Ocean Teacher Global Academy (OTGA)

Training Course on
‘Marine GIS for Operational Oceanography’
January 18-22, 2016

N. Kiran Kumar
kirankumar@incois.gov.in

International Training Centre for Operational Oceanography (ITCOocean)

ESSO-INCOIS, Hyderabad, India

International Oceanographic
Data and Information
Exchange
 GIS and maps
 What do you use maps for?
 What do you use GIS maps for?
 Maps and layers
AGIS uses layers to characterize and describe our
world
Describing our World

We can describe any

element of our world
in two ways:

Attribute
Information:
Spatial Information: What is it?
Where is it?
Species: Oak
Height: 15m
Age: 75 Yrs
51°N, 112°W
What types of geographic data do you work with?
 Vector model
Geographic features are most commonly
represented as
points
lines
polygons

Retail stores Streets Parcels

Points Lines Areas/Polygons

 Vector data organization
Stored as feature classes
Attributes for points
 Same geometry
 Same attributes

Points

Lines Shape field: Stores

feature class
geometry
Polygons
 Raster data model
 Used to represent
 imagery

 digitalelevation models
 other thematic data
 Raster data organization
 Matrix of cells
 Cell values
 measurements
 counts

 statistical values

 codes

(4,5)
 ArcGIS – a long history
A Pervasive System for Using Maps & Geographic Information

ArcGIS 10.3.1
10.x
10.3

ArcGIS 10 10.2 2015

10.1
10.0

2009

2001

1995

1996

1982
1999
ArcGIS - A Simpler GIS Platform
explore new heights and share knowledge
Analyzing Visualizing

Managing Data Design &

Planning

Geographic Information
Decision
Making

Measuring

Acting
ArcGIS - A Simpler GIS Platform
A Pervasive System for Using Maps & Geographic Information

• Easier
• More Powerful
• Everywhere Cloud

Web • Visualize
• Create
• Collaborate
Enterprise
• Discover
Mobile • Manage
• Analyze
Local

Desktop

Making GIS Available to Everyone

ArcGIS
A Complete Geographic Information system

Desktop Server Mobile Online

A Complete Integrated System
A Complete Integrated System

• Professional • Services • Knowledge • Platform

GIS • Applications Worker • Services
• GeoBrowser • Field Data • Sharing
Collection

. . . For Using Geography Everywhere

 ArcGIS
Dramatically Transforming and Improving GIS

• Easy
– Easier and More Web Clients
Productive Mobile
Devices
• Fast Desktop
– Faster Performance,
Analysis, Management
• Powerful
– Imagery is core to GIS
– Expanded Analysis
– 3D GIS
– Improved Mapping
• Everywhere
– Expanded Access Online /
Server
– Rich Web Cloud

Providing the full power of GIS to everyone.

ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Platform for Analyzing Visualizing

- Creating,
- Editing, and Managing Data Design &
Planning
- Analyzing geographic knowledge
- Examine relationships,
- Test predictions
Decision
- Ultimately make better decisions. Making

Measuring

Acting
ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Advanced Standard Basic ArcReader
For Authoring & Applying Geographic Knowledge Mapping &
Visualization

• Compilation • Compilation • Mapping • View

• Data Management • Data Management • Using
• Mapping • Mapping Compilation
• Analysis & Editing
• Advanced
Geoprocessing

Spatial Analysis
& Modeling

Catalog & Metadata

 ArcGIS

DESKTOP

ArcMap Arc Catalog

Mapping, editing, Browse and display data,
visualization, and analysis Manage data and Search for data

ArcToolbox
perform analysis
ArcMap: Mapping application
 Feature classes and layers
 Each layer references a feature class (data)
 Layers define the
appearance of the data
 Feature class organization
 Each feature class contains a set of
features and attributes
 Each feature has one record

Businesses
Businesses
Streets attribute table

Zoning
How is geographic data stored?
 Geodatabase

Geodatabase with
feature classes, a
Primary storage mechanism in raster dataset, and a
ArcGIS stand-alone table
Arc Catalog: Data management application
Catalog Contents
Tree View Panel

Right-click
an item to
view its
shortcut
menu
 Consider…

 Do you want to see all the layers in your map

all the time?
 Do you want to see all the features in a layer
all the time?
 What are some ways to control the display of
layers and features in ArcMap?
Zooming using commands and tools
 Zoom to
 Layers

 Selections

 Bookmarks

 Full extent

Zoom to selected
features
 Controlling which features display
 Definition query All lakes are displayed
 Query statement defines which
features draw
"SQKM" >
 Query statement: 500

 Attributefield: "SQKM"
 Operator: >

 Value: 500 Only

lakes
larger
than 500
square
kilometers
are
displayed
Controlling when layers display
 Scale range
 Layer turns on or off when scale threshold
is crossed
Railroads don’t display Railroads display
when zoomed out when zoomed in to a specified
scale

1:5,000,000 1:3,000,000
 Grouping layers
 Thematically related layers grouped in the
table of contents

When Transportation is
unchecked,
member layers do not draw
Creating basemap layers

Lakes, Provinces, Countries,

and Ocean make up the Basemap layer
 Making new map layers
 Create selection layer

Left: Parks with

lakes are selected
Right: Selected parks
are saved as new layer

Parks Parks
Selection
Parks
What is symbology?
Symbology based on attributes
Category: State Name Quantity: Population
 Categorical data
Names Codes Descriptions
What is quantitative data?
Quantitative data

Count Measurement

ELE
V
Quantitative data
Density:
POP2001 / SQKM
Quantitative symbology based on attributes
Colors associated
with elevation Symbol size
values associated with
ELE
population values
V
What is classification and why do we need it?
 Classification methods
Natural Equal Interval
Breaks

People per sq km People per sq km

Quantile Manual

People per sq km
People per sq km
 Classification methods
 Natural Breaks

Note: Value “0” indicates less than one person per square kilometer.
 Classification methods
 Equal Interval: 0-6; 7-12; 13-18; 19-24

Note: Value “0” indicates less than one person per square kilometer.
 Classification methods
 Quantile

Note: Value “0” indicates less than one person per square kilometer.
 Classification methods
 Manual: Depends on what you want to show…
 Supposeyou want to show Provinces with < or >
10 people per sq km

Note: Value “0” indicates less than one person per square kilometer.
Where does map text come from?
 What are labels?
 Software-generated map text based on
attribute values
 Dynamic label placement
Preferred label position is top right
1

Mississauga and St.

Positions Catharines suppressed to
vary, but all labels fit avoid conflict
2 3
Placement rules for different feature types
 Points
Prefer Top
 Lines Right,
all allowed
 Polygons

Curved Horizontal
and
Above
Line
 Label symbology
 Font, size, color, more

Arial, 14-point, Bold, Purple Heart

Character spacing 25.00
White 2-point halo
 SQL query
 Drawlabels only for specified attribute values
 Example: Label only international airports

"DESCRIPT" =
'International'
 Scale range
 Draw labels at specified scales
 Example: Label airports only at large
scales

Scale > Scale <

1:2,000,000 1:2,000,000
 Label classes
 Additional sets of labels for a layer
 Typically use different symbology

Two label classes based on

population
 Label expressions
 Use scripting functions
to format labels

Label expression:
[NAME]
&vbnewline & "<FNT
size='8'>" & "Population" &
"</FNT>"
&vbnewline & "<CLR
red= '168' green= '0'
blue='0'>" &
[CSD_POP01] &
"</CLR>"
 Ranks and weights
Label weight ranking

 Ordered label classes

by priority
 Assign weight to
features and labels
(in case of conflict)
Map Layout - content considerations
Create map of

 Purpose
national park
mountain peaks

Map will be

 Situation
hung at
various park
locations and
used in map
booklets

Park visitors,
backpackers,

 Audience rangers, park

naturalists, park
maintenance
staff
Data view vs. layout view
Data Layout
view view
 Map elements
Title

Legend

Border

Locator
Main map
map

Locator
map

Scale
Logo bar

North arrow
ArcGIS

DESKTOP Enables Better Analysis Advancing Geographic Science

Ecological Sampling

Integrated Scientific 3D Analysis

Programming

Python
Statistics Time-Aware
GIS
Analysis & Visualization

Math

Modeling

Background Improved
Processing Map Algebra
Location &
Allocation

. . . Extending Our Quantitative Methods

 ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Makes GIS Easier & More Productive
Localization

Integrated Search

Dynamic TOC Smooth Map Navigation

License Checkout

Better Tables
Reports/Graphs
Fast Display
Licensed Geodatabas
Catalog Easier to do things
Project Organization
Collaboration
ArcMap

Best Practice
Templates
2D/3D
Web and Desktop
ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Complete 3D GIS
3D Analysis

3D Editing
Fast Visualization

Virtual Cities

Terrain Updating

3D Models

Video Integration
- Providing Powerful Data Mananmgement, Analysis & Visualization
. . . Removing Limitations & Dramatically Improving Performance
ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Supports time based visualisation

• New York
• Katrina
• Sea Ice

. . . Creating Greater Understanding

ArcGIS

DESKTOP Applications with 3D Functionality

ArcGlobe ArcScene

ArcMap ArcCatalog
ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Leverages the Web
Google

KML
Publishes
Maps

Reads Online PDF

Services
ArcMap

ArcGIS
Online

ESRI Many
Data Partners

Helping us in Using & Sharing Data on the Web

ArcGIS

DESKTOP ArcGIS Includes a Growing Collection of Base maps & Content

Ready to Use, Authoritative and Beautiful

Landsat Integrates Video (FMV)
Services Imagery

Census

World
Street Map World
Topographic Map
National Geographic
World Map

. . . Providing a Foundation
Map Creation and Interactive Visualization ArcView ArcEditor ArcInfo
Visually model and spatially analyze a process or workflow. X X X
Create interactive maps from file, database, and online sources.
X X X
Create street-level maps that incorporate GPS locations. X X X
View CAD data or satellite images. X X X
Generate reports and charts. X X X
Multiuser Editing and Advanced Data Management

Complete GIS data editing capabilities. X X

Edit a multiuser enterprise geodatabase. X X
Use disconnected editing in the field. X X
Store historical snapshots of your data. X X
Automate quality control. X X
Create spatial data from scanned maps. X X
Use raster-to-vector conversion. X X
Advanced Analysis, High-End Cartography, and Extensive Database Management

Advanced GIS data analysis and modeling X

Atlas like, publication-quality maps X
Advanced data translation and creation X
Advanced feature manipulation and processing X
Data conversion for CAD, raster, dBASE, and coverage formats X
ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities
Defense

Logistics

• Spatial Analysis
• Network Analysis
• 3D Analysis & Visualization
• Schematics
• Tracking Business
• Publishing Mapping

• Interoperability
Solutions Workflow
• Survey • Business Analytics
• Transportation Logistics
• Map & Data Production
• Workflow Management
• Geospatial Intelligence
• Production Mapping
• Aeronautical
• Nautical
• Mapping Agency
• Defense
ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities

Spatial Analyst
Suitability Modeling
• Use ArcGIS Spatial Analyst to select
the best location for a new site.
Surface Analysis
• Build and analyze complex surfaces to
identify patterns or features.
Distance Analysis
• Calculate the cost of travel, cost-
weighted distance, least-cost path, and
shortest path
Density Analysis
• Calculate a density value for each cell
in an output raster.
Statistical Analysis
• Apply cell, neighborhood, zonal
overlay, and multivariate statistical
analysis techniques to the modeling of Solar Radiation
Value Wh/m2

your spatial data. High : 910357

Low : 278071
ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities

Network Analyst
•Routing
- Multipoint routing
- Time windows supported on stops
- Traveling salesperson
•Vehicle Routing Problem
- Time windows
- Driver breaks and specialties
- Vehicle capacities and order quantities
•Service Areas
- Complex polygon generation
- Allocation across networks
Service Area
•Closest Facility Route Closest Facility
- Fixed and mobile asset routing
- Emergency response
•OD Cost Matrix
- Travel time matrix
- Maximum destination and
distance cutoffs Location-Allocation
Vehicle Routing Origin-Destination
Problem Cost Matrix
ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities

3D Analyst
• Data Visualization
- Three-dimensional visualization of your GIS data for data
exploration and synthesis
• Interactive Navigation
- Interactive navigation tools to explore, display, and query
your three-dimensional data
• Surface Creation and Analysis
- Creation and analysis of surface data for sophisticated
modeling, viewing, and analysis Surface Creation and
• 3D Symbols Analysis
- Support for hundreds of three-dimensional symbols to
enhance the display and realism of your data
• Fly-through Paths and Animations
- Creation of advanced fly-throughs and animations for
better communication and presentation of important
concepts

3D Visualisation and Analysis

ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities

Geostatistical Analyst

•Visualize, model, and predict spatial relationships.

•Link data, graphs, and maps dynamically.

•Perform deterministic and geostatistical interpolation.

•Evaluate models and predictions probabilistically assess

risks.
s s Moving
window s
1 2 direction n

Semivario Semivario Semivario

gram for s1 gram for s2 gram for sn
ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities

Data Interoperability
- Read more than 100 spatial data formats
- including GML, XML, WFS, Autodesk DWG/DXF,
MicroStation Design, MapInfo MID/MIF and
TAB, Oracle and Oracle Spatial, and Intergraph
GeoMedia Warehouse.
- Share data with anyone
- by exporting to more than 70 spatial data
formats.
- Build complex spatial ETL processes
- using FME Workbench, a semantic data
translation engine for data transformation,
migration, validation, and distribution.
- Incorporate these formats and ETL processes
- in the geoprocessing framework using tools,
ModelBuilder, and scripts
ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities

Schematics
• Automatically generate schematics from complex
networks.

• Check network connectivity.

• Perform quality control of network data.

• Optimize network design and analysis.

• Evaluate network forecast and planning (modeling,

simulation, comparative analysis).

• Dynamically interact with GIS through a schematic view.

• Perform commercial and market analyses.

• Model social networks, generate flowcharts, and manage

interdependencies.
ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities

Tracking Analyst
• Visualize change over time.

• Symbolize the age of data by color, size, or

shape.

• Group and symbolize data by entity or

track.

• Interactively play back time-based data.

• Analyze historical or real-time data.

• Create animation files for AVI output.

ArcGIS

DESKTOP
Extensions - Providing Specialized Capabilities

Solutions
Mapping Disaster Other
Aeronautical Defense Nautical Intelligence
Agency Management Solutions
Solution Solution Solution Solution
Solution Solution

Foundation
Job Tracking GIS Data Map Foundation
for ArcGIS ReViewer Production Tools
System-Atlas
(JTX)
Courtesy: Contents, images used in this presentation are from www.esri.com