EU RoHS changes –
What you need to know
Revati Pradhan-Kasmalkar
Tantra Consulting
May 25, 2010
IEEE Product Safety Engineering Society
Santa Clara Valley Chapter
Agenda
EU RoHS, as we have known it
Why changes were proposed to RoHS
EU RoHS recast revisions
New substance restrictions
Halogenated flame retardants (HFRs)
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and plasticizers
European Parliament Impact Assessment on HFRs and PVC
Stakeholder inputs to RoHS process
Summary
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European Union RoHS
European Union Directive 2002/95/EC on
Restriction of Hazardous Substances (ROHS) in
electrical and electronic equipment
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EU RoHS, as we have known it…
Took effect July 1, 2006
Restricted six hazardous materials in the manufacture of
various types of electronic and electrical equipment
Lead
Mercury
Cadmium
Hexavalent chromium
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB)
Polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE)
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Electrical distribution
a r ds box
it Bo
Ci rc u
d
nte
Pri
Pigments
L am
ps
CRT Coatings
amp
Paints and Pigments
Lead Mercury HID
l
Cadmium
Hexavalent
Chromium
Metal surface coatings
Printed Circuit Boards
ants
rd
r eta Plastic components
m e
la
te df
i na
om
PBB Br PBDE
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EU RoHS as we have known…contd.
Directive applies to 10 categories as defined in the WEEE
(Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Directive
2002/96/EC
Category 8 (Medical devices) and Category 9 (Monitoring
and Control Instruments) excluded
Currently RoHS does not require any specific product
labeling
Many manufacturers adopted their own visual marks to clearly
indicate compliance
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Why changes were proposed to RoHS
Scope
Improve implementation of the Directive and provide more clarity
Achieve harmonization
Substance restrictions
Additional substance restrictions to assess potential environmental
risk and possibility of a future ban
Exemptions
Stimulate substitution efforts
Shift burden of proof to applicant (in line with REACH)
Exemption mechanism changed from review period to maximum
validity period for exemption
Product conformity assessment requirements
CE marking to achieve harmonized conformity assessment
requirements
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EU RoHS revisions for today’s update
Proposed by 2008 2009 2010
European Commission December
European Council and September
Presidency
European Parliament November March
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Proposed by 2008 2009 2010
EU RoHS revisions European Commission December
European Council and September
- December 2008 Presidency
European Parliament November March
Scope
Category 8 and 9 within scope, diagnostic medical devices in
2016 and industrial monitoring and control instruments in 2017
Additional substance restrictions
4 hazardous substances identified: Hexabromocyclododecane
(HBCDD), Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Butyl benzyl
phthalate (BBP), Dibutylphthalate (DBP)
All were REACH SVHC substances
Product conformity assessment requirements
Products to be CE marked and supplied with documentation
required by enforcement bodies
Alignment with New Legislative Framework for free circulation of
products within EU Member States
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Proposed by 2008 2009 2010
EU RoHS revisions European Commission December
European Council and September
- September 2009 Presidency
European Parliament November March
Scope
Open scope proposed to encompass all electrical and electronic
equipment, unless specifically excluded (September 2009)
• Product categories and list of product examples were deleted
Additional substance restrictions
4 hazardous substances identified in December 2008 proposal
were to be deleted
Methodology for review of additional substance restrictions per
Articles 69 -72 of EU REACH regulation
Product conformity assessment requirements
CE marking
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Proposed by 2008 2009 2010
EU RoHS revisions European Commission December
European Council and September
- November 2009 Presidency
Scope European Parliament November March
Open scope proposed by adding a Category 11, which would be “other
electrical and electronic equipment not covered by any of the
Categories 1 – 10”
Equipment covered by Category 11 would come in scope in July 2014
Exclusion of large scale stationary industrial tools (LSIT) was deleted,
thus bringing manufacturing equipment in scope.
Additional substance restrictions
List of additional substance restrictions increased: PVC, chlorinated
plasticizers, flame retardants, organohalogens, phthalates (DBP, BBP,
DEHP)
Not to be imposed on Categories 8, 9 and 11
Product conformity assessment requirements
CE marking
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Proposed by 2008 2009 2010
EU RoHS revisions European Commission December
European Council and September
- March 2010 Presidency
European Parliament November March
Between December 2009 and March 2010, EP proposed 339
amendments to RoHS recast proposal
Scope
Multiple amendments for clarification of scope, including keeping 10
product categories and adding Category 11 as ‘catch-all’ category
Additional substance restrictions
Multiple amendments proposing different lists for substance
restrictions, including brominated and chlorinated flame retardants,
PVC, phthalates (BBP, DEHP, DBP)
Amendment linking RoHS restricted substances with REACH SVHCs
Product conformity assessment requirements
Amendments proposing CE marking and required documents in
context of ‘due care’ obligation
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Key topics - Open scope
Different variations on Open Scope
All 10 categories in scope (phased)
All electrical and electronic products in scope by adding Category 11
as a ‘catch-all’
Some proposals with changed definitions and list of exclusions
Potential Impacts
If current exclusion for large-scale stationary industrial tools (LSIT)
deleted, manufacturing equipment, including semiconductor and
photovoltaic manufacturing equipment will fall in scope
Change to definitions and exclusions will result in following falling in
scope:
• Fixed installations
• Electrical products used in building and transport
• Electrical parts in aircraft, trains, ships and commercial vehicles
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Key topics - CE marking
For CE marking:
Carry out internal production controls required for CE marking
Prepare technical documents required for CE marking
Carry out sample testing where deemed necessary
Prepare EC declaration of conformity
Affix CE mark
For 10 years after placing on market, retain technical documents and
declaration of conformity
If it is believed that non-conforming EEE is placed on market,
necessary corrective actions must be taken, including withdrawal or
recall
Potential Impacts
If RoHS becomes CE directive, manufacturers, importers and
distributors of in scope products will have additional obligations for
compliance
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Key topics - New substance restrictions
European Parliament in favor of additional substance
restrictions: PVC, chlorinated plasticizers, flame retardants,
organohalogens, phthalates (DBP, BBP, DEHP)
Substances restricted in spare parts and consumables
Impact assessment carried out by European Parliament in
April 2010 assessing environmental and economic impacts of
additional substance bans
Halogenated Flame Retardants
PVC and plasticizers
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Halogenated Flame Retardants (HFRs): Uses
60-65% of flame retardants in plastics are
halogenated, primarily brominated
Main application areas
Printed circuit boards, appliance components, small
accessories, casing materials
Above components used in
Washing machines, dishwashers, boilers, water heaters,
refrigerator-freezers, televisions, IT and
communications equipment
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Substitution of HFRs
Important factor for feasibility of substitution is extent to
which substitutes can fulfill function of currently used HFRs
Survey by German Federal Environmental Agency of
manufacturers and dealers of flame retardants on
introduction of halogen-free products
Substitution limited by who takes responsibility for which costs
For effective fire protection of EEE
There is no universal flame retardant solution
Individual flame retardant strategies required for each polymeric
component
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Technical options for substitution of HFRs
Substitution of HFRs can take place at 3 levels
Halogenated flame retardant replaced without changing base-
polymer or plastic material
Base polymer replaced by another plastic material
Product replaced by different product, or function fulfilled by totally
different solution
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Example Option 1: Substitute BFR
- Potential non-halogenated substitute is reactive
phosphorus based FR such as DOPO and phosphorus
modified epoxy resin utilizing metal hydroxides
- Limitation is higher moisture absorption properties of
phosphorus-based halogen-free FR laminates
Option 2: Substitute Epoxy resin
- More complex approach
- Improve inherent flame retardancy of epoxy resin by
modifying it with thermally stable inflexible structures
Printed Circuit Board: - Use alternative resins such as polyimide resins, which
Brominated flame are inherently flame retardant, but more costlier
retardant such as TBBPA
used in epoxy resin for
encapsulation of PCB Option 3: Product redesign
- Minimize or eliminate need for flame retardants by
introducing physical barriers between high voltage
components and flammable parts
- Reduce flame propagation by using metal sheet cover
on plastic in contact with current carrying parts
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Market scenario on halogen-free FRs
Some EEE companies have progressed on some of their
products towards halogen-free flame retardants
Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericcson, Motorola, Phillips, Sony, Apple,
Toshiba, Sharp, Panasonic, Dell, LG Electronics, HP, Fujitsu, Seagate
For halogen-free FR substitutions to be feasible within
proposed timeline:
Widespread industry alignment required
Appropriate procurement, regulatory and supply chain standards
have to be in place
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PVC and plasticizers : Uses
RoHS recast restricts PVC and chlorinated
plasticizers such as Medium chain chlorinated
paraffins and Phthalates such as DEHP, DBP, BBP
PVC with chlorinated plasticizers and phthalates
used:
As insulation and sheathing in wires and cables
In telecommunication equipment, for cable management
systems and business machine housings
Components used in products such as
Washing machines, dishwashers, boilers, water heaters,
refrigerator-freezers, televisions, IT and communications
equipment
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Technical options for substitution of PVC
In most EEE applications, PVC not used as pure resin, rather
in combination with various plasticizers to form flexible PVC
material
Plasticizers’ content for most flexible applications is 35-40%
For most EEE applications, substitution of PVC will include
substitution of plasticizers as well
Substitution may be possible with alternative thermoplastic
or elastomeric material has the physical and mechanical
properties for given application without addition of
plasticizers
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Example
Option 1: Substitute PVC and plasticizers
- For PVC cables, costlier alternatives such as
Polyethylene or Ethyl-Vinylacetate-Copolymer (EVA)
- Alternatives to plasticizers such as MCCP could be
phosphates
- Alternative plasticizers are adipates (DEHA, DINA),
citrates (ATBC)
PVC Cables:
PVC resin with
plasticizer additives Option 2: Substitute with alternatives not
such as MCCP and requiring additives
phthalates - Thermoplastic alternatives are PE or EVA, however not
inherently flame retarded, hence FRs need to be added
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Market scenario on PVC-free
Some of larger EEE companies are phasing out PVC from
some of their products
Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Motorola, Phillips, Sony, Apple,
Toshiba, Sharp, Panasonic, Dell, LG Electronics, HP, Fujitsu
For phasing out of PVC to be feasible within proposed
timeline
Cost and properties of alternatives biggest obstacles
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European Parliament impact assessment:
Halogen-free flame retardants
Health impacts
Minimal health impact associated with use of HFRs as well as
potential substitutes in EEE applications
Some halogenated flame retardants may potentially have some
impacts on human health such as disruption of endocrine systems,
impacts on male reproductive organs and liver disruption
Environmental impacts
Some halogenated flame retardants are toxic to aquatic organisms
Some available substitutes are also toxic to the aquatic environment
“…environmental benefit of substitution to halogen-free flame
retardants is ambiguous”
Cost-Benefit analysis
Based on cost of alternatives alone, halogen-free FRs may be
cheaper; however product redesign costs may add considerably to
overall cost of substitution
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European Parliament impact assessment:
Restriction on PVC and plasticizers
Health impacts
PVC on incineration releases toxics, some of which may be
carcinogenic, endocrine disruptors or toxic to reproductive system
Plasticizer additives of PVC used in EEE may be carcinogenic and
toxic to reproductive system
Environmental impacts
EEE applications of PVC contain plasticizers which may act as
endocrine disruptors in animals and hence pose threat to wildlife
PVC compounds may bioaccumulate
“…environmental benefits of restricting the use of PVC in EEE
applications are related to plasticisers (such as DEHP, BBP and DBP)
added to PVC.”
Cost-Benefit analysis
In “restricting use of DEHP, BBP and DBP … costs far outweigh the
benefits to human health” and environmental benefits are not likely
to be larger than incremental cost of substitution
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European Parliament impact assessment:
Conclusion
Estimates arrived at in impact assessment have high
uncertainties
Numerous data gaps hence unable to accurately quantify
costs and health and environmental benefits
Forms of analysis used in impact assessment do not involve
a comprehensive detailed study and hence cannot provide
basis for additional substance restrictions
Parliament Report reaffirms European Commission’s
conclusion that there is insufficient data to currently justify
new substance restrictions without appropriate impact
assessment and more detailed study
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RoHS recast process
Main participants who have to agree on final draft are:
European Parliament, European Commission and European
Council of Ministers
Differing views on scope, exemptions, additional substance
restrictions and CE compliance
RoHS recast amendments in Co-decision process (procedure
used for EU law-making)
Environmental committee of Parliament (ENVI) meeting on
June 3rd
Voting in European Parliament Plenary session currently
scheduled for July
May get pushed to September-October timeframe
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Stakeholder inputs to RoHS process
Various industry organizations presenting their positions on
RoHS recast
Orgalime, the European Engineering Industries Association
• Do not support open scope and propose a representative, thorough
impact assessment at EU level
• New substance restriction after scientific evaluations to ensure that
alternatives provide better performance in environmental and technical
areas
• Propose coherence between RoHS and REACH regulations, and adopting
REACH methodology for evaluating substances prior to taking a decision
on their restriction
DigitalEurope, TechAmerica, JBCE, AMCHAM, ACEA
• Concerned about lack of adequate consultations and/or impact
assessment prior to proposing open scope
SEMI
• Concerned about ambiguity in language used in amendments, mainly
relating to scope and possible interpretations of the same
• Proposed clearer scope definitions for LSIT, consumables, spare parts
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Stakeholder inputs to RoHS process … contd.
Various industry organizations presenting their positions on
RoHS recast
Last week, alliance consisting of Acer, Dell, Hewlett-Packard and
Sony Ericsson, together with public interest organization ChemSec,
Clean Production Action and the European Environmental Bureau
presented a joint position supporting ban on use of all brominated
flame retardants (BFR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in electronics put
on market from end of 2015 onwards
ChemSec submitted three short films to Members of European
Parliament Environment Committee which is meeting in June to
highlight arguments for a restriction of brominated flame retardants
and PVC under RoHS
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In Summary
EU RoHS undergoing recast process which if approved will
have significant impact on EEE and it complex supply chain
Revisions to RoHS recast since December 2008 by European
Commission, Parliament and Council of Ministers
All three have to approve final draft in Co-decision process
Revisions may result in currently out of scope products to fall in
scope due to change in scope, exemptions or exclusions
Additional obligations due to CE compliance requirements
Products may become non-compliant due to additional substance
restrictions
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In summary…contd.
Impact assessment by European Parliament in April 2010 on
additional substance restrictions for halogenated flame
retardants and PVC (as well as plasticizers used in PVC)
Inconclusive due to insufficient information
Calls for detailed study before further substance restrictions are
proposed
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In summary … contd.
Industry/Trade organizations in process of providing inputs
on proposed RoHS recast amendments to have ENVI
Committee and Parliament better informed before the
scheduled voting in June - July 2010 timeframe
Opportunity NOW to provide your inputs on RoHS recast to
the European Parliament as well as the Council of Ministers
http://www.chemsec.org/news/550-chemsec-short-films-why-rohs-should-restrict-
brominated-flame-retardants-and-pvc
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THANK YOU!
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References
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/single-market-goods/regulatory-policies-common-rules-for-
products/new-legislative-framework/
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee/index_en.htm
http://www.berr.gov.uk/policies/business-sectors/environmental-and-technical-regulations/rohs/rohs-in-
the-uk
http://www.orgalime.org/issues/weee.asp
http://www.digitaleurope.org/index.php?id=997
http://www.chemsec.org/rohs
http://uk.farnell.com/jsp/bespoke/bespoke8.jsp?bespokepage=farnell/en/rohs/news/proposed_recast.jsp
http://uk.farnell.com/images/en_UK/rohs/pdf/rohs_schedule_obligations_v2.pdf
http://www.ebfrip.org/uploads/Press/documents/371_EBFRIP%20comments%20on%20European%20Par
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Impact Assessment of certain European Parliament amendments on the Commission Recasting Proposal
on RoHS (Restriction on the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment).
IP/A/ENVI/ST/2009-13 dated April 2010; PE 433.449
http://www.amchameu.eu/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?TabId=165&Command=Co
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Questions??
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Additional References
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Additional References … contd.
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Tantra Consulting 38
Additional References … contd.
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://mystockvoice.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/eu_img.jpg&imgrefurl=http://mystockvoice.wordpress.com/
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ywords%3DLamps%2520Light%2520Bulbs&usg=__c4NoQ91ecQlv-
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4QvHqoqZ_SWLkDTlC07EOO24=&h=375&w=500&sz=45&hl=en&start=7&itbs=1&tbnid=htzFs4qvXHOUsM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3F
q%3Dpaints%2Bpigments%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1
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en&start=4&itbs=1&tbnid=rrhKgrmEiH7UwM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcircuit%2Bbreaker%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs
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industries/products.html&usg=__A_QObd1_Um2Mq292V5fOtcUeIF0=&h=240&w=240&sz=19&hl=en&start=3&itbs=1&tbnid=gnjJ08EmQRDKnM:&tb
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v=/images%3Fq%3Deuropean%2Bunion%2Brohs%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1
Tantra Consulting 39
