ fnypLi vkSj vuwBh gks cfYd mlls
thou ds vge vaxksa ij jks'kuh iM+rh gksA Qhpj dh viuh dksbZ u dksbZ Fkhe vo'; gksA

(16) fo'ks"k fjiksVZ dh rhu fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A

mÙkj& (i) fdlh ?kVuk] leL;k ;k eqn~ns dh xgjh Nkuchu dh tkrh gSA
(ii) egÙoiw.kZ rF;ksa dks bdVBk fd;k tkrk gSA

(iii) rF;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djds urhtks]a çHkkoksa rFkk dkj.kksa dks Li"V fd;k tkrk gSA

(17) [kksth fjiksVZ vkSj bu&MsIFk fjiksVZ esa vUrj fyf[k,A

mÙkj& (i) [kkskth fjikzVZ esa fjiksZVj ekSfyd “kks/k vkSj Nkuchu ds tfj;s ,slh lwpukvkas rFkk rF;ksa dks lkeus ykrs gS
tks lkoZtfud rkSj ij igys ls miyC/k ugha Fkh bu MsIFk fjjiksZV esa lkoZtfud rkSj ij miyC/k rF;ks]a lwpukvksa]
vkadM+ks dh xgjh Nkuchu dh tkrh gSA

(18) fo'ks"k fjiksVZ dks fdl 'kSyh esa fy[kk tkrk gS\ crkb, A
mÙkj& vkerkSj ij fo'ks"k fjiksVZ dks myVk] fijkfeM 'kSyh esa fy[kk tkrk gSA ysfdu dbZ ckj bu fjiksVksZa dks Qhpj
'kSyh esa Hkh fy[kk tkrk gSA ,slh fjiksVZ lkekU; lekpkjksa dh rqyuk esa cM+h vkSj foLr`r gksrh gS vr% :fpdj
cuk, j[kus gsrq fjiksVZ myVk fijkfeM 'kSyh vkSj Qhpj 'kSyh nksuksa dks feykdj Hkh fy[kh tkrh gSA

(19) fo'ks"k fjiksVZ dh Hkk"kk fdl rjg dh gksuh pkfg,\

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mÙkj& fo'ks"k fjiksVZ dh Hkk"kk ljy] lgt vkSj vke cksypky dh gksuh pkfg,A fjiksVZ cgqr foLr`r vkSj cM+h gks rks
mls J`a[kykc) djds dbZ fnuksa rd fdLrksa esa Nkik tkrk gSA

(20) laikndh; ys[ku ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\-

mÙkj& laikndh; ys[ku lEiknd vkSj muds lg;ksfx;ksa }kjk fy[kk tkrk gSA laikndh; dks v[kckj dh viuh
vkokt ekuk tkrk gSA laikndh; ds tfj;s v[kckj fdlh ?kVUkk] eqn~ns izdV djrs gSA ;k leL;k ds izfr
viuh jk; izdV djrs gSA

(21) lEikndh; fy[kus dk nkf;Ro fdl ij gksrk gS\

mÙkj & lEikndh; fy[kus dk nkf;Ro ftl v[kckj esa lEikndh; Nirk gS ml v[kckj esa dke djus okys
lEiknd vkSj muds lg;ksfx;ksa ij gksrk gSA vkerkSj ij v[kckj esa lEiknd gh lEikndh; fy[krs gSa]
ckgj dk ys[kd lEikndh; ugha fy[k ldrkA

(22) ys[k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A

mÙkj& ys[k esa fdlh Hkh fo"k; dks jkspd rjhds ls le>k;k tkrk gSA ys[k lkfgfR;d vkSj lwpukRed nksuksa çdkj
ds gksrs gSaA lHkh v[kckj lEikndh; i`"B ij lelkef;d eqn~nksa ij ofj"B i=dkjksa vkSj fo'ks"kKksa ds ys[k
çdkf'kr djrs gSaA ys[k esa fdlh Hkh fo"k; ij foLrkj ls ppkZ dh tkrh gSA

(23) LraHk vius ys[kdksa ds uke ls D;ksa tkus tkrs gSa\

mÙkj& LraHk dk fo"k; pquus vkSj mlesa vius fopkj O;Dr djus dh LraHk ys[kd dks iwjh% NwV jgrh gSA LraHk
esa ys[kdksa ds vius fopkj vfHkO;ä jgrs gSaA blfy, LrEHk ys[ku vius ys[kdksa ds uke ls tkus tkrs
gS aA

(24) lk{kkRdkj ls vki D;k le>rsa gS\

mÙkj& lk{kkRdkj lkekU;r% nks ;k nks ls vf/kd O;fä;ks a }kjk fdlh fo'ks" k mís'; ls vkeus&lkeus dh x;h
ckrphr dks lk{kkRdkj dgk tkrk gS A mlesa dq N loky&tokc gksr s gSaA ;g ,d çdkj dh ekS f[kd
ç'ukoyh gS ftlesa fdlh O;fDr ds fopkjksa] çfrfØ;kvksa dks tkuk tkrk gS

(25) dkssbZ Hkh lekpkj i= ;k if=dk dc lai.w kZ yxrh gS\-

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mÙkj& tc mlesa fofHkUu fo"k;ksa vkSj {ks=ksa ds ckjs esa ?kVus okyh ?kVukvksa] leL;kvksa vkSj eqn~nksa ds ckjs esa fu;fer
tkudkjh gksA

(26) fo'ks"kh—r fjiksfVaZx ds fy, nks vko';d ckrs fy[kksA

mÙkj& (i) lEcfU/kr fo"k; dh xgjh tkudkjh gksukA
(ii) fjiksfVaZx ls lEcfU/kr Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh dk iwjk vf/kdkj] gksuk pkfg,A

(27) laoknnkrkvksa ds chp dke dk foHkktu dSls fd;k tkrk gS\

mÙkj& mÙkj laoknnkrkvksa ds chp dke dk foHkktu vkerkSj ij mudh fnypLih] vkSj] Kku dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,
fd;k tkrk gSA
(28) chV fjiksfVaZx vkSj fo'ks"kh—r fjiksfVaZx esa D;k vUrj gS\
mÙkj& bu nksu ks a esa lcls egÙoiw .kZ vUrj ;g gS fd] chV fjiks V Z j dks vkerkS j ij viuh chV ls tq M h
lkekU; [kcjs a gh fy[kuh gksr h gS ys f du fo'ks " kh—r fjiksf VaZ x dk rkRi;Z gS fd lkekU; [kcjks a ls
vkxs c<+ d j ml {ks= ;k fo"k; ls tq M h ?kVukvks a ] leL;kvksa dk ckjhdh ls fo'ys " k.k djs a vkS j
ikBdks a ds fy, mldk vFkZ Li"V djus dh dks f 'k'k djs aA

(29) fdlh Hkh {ks= esa fo'ks"k ys[ku djus ds fy, vko';d 'krZ D;k gS\
mÙkj & fdlh Hkh {ks= esa fo'ks"k ys[ ku ds fy, t:jh gS fd ml {ks= ds ckjs esa vkidks T;knk ls T;knk irk
gks] mldh rktk ls rktk lwpuk vkids ikl gks] vki mlds ckjs esa yxkrkj i<+rs gks] tkudkfj;ka
vkSj rF; bdV~ Bs djrs gksa vkSj ml {ks= ls tqM +s yksxksa ls yxkrkj feyrs jgrs gksA

(30) fo'ks"k ys[ku dh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh lkekU; ys[ku ls vyx gS dSls\
mÙkj& fo'ks"k ys[ku vkSj lkekU; ys[ku dh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh esa cqfu;knh QdZ ;g gS fd gj {ks= fo'ks"k dh viuh fo”ks’k
rduhdh “kCnkoyh gksrh gS tks ml fo"k; ij fy[krs gq, vkids ys[ku esa vkrh gSA

(31) fo'ks"k ys[ku dh 'kSyh dSlh gksrh gS\

mÙkj& fo'ks"k ys [ku dh dksb Z fuf'pr 'kS yh ugha gksr h A ysfdu vxj vki vius chV ls tqM +k dksbZ lekpkj
fy[k jgs gSa rks mldh 'kSyh myVk fijkfeM 'kSyh gh gksxhA ysfdu vxj vki lekpkj Qhpj fy[k
jgs gS rks mldh 'kS yh dFkkRed gks ldrh gSA

(32) fo'ks"k ys[ku esa fo'ks"kKrk dSls gkfly dh tkrh gS\

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mÙkj& ftl fo"k; esa ge fo'ks"kKrk gkfly djuk pkgrs gSa mlesa vkidh okLrfod #fp gksuh pkfg,] vki mPprj
ek/;fed ¼$2½ vkSj Lukrd Lrj ij mlh ;k mlls tqMs fo"k; esa i<kbZ djsA mu fo"k;ksa ls lEcfU/kr [kwc
iqLrdss i<uh pkfg,A

(33) lekpkj i= dkSuls lekpkjksa ls laiw.kZ ekuk tkrk gS\

mÙkj& lekpkj i= esa vkfFkZd vkSj [ksy i`"B gks rks gh og lekpkj i= lEiw.kZ ekuk tkrk gS vU;Fkk og lekpkj
i= lEiw.kZ ugha ekuk tkrk gSA

(34) vkfFkZd ekeyksa dh i=dkfjrk lkekU; i=dkfjrk dh rqyuk esa tfVy gksrh gS dSls\
mrj& vkfFkZd ekeyksa dh i=dkfjrk lkekU; i=dkfjrk dh rqyuk esa dkQh tfVy gksrh gS ,slk blfy, D;ksafd vke
yksxksa dks bldh 'kCnkofy;ksa ds ckjs esa Fkk muds eryc ds ckjs esa Bhd ls iÙkk ugha gksrk gSA

(35) i=&if=dkvksa esa [ksyksa ds ckjs esa fy[kus ds fy, /;ku j[kus ;ksX; ckrsa D;k gS\
mÙkj& [ksyksa ds ckjs esa fy[kus okyksa ds fy, t:jh gS fd os [ksy dh rduhd mlds fu;eksa] mldh ckjhfd;ksa vkSj
mlls tqM+h reke ckrksa ls HkyhHkkafr ifjfpr gksA

(36) [ksyksa esa fo'ks"kKrk gkfly dSls dh tk ldrh gS\

mÙkj&[ksyksa esa fo'ks"kKrk gkfly djus ds fy, mlds ckjs esa tkudkjh dk Lrj Å¡pk gksuk pkfg,] mldks bl [ksy
esa cuus okys fjd‚MZ~l ds ckjs esa irk gksuk pkfg,A rc tkdj [ksyksa esa fo'ks"kKrk gkfly dh tkrh gSA

(37) ,d vPNh dfork dh D;k fo'ks"krk gS\

mÙkj& ,d vPNh dfork gesa mls ckj&ckj i<s tkus ds fy, vkeaf=r djrh gSA tc rd vki mlls nwj gS] jgL;e;h
yxsxh] djhc tkrs gh mls ckj&ckj vkSj nsj rd lquus dks th pkgsxkA

(38) dfork vU; dykvksa dh rjg fl[kkbZ D;ksa ugha tk ldrhA

mÙkj& D;ksfa d vU; dykvksa tSls fp=dyk] u`R;dyk buesa cká midj.kksa dh enn yh tkrh gS dfork esa dfo dh
dfBukbZ ;g gksrh gS fd mls Hkk"kk ds mUgha midj.kksa ls dke ysdj dqN fo'ks"k jpuk gksrk gSA

(39) dfork esa fp= Hkk"kk dk D;k egÙo gS\

mÙkj& dfork ds fy, fp= Hkk"kk dh vko';drk ij cy fn;k gS D;ksafd fp=ksa ;k fcEcksa dk çHkko eu ij
vf/kd iM+rk gS A n`”; fcEc vf/kd cks|xE; gksrs gS a D;ksafd ns[kh gq bZ gj pht gesa T;knk çHkkfor
 Page:75
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

djrh gS A

(40) ukVd esa lEiw.kZrk dSls vkrh gS\

mÙkj& lkfgR; dh vU; fo/kk,¡ vius fyf[kr :i esa gh ,d fuf”pr vkSj vfUre :i dks çkIr dj ysrh gS] ogha
,d ukVd vius fyf[kr :i esa flQZ ,d vk;keh gh gksrk gS tc ml ukVd dk eapu gekjs lkeus
vkrk gS rc tkdj mlesa lEiw.kZrk vkrh gSA
(41) ukVd dks n`'; dkO; dh laKk D;ksa nh xbZ gS\
mÙkj& ukVd dks –'; dkO; blfy, dgk x;k gS D;ksafd ukVd dh viuh futh vkSj fo'ks"k ç—fr gS vkSj
og gS mldk –'; :iA tgk¡ lkfgR; dh vU; fo/kk,¡ fy[kus ds i'pkr~ iw .kZ gks tkrh gS ogha
ukVd vius fyf[kr :i ds i'pkr~ tc ukVd dk eapu fd;k tkrk gS rc og iw. kZ gks rk gS A vr%
ukVd ns[kus ds i'pkr~ iw.kZ gksrk gS A

(42) ukVd dk nwljk egÙoiw.kZ vax dkSulk gS\ le>kb, A

mÙkj& ukVd dk nwljk egÙoiw.kZ vax gS& 'kCnA oSls rks lHkh fo/kkvksa ds fy, vko';d gS ijUrq ukVd esa 'kCn dk
fo'ks"k egRo gSA ukVd dh nqfu;k esa 'kCn viuk vyx vkSj fo'ks"k :i xzg.k djrk gS] cksys tkus okys 'kCn
dks ukVd dk 'kjhj dgk x;k gSA ,d vPNs ukVddkj dks de ls de 'kCnksa esa viuh Hkkouk vkSj fopkjksa
dks O;Dr djus dh dyk vkuh pkfg,A

(43) ukVd esa lcVsDLV D;k gS \

mÙkj& ,d lQy ukVd dks detksj ukVd ls tks vyx djrh gS og gS& laoknksa dk vius vki esa of.kZr Fkk fpf=r
u gksdj fØ;kRed gksuk] –';kRed gksuk vkSj fy[ks rFkk cksys tkus okys laoknksa ls Hkh T;knk mu laoknksa ds
ihNs fufgr vufy[ks ,oa vudgs laokn dh vksj ys tkuk] ftUgsa vaxt
zs h Hkk"kk esa lcVsDLV dgk x;k gSA

(44) ukVd dh çeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A

mÙkj & (i) ukVd nwljh fo/kkvksa ls fcYdqy vyx gSA ukVd dks –'; dkO; Hkh dgk x;k gS ukVd dks i<us lquus ds
lkFk ns[kk Hkh tkrk gSA
(ii) ukVd dh jpuk fdlh Hkh dky dh gks ijUrq ukVd lnSo orZeku dky esa gh ?kfVr gksrk gSA
(iii) 'kCn] le;] dF; o laokn vkfn blds eq[; rÙo gSA

(45) dgkuh esa dFkkud dh Hkwfedk dks le>kb,A

 Page:76
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mÙkj& dgkuh dk dsUnzh; fcUnq dFkkud gksrk gS dFkkud dgkuh dk og laf{kIr :i gksrk gS ftlesa çkjEHk ls ysdj
var rd lHkh ?kVukvksa vkSj ik=ksa dk mYys[k fd;k tkrk gSA dFkkud dgkuh dk çkjfEHkd uD'kk gksrk gSA
dgkuh dk dFkkud dgkuhdkj ds eu esa fdlh ?kVuk] tkudkjh] vuqHko ;k dYiuk ds dkj.k vkrk gSA

(46) dgkuh pje mRd"kZ vFkkZr DykbesDl dh vksj fdl çdkj c<+rh gS\
mÙkj& dFkkud ds vuql kj dgkuh pje mRd"kZ vFkkZr DykbesDl dh vksj c<rh gS pje mRd"kZ dk fp=.k
cgqr /;kuiwoZd djuk pkfg, D;ksafd Hkkoksa ;k ik=ks ds vfrfjä pje mRd"kZ ds çHkko dks de dj
ldrh gSA dgkuh dkj dh çfrc)rk ;k mís'; dh iwf rZ ds çfr vfrfjDr vkxzg dgkuh dks Hkk"k.k
esa cny ldrs gS aA

(47) ys[kd dgkuh dk mís'; fdl çdkj fu/kkZf jr djrk gS\

mÙkj& ys[kd dks ,d leL;k@tkudkjh dk lw= feyus ij ys[kd dk /;ku mlds ik=] ifjos'k] O;oLFkkvksa ij
dsfUær gks tkrk gSA rRi'pkr~ og lksprk gS fd dgkuh mls leL;k xzLr ij fy[kuh gSA ifjos'k ij fy[kuh
gS ;k O;oLFkk ij fy[kuh gSA

(48) dFkkud esa }U} D;k egRo gS\\

mÙkj & dFkkud ds cqfu;knh rRoksa esa }U} dk egÙo cgqr vf/kd gSA }U} gh dFkkud dks vkxs c<krk gSA dgkuh
esa }U} nks fojks/kh rÙoksa dk Vdjko fdlh dh [kkst esa vkus okyh ck/kkvksa] vUr}ZU} vkfn ds dkj.k iSnk
gksrk gSA dgkuhdkj vius dFkkud esa }U} ds fcUnqvksa dks ftruk Li"V j[ksxk] dgkuh Hkh mruh gh lQyrk
ls vkxs c<+sxhA

(49) dgkuh dks ukVd esa :ikarfjr djus ds fy, D;k djuk pkfg,A
mÙkj& dgkuh dks ukVd esa :ikarfjr djus ds fy, dgkuh dh foLr`r dFkkoLrq dks le; vkSj LFkku ds vk/kkj
ij foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA

(50) dgkuh dk ukV; :ikarj.k djus ds fy, vko';d ckrs fyf[k,A

mÙkj& (i) u;s fy[ks x;s laokn] dgkuh ds ewy laoknksa ds lkFk esy [kkrs gksA
(ii) laoknksa ds fy[ks tkus dk vkSfpR; gksA

(iii) laokn NksVs] çHkko'kkyh vkSj cksypky dh Hkk"kk esa gksA

(51) u;s vkSj vçR;kf'kr fo"k;ksa ij ys[ku dSls djuk pkfg,A

 Page:77
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
mÙkj& u;s vkSj vçR;kf'kr fo"k; fy[kus okys ds fy, [kqys eSnku dh rjg gksrs gSa mu ij ys[kd viuh cqf)] rdZ ;k
le> ls fy[ksA lkFk gh ;g Hkh /;ku j[kk tk, fd ,sls ys[k dh ftruh vkd"kZd 'kq#vkr gks] fuokZg Hkh oSlk gh
gksA lqlEc)rk dks ,sls ys[ku esa cuk, j[kuk gksrk gSA

fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

ç%1 O;frjsd vyadkj ds y{k.k o mnkgj.k fyf[k,&

mÙkj&tgk¡ dkj.k crkrs gq, mies; dh Js"Brk mieku ls crkbZ xbZ gks ogka O;frjsd vyadkj gksrk gSA vFkkZr~ tgk¡
xq.kkf/kD; ds dkj.k mieku dh rqyuk esa mies; dk mRd"kZ of.kZr gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k&dk ljofj rsfga naM+ e;adw @ pkan dyadh og fudyadwAA
eq[k dh lekurk pUæek ls dSls nwa \ pUæek esa rks dyad gS tcfd eq[k fu"dyad gSA
vU; mnkgj.k& lk/kw Åaps 'kSy le] fdUrq ç—fr lqdqekjA
ç%2 foHkkouk vyad kj dk lax friwoZd y{k.k mnkgj.k fyf[k,
mÙkj&tgka dkj.k ds vHkko esa Hkh dk;Z gks jgk gks ogka foHkkouk vyadkj gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k& fcuq ix pyS lquS fcuq dkuk AA
og ¼bZ'oj½ fcuk iSjksa ds pyrk gS vkSj fcuk dkuksa ds lqurk gS
mnkgj.k& fuUnd fu;js jkf[k;s vkaxu dqVh Nok;A
fcu ikuh lkcqu fcuk] fueZy djsa lqHkk;AA
ç%3 fo'ks"kksfä vyad kj dh ifjHkk’kk mnkgj.k lfgr fyf[k,A
mÙkj&dkj.k ds mifLFkr jgus ij Hkh tc dk;Z dk u gksuk of.kZr fd;k tk;s rc fo”ks’kksfDr vyadkj gksrk gSA ;g foHkkouk
vyadkj dk myVk gSA
mnkgj.k&uhj Hkjs fur çfr jgS] rÅ u I;kl cq>k;kA
ty ls Hkjs jgus ij Hkh bu ¼us=ks½a dh I;kl dHkh cq>rh gh ugha ljLorh rks HkUMkj dh cM+h viwjc ckrA
T;ksa [kjps R;ksa&R;ksa c<+]s fcu [kjpS ?kfV tkrAA
ç%4 ufga ijkx] ufga e/kqj e/kq] ufg fodkl bfg dkyA
vyh dyh gh lkS fca/;ksa] vkxs dkSu goky AA
mi;qZä iafDr esa ç;qä vyadkj dk uke o y{k.k fyf[k,
mÙkj&tgka vçLrqr mieku ds }kjk çLrqr mies; dk cks/k djk;k tk, ogka vU;ksfä vyadkj gksrk gSA
ç%5 ekuohdj.k vyad kj dks le>kb,A
mÙkj&tgka tM+ oLrqvksa ;k ç—fr ij ekuoh; ps"Vkvksa dk vkjksi fd;k tkrk gS] ogka ekuohdj.k vyadkj gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k&(i) Qwy g¡ls dfy;k¡ eqldkbZA
 Page:78
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

(ii) txh ouLifr;ka vylkbZ] dfy;ksa dk eqLdjkuk ;k ouLifr;ksa dk 'khry ty ls eq[k /kksuk ekuoh; ps"Vk,a gSA
ç%6 n`’Vkar vyad kj dks mnkgj.k lfgr le>kb,A
mÙkj&tc nks dFkuksa esa fcEc& çfrfcEc dk Hkko gks vFkkZr igys ,d ckr dgdj fQj mlls feyrh&tqyrh nwljh ckr dgh
tkrh gS ogk¡ –"Vkar vyadkj gksrk gSA tgka mies;] mieku vkSj lk/kkj.k /keZ dk fcEc & çfrfcEc Hkko gksrk gS ogka n`"Vkar
vyadkj gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k& ikih euqt Hkh vkt eq[k ls] jke uke fudkyrs]
ns[kks Hk;adj HksfM+;s Hkh vkt vkalw MkyrsA
ikih yksxksa dh nq"V ço`fÙk dks HksfM+;s ds n`"Vkar }kjk Li’V fd;k x;k gSA
djr djr vH;kl ds] tM+efr gksr lqtkuA
jljh vkor tkr rs] fly ij ijr fulkuAA
ç%7 leklksfä vyadkj ds y{k.k crkrs gq, mnkgj.k fnft,&
mÙkj&tgka laf{kIr mfä esa dqN ,sls fo'ks"k.kksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS fd çLrqr ds o.kZu esa vçLrqr dk Hkh Kku gks] ogk¡
ij leklksfä vyadkj gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k& flU/kq&lst ij /kjk&o/kw vc] rfud ladqfpr cSBh lhA
çy; fu'kk dh gypy Le`fr es]a eku fd, lh] ,sBa h lhAA
ç%8 çrhi vyadkj dk y{k.k lksnkgj.k Li’V dhft,A
mÙkj&çrhi dk vk'k; gS myVk ;k foijhr vFkkZr mies; ds lEeq[k mieku dk frjLdkj fd;k tkrk gS ogka çrhi vyadkj
gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k& lh; cnu le fgedj ukgha
pUnzek lhrkth ds eq[k dh miek ds ;ksX; ugha gSA
dkO; dh 'kksHkk c<+kus okys rRo vyadkj dgykrs gS

dkO; xq.k
jl dks dkO; dh vkRek ekuk tkrk gS
jl ds mRd"kZ esa lgk;d rRoksa dks dkO; xq.k dgk tkrk gSA
vkpk;Z Hkjr eqfu o vkpk;Z n.Mh us dkO; xq.kksa dh la[;k nl ekuh gS lkekU;r% xq.kksa dh la[;k rhu ¼3½ ekuh tkrh
gSA (i) vkst xq.k (ii) ek/kq;Z xq.k (iii) çlkn xq.k

(i) vkst xq.k& vkst 'kCn dk vFkZ gS%& rst] çdk'k] nhIrh tks jpuk lquus okys ds eu esa mRlkg] ohjrk] vkos'k vkfn
tkx`r djus dh {kerk j[krh gS] mls vkst xq.k dgrs gSA
fo'ks " krk,¡ % &
 Page:79
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
(i) blls fpÙk esa fnIrh o vkosx mRiUu gksrk gSA

(ii) blesa f}Ro oxksaZ] la;qä o.kksZ jsQ] i#"k o.kksaZ dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

(iii) yEcs leklksa o ew/kZU; /ofu;ksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

(iv) xkSMh+ jhfr

(v) ohj jl] jksæ jl] ohHkRl jl

(ii) ek/kq ; Z xq . k& ek/kq ;Z 'kCn dk vFkZ gS& 'kgn tS l k ehBk vUr% dj.k dks vkuan ] mYykl ls nz for djus
okyh dks ey e/kqj o.kkZs ls ;qDr jpuk esa ek/kq;Z xq.k gksrk gSA
fo'ks " krk,¡ &
(i) vuqLokj o.kksZ okyk@vuqukfld o.kksZ dh vf/kdrk

(ii) dksey o.kkaZs ls ;qä@dkUr inkoyh ;qDr

(iii) V oxZ ls jfgr

(iv)- vYi lekl ;k lekl dk vHkko

(v) Ük`axkj] 'kkar vkSj d#.k jl

(vi) oSnHkhZ jhfr

(iii) çlkn xq. k& çlkn dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS & çlUurk ftl jpuk esa lqcks/krk] LoPNrk gks vFkkZr~ vFkZ lqurs gh
le> esa vk tk, ,slh jpuk çlkn xq.k ls ;qä ekuh tkrh gSA
fo'ks " krk,¡ % &
(i) vFkZ dh Li"Vrk o lqcks/krk

(ii) ljy] lgt o Hkko O;atd 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx

(iii) 'kCndksf’k; vFkZ

(iv) lHkh jlksa esa fon~;eku

(v) ikapkyh jhfr

dkO; nks"k
jl dk vid"kZ djus okys rÙo dkO; nks"k dgykrs gSaA dkO; nks"k rhu ¼3½ çdkj ds gksrs gS%a &
(i) 'kCn nks"k (ii) vFkZ nks"k (iii) jl nks"k
çeq[ k dkO; nks"k%&
(i) Jqfr dVqRo nks"k%& tks 'kCn lquus esa vfç; yxs rFkk dBksj çrhr gks muds dkj.k dkO; esa Jqfr dVqRo nks"k

vkrk gSA
tc dkO; esa dkuksa dks dVksj ddZ'k yxus okys o.kksaZ] i#"k dBksj o.kksZa dk ç;ksx gks ogka Jqfr dVqRo nks"k gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k& HkRlZuk ls Hkhr gks og cky rc pqi gks x;kA
 Page:80
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
;gka HkRlZuk 'kCn esa Jqfr dVqRo nks"k gSA
(ii) P;qr laL—fr nks"k%&tc dksbZ 'kCn O;kdj.k ds fu;eksa ds fo#) ç;qä gksrk gS rc Hkk"kk ds laLdkj ¼O;kdj.k½

ds fxj tkus ds dkj.k ogk¡ P;qr laL—fr nks"k gksrk gSA

tSls& {k.k Hkj jgk mtkyk esa mtkyk ds LFkku ij mtkys dj nsus ls nks"k dk ifjgkj gks tkrk gSA
(iii) v'yhyRo nks"k%& tgk¡ dkO; esa v'yhy 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx gks ogk v'yhyRo nks"k gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k& yxs Fkwd dj pkVus vHkh & vHkh Jheku !
Fkwd dj pkVuk vHknz çrhr gksrk gSA
(iv) xzkE;Ro nks"k%& lkfgfR;d jpuk esa cksypky ds xzkeh.k “kCnksa dk iz;ksx gksus ij xzkE;Ro nks"k ekuk tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k& ewaM iS eqdqV /kjs lksgr xksiky gSA
;gka flj ds fy, ÞewaMÞ 'kCn dk ç;ksx gqvk gS tks xzkE;Ro nks’k ls ;qä gSA
(v) vçrhRo nks"k%& yksd O;ogkj esa u ç;qä gksus okys 'kkL=h; 'kCnksa dk dkO; esa ç;ksx gksus ij vçrhrRo nks"k
gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k&fo"ke; ;g xksnkojh ve`ru dks Qy nsrA
;gka fo"k 'kCn dk ç;ksx ty ds fy, gksrk gS tks lkekU;r% yksd O;ogkj esa ç;qä ugha gksrkA
(vi) fDy"VRo nks"k% &tgka fdlh 'kCn dk vFkZ rqjUr le>us esa dfBukbZ gks ogka fDy"VRo nks"k gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k& gse lqrk ifr okgu fç;] rqe blesa jrh u Qsj
;gka gse lqrk ifr okgu dk vFkZ lgt gh Kkr ugha gksrkA bldk vFkZ gS& fgeky; dh lqrk vFkkZr ikoZrh ds ifr
f'ko ds okgu vFkkZr~ cSyA
+ (vii) U;wu inRo nks"k%& tgka okD; jpuk esa fdlh 'kCn dh deh jg tkrh gS ogk¡ U;wu inRo nks"k gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k&ikuh] ikod iou çHkq T;ksa vlk/kq R;ksa lk/kq
;gka ty] vfXu] ok;q vkSj jktk cqjs o Hkys ds lkFk leku O;ogkj djrs gSA fdUrq leku O;ogkj 'kCn dks ;gka NksM+
fn;k x;k gSA
(viii) vf/kd inRo nks"k%& tgka dkO; esa vuko';d 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tk,] ogka vf/kd inRo nks"k gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k& iq"i ijkx esa jaxdj Hkzej xqtjrk gSA
iq"i “kCn dk ç;ksx O;FkZ gS D;ksafd ijkx dh mRifÙk iq"i esa- gksrh gS vU;= ugha
(ix) vØeRo nks"k%& tc okD; esa 'kCn dk Øe okD; jpuk dh –f"V ls nwf"kr ;k vuqfpr gks] ogk¡ vØeRo nks"k
gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k& fo'o esa yhyk fujUrj dj jgs gS ekuohA
;gka ekuoh 'kCn yhyk ls igys ç;qä gksuk pkfg,A
(x) nq"ØeRo nks"k%& tgka 'kkL= vFkok yksd ds fo#) Øe gksrk gS ogka nq"ØeRo nks"k ekuk tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k& pkrd] eksj] pdksj lph gS ikol ds vuqjkaxhA
 Page:81
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;gka pkrd dks ikol ¼o"kkZ _rq½ dk vuqjkxh dgk tkuk yksd ijEijk ds fo#) gS D;ksfa d og pUæek dk vuqjkxh gSA
(xi) iqu#fä nks"k%& tc vFkZ dh iqu#fä gks vFkkZr tc ogh ckr nwljs 'kCnksa }kjk fQj dgh tk, rc iqu#fä

nks"k gksrk gSA

mnkgj.k&dksey opu lHkh dks Hkkrs] vPNs yxrs e/kqj opuA
;gka vPNs yxrs] lHkh dks Hkkrs dk gh vFkZ crkrk gS rFkk dksey opu o e/kqj opu Hkh ogha vFkZ n”kkZrs gS vr% vPNs
yxrs e/kqj opu ls iqu#ä nks"k gqvk gSA

dkO; xq.k] nks"k] Nan] vyadkj

fn;s x, fjä LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,
iz% 1 loS;k Nan ds ----------------- Hksn ekus tkrs gSA
mÙkj&¼11½
iz% 2 xhfrdk Nan esa dqy ---------------------- pj.k gksrs gS rFkk çR;sd pj.k esa------------------ek=k,¡ gksrh gSA
mÙkj&¼4] 26½
iz% 3 jksyk vkSj mYykyk Nanksa ds esy ls -----------------Nan curk gSA
mÙkj&¼NIi;½
iz% 4 oa'kLFk Nan ds çR;sd pj.k esa ------------------- o.kZ gksrs gSA
mÙkj&¼12½
iz% 5 loS;k ------------------Nan gSA
mÙkj&¼of.kZ d ½
iz% 6 æqrfoyfEcr Nan esa ------------------ pj.k gksrs gSA
mÙkj&¼4½
iz% 7 ek=k x.kuk ds vk/kkj ij Nan ds --------------------------Nan dgykrk gSA
mÙkj&¼ekf=d½
iz% 8 dfoÙk Nan ds çR;sd pj.k esa --------------- o.kZ gksrs gSaA
mÙkj&¼31½
iz% 9 ;fr] xfr] x.k] ek=k] rqd vkfn Nan ds ------------------ dgykrs gSA
mÙkj&¼va x ½
iz% 10 rhu o.kksaZ ds lewg dks ----------------------- dgrs gSaA
 Page:82
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

mÙkj&¼x.k½
iz% 11 NIi; Nan dk lEcU/k -------------------- Nan&oxZ ls gSA
mÙkj&¼ekf=d½
iz% 12 Nan esa y?kq o.kZ dk ladsr fpg~u ,oa xq: o.kZ dk ladsr fpg~u ----------- gksrk gSA
mÙkj&¼IS ½
iz% 13 ohj jl ç/kku jpuk esa ------------------ xq.k çeq[k gksrk gSA
mÙkj&¼vks t ½
iz% 14 ek/kq;Z xq.k dk ç;ksx --------------- vkSj ----------------- jlksa dh vfHkO;fDr ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
mÙkj&¼Ük` a x kj] d:.k½
iz% 15 vkst xq.k esa ------------------- o.kksaZ dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA
mÙkj&¼i#"k] la; q D r] f}Ro½
iz% 16 xkSM+ çns'k ds dfo ---------------------- xq.k dk ç;ksx fd;k djrs FksA
mÙkj&¼vks t ½
iz% 17 dksey o.kksaZ ls ;qDr jpuk esa ----------------- xq.k gksrk gSA
mÙkj&¼ek/kq ; Z ½
iz% 18 jl dk vid"kZ djus okys rRo ------------------- dgykrs gSA
mÙkj&¼dkO;&nks " k½
iz% 19 dkj.k ds mifLFkr jgus ij Hkh tc dk;Z dk u gksuk of.kZr gks ------------- ogk¡ vyadkj gksrk gSA
mÙkj&¼fo'ks " kks f Dr½
iz%20 ----------------foHkkouk vyadkj dk myVk gksrk gSA
mÙkj&¼fo'ks " kks f Dr½
iz% 21 dkj.k u gksus ij Hkh ;fn dk;Z laiUu gks jgk gks rks ogk¡ ---------------------- vyadkj gksrk gSA
mÙkj& foHkkouk
iz% 22 dkj.k lfgr mies; dk mRd"kZ tgka fn[kk;k tk, ogk¡ --------------------------- vyadkj gS
mÙkj&O;frjs d
iz% 23 tgk¡ laf{kIr mfDr ds }kjk çLrqr vkSj vçLrqr dk vFkZ cks/k gksrk gS ogk¡ ------------- gksrk gSA
mÙkj&leklks f Dr
iz% 24 tgk¡ fdlh vU; ds ek/;e ls dqN dgk tk, ogk¡ -------------------- vyadkj gksrk gSA
mÙkj&vU;ks f ä
 Page:83
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iz% 25 lqur tqxy dj eky mBkbZA

çse foo'k ifgjkb u tkbZA
iafä esa vyadkj gS
mÙkj&fo'ks" kksf Dr
iz% 26 dkO; nks"k ------------------------ çdkj ds gksrs gS
mÙkj&rhu
iz% 27 dkO; esa x¡ok: 'kCnksa ds ç;ksx ds dkj.k ---------------------ekuk tkrk gSA
mÙkj&xz k E;Ro
iz% 28 defyuh dqy cYyHk dh çHkk ------------------- Nan dk pj.k gSA
mÙkj&nz q r foyafcrA
iz% 29 tgk¡ vFkZ ds ek/;e ls dkO; esa peRdkj mRiu gksrk gks ogk¡ ------------------------ gksrk gSA
mÙkj&vFkkZ y ad kj
iz% 30 fdj.k /ksuqvksa dk lewg ;g vk;k va/kdkj pjrk iafä esa ------------------ dkO; xq.k gSA
mÙkj&ek/kq ;Z xq. k
iz% 31 Nan ds pj.kksa dh vafre /ofu dh lekurk dks --------------------- dgrs gSA
mÙkj& rqdcanh
iz% 32 O;frjsd vyadkj esa mieku dh vis{kk ----------------dk mRd"kZ fn[kk;k x;k gSA
mÙkj&mies ;
iz% 33 of.kZd Nanksa esa ------------------- dh x.kuk dh tkrh gSA
mÙkj&o.kksaZ
iz% 34 Hkkjrh; dkO;'kkL= esa dkO; dh 'kksHkk c<+kus ds fy,----------------------- dks vko';d ekuk gSA
mÙkj& vyad kj
iz % 35- iq"i ijkx ls jaxdj Hkzej xwatkjrk gS iafä esa -------------------nks’k gSA
mÙkj& vf/kd inÙo nks"k
iz% 36 yksd O;ogkj esa ç;qä u gksus okys 'kkL=h; 'kCnksa dk dkO; esa ç;ksx djus ij ------------------ nks"k ekuk tkrk
gS
mÙkj&vçrhRo nks"k
iz% 37 NIi; Nan esa pj.k ------------------- gksrs gSaA
mÙkj& N%
 Page:84
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vifBr x|ka'k
vifBr x|ka'k 1
fdlh Hkh ns'k dh çxfr vkSj fodkl esa f'k{kk dk vge ;ksxnku gksrk gSA ,d lk{kj O;fä u dsoy vius thou
dks lq/kkjrk gS] cfYd lekt dks Hkh mUufr dh fn'kk esa ys tkrk gSA gkykafd] f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk esa vlekurk vkSj
lalk/kuksa dh deh ds dkj.k fodkl dh xfr ckf/kr gksrh gSA xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa f'k{kk dk Lrj 'kgjh {ks=ksa dh rqyuk
esa dkQh ihNs gSA f'k{kdksa dh deh] cqfu;knh lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko] vkSj tkx:drk dh deh blds eq[; dkj.k gSAa
ljdkj us bl fn'kk esa dbZ ;kstuk,¡ ykxw dh gS]a tSls fd feM&Ms ehy ;kstuk vkSj fMftVy f'k{kk vfHk;ku] ysfdu
bu ;kstukvksa dk lgh fØ;kUo;u vkt Hkh ,d cM+h pqukSrh cuk gqvk gSA
ç'u%
1- çxfr vkSj fodkl esa fdldk vge ;ksxnku gksrk gS\
2- xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa f'k{kk dk Lrj D;ksa ihNs gS\
3- f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk esa vlekurk dk D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\
4- ljdkj us f'k{kk lq/kkj ds fy, dkSu&dkSu lh ;kstuk,¡ ykxw dh gS\
5- f'k{kk esa lq/kkj dh fn'kk esa lcls cM+h pqukSrh D;k gS\
6- bl x|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
mÙkj%&
1- f'k{kk dk vge ;ksxnku gksrk gSA
2- f'k{kdksa dh deh] cqfu;knh lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko vkSj tkx:drk dh deh ds dkj.kA
3- ;g fodkl dh xfr dks ckf/kr djrk gSA
4- feM&Ms ehy ;kstuk vkSj fMftVy f'k{kk vfHk;kuA
5- ;kstukvksa dk lgh fØ;kUo;uA
6- f'k{kk vkSj fodklA
vifBr x|ka'k 2
tyok;q ifjorZu vkt fo'o ds fy, ,d xaHkhj leL;k cu pqdk gSA rkieku esa yxkrkj o`f)] Xysf'k;jksa dk fi?kyuk]
leqæ dk c<+rk Lrj vkSj vfu;fer ekSle pØ blds çeq[k ladsr gSaA vkS|ksfxd xfrfof/k;ksa] taxyksa dh dVkbZ vkSj
thok'e bZa/ku ds vR;f/kd mi;ksx us bl leL;k dks vkSj xgjk dj fn;k gSA tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkj.k u dsoy
i;kZoj.k ij] cfYd —f"k] ty lalk/ku vkSj tuLokLF; ij Hkh çfrdwy çHkko iM+ jgk gSA gkykafd] fo'o ds dbZ ns'k
bl pqukSrh ls fuiVus ds fy, fofHkUu le>kSrs vkSj ;kstuk,¡ cuk jgs gSa] ysfdu budk çHkkoh fØ;kUo;u vkt Hkh
,d dfBu dk;Z gSA
 Page:85
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ç'u%
1- tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkSu&dkSu ls çeq[k ladsr gS\\
2- bl leL;k dks c<+kus esa dkSu&dkSu ls dkj.k 'kkfey gSa\
3- tyok;q ifjorZu dk i;kZoj.k ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\
4- —f"k ij tyok;q ifjorZu dk D;k çHkko iM+ jgk gS\
5- ns'k bl pqukSrh ls fuiVus ds fy, D;k ç;kl dj jgs gSa\
6- bl x|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
mÙkj%&
1- rkieku esa o`f)] Xysf'k;jksa dk fi?kyuk] leqæ dk c<+rk Lrj vkSj vfu;fer ekSle pØA
2- vkS|ksfxd xfrfof/k;k¡] taxyksa dh dVkbZ vkSj thok'e bZa/ku dk vR;f/kd mi;ksxA
3- i;kZoj.k vlarqfyr gks tkrk gSA
4- —f"k mRiknu çHkkfor gksrk gSA
5- fofHkUu le>kSrs vkSj ;kstuk,¡ cukukA 6- tyok;q ifjorZu dh pqukSrhA
vifBr x|ka' k&3
i<+kbZ vkSj [ksy&dwn nksuksa dk thou esa leku egRo gSA i<+kbZ ls tgk¡ gesa Kku vkSj dfj;j esa lQyrk
feyrh gS] ogha [ksy&dwn ls gekjk 'kjhj LoLFk jgrk gS vkSj ge vuq'kklu
o Vhe odZ lh[krs gSaA
vktdy Nk= dsoy i<+kbZ ij /;ku dsfa ær dj jgs gSa] ftlls mudk 'kkjhfjd fodkl çHkkfor gks jgk gSA
[ksy&dwn ls ekufld ruko Hkh de gksrk gSA fo|ky;ksa esa [ksyksa dks vfuok;Z
djuk vkSj Nk=ksa dks çksRlkfgr djuk vkt ds le; dh t:jr gSA ,d vPNk
fo|kFkhZ og gS tks i<+kbZ vkSj [ksy&dwn ds chp larqyu cuk, j[krk gSA
ç'u%
1- i<+kbZ vkSj [ksy&dwn dk thou esa D;k egRo gS\
2- [ksy&dwn ls gesa D;k&D;k ykHk feyrk gS\
3- vktdy Nk=ksa dk 'kkjhfjd fodkl D;ksa çHkkfor gks jgk gS\
4- fo|ky;ksa esa [ksy&dwn dks vfuok;Z djus dh D;k vko';drk gS\
5- ,d vPNs fo|kFkhZ dh igpku D;k gS\
6- bl x|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
mÙkj%&
1- i<+kbZ Kku vkSj dfj;j esa lQyrk nsrh gS] [ksy&dwn 'kjhj dks LoLFk j[krk gSA
 Page:86
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2- 'kkjhfjd LokLF;] vuq'kklu vkSj Vhe odZA
3- dsoy i<+kbZ ij /;ku dsafær djus lsA
4- Nk=ksa dk 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld fodkl lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,A
5- tks i<+kbZ vkSj [ksy&dwn ds chp larqyu cuk,A
6- i<+kbZ vkSj [ksy&dwn dk egRoA
vifBr x|ka' k&4
iqLrdsa euq"; dh lcls vPNh fe= gksrh gSaA ;s gesa Kku nsrh gSa] gekjk ekxZn'kZu djrh gSa vkSj dfBu le;
esa gesa çsfjr djrh gSaA vPNh iqLrdsa gekjs O;fäRo dk fodkl djrh gSa vkSj gesa lgh
fn'kk esa lkspus ds fy, çsfjr djrh gSAa vktdy baVjusV vkSj eksckby ds nkSj esa
iqLrdksa dk egRo de gksrk tk jgk gS] tks ,d fparktud ckr gSA iqLrd i<+ u s dh
vknr u dsoy gekjh Hkk"kk lq/kkjrh gS] cfYd gekjh dYiuk'kfä dks Hkh le`) djrh gSA Nk=ksa dks jkstkuk
dqN le; iqLrdksa ds fy, vo'; fudkyuk pkfg,] rkfd os viuh lksp dks vkSj vf/kd jpukRed cuk ldsaA

ç'u% 1- iqLrdksa dks euq"; dk lcls vPNk fe= D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
2- vPNh iqLrdksa dk gekjs O;fäRo ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\
3- vktdy iqLrdksa dk egRo D;ksa de gks jgk gS\
4- iqLrd i<+us dh vknr dk D;k ykHk gS\
5- Nk=ksa dks iqLrdksa ds fy, le; fudkyus dh D;k lykg nh xbZ gS\
6- bl x|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
mÙkj%&
1- D;ksfa d ;s gesa Kku] ekxZn'kZu vkSj çsj.kk nsrh gSaA
2- ;g gekjs O;fäRo dks fodflr djrh gSa vkSj lgh fn'kk esa lkspus ds fy, çsfjr djrh gSaA
3- baVjusV vkSj eksckby ds dkj.kA
4- ;g Hkk"kk lq/kkjrh gS vkSj dYiuk'kfä dks le`) djrh gSA
5- rkfd os viuh lksp dks jpukRed cuk ldsaA
6- iqLrdksa dk egRoA

vifBr i|ka'k
vifBr i|ka' k&1
tks u gksb vuqjkx fcuq] lks Je c`Fkk Je tkuqA
djb u çse i;ksf/k dgq¡] i;j ikgu çokuqAA
 Page:87
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Hkxfr ghu xqu X;ku fQfj] djb u fpÙk çdklA
cj"kr ckfjn ckfj fcuq] —f"k dks gksb u uklAA
jke Hkxfr efu mj clgq] tsfg rs cjuh tkbA
clb ew<+ eu ekg tsfg] rsfg çdkl dr ukbAA
ç'u%
1- vuqjkx ds fcuk fd, x, dk;Z dk D;k ifj.kke gksrk gS\
2- iRFkj dh uko D;k ugha dj ldrh\
3- HkfDr ds fcuk Kku dk D;k gksrk gS\
4- jke HkfDr dh rqyuk fdlls dh xbZ gS\
5- ew<+ eu esa D;k ugha gksrk gS\
6- bl i|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
mÙkj&
1- vuqjkx ¼çse½ ds fcuk fd;k x;k dk;Z O;FkZ dk Je gSA tSls dksbZ Hkh dk;Z fcuk yxu vkSj çse ds lQy ugha
gksrk] oSls gh ;g Je Hkh fu"Qy gksrk gSA
2- iRFkj dh uko çse :ih leqæ dks ikj ugha dj ldrhA ;g ,d çrhdkRed dFku gS tks n'kkZrk gS fd dBksj
ân; okyk O;fä çse dk vuqHko ugha dj ldrkA
3- HkfDr ds fcuk xq.k vkSj Kku fpÙk dks çdkf'kr ugha dj ldrsA tSls fcuk ty ds ckny —f"k dks u"V dj
nsrs gSa] oSls gh HkfDrghu Kku O;FkZ gSA
4- jke HkfDr dh rqyuk ef.k ¼jRu½ ls dh xbZ gS] tks ân; esa cldj thou dks çdkf'kr djrh gSA
5- ew<+ eu esa çdk'k ugha gksrk gSA vFkkZr vKkuh O;fDRk ds eu esa Kku dk çdk'k ugha gksrkA
6- *HkfDr dk egRo* vFkok *jke HkfDr dh efgek*
vifBr i|ka' k&2
eS;k eksjh eSa ufga ek[ku [kk;ksA
[;ky ijS ;k esjs eu esa] czt ds ckyu fl[kk;ksAA
nsf[k&nsf[k rsjh prqjkbZ] eksfg cgqr fjlk;ksA
[kkstfr fQjfr uan dh jkuh] dgk¡ yqdk;ks tk;ksAA
ek[ku&feljh rsjs vkxs] eSaus dcgq¡ u p[kk;ksA
lwjnkl çHkq fxfj/kj ukxj] tlqefr eu Hkk;ksAA
ç'u%
1- Jh—".k ek¡ ;'kksnk ls D;k dg jgs gSa\
2- czt ds ckydksa us D;k fd;k\
 Page:88
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3- ;'kksnk dh prqjkbZ ns[kdj Jh—".k dh D;k çfrfØ;k gS\

4- Jh—".k us ek[ku vkSj feJh ds ckjs esa D;k dgk\
5- *uan dh jkuh* fdls dgk x;k gS vkSj os D;k dj jgh gSa\
6- bl i|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
mÙkj&
1- Jh—".k ek¡ ;'kksnk ls dg jgs gSa fd mUgksua s ek[ku ugha [kk;k gSA os viuh funksZf"krk çdV dj jgs gSaA
2- czt ds ckydksa us Jh—".k dks fl[kk;k gS fd os bl rjg dh ckr dgsaA ;g cky lqyHk prqjkbZ dk o.kZu gSA
3- Jh—".k dks ek¡ ;'kksnk dh prqjkbZ ns[kdj cgqr Øks/k vk jgk gSA
4- Jh—".k dgrs gSa fd mUgksaus ;'kksnk ds lkeus dHkh ek[ku&feJh ugha p[kh gSA
5- *uan dh jkuh* ;'kksnk ekrk dks dgk x;k gS vkSj os Jh—".k dks [kkstrh fQj jgh gSaA
6- *cky —".k dh prqjkbZ* vFkok *ek[ku pksj dh yhyk*
vifBr i|ka' k&3
thou dh vkik/kkih esa] dc od~r feyk]
dqN nsj dgha ij cSB dHkh ;g lksp ldw¡A
tks fd;k] dgk] ekuk] mlesa D;k cqjk HkykA

ftl fnu esjh fprk tysxh] D;k lpeqp eSa ty tkšxk\

;k fQj LoIuksa ds ihNs ls] nkSM+ nkSM+ jg tkšxk\

tks ?kVk] lgs] th;k] Hkksxk] mlesa dqN Hkh ;kn jgsxk\
;k fQj og lc Le`fr dh rjg] {k.kHkj esa feV tk,xk\
ç'u% 1- dfo us *thou dh vkik/kkih* ls D;k rkRi;Z fy;k gS\
2- *tks fd;k] dgk] ekuk] mlesa D;k cqjk Hkyk* dfo D;k lkspuk pkgrs gSa\
3- fprk tyus ds lanHkZ esa dfo us dkSu lk ç'u mBk;k gS\
4- LoIuksa ds ihNs nkSM+us ls dfo dk D;k vfHkçk; gS\
5- dfo dks thou dh ?kVukvksa ds Lej.k esa D;k langs gS\
6- bl i|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
mÙkj%&
1- thou dh O;Lrrk vkSj HkkxnkSM+A
2- dfo ;g lkspuk pkgrs gSa fd muds dk;ksZa esa D;k vPNk ;k cqjk FkkA
3- dfo us ;g ç'u mBk;k gS fd fprk tyus ds ckn D;k og iwjh rjg lekIr gks tk,axAs
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4- thou ds liuksa ds ihNs Hkkxrs jg tkukA

5- dfo dks lansg gS fd thou dh ?kVuk,¡ Le`fr ls feV tk,¡xhA
6- thou dh vkik/kkihA
vifBr i|ka' k&4
;g ç—fr&yksd gS LoIulq/kk]
;g fuR;&ç'kkUr lqj/kke gSA
;g iq.;&ifo= ç.k;çHkk]
txrh dh e/kqj eqLdku gSA

;g fo'o&ç—fr dk iq.; ;K]

T;ksfreZ; ltho vj?kku gSA
;g lc thou dk lR;&dkO;]
lq[k&nq[k dk lqUnj xku gSA
ç'u%&1- dfo us ç—fr dks fdl :i esa of.kZr fd;k gS\
2- *LoIulq/kk* vkSj *lqj/kke* ls dfo dk D;k vfHkçk; gS\
3- ç—fr dks *T;ksfreZ; ltho vj?kku* D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
4- dfo us *lq[k&nq[k dk lqUnj xku* fdls dgk gS\
5- ç—fr dk thou ds lR; ls D;k lac/a k crk;k x;k gS\
6- bl i|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
mÙkj%&
1- ç—fr dks dfo us e/kqj vkSj 'kkafriw.kZ crk;k gSA
2- LoIulq/kk ls dfo dk rkRi;Z ç—fr dh lqanjrk vkSj lqj/kke ls 'kkafr gSA
3- ç—fr dks *T;ksfreZ; ltho vj?kku* blds thounkf;uh Lo:i ds dkj.k dgk x;k gSA
4- dfo us lq[k&nq[k ds vuqHko dks thou dk lqUnj xku dgk gSA
5- ç—fr dks dfo us thou ds lR; vkSj ;FkkFkZ ls tksMk+ gSA
6- ç—fr vkSj lR;A

iz ” Uk% fuEufyf[kr fo’k;ksa ij 400 “kCnksa esa fuac/k rS; kj djsa&

1- vkradokn ,d oSf”od leL;k 2- i;kZoj.k laj{k.k le; dh ekax
3- esj k fiz; lkfgR;dkj 4- 21oha lnh dk Hkkjr
 Page:90
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mPp ek/;fed ijh{kk] 2025

uewuk ç'u i=
fo"k; & fgUnh lkfgR;
le;% 03 ?kUVs 15 feuV iw.kkaZd% 80
ijh{kkkfFkZ ;ksa ds fy;s lkekU; funsZ' k%&
1- loZçFke vius ç'u i= ij ukekad vfuok;Zr% fy[ksaA
2- lHkh iz”u gy djuk vfuok;Z gSA
3- çR;sd ç'u dk mÙkj nh xbZ mÙkj iqfLrdk esa fy[ksaA
4- ftu ç”uksa esa vkUrfjd [k.M gSaA muds mÙkj ,d lkFk fy[ks A
5- mÙkj fy[kus ls iwoZ ç'u dk Øekad vo'; fy[ksaA
[k.M&v
oLrq fu"B ç'u&
iz% 1 fuEufyf[kr oLrqfu"B ç'uksa ds mÙkj viuh mÙkj iqfLrdk esa fyf[k,&
(i) ÞeSaus ns[kk] ,d cwa¡nÞ dfork esa dfo us cw¡n dh fdl fo'ks"krk dks crk;k gS\
¼v½ {k.kHkaxqjrk ¼c½ ped ¼l½ rjyrk ¼n½ ltyrk ¼1½
(ii) fn'kk dfork dk lEcU/k gS&
¼v½ f'k{kk euksfoKku ¼c½ fn'kkvksa ls
¼l½ cky euksfoKku ¼n½ vk/;kRe ¼1½
(iii) in rqylh dh dkSulh jpuk ls fy, x, gS&
¼v½ dforkoyh ¼c½ nksgkoyh ¼l½ xhrkoyh ¼n½ jkepfjrekul ¼1½
(iv) *xk¡/kh] usg: ;kLlsj vjkQkr ikB dh fo/kk D;k gS\
¼v½ dgkuh ¼c½ fjiksrkZt ¼l½ laLej.k ¼n½ ;k=ko`rkar ¼1½
(v) tkx:d turk ds çrhd dkSu gS\
¼v½ [kSjkrh] jkew] fNn~nw ¼c½ jktk] 'kadj] fNn~nw
¼l½ 'kadj] Hkqou] jke~ ¼n½ vke turk vkSj jktk ¼1½
(vi) *tgk dksbZ okilh ugha* fueZy oekZ }kjk jfpr ;k=ko`ÙkkUr fdl laxzg ls fy;k x;k gS\
¼v½ jk[k dh ygj ¼c½ /kqa/k ls mBrh /kqu
¼l½ gj okfjl esa ¼n½ pksMksa ij pk¡nuh ¼1½
(vii) mYVk fijkfeM 'kSyh ds Hkkx gS\
 Page:91
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¼v½ b.Vªks ¼c½ ckWMh ¼l½ lekiu ¼n½ mi;qZä lHkh ¼1½
(viii) Hkkjrh; ijEijk esa ukVd fdl çdkj dk dkO; gS\
¼v½ JO; dkO; ¼c½ –'; dkO; ¼l½ fefJr dkO; ¼n½ paiw dkO; ¼1½
(ix) ukVd fo/kk fdl dky esa ?kfVr gksrh gS\
¼v½ orZeku ¼c½ Hkfo";dky ¼l½ Hkwrdky ¼n½ lHkh esa ¼1½
(x) lekpkj ys[ku esa çeq[k ddkj gksrs gSa\
¼v½ rhu ¼c½ pkj ¼l½ ik¡p ¼n½ N% ¼1½
(xi) fcLdksgj esa nsoh dk Qwy ekuk tkrk gS&
¼v½ xqM+gy dk iq"i ¼c½ csj dk iq"i ¼l½ gjflaxkj iq"i ¼n½ uhe dk iq"i ¼1½
(xii) gkFkhikyk uke D;ksa iM+k\
¼v½ gkFkh ij cSBdj xqtjus ds dkj.k ¼c½ pUæHkkek ds dkj.k
¼l½ Åaps LFky ij gksus ds dkj.k ¼n½ gkfFk;ksa dh vf/kdrk ls ¼1½
(xiii) ;g fdlus dgk&pwYgk BaMk fd;k gksrk rks] nq'euksa dk dystk dSls BaMk gksrk\
¼v½ ctjaxh us ¼c½ HkSjksa us ¼l½ tx/kj us ¼n½ uk;djke us ¼1½
(xiv) fdlus dgk fd&ge Hkh lkS yk[k ckj cuk,axs &
¼v½ ehBqvk us ¼c½ ?khlw us ¼l½ lwjnkl us ¼n½ ctjaxh us ¼1½
(xv) lqbZ dh Mksjh ls cuh gqbZ dFkjh dks D;k dgrs gS\
¼v½ xqnM+h ¼c½ lqtuh ¼l½ nksuksa gh ¼n½ nksuksa gh ugha ¼1½
iz% 2 fjä LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,&
(i) rhu o.kksZa ds lewg dks --------------------------------------- dgrs gSA ¼1½
(ii) jksyk vkSj mYykyk Nanks ds esy ls -------------------------------------- Nan curk gSA ¼1½
(iii) vkst xq.k esa --------------------------- o.kksaZ dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA ¼1½
(iv) jl dk vid"kZ djus okys rRo ----------------------- dgykrs gSA ¼1½
(v) ----------------------- foHkkouk vyadkj dk myVk gksrk gSA ¼1½
(vi) dkO; dh 'kksHkk c<+kus okys miknku -------------------------- dgykrs gSaA ¼1½
iz% 3 fuEufyf[kr vifBr x|ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, ç'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& ¼6½
ty gh thou gS ;g okD; u dsoy ,d dgkor gS] cfYd lPpkbZ Hkh gSA i`Foh ij thou dk vk/kkj ty gh gSA
ty dk mi;ksx u dsoy ihus ds fy,] cfYd —f"k] m|ksx vkSj ?kjsyw dk;ksaZ esa Hkh gksrk gSA ijUrq ty dk nq#i;ksx
vkSj çnw"k.k ,d xaHkhj leL;k cu x;k gSA dbZ LFkkuksa ij ty ladV xgjkrk tk jgk gSA ;fn ty dk laj{k.k
u fd;k x;k] rks vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa dks Hkh"k.k ty ladV dk lkeuk djuk iM+ ldrk gS blhfy, gesa ty laj{k.k
 Page:92
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ds mik;ksa dks viukuk pkfg,] tSls ty dk iqu% mi;ksx] o"kkZ ty laxzg.k] vkSj ty çnw"k.k jksdus ds fy, l[r
dne mBkukA
(i) ty thou dk vk/kkj D;ksa gS\

(ii) ty dk mi;ksx fdu&fdu dk;ksaZ esa gksrk gS\

(iii) ty ladV D;ksa xgjkrk tk jgk gS\

(iv) ;fn ty dk laj{k.k u fd;k x;k] rks D;k gksxk\

(v) ty ladV ls cpus ds fy, dkSu&dkSu ls mik; viukus pkfg,\

(vi) çLrqr x|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd D;k gksxk\

iz% 3 fuEufyf[kr vifBr i|ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, ç'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& ¼6½
thou vewY; gS] bls O;FkZ u x¡okvksA
lRdekasZ dk ekxZ viukvksA
lR; vkSj /keZ dh jkg pyksA
>wB] yksHk vkSj Øks/k ls cpks
tks cksvksx]s ogha ikvksxAs
la?k"kksZ ls er Mjuk /kS;Z j[kksA
thou dks çse vkSj lsok ls ltkvksA
(i) thou dks fdl çdkj O;FkZ u x¡aokus dh lykg nh xbZ gS\

(ii) lR; vkSj /keZ dk egRo D;ksa crk;k x;k gS\

(iii) la?k"kksZ ls Mjus dh ctk; D;k djuk pkfg,\

(iv) *tks cksvksx]s ogha ikvksx*s dk D;k vFkZ gSA

(v) i|ka'k esa >wB] yksHk vkSj Øks/k ls D;ksa cpus dks dgk x;k gS\

(vi) çLrqr i|ka'k dk mfpr “kh"kZd D;k gksxk\

[k.M&c
funsZ'k & ç'u la[;k 5 ls 15 rd çR;sd ç'u ds fy, vf/kdÙke “kCn lhek 40 “kCn gSA
iz% 5 *<sys pqu yks* dgkuh dk çfrik?k Li"V dhft, \ ¼2½
iz% 6 dgkuh esa ys[kd us 'ksj dks fdldk çrhd crk;k gS\ ¼2½
iz% 7 *eSaus fut nqcZy in&cy ij] ¼2½
mlls gkjh&gksM+ yxkbZA
& iafä dk Hkko &lkSUn;Z fyf[k,A
iz% 8 Jhjke ds v'oksa dh rqyuk fdlls dh xbZ xbZ gS vkSj D;ks\ ¼2½
 Page:93
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

iz% 9 fdl ?kVuk ds dkj.k lwjnkl dh cnukeh gksrh gS\ ¼2½

iz% 10 *Mx&Mx jksVh] ix&ix uhj* ;g mfDr fdlds ckjs esa dgha xbZ gS\ vkSj D;ks\ ¼2½
iz% 11 vU;ksfDr vyadkj dks mnkgj.k lfgr le>kb,\ ¼2½
iz% 12 ?kukuUn ;k fueZy oekZ dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fyf[k,A ¼2½
iz% 13 dgkuh fdls dgk tkrk gS\ ¼2½
iz% 14 izeq[k tulapkj ek/;eksa ds uke fy[krs gq, fiz.V ek/;e dh nks fo”ks’krk,a fyf[k,& ¼2½
iz% 15 ehfM;k dh Hkk’kk es *chV* dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\ ¼2½
[k.M&l
funsZ”k%&fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 60 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
ç%16 *dU;s] xr deksaZ dk viZ.k dj] djrk eSa rsjk riZ.k* & mDr dFku esa fNih dfo dh osnuk dks Li"V dhft,& ¼3½
vFkok
*lsg fifjfr vuqjkx c[kkfuv fry&fry uwru gks,a*& iafDr dk dkO; lkSUn;Z Li"V dhft,A
ç%17 laofn;k dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij *gjxksfcu* dk pfj=&fp=.k dhft,A ¼3½
vFkok
*thuk Hkh ,d dyk gS* dqVt ikB ds vk/kkj ij fl) dhft,A
ç%18 *ç—fr ltho ukjh cu xbZ* bl dFku ds lanHkZ esa ys[kd dh ç—fr] ukjh vkSj lkSUn;Z lEcU/kh ekU;rk,¡ Li"V
dhft,A ¼3½
vFkok
*;g Qwl dh jk[k u Fkh] mldh vfHkyk"kkvksa dh jk[k FkhA* lwjnkl dh D;k&D;k vfHkyk"kk,¡ Fkh vkSj mudh jk[k
dSls gks xbZ\
[k.M& n
ç%19 fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A ¼5½
ftl edku esa ls os fudys Fks] og HkkjrsUnqth dk FkkA eSa cM+h pkg vkSj dqrwgy dh n`f"V ls dqN nsj rd ml
edku dh vkSj vksj u tkus fdu&fdu Hkkoukvksa esa yhu gksdj ns[krk jgkA ikBdth esjh ;g Hkkoqdrk ns[k cM+s
çlUu gq, vkSj cgqr nwj esjs lkFk ckrphr djrs gq, x,A HkkjrsUnqth ds edku ds uhps dk ;g ân;& ifjp;
cgqr 'kh?kz xgjh eS=h esjs ifj.kr gks x;kA lksyg o’kZ dh voLFkk rd igqaprs&igqaprs leo;Ld fgUnh&çsfe;ksa
dh ,d [kklh e.Myh eq>s fey xbZA
vFkok
[kkrs&[kkrs laHko dks ;kn vk;k] vk'khoZpu dh nq?kZVuk rks ckn esa ?kVh FkhA og dkSj gkFk esa fy, cSBk jg x;kA
mldh vk¡[kksa ds chp vkxs dqN ?k.Vs igys dk lkjk –"; ?kwe x;kA iqtkjh dk og ea=ksPpkj tSlk ifo= mn~xkj
 Page:94
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

*lq[kh jgks] Qwyks&Qyks] lkjs euksjFk iwjs gksAa tc Hkh vkvks lkFk gh vkukA yM+dh dk fpgq¡duk] fNVddj nwj [kM+s
gksuk] ?kcjkgV esa pIiy Hkh Bhd ls u igu ikuk vkSj vkxs c<+ tkukA
iz% 20 fuEufyf[kr i|ka”k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A
¼5½
iwl tkM+ ?kj?kj ru dk¡ikA lq#t tM+kbZ yad fnfl rkikAA
fcjg ckf< Hkk nk#u lhÅ A d¡fi d¡fi ejkSa ysfg gfj thÅ AA
dar dgk¡ gks ykxksa fg;jSA iaFk vikj lw> ufga fu;jsa AA
lkSj lqisrh vkoS tqM+hA tkugq¡ lst fgoapy cw<hAA
vFkok
tSls cgu *nk* dgrh gS
,sls fdlh c¡xys ds fdlh r: ij dksbZ fpfM+;k dqÅdh
pyrh lM+d ds fdukjs yky ctjh ij pqjeqjk, ik¡o rys
Å¡ps r:oj ls fxjs
cM+s&cM+s fi;jk, iÙks
dksbZ Ng cts lqcg tSls xje ikuh ls ugkbZ gks &
f[kyh gqbZ gok vkbZ] fQjdh&lh vkbZ] pyh xbZA
,sls] QqVikFk ij pyrs pyrsA
dy eSaus tkuk fd olar vk;kA
iz% 21 fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij yxHkx 400 'kCnksa esa fuca/k fyf[k,A
¼6½
¼1½ i;kZoj.k laj{k.k% le; dh ek¡x ¼2½ vkLFkk dk çrhd% egkdqEHk%
¼3½ ;fn eSa ç/kkuea=h gksrk ¼4½ lekpkj&i=ksa dk egÙo
 Page:95
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

mPp ek/;fed ijh{kk] 2025

uewuk ç'u i=&2
fo"k; & fgUnh lkfgR;
le;% 03 ?kUVs 15 feuV iw.kkaZd% 80
ijh{kkkfFkZ ;ksa ds fy;s lkekU; funsZ' k%&
1- loZçFke vius ç'u i= ij ukekad vfuok;Zr% fy[ksaA
2- lHkh iz”u gy djuk vfuok;Z gSA
3- çR;sd ç'u dk mÙkj nh xbZ mÙkj iqfLrdk esa fy[ksaA
4- ftu ç”uksa esa vkUrfjd [k.M gSaA muds mÙkj ,d lkFk fy[ks A
5- mÙkj fy[kus ls iwoZ ç'u dk Øekad vo'; fy[ksaA
[k.M&v
iz% 1 cgqfodY;kRed ç'u% ¼1 ls 15 rd½ (1x15=15)

(i) *lwjnkl dh >ksaiM+h* dgkuh dk eq[; ik= dkSu gS\

¼v½ HkSjksa ¼c½ tx/kj ¼l½ lqHkkxh ¼n½ lwjnkl
(ii) HkSjks dks mdlkus esa eq[; Hkwfedk fdldh Fkh\
¼v½ tx/kj ¼c½ lqHkkxh ¼l½ uk;djke ¼n½ Bkdqjnhu
(iii) *dksb;k¡* fdls dgrs gSa\
¼v½ dqeqn dks ¼c½ dey dks ¼l½ gjflaxkj dks ¼n½ Hklh.k dks
(iv) lcls [krjukd lk¡i ftlds dkV ysus ij vkneh ?kksMs+ dh rjg fgufgukdj esjs \
¼v½ /kkfeu ¼c½ ?kksj dMkbp ¼l½ etfxnok ¼n½ QSaVkjk
(v) [kkÅ&mtkMw lH;rk esa çeq[k nsu fdldh gS\
¼b½ Hkkjr ¼c½ vesfjdk ¼l½ ikfdLrku ¼n½ phu
(vi) vkfndky vkSj HkfDrdky ds laf/kdfo ekus tkrs gS\
¼v½ rqylhnkl ¼c½ tk;lh ¼l½ fo|kifr ¼n½ ?kukuUn
(vii) fuEu esa ls dkSulh jpuk rqylhnkl dh ugha gS\
¼v½ fou;if=dk ¼c½ dforkoyh ¼l½ jkepfjrekul ¼n½ in~ekor
(viii) *nsolsuk dk xhr* çlkn ds fdl ukVd ls fy;k x;k gS\
¼v½ LdUnxqIr ¼c½ pUæxqIr ¼l½ vtkr'k=q ¼n½ /kqozLokfeuh
(ix) fdl eqfu dks *dqVt* dgk x;k gS\
¼v½ okfYefd ¼c½ fo”okfe= ¼l½ of'k"B ¼n½ vxLR;
(x) *nwljk nsonkl* 'kh"kZd dgkuh ds jpukdkj gS\
 Page:96
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¼v½ pUæ/kj 'kekZ xqyjs h ¼c½ eerk dkfy;k

¼l½ fueZy oekZ ¼n½ Q.kh'ojukFk js.kw
(xi) *lk>k* y?kqdFkk esa iw¡thifr oxZ dk çrhd gS&
¼v½ 'ksj ¼c½ fdlku ¼l½ gkFkh ¼n½ vU; tkuoj
(xii) lekpkj ys[ku dh lcls çpfyr 'kSyh dkSulh gS\
¼v½ mYVk fijkfeM 'kSyh ¼c½ lh/kk fijkfeM 'kSyh
¼l½ fooj.kkRed 'kSyh ¼n½ foospukRed 'kSyh
(xiii) ,d lqO;ofLFkr] l`tukRed vkSj vkRefu"B ys[ku dgykrk gS\
¼v½ LrEHk ys[ku ¼c½ vkys[k ¼l½ Qhpj ¼n½ fjiksVZ
(xiv) i=dkj ds çdkj gksrs gSa&
¼v½ iw.kZdkfyd ¼c½ va'kdkfyd ¼l½ Ýhykalj ¼Lora=½ ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(xv) ukVd dk lcls egRoiw.kZ vax dkSulk gksrk gS\
¼v½ dFkkud ¼c½ pfj=&fp=.k ¼l½ ns'kdky ¼n½ laokn
ç-2 fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, & ¼ i ls vi ½ (1×6=6)

(i) ftl dkO; jpuk dks i<+us ls ikBd ;k Jksrk dk fpÙk nzfor gks mBrk gS] mls ---------------- xq.k dgrs gSaA
(ii) fpÙk esa rqjra O;kIr gksus okyh jpuk dks --------------- xq.k dgrs gSaA
(iii) dfor NUn ds çR;sd pj.k eas ------------------ o.kZ gksrs gSaA
(iv) gfjxhfrdk ------------------------ le Nan gSA
(v) --------------------------- vyadkj miek vyadkj dk myVk gksrk gSA
(vi) tgk¡ dkj.k u gksus ij Hkh dk;Z lEiUu gks ogk¡ --------------------------- vyadkj gksrk gSA
iz% 3 fuEufyf[kr vifBr x|ka'k dks i<dj iwNs x, ç'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,& (1x6=6)

thou esa lQyrk çkIr djus ds fy, /kS;Z] vuq'kklu vkSj ifjJe dk cgqr egRo gSA vDlj yksx dsoy HkkX;
ij fuHkZj jgrs gSa vkSj ifjJe ls cprs gSaA ysfdu ;g lR; gS fd fcuk ifjJe ds dksbZ Hkh O;fDr vius thou
esa vkxs ugha c<+ ldrkA egkiq#"kksa dk thou bl ckr dk lk{kh gS fd os vius dBksj ifjJe vkSj vuq'kklu
ds dkj.k gh lQyrk dh Å¡pkb;ksa rd igqapsA fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks iw.kZ djus ds fy, vkRefo'okl vkSj /kS;Z dk
gksuk vko';d gSA vlQyrk ls ?kcjkus ds ctk;] mls vius vuqHko dk fgLlk ekuuk pkfg,A lQyrk mUgh
dks feyrh gS tks dHkh gkj ugha ekurs vkSj vius ç;klksa dks fujarj tkjh j[krs gSaA
(i) lQyrk çkIr djus ds fy, fdu ckrksa dks vko';d crk;k x;k gSA

(ii) HkkX; vkSj ifjp; esa ls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ D;k gS\

(iii) egkiq#"kksa dh lQyrk dk dkj.k D;k gS\

 Page:97
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25
(iv) vlQyrk dks fdl çdkj ns[kuk pkfg,\

(v) ifjJe dk gekjs thou ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\

(vi) mi;qZDr x|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd nhft,A

iz% 4 fuEufyf[kr vifBr i|ka'k dks i<dj iwNs x, ç'uksa ds mrj fyf[k, & (1x6=6)

fgeky; ds pj.kksa esa clk

gfjr ouksa dk xku lqukrk]
fueZy ty/kkjk dh Hkk"kk]
ç—fr dk vuqie :i fn[kkrkA
tgk¡ lwjt dh igyh fdj.k
/kjrh dks pwe dj txkrh]
tgk¡ if{k;ksa dk e/kqj xku]
lalkj dks lans'k lqukrhA
ikou] fueZy] LoPN /kjk]
;g Hkkjr dh iq.; /kjkA
(i) i|ka'k esa dkSu&lh /kjk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\

(ii) *gfjr ouksa dk xku* ds ek/;e ls dfo D;k dguk pkgrk gS\

(iii) *fueZy ty/kkjk dh Hkk"kk* dk D;k vFkZ gS\

(iv) lw;Z dh igyh fdj.k dk D;k çHkko crk;k x;k gS\

(v) if{k;ksa dk e/kqj xku fdl lans'k dks O;Dr djrk gS\

(vi) mi;qZDr i|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd nhft,A

[k.M&c
funsZ'k& ç'u la[;k 5 ls 15 rd çR;sd ç'u ds fy, vf/kdre 'kCn lhek 40 “kCn gSA
ç-5 *ckyd cp x;k* y?kq fuca/k dk ewy çfrik?k Li"V dhft,A ¼2½
ç-6 dqVt ds ek/;e ls gesa D;k lans'k fn;k x;k gS\ ¼2½
ç-7 *fn'kk* dfork dk ewy Hkko fyf[k,\ ¼2½
ç-8 ek?k eghus ds vk/kkj ij ukxerh dh fojg n'kk dk o.kZu dhft,A ¼2½
ç-9 ÞQwy dsoy xa/k gh ugha nsrs nok Hkh djrs gSÞ dSls\ *fcLdksgj dh ekVh* ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb,A ¼2½
ç-10 *gekjh vkt dh lH;rk bu ufn;ksa dks vius xans ikuh ds ukys cuk jgh gSA* D;ksa vkSj dSls\ *viuk
ekyok&[kkÅ &mtkMw lH;rk esa ikB ds vk/kkj ij fyf[k,A ¼2½
ç-11 vkst xq.k dks mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft,A ¼2½
 Page:98
“ks[ kkokVh fe”ku&100 l=& 2024-25

ç-12 i=dkj fdrus çdkj ds gksrs gSa\ la{ksi esa fyf[k,A ¼2½
ç-13 myVk fijkfeM 'kSyh D;k gS\ le>kb;sA ¼2½
ç-14 ukVd ds çeq[k rRoksa dks la{ksi esa fyf[k,A ¼2½
ç-15 lw;Zdkar f=ikBh *fujkyk* vFkok jkepUæ 'kqDy dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; fyf[k,A ¼2½
[k.M&l
funsZ'k& fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 60 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
ç-16 *olar vk;k* dfork dh ewy laosnuk vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
vFkok
*eSa tkuÅ¡ fut ukFk lqHkkÅ* esa jke ds LoHkko dh fdu fo'ks"krkvksa mYys[k fd;k x;k gS\ ¼3½
ç-17 *'ksj* y?kqdFkk esa fufgr O;aX; dks Li"V dhft,A ¼3½
vFkok
*;kLlsj vjkQkr dk O;fäRo lgtrk] ljyrk rFkk lsokHkko ls vksrçksr FkkA* xk¡/kh] *usg: vkSj ;kLlsj vjkQkr*
ikB ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft,A
ç-18 *vk'kk ls T;knk nh?kZthoh dksbZ oLrq ugha gksrhA* iafDr ds vk/kkj ij lwjnkl dh euksn'kk dk o.kZu dhft,A ¼3½
vFkok
*ç—fr ltho ukjh cu xbZ* bl dFku ds lUnHkZ esa ys[kd dh ç—fr] ukjh vkSj lkSan;Z lEcU/kh ekU;rk,¡ Li"V
dhft,A
[k.M&n
ç-19 fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A ¼5½
vc laHko us xkSj fd;k] fcYdqy ogh daB] ogh mykguk] ogh vanktA iqyd ls mldk jkse&jkse f[ky mBkA gs
bZ'ojA mlus dc lkspk Fkk euksdkeuk dk ekSu mn~xkj bruh 'kh?kz 'kqHk ifj.kke fn[kk,xkA
yM+dh us vkt xqykch ifj/kku ugha] iguk Fkk ij lQsn lkM+h esa ykt ls xqykch gksrs gq, mlus ealk nsoh
ij ,d vkSj pqujh p<kus dk ladYi ysrs gq, lkspk] Þeuksdkeuk dh xk¡B Hkh vn~Hkqr] vuwBh gS] b/kj ck¡/kks m/kj
yx tkrh gS----AÞ
vFkok
/keZ ds jgL; tkuus dh bPNk çR;sd euq"; u djs tks dgk tk, ogh dku <ydkdj lqu ys] bl lR;;qxh er
ds leFkZu esa ?kM+h dk –"Vkar cgqr rkfy;k¡ fiVokdj fn;k tkrk gSA ?kM+h le; crykrh gSA fdlh ?kM+h ns[kuk
tkuus okys ls le; iwN yks vkSj dke pyk yksA ;fn vf/kd djks rks ?kM+h ns[kuk Lo;a lh[k yks] fdUrq rqe pkgrs
gks fd ?kM+h dk ihNk [kksydj ns[ksa] iqtsZ fxu ysa &mUgs [kksydj fQj tek ns]a lkQ djds fQj yxk ysa & ;g
rqels ugha gksxkA rqe mlds vf/kdkjh ughaA ;g rks osn'kkL=K /kekZpk;ksZa dk gh dke gS fd ?kM+h ds iqtZs tkusa]
rqEgs blls D;k \ D;k bl miek ls ftKklk can gks tkrh gSa\
 Page:99
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ç%20 fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft, ¼5½

lf[k gs] fd iqNfl vuqHko eks,A
lsg fifjfr vuqjkx] c[kkfuv fry fry uwru gks,A
tue vof/k ge :i fugkjy u;u o frjfir HksyA
lsgks e/kqj cksy lzoufg lwuy lzqfr iFk ijl o xsyA
dr e/kq&tkfefu jHkl xekvksfy u cw>y dblu dsyhA
yk[k&yk[k tqx fgv fgv jk[ky rbvks fgv tjfu u xsyA
dr fcnX/k tu jl vuqeksn, vuqHko dkgq u iss[kA
fo|kifr dg çku tqM+kbrs yk[ks u ehyy ,d AA
vFkok
NyNy Fks la/;k ds Jed.k]
vk¡l&
w ls fxjrs Fks çfr{k.kA
esjh ;k=k ij ysrh Fkh&
uhjork vuar vaxM+kbZA
Jfer LoIu dh e/kqek;k esa
xgu&fofiu dh r:&Nk;k esa
ifFkd muhanh Jqfr esa fdlus&
;g fogkx dh rku mBkbZA
iz% 21 fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij yxHkx 400 'kCnksa esa fuca/k fyf[k,& ¼6½
¼v½ vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr ¼c½ vkradokn ,d oSf'od leL;k
¼l½ orZeku f'k{kk ç.kkyh ,oa uSfrd f'k{kk ¼n½ esjk fç; dfo