ART AND CULTURE/ ARCHITECTURE & SCULPTURE/PAINTINGS

1.What measures have been taken by the Government of India for the protection and

preservation of historic monuments and relics? What are the responsibilities of the

Archaeological Survey of India in this regard? There have been recent reports of serious

damage to the world's famous Taj Mahal at Agra. What are the reasons for the damage?

What steps are being taken to protect and preserve the Taj Mahal? 1985

2. What are the basic differences between Mughal style of painting and the Rajput style of

painting? (About 50 words) 1985

3. Point out the chief characteristics of the architecture of any two of the following: (About 30

words for each) 1985

i. Temples of Khajuraho

ii. Taj Mahal

iii, Victoria Memorial

4. Write a note on the origin and development of Oriental Art. 1986

5. What were the new elements introduced by the Muslim rulers in the development of Indian

architecture? (About 50 words) 1987

6. Evaluate the chief characteristics of any two of the following : (About 50 words for each)

1988

Gandhara School of Art

ii Rock-cut temple architecture

iii Chola architecture

7. Write about the chief characteristics of the following: 1989

i. Carnatic music

ii. Kishangarh style of painting

ii. Nagara style of architecture

iv. Neo-art movement of Rabindranath Tagore

8. Kangra School of Painting 1990

9. Chandella school of architecture 1991

10. Sunga art 1992

11. Write about the chief feature of the following: 1993

i. Mathura School of Art

ii. Bundi School of Painting

i.Mughal Architecture at Fatehpur Sikri

12. Write about Gandhara School of Art. 1994

13. Write about Dravidian architecture. 1995

14. Write about the chief features of the following: 1996

Town Planning in the Indus Valley Civilization

15. Write about Ahmadiya Movement 1996

16. Write about Chaitya 1997

17. Write about Vijayanagara Art 1997

18. Write about Kulu School 1998

19. Write about Gopuram 1998

20. Write about Chola Architecture 1999

21. Write about Gandhara school of art 2000

22. Write about Saranath Pillar 2003

23. Write about Gandhara Art. (20 words) 2007

24. Write about : Maski. 2009

25. While bringing out their salient features, distinguish between either Madhubani" Art and

'Manjusha' Art or 'Rajasthani' schools of painting and the 'Pahari' school of Painting. 2010

26. What are the major different styles of unglazed pottery making in India? 2011

27. The flute playing Krishna' theme is very popular in Indian art. Discuss. (150 words) 2012

28. Comment on the significance of Rasarnava in studying the history of Indian Chemistry. (50

words) 2012

29. Comment on the significance of fire in Zoroastrianism. (50 words) 2012

30. Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple architecture

Discuss (100 words) 2013

31.To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided
inputs to the present day urbanization? Discuss. 2014

32. Gandhara Sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain. 2014

33. The ancient civilization in Indian sub-continent differed from those of Egypt, Mesopotamia

and Greece in that its culture and traditions have been preserved without a breakdown to

the present day. Comment. 2015

34. Mesolithic rock cut architecture of India not only reflects the cultural life of the times but

also a fine aesthetic sense comparable to modern painting. Critically evaluate this comment.

2015

35. Early Buddhist Stupa-art, while depicting folk motifs and narratives successfully expounds

Buddhist ideals. Elucidate. 2016

36. How do you justify the view that the level of excellence of the Gupta numismatic art is not

at all noticeable in later times? 2017

37. Safeguarding the Indian art heritage is the need of the moment. Discuss. 2018

38. Highlight the Central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in Gandhara art. 2019
39. What makes Indian society unique in sustaining its culture? Discuss 2019

40. The rock-cut architecture represents one of the most important sources of our knowledge of

early Indian art and history, Discuss. 2020

41. Pala period is the most significant phase in the history of Buddhism in India. Enumerate.

2020

42. Indian philosophy and tradition played a significant role in conceiving and shaping the

monuments and their art in India. Discuss. 2020

43. How will you explain that Medieval Indian temple sculptures represent the social life of

those days? 2022

14. Discuss the main contributions of Gupta period and Chola period to Indian heritage and

culture. 2022

45. Discuss the significance of the lion and bull figures in Indian mythology, art and

architecture. 2022
46. Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India. 2023

LITERATURE

1.Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of South

India,the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic conditions of its time with

remarkable vividness. Comment 2013

2. Krishnadeva Raya, the King of Vijayanagar, was not only an accomplished scholar himself

but was also a great patron of learning and literature. Discuss. 2016

3. Assess the importance of the accounts of the Chinese and Arab travellers in the

reconstruction of the history of India. 2018

4. Persian literary sources of medieval India reflect the spirit of the age. Comment. 2020

5. Evaluate the nature of Bhakti Literature and its contribution to Indian culture. 2021

FESTIVAL/FAIRS

1. In which State/States of India are the following festivals celebrated by a large number of
people ? 1981

i. Baisakhi

ii. Rath Yatra

ii. Bihu

iv. Pongal

Onam

2. What is the significance of Kumbh fair ? Where are they heid ? 1987

3. Write about the Shab-i-Barat 1990, 1995

4. Write about the Baisakhi 1991, 1999

5. Write about the Janmashtami 1991

Write about the Ram Navami 1992

Write about the Dev Devali 1994

8. Write about the Ganesh Chaturthi 1995

9. Distinguish either between the Moatsu' and Yemshe' festivals of Nagaland or the Losar and

Khan festivals of Arunachal Pradesh. 2011

PERSONALITIES

Describe briefly the contribution of any seven of the following to the life and thought of

modern India (about 40 words each): 1979

i. Vivekananda

ii. Sri Aurobindo

iii Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

iv. Dayanand Saraswati

v. Bal GangadharTilak

vi. Mirza Ghalib

vii. Homi Bhabha

vii. Sarojini Naidu

ix. C. V. Raman

x. Lala Lajpat Rai

2 Describe briefly the impact of the following on India (about 40 words each) 1979

i. Leo Tolstoy

i.Kemal Ataturk

iii. Karl Marx

3. Write brief notes on the following (about 30 words each) :1979

i. Mother Teressa

ii. Rukmani Devi Arundale

ii. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya

iv. Faiz Ahmed Faiz

v. B. P. Koirala
vi. Ne Win

vii. Moshe Dayan

vii M. C. Chagla

ix. R. K. Narayan

x. J. R. D. Tata (about 30 words each)

4. Describe the main contributions of Jai Prakash Narayan to Indian society & politics. (200

words) 1979

5. Name the Indian Scientists who have won the Noble Prize and their work. 1979

6. Who are the following and what have been their contribution to the life and thought of

India? 1982

i. Thyagaraja
ii Vallathal Narayana Menon

ii. Nand Lai Bose

iv. Purushottam Das Tandon

v. Sir Syed Ahmad

7. To which dynasty did the kings, who built the temples at Khajuraho, belong? To whom were

the temples dedicated. Name the temple, which occupies the pride of place there. (Not more

than 50 words) 1983

8. Why was Sardar Patel described as Bismarck of India? 1983

9. Who were the following and why were they so well known? (Not more than two sentences

on each) 1986

i.

Henry Vivian Derozio

ii. Bhulabhai Desai

ii. Jyotiba Phule

iv. V. D. Savarkar

v. Rashbehari Ghose

Who were the following and why are they so well- known ? (Not more than two sentences

for each) 1987

i. Sir William Jones

ii. M. R. Jaykar

iii. Pandita Rama Bai

iv. K. Kamraj
v. M.N. Roy

11. What is the contribution of the following to the cultural life of India? (One sentence for

each) 1987

i.CO Ramanuj

i. Shaikh Moinuddin ChishtiShyagaraja

il.Vishnu Digambar Paluskar

iv. Raja Ravi Verma

v. Amrita Shergill

vi. Ram Kinker Vaij

vii Sonal Man Singh

vii.i Sanyukta Panigrahi

ix. Prithvi Raj Kapoor

12. Who wrote our National Anthem ? When, where and on what occasion was it sung for the

first time ? When was it accepted as our National Anthem? 1987

13. Explain the contributions of the following to the social life of India : (One sentence for each)

1988

Ela Bhatt

M. G. Ranade

Acharya Narendra Dev

Madan Mohan Malaviya

Narayana Guru
Birsa Munda

Baba Amte

Malati Devi Chowdhury

Dr. Zakir Hussain

C.N. Annadurai

14. Explain the significance of the Alwar Saints in the socio- religious context ? 1988

Why have the following become famous ? 1989

i. Subrahamania Bharati

il. M.

Ansari

ii. Chapekar Brothers

iv. Panna Lai Patel

v. Khudiram Bose

16. Why have the following become famous ? 1990

1. Kunwar Singh

iiS. H. Slocum

iii. P. Ananda Charu

iv. K. M. Munshi

v. Muzaffar Ahmed

17. Why have the following become famous ? 1991

i. S. A. Dange

ii. C. Sankaran Nair

iii Titu Mir

iv. Theodore Beck

v. Edwin Lutyens

18. Why have the following become famous? 1992

i. M. A. Ansari

ii. P. C. Joshi

ii Indulal Yagnik
iv. Lord Pethwick Lawrence

v. Sree Narayan Guru

vi. Nandlal Bose

19. Why have the following become famous? 1993

C. Ilbert

ii. John Simon

iii Ramsay Macdonald

iv. Wavell

20. Why have the following become famous? 1994

i. N. G. Ranga
ii C. Y. Chintamani

ii Sir William Wedderburn

iv. Narendra Dev

v. M. R. Jayakar

vi. Madan Lai Dhingra

21. Why have the following become famous? 1995

i. Bhai Parmanand

ii. Dr. Satyapal

iii. Vasudeo Balwant Phadke

iv. George Yule

v. N. C. Kelkar

vi. C.F. Andrews

22. Why have the following been famous ? 1996

Bhartendu Harish Chandra

ii. C. Rajagopalachari

i.A. O. Hume

iv. Birsa Munda

23. Why have the following become famous ? 1997

1. Shyamji Krishnavarma
ii. RaniGaidinliu

i. Saifuddin Kitchlew

iv. Dr. Nivedita Bhasin

24. Why have the following become famous ? 1998

i. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

Seth Jamnalal Bajaj

iiiS. Satyamurti

iv. Udham Singh

Sarojini Naidu

V.
25. Explain the following:

i. Nelson Mandela

ii, BacharuddinJusul Habibie

iii E. M. S. Namboodripad 1998

Why have the following become famous ? 1999

Rammanohar Lohia

ii. C. Y. Chintamani

ii Henry Cotton

iv. Tej Bahadur Sapru

Veeresalingam P. K.
V.

vi. Bhulabhai Desai

vii. Kamladevi Chattopadhyay

27. Answer the following: 2000

i. Brahmagupta

ii. William Jones

i, Narayan Guru

iv. Amir Khusro

K.

F. Andrews
Tantia Tope

vii. Sayyid Ahmad

vii Margaret Noble

28. Write about the following: 2000

i.

Baba Amte

i. Ali Sardar Jafri

ii. Arena Roy

29. Answer the following: 2001

i. Aryabhatta

ii.J.Krishnamurthy

iii Banabhatta
iv. Pupul Jaykar

v. Jaydeva

vi. Ali Brothers

vii. D. K. Karve

vii Jamnalal Bajaj

ix. Gopi Kishna

x. Mohammad Iqbal

xi. T. Prakasam
30. Write about the following: 2002

KeshabChandra Sen

ii. Nivedita

iii. Raidasa

iv. Theodore Beck

31. Write about the following (not exceeding 20 words each): 2003

i. Sajad Zahir

ii. Har Dayal

iii Indu Lai Yajnik

iv. Achhut Patwardhan

v. Sir William Jones

vi. James Wilson

32. Write about the following: 2004

i. Mirza Haidar

ii. Muhammad Barkatullah

ii. Sohan Singh Bhakna

iv. Alluri Sitaramaraju

v. Canjeevaram Natrajan Annadurai

vi. Jadong
vii. Jadunath Sarkar

viii. Nazir Hasan

ix. Subhash Gupte

x. Acharya Nirmalya

xi. Jyotirao Phule

33. Write about the following:

i. Nizamuddin Auliya

ii. Raidas

i. Jagat Seth
iv. Baba Ram Chandra

v. Pandita Ramabai

vi. Sr Thomas Roe

vii. Tavernier 2005

34. Write about the following: 2004

i. Mirza Haidar

ii. Muhammad Barkatullah

ii Sohan Singh Bhakna

iv. Alluri Sitaramaraju

v. Canjeevaram Natrajan Annadurai

vi. Jadong

vii. Jadunath Sarkar

viii, Nazir Hasan

ix. Subhash Gupte

x. Acharya Nirmalya

xi. Jyotirao Phule

35. Write about the following: 2005

i. Nizamuddin Auliya
ii. Raidas

ii.Jagat Seth

iv. Baba Ram Chandra

v. Pandita Ramabai

vi. Sr Thomas Roe

vii. Tavernier

36. Write about the following: 2006

i. Kalhana

ii Panini

ii. Madhura Vijayam

iv. Pandurang Mahatmya

v. Ali Sardar Jafri

vi. Aruna Roy

vii J.C. Daniel

viii. Jayant Narlikar

ix. Balwant Gargi

37. Write about the following: 2007

i. Megatheres

ii. C. Dutt.
ii Nagarjuna Konda

iv. Rudramadev

38. Writs about Lakshmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi in about 20 words (08/I/2a/2)

39. Write about Lala Hardayal in 20 words. 2008

40. Write about Megasthenes in 20 words. 2008

41. Write about Ailasani Peddanain 20 words. 2008

42. Write about : Govind Guru. 2009

43. Write about : Taji Mideren 2009

44. Write brief note on Contribubons of Latika Ghosh to the freedom struggle. 2010

45. Write brief note on Bhai Maharaj Singh as a freedom Fighter. 2010

46. In the context of the freedom struggle, write short note (not exceeding 50 words): * Benoy

Badal -Dinesh' martyrdom. 2011

47. Why is Laurie Baker called The conscience keeper of Indian architecture* ? (50 words) 2012

48. Defying the barriers of age, gender and religion, the Indian women became the torch-

bearer during the struggle for freedom in India. Discuss. (200 words) 2013

49. Several foreigners made India their homeland and participated in various movements.

Analyze their role in the Indian struggle for freedom. (200 words) 2013

0. Discuss the contributions of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to pre- and post- independent India

(200 words) 2013

51. The Bhakti Movement received remarkable re-orientation with the advent of Sri

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Discuss. 2018

TRIBES/EDUCATION/RELIGION/ADMINISTRATION/ ABBREVIATION

1.

indicate theareas in which majority of people belonging to the following tribes reside: 1981

i. Angamis

ii. Bhils

iii Gonds

iv. Khasis

v. Santhals

2. In which State/Union Territory do the majority of the people belonging to the following

tribes reside? 1983

i. Onges

ii. Apatanis

iii, Oraon

iv. Bhds

v. Jarwas

3. Which country is pioneer in starting an Open University? How is the scheme implemented ?

What are the main problems to be faced by the Open University in India? (About 150 words)

1986

De Write about the chief features of the following :

i. Qiaitya

ii KhayaL
5, Write about the following (not exceeding 20 words each): 2005

i. Yajnavalkya Smriti

Sutta Pitaka

ii. Bhagawati Sutra

iv. Gangaikonda-Cholapuram

v. Moplah RebellioN

6. Write about the following (in about 20 words each): 2007

Charvakas

i. Bhakb

iii. Ajivikas
iv. Mlechchhas

v. Lingayats

vi. Pastoralism

vii. Sab

A- Write about Bodhisattva. 2008

8. Write about Chishti Silsila. 2008

9. write about. Brahmadeya`. 2009

10. Write about: Marumakkathayam' 2009

11.Problems specific to the denotified and nomadic tribes in India. Examine, (in about 150

words) 2011

12. Taxila University wasone of the oldest universities of the world with which were associated

a number of renowned learned personalibes of different disciplines. Its strategic location

caused its fame to flourish, but unlike Nalanda, it is not considered as a university in

modem sense. Discuss. 2014

13. Sufis and medieval mysric saints failed to modify either the religious ideas and practices or

the outward structure of Hindu/Muslim societies to any appreciable extent. Comment. 2014

14. Examine the uniqueness of tribal knowledge system when compared with mainstream

knowledge and cultural systems. ( 150 words) 2021

15. What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features

are

still prevailing in Indian society? 2023

16. What were the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How

did those technological changes influence the Indian society? 2023

MODERN INDA AND THE FREEDOM STRUGGLE

NATURE OF INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT

The Indian independence movement was a mass-based movement that encompassed

various sections of society. It also underwent the process of constant ideological evolution.

Critically examine. (250 words) 2012

2. Highlight the importance of the new objectives that got added to the vision of Indian

Independence since the twenties of the last century. (250 words) 2017

3. Since the decade of the 1920s, the national movement acquired various ideological strands

and thereby expanded its social base. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words) 2020

REVOLT OF 1857
◦What began as a

fight for religion ended as a war of independence, for there is not the

slightest doubt that the rebels wanted to get rid of the alien government and restore the old

order of which the king of Delhi was the rightful o you support this viewpoint ? 1999

2. What administrative changes were introduced in India after 1858 ? What were the

objectives of these changes? 2001

3. Explain how the Uprising of 1857 constitutes an important watershed in the evolution of

British policies towards colonial India. 2016

4. The 1857 Uprising was the culmination of the recurrent big and small local rebellions that

had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule. Elucidate. 2019

SOCIO RELIGIOUS REFORMATION MOVEMENT

Vo))_ LTE

LTE2 .l 65%

Vo)

LTE1

S
\

The second half of the nineteenth century witnessed in India a strong wave of reformation

in the spheres of religion and society. What part was played in this directly or indirectly by

Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Keshab Chandra Sen and Justice M. G. Ranade? 1980

2. The Caste system and the practice of untouchability were major targets of attack from the

social reform movement, which grew in strength after the revolt of 185Indicate the main

factors which gradually undermined the caste system and brought into sharp focus the evils

of untouchability. What was the role of Mahatma Gandhi in the eradication of

untouchability and to what extent did he influence the framers of the constitution and

Government policy in this regard? What further steps should be taken to wipe out

untouchability? (in 200 words) 1981

3. The nineteenth century Is generally called a period of Indian Renaissance. Which were the

major social reform movements of this period and what changes did they bring about ? (Not

more than 200 words) 1984

4.

Discuss the major social reform movements of the second half of the 19th century. In what

way did they contribute to the rise and growth of Indian National Movement ? 1987
5. Give a critical account of the Ramakrishna Mission with special reference to the role played

by Swami 1990

6. Discuss the role of the Theosophical Society in the history of religious movement in India.

1991

1 What were the contributions of the Arya Samaj to social and religious movements of India ?

1992

o Discuss the various aspects of social legislation introduced by the East India Company in the

first half of the nineteenth century. 1995

9. Swami Vivekananda might well be called the father of Indian nationalism/ Elucidate. 1995

10. The name of Raja Ram Mohan Roy stands foremost in the field of religious and social

reforms. Elucidate. 1997

1. Assess the contributions of Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar to the making of moderr India. 1999
12. In what way did Ramakrishna infuse a new vigour and dynamism into Hinduism ? 1999

13. Characterize the main features of Indian Renaissance. 2006

14. What was the character of socio-religious reforms In the 19th Century and how did they

contribute to the national awakening in India? (250 words)2007

15. The women's questions arose in modern India as a part of the 19th century social reform

movement. What are the major issues and debates concerning women in that period? (250

words) 2017

16. Examine the linkages between the nineteenth century's Indian Renaissance' and the

emergence of national identity. 2019

17. Trace the rise and growth of socio-religious reform movements with special reference to

Young Bengal and Brahmo Samaj. (Answer in 150 words) 2021

IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS
1.

Evaluate Subhas Chandra Bose's contribution to India's freedom. 2005

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LTE2 .l 65%

Vo)

LTE1

2. Write brief note on Contribubons of Labka Ghosh to the freedom struggle. 2010

3. Write brief note on Bhai Maharaj Singh as a freedom fighter. 2010

4. Defying the barriers of age, gender and religion, the Indian women became the torch-

bearer during the struggle for freedom in India. Discuss. (200 words) 2013

Several foreigners made India their homeland and participated in various movements.

5.

Analyze their role in the Indian Struggle for freedom. (200 words) 2013
6. Discuss the role of women in the freedom struggle especially during the Gandhian phase

2016

Highlight the differences in the approach of Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi in

the struggle for freedom. 2016

CONGRESS-MODERATES & EXTREMISTS-SPLIT(SURA)-REUNION (LUCKNOW)

1. Discuss briefly the basic aims with which the Indian National Congress was founded. When

and under what circumstances did it decide to have complete independence (Purna Swaraj)

from the British rule as Its goal? (About 200 words) 1985

2 What were the attitudes of the Moderates and the Extremists towards the Freedom

Movement in India? What led to their show-down

Surat (1907) ? (About 200 words) 1986

3. Analyse briefly the contribution of religious reform movements to the growth of extremist

nationalist movement. 1989

4. Analyse the main differences between the approaches of Tilak and Gokhale on social and

political issues. (About 150 words each) 1993

5. The Lucknow Pact of 1916 was signed without regard for its consequences. Elucidate. 1993

6. What were the contributions of the Moderates in the formative stage of the Indian National

Congress? 1993

Trace the emergence of Indian nationalism till the foundation of the Indian National

Congress. 1995

8. What was Tilak's contribution towards shaping the course of the nationalist movement in

India ? 1996

9. Examine the causes and nature of extremism in Indian politics in the early part of the

present century. (About 250 words) 1997

10. How did economic nationalism mirtor the work of the early nationalist leadership in India

? 1998
11. Why did the moderates lose appeal with the Indians and failed to elicit desired response

from the British? 1998

12. Discuss the main objectives of the Indian national movement up to 190What were its basic

weaknesses during this period ? 2001

13. Bring out the ideological basis of the Moderate-Extremist divide in the Indian National

Congress. 2003

14. Satan cannot enter till he finds a flaw A great ocean separates us educated few from the

millions in our country." Critically analyse in about 150 words. 2009

15. Write about : Egmore Faction'. 2009

16. Why did the Moderates' failed to carry conviction with the nation about their proclaimed

ideology and political goals by the end of the nineteenth century? (150 words) 2017

17.To what extent has the urban planning and culture of Indus valley civilization provided

inputs to the present-day urbanization? Discuss. (200 words) 2021

PARTITION OF BENGAL-SWADESHI MOVEMENT & RISE OF REVOLUTIONARY TERRORISM

1.

What were the motives which led to the partition of Bengal ? What were its consequences c
Why was it annulled ? (About 250 words) 1988

2. How did Lala Lajpat Rai and Bal Gangadhar Tilak champion the cause of militant

nationalism in India? 1990

3. 'If Aurobindo was the high priest, Rabindranath, was the great poet of the Swadesh

Movement/ Elucidate. 1990

4. Discuss the growth of revolutionary terrorism with special reference to its ramifications in

Maharashtra, Bengal and Punjab till the first decade of the twentieth century. (About 250

words) 1991

5. How far was the Swadeshi Movement linked with Boycott? Analyse the nature of mass

participation in the Movement. (About 250 words) 1992

6. Why was Bengal partitioned in 1905? How did it lead to

the growth of extremist and

terrorist schools of nationalism? Why was it annulled and with what consequences? (About

250 words) 1993

<
Bengal was partitioned in 1905 not for administrative reasons but for political purposes.

Elucidate.

8. How did the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal influence the nationalist politics ? 1998

9. Trace the origin of the Swadeshi Movement. How did it involve the masses ? 2000

10. How did the terrorist movement gather strength in countries other than India ? 2000

11. Write short notes : Divide et impera. 2002

12. What led to the partition of Bengal in 1905 ? 2004

NATIONALISM DURING WORLD WAR 1 GHADAR PARTY AND HOME RULE MOVEMENT

Explain the part played by Annie Besant in the Home Rule Movement. 1994

T.
2. Write short notes : Ghadar Party 2001

3. Trace the growth of the Indian Home Rule Movement in Britain. 2002

M. K. GANDHI

MASSACRE

SOUTH AFRICAN EXPERIMENT, ROWLATT SATYAGRAHA & JALLIANWALA BAGH

1.

Explain briefly the main contribution of Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore &

Jawaharlal Nehru to the making of modem India. (About 250 words) 1979

2. Mahatma Gandhi wrote in 1928 to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru: " the differences between you

and me appear to be so vast and radical that there seems to be no meeting ground between

us." State briefly the difference in approach of Gandhiji and Pandit Nehru to the following

two issues and indicate the impact of their views

on our Constitution and Government

Policy: (a) Socialism as a goal of National Policy ; (b) Place of Industries in Indian economy.

of

(Not more than 150 words on each) 1980

3. Briefly explain Mahatma Gandhi's views on religion and its relation to politics. Were these

views shared by Shri Jawaharlal Nehru ? (about 150 words) 1982

4. Point our dearly the contributions of Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindra Nath Tagore to the

social and cultural life of India. (Not more than 150 words) 1984

5. Both Mahatma Gandhi and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was Interested in India's economic

development, but there were some basic differences in their approach to this problem.

Point out dearly those basic differences. (About 200 words) 1985

6, Relation between Religion and Politics has been a subject of controversy since long. What

are the views of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru on this issue ? 1987

7. Discuss Mahatma Gandhi's concept of Basic Education. How did Tagore differ from it ? 1988

8. What was Mahatma Gandhi's concepts of Socialism? How did it differ from Marxian

socialism. 1990

9, "Mahatma Gandhi's succession, during 1916-20, in getting the technique of non-violent

satyagraha accepted by the nation as

a

weapon of struggle against the British was

phenomenal. Elucidate. 1993

10. Trace the emergence of Gandhiji in Indian political scene till the Champaran Satyagraha of

191What was the basic philosophy of Satyagraha enunciated by him ? (About 250 words)

1994

11. Discuss Mahatma Gandhi's concept of Basic Educabon'. How far was it a departure from

conventional system of education ? 1997

12. What do you know about Rowlatt Act. 1997

13. The mainstay of Mahatma Gandhi's movements was the rural India.' Elucidate. 2003

14. DO you think Mahatma Gandhi's support to Khilafat Movement had diluted his secular

credentials? Give your argument based on the assessment of events. (150 words) 2007

15. 1"The foreign power will be withdrawn but for me real freedom will come only when we
free ourselves of the dominance of western education, western culture and the western way

of living which have been ingrained in us. 'Critically anaylse in about 150 words. 2009

16. How different would have been the achievement of Indian independence without Mahatma

Gandhi? Discuss. 2015

17. Throw light on the significance of the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi in the present times.

(Answer in 150 words) 2018

18. Many voices had strengthened and enriched the nationalist movements during the

Gandhian phase. Elaborate. 2019

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU

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Explain briefly how the ideas and experiments of the Soviet Government in USSR
1.

influenced Poet Rabindra Nath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi and Pandit Jawaharlal

Nehru. (Not more than 200 words) 1983

. Explain Nehru's main theme in his Discovery of India. (About 100 words) 1988

Describe Nehru's attitude towards Russia in the pre-1947 period. (About 50 words)

3.

1988

4. How was Jawaharlal Nehru influenced by socialist ideas? How did the Socialist

thinking of Nehru and other leaders influence the Congress before 1942 ? 1989

5. Tm convinced that the only key to the solution of the world's problems and of

India's problems lies in socialism. I see no way of ending the poverty, the vast

unemployment, the degradation and the subjection of the Indian people except

through socialism.' In what way did Nehru succeed in achieving the objectives

through national planning? 1991

6. Analyze Jawaharlal Nehru's views on Independence and Dominion Status. How far

were these reflected in the policy enunciated by the Lahore Congress ? 1992

7. Short Notes on Mass Contact Programme of Nehru. 1992

8. In what way did the international events in the late twenties of the present century

influence Jawaharlal Nehru's radical views ? 1994

g. Why has Nehru in his Autobiography been so critical of the liberals ? 1996

10. Did Jawaharlal Nehru really 'speak' the language' of Gandhi ? Locate the points of

their agreements and departures. 1998

11. How did Nehru's plan for modernization make rapid stride during the decade 1951-

61? 1999

12. Was Jawaharlal Nehru justified in adopting the principle of non-alignment as the

corner-stone of India's foreign policy ? 2000

13. Regardless of distance in time, there were lots of similarities between Lord Curzon

and Jawahar Lai Nehru. Discuss 2006

RABINDRANATH TAGORE

1. Whatwerethe basicdifferences between Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru's Internationalism

and Rabindranath Tagore's Internationalism ? Why was Tagore called 'a Spiritual

Ambassador'? 1986

2. Tagore's humanism is a blending of his faith in god and man.' Comment. (About 50

words each) 1989

3. How far was Rabindranath Tagore a poet of Mankind? 1991

A Discuss Tagore's concept on education. How far was it departure from

conventional system of education ? (About 50 words each) 1992

5.

Explain Rabindranath Tagore's Plan of village reconstruction. (About 50 words

each) 1993

6. Why did Tagore emphasize on the primacy of the social over the political order ? (75

words) 1994

7. How far was Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore's concept of religion wedded to his love

of nature ? 1995
% Tagore's emphasis on internationalism and humanism was ahead of his times.

Explain. 1996

9. Examine the ideas of Rabindranath Tagore on democracy. 1998

10. Tagore's poetry is a written record of his religious experience.' Elucidate 1999

B.R. AMBEDKAR

1. Bhimrao Ambedkar's versatile career went through various phases.' State briefly

the various facets of his life. 1991

2. Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B R Ambedkar, despite having diverg gent approaches and

strategies, had a common goal of amelioration of the downtrodden. Elucidate. 2015

NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT, KHILAFAT, SWARAJISTS AND NO- CHANGERS AND GROWTH

OF REVOLUTIONARY TERRORISM

1. What were he effects of the Non-violent Non-Cooperation Movement in India ? When was
the Movement suspended and why ? (About 200 words) 1986

2. Why did Gandhiji launch the Non-violent Non-cooperation Movement on the Khilafat

question ? How were other issues joined to it later on ? Discuss the constructive programme

of the Non-cooperation Movement. 1989

Trace the origin of the Swaraj Party. What was the manifesto of the Swaraj Party ? What

were the Swarajists' demands and the reactions of the British ? 1990

De* What were the reasons that changed Gandhiji's attitude of responsive cooperation to non-

cooperation in 1920? What were its consequences ? 1996

5. Trace the formation of the Swaraj Party. What were its demands. 1999

6. Discuss the aims and objects of the Khilafat Movement. To what extent was it successful n

2001

7. Form a critical assessment of the Non-Cooperation Movement. 2004

8. The crisis of the colonial order during 1919 and 1939 was directly linked to the

constitutional reforms, disillusionment and militant anti-colonial struggles. Elucidate. (250

words) 2007

9. Evaluate the contribution of revolutionary terrorism represented by Bhagat Singh to the

cause of India's struggle for independence. (150 words) 2007

10. "Non-Cooperation Movement gave new direction and energy to the National Movement.

Explain, (in about 150 words) 2008

11. Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non-Cooperation

Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement. (Answer in 250 words) 2021

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT - ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE, GANDHI IRWIN PACT,

KARACHI CONGRESS, MACDONALD AWARD & POONA PACT

1.

Analyse Mahatma Gandhi's main demands presented to Irwin. How did Salt emerge as the

central issue for launching the Satyagraha? 1988

2. What was the Gandhi-Irwin Pact? Why was it signed and what were its consequences ?

(About 150 words) 1988

3. Why did Mahatma Gandhi launch Civil Disobedience Movement? Analyse the intensity of

the movement in different parts of India. 1992

4. What was the Macdonald Award ? How was it modified and with what results ? 1993

5. In what way did the Civil Disobedience Movement affect the different provinces of India ?

HoW did it foster peasant movement in India ? (About 250 words) 1995

6. What was the Macdonald Award ? How was it modified? (About 150 words each) 1996

What were the salient features of Gandhi-Irwin Pact? 1997

8. Write short note on Communal Award. 1998

Why did Gandhi launch the Salt Satyagraha in 1930 and with what results ? 2001

9.
10. Write short notes : Dandi March 2002

11. Write short notes Satyagraha 2002

THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT ,1935

THE CONGRESS MINISTERS

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2nd WORLD WAR

What were the main feature of the Act of- 1935 ? What was Jawaharlal Nehru's reaction tO

the Art? Why did he contest the elections of 1937 and with what effect ? 1990
2. How did the Government of India Art, 1935 mark a point of no return in the history of

constitutional development in India ? 2006

3 It would have been difficult for the Constituent Assembly to complete its historic task of

drafting the Constitution for Independent India in just three years, but its experience

gained with the Government of India Act, 1935 .Discuss. 2015

PROPOSALS TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE - THE AUGUST OFFER/CRIPPS MISSION/ RAJA JI

FORMULA/ DESAI LIAQAT FORMULA/ WAVELL PLAN/ CABINET MISSION PLAN/ DICKIE BIRD

PLAN/ MOUNTBATTEN PLAN

1. What was Cripps' Mission? Why did its failure result into Quit India Movement? Mention

briefly the major developments after this movement leading to Independence in 194(Not

more than 200 words) 1984

2 What was the Cabinet Mission Plan? How was the 'grouping clause fundamental to it ?

What was its impart on the attitude of the Congress and the League? (About 250 words)

1989

What was the attitude of the Indian National Congress towards the Second World War ?
What was the August Offer? What were the factors that led the British to change its negative

policy and send Cripps to India? (About 250 words) 1990

4. From August Offer of Mountbatten Plan was a logical evolution. Discuss 1993

5. How did the outbreak of the Second World War affect 6India's political scene? Did the

Cripps Mission resolve the political crisis in India ? (About 250 words)1994

6. Write short note on August Offer, 1940. 1996

7. What do you know about August Declaration, 1917. 1997

8. Assess the role of C. Rajagopalachari during the preparation years of Indian public life. 1998

9. What were the proposals of the Cabinet Mission? Analyse the reactions of the Congress and

the League to the proposals. 1999

10. What was Mountbatten Plan ? Discuss the reactions of Gandhi and Azad to the Plan. 2000
11. Why did Jinnah reject the C. R. Formula. 2002

12. Review the' Dickie Bird Plan`. 2002

QUIT INDIA MoVEMENT - INA & RIN MUTINY

The trial of the INA officers did more harm than good to the British Rule in India/ Explain. 1989

2. When and why did the revolt of the ratings of the Royal Indian Navy take place ? Why did they

suspend the movement ? What were the attitudes of Gandhi and Patel towards the movement ?

(About 50 words each) 1990

3. Trace the origins of the R.IN. Mutiny and evaluate its impact on the political situation in India. 1998

4. Evaluate the attitudes of different political parties towards Quit India Movement. 2002

5. Evaluate Subhas Chandra Bose's contribution to India's freedom. 2005

6. Critically assess Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru's views on Indian Nationalism. 2006
<

Trace the salient sequence of events in the popular revolt that took place in February 1946 in the

then 'Royal Indian Navy and bring out its significance in the freedom struggle. Do you agree with

the view that the sailors who took part in this revolt were some of the unsung heroes of the

freedom struggle? (in about 250 words) 2011

in what ways did the naval mutiny prove to be the last nail in the coffin of British colonial

aspirations in India ? 2014

COMMUNALISM/PARTITION OF INDIA

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1. What are the main factors, which led eventually to the partition of India in 1947 ? To what

?7

extent was shri Jawaharlal Nehru justified in writing in 1946 as follows :'It (Communalism)
is our fault, of course and we must suffer for our failings. But I cannot excuse or forgive the

British authorities for the deliberate part they have played in creating disruption in India.

1982

2. Despite the fact that Muslims and Findus fought together against the British in the Revolt of

1857, a separatist movement started soon after, resulting into the partition of India. In the

light of this statement, review briefly the origin and development of Muslim Separatist

Movement culminating into the creation of Pakistan in 194(Not more than 200 words) 1987

3. Narrate the last phase of the India's freedom movement especially from the beginning of

1947 till the attainment of Independence. 1991

4. Write short note on Sikander-Jinnah Pact. 1993

5. Do you think that the Partition of India was inevitable? Discuss the attitudes of Mahatma

Gandhi, Pandit Nehru and Maulana Azad towards the crucial question of Partition. 1995

6, What were the circumstances that led to the partition of India in 1947? 1997
7. How did Communalism manifest in Indian political scene? Explain the background of the

passing of the momentous Pakistan Resolution. (About 250 words) 1999

8. Why and how did the Congress come to accept the partition of the country? 2005

FACTORS / INDEPENDENCE ACT ,1947

What were the main reasons for the decisions of the British Government to leave India after

transferring power to the people of British India and the 'Rulers' of Indian States ? (Not

more than 150 words) 1980

2 Assess the role of British imperial power in complicating the process of transfer of power

during the 1940s. (Answer in 250 words) 2019

PRINCELY STATES AND INTEGRATION

1. Why were the states of India 'reorganized in 1956 ? Do you think in retrospect that the

policy has served the purpose which the Government had in view ? Give reasons for your

views. (150 words) 1980

2. One of the outstanding achievements of the Government of Independent India is the

integration of the former Princely' States with the Indian Union. How was this achieved

What important forces/factors helped the Unification of India ? (150 words) 1981

3. How did Patel succeed in avoiding the evil consequences of the doctrine of lapse of

paramountcy and In integrating Indian States ? (About 150 words) 1989

4. Write short notes : Butler Committee Report 1996

5. How did Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel succeed in avoiding the evil consequences of the doctrine

of lapse of paramountcy and in integrating Indian States ? 1997

6. What was the Butler Committee Report ? Discuss the reactions on the Report in India. 2002

Write short notes : Chamber of Princes 2002

8. Discuss the problems that impeded the integration of the princely states into the Indian

Union. How were these problems tackled ? 2003

9. Examine the policy of Subordinate Union towards Princely States. Account for the shift

from the policy of Subordinate Isolation. 2005

10. Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration

process of Indian Princely States. (Answer in 150 words) 2021

11. The political and administrative reorganization of states and territories has been a

continuous ongoing process since the mid-nineteenth century. Discuss with examples.

(Answer in 250 words) 2022

ACTS DURING BRITISH RAJ/ COMMISSION

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1. The Minto-Morley Reformsdid not and could not provide

an answer to Indian problems.

Explain. 1993
2. Write short notes : 1bert Bill, Sarda Act, Education Despatch of 1854 . 1999

.C

"The reforms of 1909 introduced a cardinal problem and ground of controversy at every

revision of the Indian electoral system.'" Comment. 2003

4. Write about W. W. Hunter. 1993

~I the Montagu-Chelmsford Report communal representation and reservations were not

only retained but considerably extended." Comment. 1993

6. What are the salient features of the Government of India Acts of 1858 and 1909 ? 2007

7. Write about Ilbert Bill in 20 words. 2008

MOVEMENTS -

TRIBAL
STATE PEOPLE'S MOVEMENT, TRADE UNION MOVEMENT, PEASANT MOVT.,

MOVEMENT, MOVEMENT AGAINST UNTOUCHABILITY AND CASTE SYSTEM, MOVEMENT FOR

THE UPLIFTMENT OF WOMEN

1.

What efforts have been made for the upliftment of women in India from the middle of the

nineteenth century to the present day ? 1985

Give an account of the legislative measures passed during 1856-1956 for the uplift of

women. Why was a new Act prohibiting Sati passed recently ? 1988

3. What was Harijan Movement? Why and with what effect did Gandhi launch individual

Satyagraha? 1991

4. How far the labour legislations of the British Government were meant to ameliorate the

condition of the working class. 1992

5. Write short note on Temple Entry Programme. 1993

6. Discuss the outstanding Tribal uprisings against the British rule during the nineteenth

century. 1994

What was the role of the states' people's movement in the integration of Indian states ? 1996

8. What was the significance of the Prajamandal movements in the Indian States in the decade

preceding India's independence ? 1998

9. How did the movement for the liberation of women receive a great stimulus from the rise

and growth of the nationalist movement in India ? 2001

10. Discuss the character of major tribal uprisings in British India in the nineteenth Century.

2003

11. What was the attitude of Indian Industrialists towards the Indian National Congress in the

pre-independent era ? 2006

12. Write about Vaikam Satyagraha. (08/I/2d/2) Write about : Kiang Nongbah. 2009

13. Write about : Gurudwara Reform Movement. 2009

14. In the context of the freedom struggle, write short note not exceeding 50 words) : 'Babbar

Akali` movement. 201

GROWTH/ DEVELOPMENT - CIVIL SERVICES, JUDICIAL SYSTEM, LOCAL SELF GOVT., MODERN

EDUCATION, INDIAN PRESS, NATIONALISTIC FOREIGN POLICY & TAXES

1.

The recruitment of Indians to Civil Services was the most important question in the last

quarter of the nineteenth century.' Explain. 1989

2 Describe the main features of the Panchayati Raj Bills. Does it, in your opinion, modify its

federal character? 1989

Trace the progress of the women's education from theearly days of the British rule to the

year 194(About 150 words) 1990

4. Trace the growth and development of University education till 191(About 150 words) 1991

5. State the various regulations imposed by the British Government to curtail the freedom of

the press. 1991

6. Write a short history of the Local Self-Government till the Reforms of 1919. 1992
7.Discuss the British policy towards Tibet from the end of the nineteenth century to the

Viceroyalty of Lord Curzon. (About 150 words each) 1994

o When was the system of open competitive examination in the Indian Civil Service

introduced ? Analyse the growth of the Indian

civil Service till the passing of the

Government of India Act, 1919. 1995

g. Assess the growth and development of Technical Education during the British rule. 1995

10. Discuss the major regulations enacted by the British rulers to curb the freedom of Press in

India. 2004

11. Discuss the main findings of the Hartog Committee (1929). 2004

12. What in your opinion were the positive steps taken by the British to modernise India ? 2005

13. Write about Bhawani Mandir. 2005

14. Write about Chouth and Sardeshmukhi. 2008

15. Write about : Haileybury College 2009

16. Write about : Ijara System. 2009

IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE ON INDIAN ECONOMY

1. The economic policies followed by the British led to the transformation of India's economy

into a colonial economy. They disrupted the traditional structure of the Indian economy.

Explain how this happened with special reference to agricultural rural employment and

development of our industries. 1983

The railways did in India what they did else where, they hastened the transition from

handicraft to mechanical industry by transforming the transport situation. Discuss. (About

150 words) 1992

What is meant by un-British' rule in India ? How did the Indian nationalists react against it

Evaluate the role of Dadabhai Naoroji in exposing the evils of British rule in India. 1994
What do you understand about 'Drain of wealth during British rule ? Examine its effects on

Indian economy. 1997

How did the policy of free trade hurt Indian textile industry and crafts in the latter half of

5.

the 19th century ? 1998

to"

The emergence of new social classes in Bribsh India was the direct consequence of the

establishment of new social economy, new state system, administrative machinery and

Western education. Discuss, (in about 150 words) 2008

7. British vision of India had no single coherent set of ideas. On the contrary, the ideas were

shot through with contradictions and inconsistencies. Discuss, (in about 150 words) 2008

8. "Many Englishmen honestly consider themselves the trustees for India and yet to what a

condition they have reduced our country."Critically anaylse in about 150 words. 2009

9. Examine critically the various facets of economic policies of the British in India from mid
eighteenth century till independence. 2014

10. Clarify how mid-eighteenth century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity.

(150 words, 10 marks) 2017

11. Examine how the decline of traditional artisanal industry in colonial India crippled the

rural economy. (250 words, 15 marks) 2017

12. Why indentured labour was taken by the British from India to their colonies? Have they

been able to preserve their cultural identity over there? (15) 2018

13. Why indentured labour was taken by the British from India to their colonies? Have they

been able to preserve their cultural identity over there? (15) 2022

ORGANIZATION/ ASSOCIATION

1. Theosophical Society of India 1996

Sarda Sadan

ii. Sabarmati Ashram

ii. Hunter Commission

2. Bharat Dharma Mahamandal. 1998

Who established the Arya Samaj? What was it's goal. 2000

4. Fort Williom College. 2000

5. Prarthana Samaj. 2001

fo- Satyasodhak Samaj. 2001

7. Dharma Sabha. 2002

8. Write a short note on Theosophical Society. 2004

9. Calcutta Madarsa. 2005

10. Write about Poona Sarvajanik Sabha. 2008

11. Write on Girni Kamgar Union

12. Evaluate the Influence of the three important women's organizations of the early twentieth

century in India on the country's society and politics. To what extent do you think were the

social objectives of these organizations constrained by their political objectives? (250

words) 2011

13. In the context of the freedom struggle, write a short note (not exceeding 50 words): Bharat

Naujawan Sabha. 2011

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHIES LIKE COMMUNISM, CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM ETC.-THEIR FORMS

AND EFFECT ON THE SOCIETY

The New Economic Policy - 1921 of Lenin had influenced the policies adopted by India soon

after Independence. Evaluate. 2014

VICEROY/GOVERNOR GENERAL

1.

"The Viceroyalties of Lord Lytton and Lord Ripon formed an important landmark in the

history of the Indian National Movement. Examine the truth of the statement. 1992

2. What were the basic differences between the conservative and the liberal schools of

administrators in the latter half of thep 19th century? 1993

3. HoW did the British illustrate Lord Canning's policy in treating the Indian Princes as

'Breakwaters in the storm? 1995

The policies of the British Indian Government during 1858- 1905 were aimed at preventing

another revolt of the masses. Elucidate. (250 words) 1996

5.

What was the Masterly Inactivity Policy? Why was it abandoned? 1996

6. How far Curzon's policy towards Tibet was influenced by strategic consideration. 1999
< Dalhousie's predecessors had acted on the general principles of avoiding annexations, if

these could be avoided. Dalhousie acted on the principles of annexation, if lie could do so

legitimately. His annexations were both of war and peace." Analyse. (150 words) 2010

8. "In many ways, Lord Dalhousie was the founder of modern India". Elaborate (200 words).

2013

9. Evaluate the policies of Lord Curzon and their long term implications on the national

movement. (150 words) 2020

POST-INDEPENDENCE CONSOLIDATION & REORGANIZATION WITHIN THE COUNTRY

1. Critically discuss the objectives of Bhoodan and Gramdan movements initiated by Acharya

Vinoba Bhave and their success. (200 words) 2013

2. Write a critical note on evolution and significance of the slogan Jai Jawan Jai Kisan. (200

words) 2013
3. Analyze the circumstances that led to the Tashkent Agreement in 196Discuss the highlights

of the Agreement. (200 words) 2013

Critically examine the compulsions which prompted India to play a decisive role in the

emergence of Bangladeshi. (200 words) 2013

5.

Has the formation of linguistic states strengthened the cause of Indian unity? 2016

WAR/MOVEMENT/REVOLT/MASSACRE

1.

Describe briefly the impact of the following on India (about 40 words each): 1979

i. The Great War of 1914-18

ii. The Green Revolution

iii Non-alignment
2.

Explain the significance of the following socio-religious movements: (Not exceeding two

sentences for each) 1986

i. Suddhi Movement

i. Self-Respect Movement

iii SNDP

Yogam

iv. The Deoband Movement

v. The Bhakti Movement

3. Explain the significance of the following in the socio-religious context: (50 words) 1988

i. Faraizi Movement
ii. Kuka Movement

4. What do you know about the following movements? 1989

Rahnumai Mazda Yasnam

ii. The Bhagat Movement

iii. The Wahabi Movement

5.

What do you know about the following movements? 1990

i. Farazi Movement

ii. Suddhi Movement

iil The Young Bengal Movement

6. What do you know about the following movements? 1999

Swadeshi Movement
ii. Khilafat Movement

ii Namdhari Movement

7. What do you know about the following movements? 1992

Wahabi Movement

Indigo Movement

ii.

ii. Quit India Movement

8. What do you know about the following? 1994

i. Tana Bhagat Movement

ii. Satyashodak Movement

iii. Khallafat Movement

9. Write about the chief features of the following: 1996

L. Ahmadiya Movement

ii. Mahayan Buddhism

10. Write about the chief features of Wahabi Movement. 1998

11. Write about the chief features of: 1999

i. Neo-art movement

ii. Munda Movement

12. Write about Darul-Uloom. 2005

13. The significance of Patharughat in the Indian freedom struggle. 2012

14. The third battle of Panipat was fought in 176Why were so many empire-shaking battles

fought at Panipat? 2014

15. Why did the armies of the British East India Company mostly comprising of Indian soldiers

win consistently - against the more numerous and better equipped armies of the Indian

rulers? Give reasons. (Answer in 150 words) 2022

Geography

Solar system

1. (a) What is the diamond ring effect' observed during a total solar eclipse? How is it caused?

(b) Astronomers have, of late, been discussing black hole'. What is a black hole? 1979

2. Why has Saturn's Titan been in the news recently? 2011

3. How does the Juno Mission of NASA help to understand the origin and evolution of the

Earth? (150 words) 2017

PHYSIOGRAPHY
1.

Mention the number of States and the number of Union Territories in India. 1979

2. Is it correct to say that the land of India slopes from West to East? 1981

3. Briefly describe the role of the Himalayas in the resource development of the country. 1983

4. (a) Why has Bombay longer sunshine after office hours than Calcutta?

(b) Why is the Coromandel coastal plain wider than the Malabar coast? 1983

Name the main physiographic divisions of India and give the salient features of each

5.

division. 1984

. (a) Despite the fact that half of India lies outside the Tropic of Cancer, India is called a

tropical country. Why is it so? 1987

(b) What is the Exclusive Economic Zone of India? Why has it been constituted? 1987

< What is eutrophication? What are its effects? 1987

8. How was the Meghalaya Plateau separated from the Deccan Plateau? 1991

9. What do you understand by Deccan Trap? Describe Its characteristics. 1995

10. Why do the Western Ghats receive more rainfall than the Eastern Ghats? 1995

11. Mention the advantages that India enjoys being at the head of the Indian Ocean. 1996

12. What are the geo-economic causes of underdevelopment of various regions in India? 1998

13. How do the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep differ in geological

evolution and topographical conditions? 1998

14. How is deforestation of Himalayas disturbing the ecological balance of north India? 1999

15. What is the importance of the Indian Ocean for India? 1999

16. Write note on Linguistic regions of India. 2000

17. Had there been no Himalayas, what would have been the winter climate in north India?
2001

18. Write a short note on Glacier. 2001

19. Write a short note on Equinox. 2001

20. Write a short note on Define Teral Region. 2003

21. Why are the Aravallis called a divide between Mewar and Marwar? 2004

22. Write a short note on Karewas. 2005

23. Write a short note on New Moore Island. 2006

24. Explain how the Himalayan and the Tibetan highlands play an important role in the

development of the South- West monsoon. (125 words) 2007

25. Write notes on Indira Point (20 words) 2007

26. Write notes on Causes of Chambal Ravines. (20 words) 2007

27. Write about Terai Region in 20 words. 2008

28. Assess the significance of coastal regions in the economic development in India. 2009

29. Write about Barren Island. 2009

30. Write brief but precise note on Sea -floor spreading.2010

31. Examine the causes and the extent of 'desertification in India and suggest remedial

measures. (250 words) 2012

32. What do you understand by he theory of 'continental drift? Discuss the prominent

evidence in its support. (100 words) 2013

33. Major hot deserts in the northern hemisphere are located between 20-300 N latitudes and

on the western side of the continent. Why? (200 words) 2013

34. Bring out the causes for the more frequent occurrence of landslides in the Himalayas than
in the Western Ghats. (100 words) 2013

35. There is no formation of deltas by rivers of the Western Ghats. Why? 2013

36. Why are the world's fold mountain systems located along the margins of continents? Bring

out the association between the global distribution of fold mountains and the earthquakes

and volcanoes. 2014

87. Explain the formation of thousands of islands in Indonesian and Philippines archipelagos

2014

38. "The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides.

measures of mitigation. 2016

Discuss the causes and suggest suitable

39. Define mantle plume and explain its role in plate tectonics. (Answer in 150 words) 2018

40. How can the mountain ecosystem be restored from the negative impact of development

initiatives and tourism? 2019

41. Discuss the geophysical characteristics of Circum- Pacific Zone. (Answer in 150 words) 2020

42. The process of desertification does not have climate boundaries. Justify with examples

(Answer in 150 words) 2020

43. Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats. (Answer

in 150 words) 2021

44. Why is India considered as a subcontinent? Elaborate your answer. (Answer in 150 words)

2021

45. Describe the characteristics and types of primary rocks. (Answer in 150 words) 2022

16. How are the fiords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of

the world? 2023

CLIMATE
T.

Unlike most other parts of the country, why is the Tamil Nadu coast wettest in November-

December and not in July-August? (1980

2. (a) What is the greenhouse effect? 1981

(b) What is Jaipur Foot`?

(c) What is the Richter scale used for?

(d) What is biological nitrogen fixation?

3. Monsoon is known to be an energy released by the sea. Explain. How does this energy

benefit the entire economic system of our country? In what ways could this country

prepare itself to fight the vagaries of the monsoons? (About 150 words) 1982

4. Why is India undertaking expeditions to Antarctica? Describe the influence of Antarctica

and the Antarctic ocean on the climate of India and on the nutrient and energy supply to

the Indian Ocean. 1983

5.

How far is It justifiable to state that the financial budget of this country is a gamble, against

the Indian monsoon? To what extent have developmental measures solved the problem?

1986
6 What is thre basis of monsoon forecasts now prepared by the Indian Meteorological

Department, which have been reasonably correct for the last three successive years? 1991

7. Which part of India receives more rainfall from the northeast monsoon than from the

southwest monsoon? Explain why It Is so. 1994

8. What is the intensity of rainfall? Discuss Its importance to Indian farmers. 1995

9. Discuss the origin of the Monsoon in India. 1997

10. Mention the agro-climatic regions of India stating the basis of classification. 2000

11. Write short note on Mango Showers. 2000

12. Explain the causes of the Indian Monsoon. 2001

13. Discuss the distribution of winds and rainfall over India In the summer monsoon season.

2002
14. Write note on Winter rains In India. 2008

15. The winter rains in North India are largely related to Jet Streams and Western

Disturbances. Bring out the relationship. (150 words) 2008

16. Write about Nor`westers In 20 words. 2008

17. Bring out the significance of the various activities of the Indian Meteorological Department

2009

18. List the significant local storms of the hot-weather season In the country and bring out their

socio- economic Impact. (150 words) 2010

19. Write brief but precise note on Frontogenesis and Frontolysis. 2010

20. Bring out the causes for the formation of heat islands in the urban habitat of the world. (100

words) 2013

What do you understand by the phenomenon of temperature inversion in meteorology?

How does it affect weather and the habitants of the place? (100 words) 2010

22. Explain the factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents. How do they influence

regional climates, fishing and navigation? 2015

23. How far do you agree that the behavior of the Indian monsoon has been changing due to

humanizing landscapes? Discuss 2015

24. How does the cryosphere affect global climate? (150 words) 2017

25. Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world and explain their

impact on local weather conditions, with examples. (Answer in 250 words) 2021

26. How do the melting of the Arctic ice and glaciers of the Antarctic differently affect eh

weather patterns and human activities on the Earth? Explain. (Answer in 250 words) 2021

27. Discuss the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for cyclone prone areas given by

India Meteorological Department. (Answer in 150 words) 2022

28. Troposphere is very significant atmospheric layer that determines weather processes. How?

2022

29. Discuss the consequences of climate change on food security in Tropical countries. 2023

30. Why is the South-West monsoon called 'Purvaiya' (Easterly) in Bhojpur region? How has
this directional seasonal wind system influenced the cultural ethos of the region? 2023

VEGITATION

Possessing a tremendous diversity of climate and physical conditions, India has a great

variety of fauna. What are the main categories/ species of Indian fauna? Name any three

which are unique in the world. What Important steps are being taken to preserve them?

Have these efforts been successful? (150 words) 1982

2. Which Is the largest expanse of tidal forests in India and in which State is it located? 1984

Where do we find large desert areas in India? What steps have been taken by the

Government for their development? 1985

be- List major areas of wasteland in India. Write a note on the prospects of the wasteland

development in the Country explaining its impact on the food, fodder, and fuel supply. 1986

5. Which parts of India are described as 'arid zones'? Comment on the characteristics and

economic activities prevalent in these regions. 1993

6. Where do mangrove forests occur In India? Describe their main characteristics. 1996

7 Why has there been opposition from the North-Eastern States to the Supreme Court ban on

all activities inside forests? 1997

8. Which parts of India have been identified as drought-prone? Mention the norms for such

identification. 1998

9. What is wasteland? Write a note on the prospects of wasteland development in India.2000

10. What are mangroves and in what way are they useful to us? 2001

11. Mention the area of Shola forests

India. 2003

12. Write a short note on the following: 2004

1. The Sambhar Lake

2. The Sundarban

3. Bombay High

4.

Sabarkantha & Banaskantha

13. Discuss the wetlands and their role In ecological conservation in India. 2009

14. Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining

coastal ecology. 2019

15. Examine the status of forest resources of India and its resultant impact on climate change,

(Answer in 250 words) 2020

16. Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of natural vegetation in India

Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rain forest regions of India.

SOIL

1. Describe the various types of soils and their distribution in India. 1983

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2. Soil erosion is one of the most crucial problems In India and offers the most frightening

prospects for the coming years. Describe the various kinds of soil erosion and the steps

which may be taken for the protection of land steps which may be taken for the protection

of land. 1984

3. What are laterite soils? Where do we find these In India? Explain their problem and the

most suitable use. 1984

4. What is black soil? Give their distribution in India and explain their uses and problems.

1988

What is the need for soil conservation? What are the major measures taken by the
Government towards conserving soil in India? 1990

6. Why is the soil of Malwa In Madhya Pradesh black while that of Karnataka red? Discuss the

relative fertility of these soils. 1994

Write short note on India's Laterite soils. 2000

8. Write a short note on Regurs. 2005

g, Write note on Causes of Soil erosion and its control in India. 2005

10. Write notes on Inceptisol. (20 words) 2007

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

1. Name the major International rivers flowing through India. What Countries / States are

covered by the Ganga and the Godavari rivers on their course from their source to the sea?

1980
c

Describe the different methods of irrigation practiced in India and bring out their relative

importance in view of the recent developments in irrigation. 1984

3 What Is Dakshin Gangotri and where is it located? 1984

4. What is Dakshina Ganga'? Why is so named? 1991

5. Describe the various measures taken under the Ganga Action Plan and their impact on the

water quality of the river. (About 250 words) 1994

6. Why have the rivers of peninsular India well-defined rigid channels In sharp contrast to the

Himalayan rivers? 1995

7. Write a short note on "Two prominent left bank tributaries of river Ganges". 2001
8. Describe the major characteristics of the rivers of Peninsular India. 2003

g. Elucidate the factors contributing to the growing need for water harvesting in India, both

rural and urban. 2005

10. Write note on Significance of Lake Chilka. 2005

11. Why do the rivers of west coast not form a delta? 2006

12. Write note on Hussain Sagar. 2006

13. Write about Buckingham Canal. 2008

14. Write brief but precise note on Causes for dominant dendritic pattern of drainage in the

Gangetic plains. 2010

AGRICULTURE
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1. Can the agricultural development, we have achieved so far, be considered adequate? If so,

why? If not, why not? 1980

2. Which are the States in India that produce () groundnut, (i) tea, (ii) tobacco, and (iv)

pepper? 1980

3. Write short notes on the following: 1981

1. Thai-Vaishet Project

2. Operation flood

What is shifting cultivation? Where in India has this been resorted to? Consider its

consequences and examine the steps taken by the Government to prevent this practice.

1981

5. Discuss the geographical conditions favoring the cultivation of wheat or rice

India and

describe the steps taken to improve its productivity. (About 150 words). 1982
6. Name the cotton-growing areas of India. Describe the various factors that favor its

cultivation in these areas. What part does cotton play in the present-day economy of India?

1983

> The government of India has given high priority to Oilseeds Development Program. What

strategy has been adopted tO accelerate the efforts to increase their production? Name

important oilseeds cultivated in India with their distribution. 1984

8. What are the important wheat-growing regions in India and why? Are we now growing

enough wheat in India to meet our own demand for it? 1985

9. What is white revolution? Discuss the different factors which have helped to bring about

this revolution in India. 1986

10. The Government of India has recently set up a Department of Food Processing. What are its

functions? 1988

11. Explain the concept of social forestry' in India. 1990

12. Mention the states where shifting cultivation is still practiced in India. 1990

13. Briefly explain the use of various chemical fertilizers in Indian agriculture. 1990

14. What is social forestry? Describe how social forestry can help in the uplift of the rural poor

1993

15. What is dryland agriculture? Discuss its importance to India. 1994

16. What is shifting cultivation? Describe its salient characteristics with reference to India. 1996

17. What is dry farming? Discuss its relevance in augmenting the food supply in India. 1999

18. Give an account of the tea plantations of Assam and West Bengal and state the economic

significance of these plantations. 2002

19. Write short notes on Jhum cultivation - process and consequences. 2002
20. Write a note on the Negative impacts of shifting cultivation. 2005

21. Agricultural Productivity in India remains low. Explain the reasons for this situation. (150

words) 2008

22. Write about Organic Farming in 20 words. 2008

23. Elaborate the steps taken by the Government for a regionally differentiated approach to

increase crop production and Diversification in the country. 2009

24. Whereas the British planters had developed tea gardens all along the Shivalik and Lesser

Himalayas from Assam to Himachal Pradesh, in effect they did not succeed beyond the

Darjeeling area. Explain. 2014

25. Why did the Green Revolution in India virtually bypass the eastern region despite fertile

soil and good availability of water? 2014

26. Mention the advantage of the cultivation of pulses because of which the year 2016 was

declared the International Year of Pulses By the United Nations. 2017

27. How and to what extent would micro irrigation help in solving India's water crisis? 2021

INDUSTRY/FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR LOCATION IF INDUSTRIES/TRADE

Why is there a concentration of the jute mills along the Hooghly and chemical industries

1.

in Gujarat? 1979

2. Briefly outline the causes of sickness in industries, particularly in the eastern region of

India. What are the concrete measures that are being taken to meet the situation and

with what results? 1980

3. Mention the distribution of steel plants in India, with foreign collaboration or assistance,

if any. What are the locational advantages enjoyed by each of these plant? 1981

4.

What is an industrial sick unit? Name the Indian industry where the problem of

industrial sickness is very acute. 1990

. What is the exclusive economic zone of a country? Discuss its relevance to India. 1994

6. Name the mineral which is mined at each of the following places: 1994
1. Neyveli

2.Panna

Jaduguda

7. Name the industry which is located at each of the following places: 1995

Bongaigaon

2. Alwaye

3. Kapurthala

Describe the changes that have taken place in the direction of international trade of

India since Independence. 1998

9. Write note on Khetri Copper Project. 2002

10. Account for the very high concentration of salt extraction industries in the Saurashtra

and South Tamilnadu Coast. 2003

11. Examine the distribution of oil refineries in India. 2004

12. Write note on Mixed economy. 2006

13. Write notes on Special Economic Zone (SEZ). (20 words) 2007

14. Bring out the pros and cons of Special Economic Zones. (150 words) 2008

15. Do you agree that there S a growing trend of opening new sugar mills in southern states

of India? Discuss with justification. (100 words) 2013

16. Analyze the factors for the highly decentralized cotton textile industry in India. (100

words) 2013
17. Account for the change in the spatial pattern of the Iron and Steel industry in the world.

2014

18. Discuss the factors for localization of agro-based food processing industries of North-

West India. 2019

19. Account for the present location of iron and steel industries away from the source of raw

material, by giving examples. (Answer in 150 words) 2020

20. Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of mineral oil in the

world. (Answer in 250 words) 2021

21. Describing the distribution of rubber-producing countries,indicate the major

environmental issues faced by them. (Answer in 250 words) 2022

POPULATION

Bring out the findings of the 1981 Census in regard to the growth and variations in rates of

growth of population in different parts of the country. How do you account for the

population explosion during the last three decades? What measures should be adopted for
population control? 1981

2 Where do the Todas and Santhals live in India? 1986

3. Mention any three tribal areas in India. What are the main components of the

Government's tribal development programme? 1988

4. Explain the factors affecting the distribution of population In India, bringing out the

variation in density over space. 1991

5. What measures has the Government of India taken for the development of Tribal areas in

India? (97/1I/6b/15)

6. Examine the fallout of the population explosion in India at the close of twentieth century.

(98/I/6a/10)

7. Name the mega cities of India and mention their specific problems. (99/l/6c/15)

8. Explain the major racial groups of India. (00/1/4b/10)

9 Write short note on Census definition of urban places. (02/I/5(iv)/2)

10. State the four distinctive stages of Indian Demographic history. (03/I/4C/10)

11. Write short notes on the following :

() Who are Todas and where do they live?

(i) Name any four principal languages of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. (03/1/5(il),(iv)/2)

12. Write notes on Jarawas. (20 words) (07/I/5C/2)

13. Write about Demographic Dividend. (08/I/4d/2)

14. Write brief but precise note on Transhumance in India. 2010

15. What characteristics can be assigned to monsoon climate that succeeds in feeding more

han 50 percent of the world population residing in Monsoon Asia? (250 words) 2017

TRANSPORTATION
1. Name two major ports each in India's eastern and western sea coast and the major

export/imports through each of these ports. 1980

2. Which are the terminal stations of the Black Diamond Express? Why is the train so named?

1981

3. Point out at least three advantages of dieselisation of rail transport in India. 1985

Where is the largest railway marshalling yard located in India? Also name the railway and

the district. 1984

5. What is MRTS? Where it is in operation? 2003

6. What is Golden Quadrilateral? How will it help in the economic development of the

country? 2004

< Technological changes have brought in a major shift in the use of roads as transport

corridors in India. How far do you agree with this view? 2007
8. Enumerate the problems and prospects of inland water transport in India. 2016

9. What is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? identifying industrial corridors,

explain their main characteristics. (Answer in 250 words) 2018

10. How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic

development of India? 2019

ENERGY RESOURCES

1. What are the current problems facing the Tarapur Atomic Power Project and what steps are

being considered to overcome them? 1979

2. Name the atomic mineral of which India has abundant resources. 1979

Comment on the performance of the Power (lectricity) Sector in India. What is the Impact

of recurring power shortages and frequent power cuts on production and growth? What

steps could be taken to tone up the performance of this vital sector of the economy? 1980
4. What is Geothermal? Mention a few areas where we have located geothermal resources in

India. 1980

5. What is Bombay High? What Is SAGAR SAMRT'S connection with Bombay High? 1980

6. What measures have been taken by the Government of India to develop our own sources

for the supply of petroleum crude? Discuss the measure of success achieved in this regard.

1985

> Expert opinion is sharply divided regarding the advisability or otherwise of building

nuclear power plants in India. Summarize the chief arguments on either side and suggest

what according to you would be a wiser policy. (About 250 words) 1987

8. What is the need for Coal Conservation? What are the major components of India's Coal

Conservation Policy? 1987

9. Explain the term captive power station. What is the aim of setting up of such stations? 1990

10. What do you understand by the Integrated Rural Energy System? Also mention at least

three new sources of Energy. 1991

1. Discuss the potential of solar energy utilization in India. (About 250 words) 1992

12. Mention some of the new programs that have been undertaken in recent years in respect of

nuclear research in India. 1992

13. Name of main petroleum producing areas in India. 2002

14. Write short note on Bombay High. 2004

15. What are the resource bases available for the economic development of the newly created

States of Jharkhand and Uttaranchal? 2005

16. Bring out the prospects of development of alternative energy sources of India. 2006

17. Write about Ultra Mega Power Projects 2006

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18. With growing scarcity of fossil fuels, the atomic energy is gaining more and more

significance in India. Discuss the availability of raw material required for the generation of

atomic energy in India and in the world. (200 words) 2013

19. "Inspite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development"

Discuss (150 words) 2017

20. Petroleum refineries are not necessarily located nearer to crude oil producing areas,

particularly in many of the developing countries. Explain its implications. (250 words) 2017

21. India has immense potential of solar energy though there are regional variations in its

developments. Elaborate. (Answer in 250 words) 2020

22. Examine the potential of wind energy in India and explain the reasons for their limited

spatial spread. (Answer in 150 words) 2022

NATURAL RESOURCE
I, It is said that India has substantial reserve of shale oil and gas, which can feed the needs of

the country for quarter century. However, tapping of the resource does not appear to be

high on the agenda. Discuss critically the availability and issues involved. (200 words) 2013

2. How does India see its place in the economic space of rising natural resource rich Africa?

2014

What are the economic significances of discovery of oil in Arctic Sea and its possible

environmental consequences? 2015

4. Why is India taking keen interest in resources of Arctic Region? (Answer in 150 words) 2018

5. Can the strategy of regional resource-based manufacturing help in promoting employment

in India? 2019

6. Discuss the natural resource potentials of 'Deccan Trap`. (Answer in 150 words) 2022
7, Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of

natural hazard preparedness in these areas. (250 words) 2023

WATER RESOURCE

1. Explain briefly the importance of the Beas Sutlej Link Project. 1979

2 What is the economic importance of the Kandla and Paradeep ports? 1979

3. What is the scope of the Farakka Barrage and what are the problems relating to it? What

proposals have been put forward toresolve the problems and with what results? 1980

Where is Thein dam being built and why? 1985

5. What are the objects of the Ganga Action Plan? Explain, in brief, the benefits of the plan

(About 75 words) 1986

5. Scarcity of safe drinking water is an acute problem In a large number of villages in India.

Point out he factors which make even the available water unfit for drinkingby the rural
population. What steps would you Recommend to make such water potable? (About 250

words) 1987

What is "under-water archaeology"? What important findings have been made in Indian

coastal waters recently? 1987

8, What is fluorosis? What can be done to minimise its harmful effects? 1988

9. Where is Tehri Dam located and what is the scope of the project? What are the objections of

the Environmentalists to the project? 1990

10. Explain the concept of National Water Grid and its objectives. 1990

11. Comment on the detrimental effects of canal irrigation? 1990

12. What is Jal Shakti'? What are its uses? 1991

13. The National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) is expected to set up a number of

hydroelectric projects in the Eighth plan. Summarise the salient features of the proposal.

1991

14. What is drip irrigation? Why is it considered the most efficient method of irrigation? 1995

15, Why has the Narmada River Valley Project attracted the attention of the common people?

1997

16. What do you know about Narmada Sagar Dam? 1998

17. Write note on Nagarjunasagar Project. 2000

18. What do you know about Hirakud Project. 2001

19. Write note on National Water Grid. 2006

20. Write about National Waterways. 2009

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21.The impact of climate change on water resources in India. Examine, (in about 150 words)

2011

22. Critically evaluate the various resources of the oceans which can be harnessed to meet the

resource crisis in the world. 2014

23. India is well endowed with fresh water resources. Critically examine why it still suffers

from water scarcity. 2015

24. The effective management of land and water resources will drastically reduce the human

miseries. Explain. 2016

25. Tropical cyclones are largely confined to South China Sea, Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mexico.

Why? 2016

26. In what way micro -watershed development projects help in water conservation in drought-

prone and semi-arid regions of India? 2016

27. Account for variations in oceanic salinity and discuss its multi-dimensional effects. (250

words) 2017
28. "The ideal solution of depleting ground water resources in India is water harvesting

system". How can it be made effective in urban areas? (Answer in 250 words) 2018

29. Defining blue revolution, explain the problems and strategies for pisciculture development

in India. (Answer in 250 words) 2018

30. What is water stress? How and why does it differ regionally in India? 2019

31. How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and coastal

environment? Give suitable examples. 2020

32. How will the melting of Himalayan glaciers have a far- reaching impact on the water

resources of India? (Answer in 150 words) 2020

33. The interlinking of revivers can provide viable solutions to the multi-dimensional inter-

related problems of droughts, floods and interrupted navigation. Critically examine.

(Answer in 250 words) 2020

34. What are he forces that influence ocean currents? Describe their role in fishing industry of
the world. (Answer in 250 words) 2020

35. Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater

resources? 2023

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

. Examine the recent developments that have taken place in identifying and mapping land

resources in India. 1991

2. What do you understand by Command Area Development? 1992

3. Why is there a demand for making Uttarakhand a Separate Hill State in India? 1997

4. Write a short note on Multi-level planning in India. 2000

5. Political boundaries and regional boundaries need to be co-termınus.

Do you agree? 2005

6 Smart cities in India cannot sustain without smart villages. Discuss this statement in the

backdrop of rural urban integration. 2015

GROWTH CENTRE/POLE

. What is the economic rationale behind the establishment of "growth centers"? Briefly

explain the criteria for selecting three growth centres. 1990

2. As part of the process of urban sprawl", distinguish between urban peripheral growth,

suburbs and satellite towns giving, at least, one example of each type from any

metropolitan centre of India. 1990

3. Define the concept of growth centres' and evaluate its relevance in regional planning in

India. 2002

4. Explain the nature and causes of growing slum problems in the metropolitan cities of India

2007
5. Mention the significance of straits and isthmus in international trade. 2022

ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY

1. Indicate the sources of atmospheric pollution in the major urban centres in India and the

steps to be taken to minimize the problem.1979

2. What is the scope of the Silent Valley Project and what are the issues which have been

raised in relation to it? Having regard to the different views expressed. How should the

Central Government proceed further in regard to this project? 1980

3. What do you understand by ecology? What measures are being taken to preserve the wild

flora and fauna and protect the endangered species of animals in India? Name three species

of animals for which special measures have been taken to preserve them. What results

have so far been achieved in this regard? 1981

When is the World Environment Day observed every year? What are the major factors

which have contributed to the degradation of the environment in India? 1982

5. Explain the importance of Project Tiger. 1983

6.

The environmental pollution poses serious health hazards in developing and developed

countries. Describe the various human activities that cause environmental pollution.

Suggest ways and means for containing environmental pollution in India. 1984

7. Why do the leaves 1look green in light? 1984

8. Give examples of some serious problem associated with the operation of chemical

industries in India and other countries. What technical steps can be taken to achieve

maximum safety in chemical factories? 1985

9. Why are floods such a recurrent feature in India? Discuss the measures taken by the

Government for flood control. 1985

10. What is the "Chipko' movement about, and what is its significance? 1985

11. What do you understand by Ecological Balance? Why is this balance necessary? What is

being done in India today to maintain this balance? 1987

12. What is "Science City." 1987

13. State the types of environmental pollution and some of the places where it has occurred

due tO the progress of industrialization in India. 1988

14. Which parts of India were mainly affected by the severe drought of 1987-88? What were its

main consequences?1988

15. Where is the Desert National Park situated in India? Why has it been created? 1988

16. Some experts are of the opinion that the dams and the reservoirs located in different parts

of the country may lead to undesirable consequences. How far are these fears justified?

1988

17. What is El Nino? How is it relevant to India? 1988

18. What are the harmful consequences of excessive noise? 1988

19. What is Ozone pollution? 1988

20. What is Sugar Sampada? What have been its contributions? 1989

21. What is Sardar Sarovar Project? What is the nature of the controversy surrounding it? 1989

22. It has been estimated that there are more than four million leprosy patients in India. What

steps are being taken by the Government of India for their treatment and rehabilitation?

1989

23. What is a "Biosphere Reserve"? Explain its significance. 1990

24. Account for the varied environmental problems resulting from widespread deforestation in

both Aravallis and Himalayan regions. 1990

25. What is biodiversity? Why should it be preserved? (250 words) 1990

26. What are the main recommendations of the Montreal Protocol to protect the Ozone layer?
What are the implications for India of the latest convention held in London? (250 words)

1990

27.What is meant by global warning? What are its effects? 1990

28. What was the magnitude of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy and what were the salient features of

the Supreme Court verdict on the Bhopal Gas Tragedy? 1991

29. What do you understand by Environmental Pollution? Mention the various kinds of

pollution and their effect on human health in India. 1992

30. Give your assessment of the soundness of large river valley projects with high dams vis-a-

vis smaller river valley projects. 1993

31. What is a biosphere reserve? 1993

32. What is 'El Nino'? 1994

33. Describe the salient features of Project Tiger. How far has it helped in saving the tiger from

extinction? 1994

32. What is 'El Nino'? 1994

33. Describe the salient features of Project Tiger. How far has it helped in saving the tiger from

extinction? 1994

34. What is the greenhouse effect? What are its adverse effects on the Earth's environment?

What steps are being taken to check the same? (250 words) 1995

35. What is lead-free petrol? What are its merits and demerits? 1995

36. What is El Nino? What is its relevance to India? 1994

37. What is an ozone hole? How is it formed and what effect does It have on the earth? 1996

38. What is the safe level of noise for the human ear? Give the noise level of an electric bell.

1997

89. What is an ozone hole? How is it caused and what are its implications for life on Earth?

1999
40. What is CNG? How can it reduce air pollution? 1999

41. What are greenhouse gases? What impact do they have on the Earth's climate and with

what consequences? Elaborate. 2000

42. What does the Montreal Protocol deal with? Discuss its role in protecting Earth's

environment. 2001

43. Write a short note on El Nino. 2001

44. Write a short note on Kaziranga Park. 2002

45. Plastic hazards - Discuss. 2002

46. Discuss about Environment, its components, and its awareness. 2002
47. What do you understand by depletion of the ozone layer and why is it considered harmful?

Name ozone-depleting substances and processes. What international ramifications took

place to protect the ozone layer and what was the target agreed upon?

48. "Global Warming"

Discuss. 2003

49. Short note on El Nino, La Nina and monsoon. 2004

50. Write notes on the causes of droughts in India. 2004

51. Describe the sources of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations and their effects on the biotic

components of the atmosphere. 2005

52. Why do environmentalists regard asbestos and polythene as a pollutant? 2005

53. What is energy independence? Discuss how India can be transformed into an
Independent Nation`. 2005

Energy

54. What is disaster Management? Discuss the steps required to tackle natural disasters. 2005

55. Justify with necessary logic *"Biological clean-up methods can be cheaper han the

conventional physical and chemical pollution treatments". 2006

56. How has the Indian State tackled the trade-off between environment and development?

2006

57. Blue Revolution has definite advantages in India but it is not free from environmental

impacts. Discuss. 2006

58. Differentiate between Natural and Cultural heritage. 2007

59. Write about The UN Conference on Environment and Development (The Earth Summit).

2007

60. Answer any one of the following: 2007

1.

Explain the phenomenon of ozone depletion, and its causes and effects. What effects are
needed to reduce it?

2 What do you understand by the term biodiversity? Examine the causes and

consequences of the degeneration of biodiversity.

61. Write a short note on Desert National Park. (20 words) 2009

52. Write a brief note (30 words): PFCs and liquid breathing. 2009

63. Comment on the spatial components in urban solid waste management in the country. (150

words) 2010

64. Bring out the salient features of the evolution and the current status of the Bharat Stage

vehicle emission norms in the country. (150 words) 2010

5. List any eight Ilamsar wetland sites located in India. What is the Montreux Record' and

what Indian sites are included in this Record? 2010

66. Comment on the recent HFC-23 emissions controversy that includes in its ambit some

Indian companies. 2010

67. Bring out the applications of computer models in studying climate changes, with special

reference to the Community Earth System Model (CESM). 2010

68. In the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),

distinguish between Annex I and Annex II countries. 2010

. As regards the increasing rates of melting of Arctic Sea ice, the interests of the Arctic

Council Nations may not coincide with those of the wider world." Explain. 2011

70. The diminishing population of vultures. Comment.2011

71. Why has the L'Aquila earthquake been in the news recently? 2011

72, phase - IV of the tiger monitoring program in India. Comment.

73. Why have Billion Acts of Green' been in the news recently?
74. Composition and Functions of the National Executive Committee of the National Disaster

Management Authority. Comment. 2011

75. What Permaculture? Give examples where permaculture is put to use. (100 words) 2012

76. Explain the concepts of "Environmental Sustainability" and *Sustainable Development of

People". (50 words) 2012

77. In the context of growing demands for the ban of Endosulfan in the country, critically

examine the issues involved. What, in your view, should be done in the matter?

78. The issue of tourism in core areas of tiger reserve forests in the country is a subject matter

of debate. Critically examine various aspects of this issue, keeping in view pronouncements

(250 words) 2012

79. The recent cyclone on the east coast of India was called "Phailin. How are the tropical

cyclones named across the world? Elaborate. (100 words) 2013

80. What are the consequences of illegal mining? Discuss the Ministry of Environment and

Forests' concept of GO AND NO GO zones for the coal mining sector. (200 words) 2013

31. Enumerate the National Water Policy of India. Taking river Ganges as an example, discuss

the strategies that may be adopted for river water pollution control and management. What

are the legal provisions for the management and handling of hazardous wastes in India?

(200 words) 2013

82. How important are vulnerability and risk assessment for pre-disaster management? As an

administrator, what are key areas that you would focus on in a Disaster Management

System? (200 words) 2013

83. Drought has been recognized as a disaster in view of its spatial expanse, temporal duration,

slow onset, and lasting effects on vulnerable sections. With a focus on the September 2010

guidelines from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), discuss the

mechanisms for preparedness to deal with likely El Nino and La Nina fallouts in India. 2014

34. Most of the unusual climatic happenings are explained as an outcome of the El-Nino effect.

Do you agree? 2014

35. Tropical cyclones are largely confined to the South China Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the
Gulf of Mexico. Why? 2014

86. Bring out the relationship between the shrinking Himalayan Glaciers and the symptoms of

climate change in the Indian sub-continent. 2014

87. Mumbai, Delhi, and Kolkata are the three Megacities of the country but air pollution is a

much more serious problem in Delhi as compared to the other two. Why is this so? 2015

88. The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand are reaching the

imits of their ecological carrying capacity due to tourism. Critically evaluate. 2015

9. The frequency of earthquakes appears to have Increased In the Indian subcontinent

However, India's preparedness for mitigating its impact has significant gaps. Discuss

various aspects. 2015

90. The frequency of urban floods due to high-intensity rainfall has increased over the years.

Discussing the reasons for urban floods, highlight the mechanisms for preparedness to

reduce the risk during such events.2016

1. Concerning National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines discuss the

measures to be adopted to mitigate the impact of recent incidents of cloudbursts in many

places of Uttarakhand. 2016

92. Major cities of India are becoming more vulnerable to flood conditions. Discuss. 2016

93. Rehabilitation of human settlements is one of the important environmental impacts that

always attract controversy while planning major projects. Discuss the measures suggested

for mitigation of this impact while proposing major developmental projects. 2016

94. Discuss the concept of Air Mass and explain its role in macro-climatic changes. 2016

95. Not many years ago, river linking was a concept, but it is becoming a reality in the country.

Discuss the advantages of river linking and its possible impact on the environment. (150

words) 2017

96. In what way can floods be converted into a sustainable source of irrigation and all-weather

inland navigation in India? (250 words) 2017

97. "Climate Change' is a global problem. How India will be affected by climate change? How

Himalayan and coastal states of India will be affected by climate change? (250 words) 2017
98. On 26 December 2004, the Tsunami brought havoc on fourteen countries including India.

Discuss the factors responsible for the occurrence of the Tsunami and its effects on life and

economy. In the light of guidelines of NDMA (2010) describe the mechanisms for

preparedness to reduce the risk during such events. (250 words) 2017

99. Describe various measures taken in India for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) before and

after signing the Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030). How is this framework different

from Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005? (250 words) 2018

100. What are he impediments in disposing of the huge quantities of discarded solid wastes that

are continuously being generated? How do we remove safely the toxic wastes that have

been accumulating in our habitable environment? (150 words) 2018

101.What is wetland? Explain the Ramsar concept of wise use' in the context of wetland

conservation. Cite two examples of Ramsar sites from India. (150 words) 2018

102. What are the consequences of the spreading of Dead Zones' on marine ecosystems? (150

words) 2018
103. "Access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy S the sine qua

non to

achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)." Comment on the progress made in India in

this regard. (150 words)

104. Sikkim is the first *Organic State in India. What are the ecological and economic benefits of

an Organic State? 2018 (150 words)

105. How does biodiversity vary in India? How is the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 helpful in the

conservation of flora and fauna? (250 words) 2018

106. Assess the impact of global warming on coral life systems with examples. (150 words) 2019

107. Coastal sand mining, whether legal or illegal, poses one of the biggest threats to our

environment. Analyze the impact of sand mining along the Indian coasts, citing specific

examples. (150 words) 2019

108. Define the concept of the carrying capacity of an ecosystem as relevant to an environment.

Explain how understanding this concept is vital while planning for the sustainable

development of a region. (250 words) 2019

109. Vulnerability is an essential element for defining disaster impacts and its threat to people.

How and in what ways can

vulnerability to disasters be characterized? Discuss different

types of vulnerability with reference to disasters. (150 words) 2019

110. Disaster preparedness is the first step in any disaster management process. Explain how
hazard zonation mapping will help in disaster mitigation in the case of landslides. (250

words) 2019

111. Discuss the recent measures initiated in disaster management by the Government of India

departing from the earlier reactive approach. (250 words) 2020

112. How does the draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2020 differ from the

existing EIA Notification, 2006? (150 words) 2020

113. What are the salient features of the Jai Shakti Abhiyan launched by the Government of

India for water conservation and water security? (150 words) 2020

114. What are the key features of the National Clean At Programme (NCAP) initiated by the

Government of Init (250 words)

115. Account for the huge flooding of a million cities in India including the smart ones like

Hyderabad and Pune. Suggest lasting remedial measures. 2020

116. Explain the purpose of the Green Grid Initiative launched at the World Leaders Summit of

the COP26 UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow in November 2021. When was this

idea first floated in the International Solar Alliance (ISA)? 150

117. Describe the key points of the revised Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs) recently

released by the World Health Organisation WHO). How are these different from its last

updated 2005? What changes in India's National Clean Air Programme are required to

achieve these revised standards? (250 words)

118. Describe the major outcomes of the 26 sessions of the conference of the parties (COP) to the

United Nations Frame Work Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) What are the

commitments made by India in this conference? (250 words)

119. Each year a large amount of plant material, cellulose, is deposited on the surface of Planet

Earth. What are the natural processes this cellulose undergoes before yielding carbon

dioxide, water, and other end products? (Answer in 150 words) 2022

120. Discuss in detail the photochemical smog emphasising its formation, effects, and mitigation.Explain
the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol. (Answer in 150 words) 2022

121. Explain the mechanism_ and occurrence of cloudburst in the context of the Indian

subcontinent. Discuss two recent examples. (Answer in 150 words) 2022

122. Discuss global warming and mention its effects on the global climate. Explain the control

measures to bring down the level of greenhouse gases that cause global warming, in the

light of the Kyoto Protocol, 1997. (Answer in 250 words) 2022

123. Explain the causes and effects of coastal erosion in India. What are the available coastal

management techniques for combating the hazard? (Answer in 250 words)

124. What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil
pollution particularly harmful for a country like India? (Answer in 150 words) 2023

125. The adoption of electric vehicles is rapidly growing worldwide. How do electric vehicles

contribute to reducing carbon emissions and what are the key benefits they offer compared

tO traditional combustion engine vehicles? (Answer in 250 words) 2023

126. Comment on the National Wetland Conservation Programme initiated by the Government

of India and name a few of India's wetlands of international importance included in the

Ramsar Sites. (Answer in 250 words) 2023

127. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted a global sea level rise of
about one meter by AD 2100. What would be its impact on India and the other countries

in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words) 2023

AGRICULTURE

Can the agricultural development, we have achieved so far, be considered adequate? If so, why? If

not, why not? 1980

2. Which are he States in India that produce (i) groundnut, (ii) tea, (iii) tobacco, and (iv) pepper? 1980

3. Write short notes on the following: 1981

Thai - Vaishet Project

2.Operation flood

Dk* What is shifting cultivation? Where in India has this been resorted to? Consider its consequences

and examine the steps taken by the Government to prevent this practice. 1981

5. Discuss the geographical conditions favouring the cultivation of wheat or rice in India and describe

the steps taken to improve its productivity. (About 150 words). 1982

6. Name the cotton-growing areas of India. Describe the various factors that favour its cultivation in

these areas. What part does cotton play in the present-day economy of India? 1983

7.

The government of India has given high priority to Oilseeds Development Program. What strategy

has been adopted to accelerate the efforts to increase their production? Name important oilseeds

cultivated in India with their distribution. 1984

8. What are the important wheat-growing regions in India and why? Are we now growing enough

wheat in India to meet our own demand for it? 1985

9. What is a white revolution? Discuss the different factors which have helped to bring about this

revolution in India. 1986

10. The Government of India has recently set up a Department of Food Processing. What are its

functions? 1988

11. Explain the concept of social forestry' in India. 1990

12. Mention the states where shifting cultivation is still practiced in India. 1990

13. Briefly explain the use of various chemical fertilizers in Indian agriculture. 1990

14. What is social forestry? Describe how social forestry can help in the uplift of the rural poor. 1993

15. What is dryland agriculture? Discuss its importance to India. 1994

16. What is shifting cultivation? Describe its salient characteristics with reference to India. 1996

17. What is dry farming? Discuss its relevance in augmenting the food supply in India. 1999

18. Give an account of the tea plantations of Assam and West Bengal and state the economic
significance

of these plantations. 2002

19. Write short notes on Jhum cultivation

process and consequences. 2002

20. Write a note on the Negative impacts of shifting cultivation. 2005

21. Agricultural Productivity in India remains low. Explain the reasons for this situation. (150 words)

2008

22. Write about Organic Farming in 20 words. 2008

23. Elaborate on the steps taken by the Government for a regionally differentiated approach to increase

crop production and Diversification in the country. 2009

24. Whereas the British planters had developed tea gardens all along the Shivalik and Lesser Himalayas

from Assam to Himachal Pradesh, in effect they did not succeed beyond the Darjeeling area. Explain.

2014

25. Why did the Green Revolution in India virtually bypass the eastern region despite fertile soil and

good availability of water? 2014

26. Mention the advantage of the cultivation of pulses because of which the year 2016 was declared the

International Year of Pulses By the United Nations. 2017

27. How and to what extent would micro-irrigation help in solving India's water crisis? 2021

28. What are the main bottlenecks in the upstream and downstream processes of marketing

agricultural products in India? (Answer in 250 words) 2022

29. What is an Integrated Farming System? How is it helpful to small and marginal farmers in India?

(Answer in 250 words) 2022

30. How does e-technology help farmers in the production and marketing of agricultural produce?

Explain it. (Answer in 150 words) 2023

31. Explain the changes in cropping patterns in India in the context of changes in consumption patterns

and marketing conditions. (Answer in 250 words) 2023

32. What are the direct and indirect subsidies provided to the farm sector in India? Discuss the issues

raised by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in relation to agricultural subsidies. (Answer in 250

words) 2023

Polity and Constitution UPSC Mains Topic Wise

Previous Year Questions (1979-2023)

1. BASIC FEATURE OF THE CONSTITUTION

1. What is Parliamentary Democracy? How does the Indian Parliament exercise control over

the Union executive? Can the Parliament have any control over the State Executives? Assess

the role of the Standing Committees of the Parliament in the exercise of control. (About 400

words). 1981

Examine the relative roles of the Legislature, Judiciary, and Executive in the functioning of

2.

the parliamentary system of the Government of India. Is it a fact that the Executive has

been tending to be more powerful over the years? (in about 150 words) 1982

3. Separation of Powers is essential to ensure individual liberty' Discuss this with regard to

the provisions in the Constitution and practices adopted so far. (in about 150 words). 1983

There is no need to replace the Parliamentary form of Government in India with the

Presidential form of Government. Justify or oppose this statement with cogent arguments.

(250 words) 1984

S It is he duty of the majority to instill confidence in the minority. Conversely, the minorities

must also look beyond narrow sectarian interests and work for the larger goal of a real
secular society in India. Evaluate in the light of the spirit of the Indian Constitution and the

Indian experience. (in about 250 words) 1984

6 Is the Indian Parliament Sovereign or a non-sovereign legislature or both? 1984

7. Discuss the political, social, and economic characteristics of the Indian State. (About 250

words) 1985

o Describe the emergence of the Basic Structure concept in the Indian Constitution. (150

words) 1994

9. Distinguish between Parliamentary and Presidential forms of Government. Do you think

that changing over to presidential form will be a solution for better governance?

Substantiate your answer. (About 250 words) 1995

10. What do you understand by the term Rule of Law? How does the Constitution of India seek

to establish it? (About 250 words) 1996

11. Examine the need for the review of the Indian Constitution. (250 words) 2000

12. Bring out the aberrations of the parliamentary system of government in India

(about250words) 2001
13. What is a constitution? What are the main sources of the Indian Constitution? (250 words)

2007

14. Do you think there is a need for a review of the Indian Constitution? Justify your view. (250

words) 2008

15. Write on the Significance of 26th November in the country's polity in about 20 words. 2009

16. What was held in the Coelho case? In this context, can you say that judicial review is of key

importance amongst the basic features of the Constitution? 2016

17. Did the Government of India Act, of 1935 lay down a federal constitution? Discuss 2016

18. 'Constitutional morality` is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential

facets. Explain the doctrine of 'Constitutional Morality with the help of relevant judicial

decisions. (Answer in 150 words) 2021

19. "Besides being a moral imperative of a Welfare State, primary health structure is a

necessary precondition for sustainable development." Analyze. 2021

20. "Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy".

Comment. 2023

21. "The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It

is a constitution made for a progressive society." Illustrate with special reference to the

expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty. 2023

PREAMBLE

What are the major commitments of the Constitution of India as incorporated in its

preamble? (in about 150 words) 1988

2. Why is India called a Republic? 1988

3. The Preamble to the Constitution is aimed to embody the fundamental values and the

philosophy on which the Constitution is based. Elucidate, (in about 75 words). 1997

4. What is the significance of the preamble to a constitution? Bring out the philosophy of the

Indian polity as enshrined in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. (in about 250 words)

2004
5. Discuss each adjective attached to the word 'Republic in the Preamble'. Are they

defendable in the present circumstances? 200

3. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT

1. The Press in India is free to publish any news and views except those, which are

objectionable from the point of view of the security of state, friendly relations with Foreign

States etc. What steps have been taken recently by the Government to prevent a monopoly

of the management of the newspaper, to encourage the growth of small newspapers, and to

prevent the exploitation of working journalists and other employees of Indian newspapers

? (Not more than 150 words) 1981

2. Bring out the significance of the Fundamental Rights hold and dispose of property has

ceased to be a fundamental right. Examine the purpose of the change involved, (in about

150 words) 1981

3. Why has there been reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Tribes in the legislatures

and in public Services? Has the purpose been achieved ? Indicate recent developments, (in

about 150 words) 1981

Differentiate between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy. Do you
think that the latter has been adequately implemented? Give reasons for your views, (in

about 150 words) 1982

Consider he recommendations of the Mandal Commission and offer your comments,

5.

referring to the Situations obtained in the country.(in about 150 words) 1983

6. What is meant by Habeas Corpus? What is the purpose of a writ of Habeas Corpus? 1983

<

What is the present status of the Right to Property ? 1984

8. What is dealt with in Article 25 of Indian Constitution? What was the controversy about it

recently ? (Not more than 100 words) 1984

9. What are the main causes of the anti-reservation stir

Gujarat? What are the provisions

our Constitution regarding reservation ? Do you consider the policy of reservation justi fied?

(About 200 words) 1985

10. What do you understand by preventive detention? 1986

11. Discuss the importance of Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, (in about 150 words) 1987

12. Define the writ of Certiorari. 1987

13. What do you understand by positive discrimination? 1987

14. Explain the concept of Minorities in the Indian Constitution and mention the safeguards

provided therein for their protection. (150 words) 1988

15. What are the "reasonable restrictions" mentioned in the Indian Constitution accompanying

the fundamental rights? (in about 150 words) 1990

16. Explain the significance of Prasar Bharati Corporation in the context of modem mass media.

2009

17. Define the Writ of Mandamus. Explain its importance. 1990

18. Discuss the secular nature of Indian polity and the position provided in the Constitution of
India. 1991

19. The writ of Mandamus will not be granted against certain persons. Who are they ? 1992

20. Distinguish between preventive detention and punitive detention. 1993

21. What are the various writs available to the citizens of India ? 1993

. What is meant by equal protection of law' ? 1993

24. What is the purpose of Article 24 of the Constitution of India ? 1993

25. Differentiate between the due process of law` and 'the procedure established by law in the

context of deprivation of personal liberty in India. 1994

26. Explain the meaning of ex-post-facto legislation. 1994

27, Indicate the provisions of the Indian Constitution relating to Secularism. 1994
28.What are the constitutional rights of the citizens of India ? What do you think about the

demand of the NRI's for dual citizenship ? (150 words) 1995

29. What is the present status of the right to property as a Fundamental Right ? 1995

30. Why is Article 32 considered as the cornerstone of the Constitution ? 1995

31. The Writ of Mandamus cannot be granted against certain persons. Who are they ? 1996

32. What are the provisions regarding the protection of Linguistic minorities in the

Constitution ? (in about 75 words) 1997

33. What is Social Justice ? How can reservation of seats for women in Parliament contribute to

the establishment of a socially just society in India ? 1997

34. What, according to the Supreme Court, constituted The Basic Features' which is upheld in

case known as

(i) Keshavanand Bharati v/s. State of Kerala

(i) Minerva Mills v/s. Union of India ? (in about 150 words) 1997

35. What specific provisions exist in the Constitution of India about child labour? 1997

86. What were the circumstances leading to the promulgation of the Prasar Bharti Ordinance in

August 1998? (in about 50 words) 1998

37. State the amplitude of Article 21 of the Constitution. 1998

38. On what grounds does Article15 of the Indian Constitution prohibit discrimination? Indicate

the way the concept of Special protection' has qualified this prohibition, and contributed to

social change. (In about 250 words) 1999

39. What is the status of the Right to Property in the Indian Constitution ? (in about 25 words)

1999

40. Discuss the constitutional provisions regarding the rights of children, (in about 150 words)

2001

41.Discuss how the Constitution of India provides equal rights.(In about 250 words) 2004

42. What is Habeas Corpus ? (20 words) 2004

43. What is the special facility provided to the linguistic minorities under Article 350 A ? 2004

44. Give your views on the right to freedom of religion as enshrined in the Indian Constitution.

Do they make India a secular State ? (250 words) 2005

45. What are the constitutional limitations on the free movements of Indians throughout the

country ? (150 words) 2005

46. What is meant by 'double jeopardy? (20 words) 2005

47. What is right to life and personal liberty ? How have the courts expanded its meaning in

recent years? (in 250 words) 2006

48. Bring out the differences between Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State

Policy. Discuss some of the measures taken by the Union and State Governments for the

implementation of the Directive Principles of State Policy. (250 words) 2007

49. What is the importance of the Right to Constitutional Remedies? 2007

50. As we live in a plural society we need the greatest freedom to express our opinions even if

others find it offensive'- Do you agree? Discuss with reference to some recent incidents in

the Indian context. 2009

51. What are the Rights within the ambit of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution? (50 words)

2012

52. Discuss Section 66A of the IT Act, with reference to the alleged violation of Article 19 of the

Constitution. (200 words) 2013

53. What do you understand by the concept "freedom of speech and expression" ? Does it cover

hate speech also ? Why do the films in India stand on a slightly different plane from other

forms of expression? Discuss. 2014

54. What do you understand by the concept "freedom of speech and expression"? Does it cover

hate speech also? Why do the films in India stand on a slightly different plane from other

forms of expression? Discuss 2014

55. Does the right to clean environment entail legal regulations on burning crackers during

Diwali? Discuss in the ight of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution and Judgment(s) of the
Apex Court in this regard 2015

56. Examine the scope of Fundamental Rights in the light of the latest judgement of the

Supreme Court on Right to Privacy. 2017

57. Right to movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to

the Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute"". Comment 2022

4. DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY

1.

Write short notes in 150 words on Directive Principles of State Policy. 1997

2 Mention any three Directive Principles concerning social and economic justice. 1984

3 What additions have been made to the Directive Principles of State Policy since the

commencement of the Constitution? 1985

4. Briefly mention why and how the Chapter on Directive Principles gained precedence over

the Chapter on Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution. (About 250 words) 1987
5. Besides the Directive contained in Part IV, there are certain other Directives addressed to

the state in other parts of the Constitution. What are they? (150 words) 1992

What have been the observations of the Supreme Court in recent judgment in respect of a

Uniform Civil Code? (in about 50 words) 1995

Briefly state the stages through which the present position of the Directive Principles vis-a-

vis the Fundamental rights has emerged. 1998

8 Principles of State Policy have primacy over Fundamental Rights. (in about 150 words) 1999

What is the importance of Directive Principles of State Policy? Mention which Directive

9. What is the constitutional position of Directive Principles of State Policy? How has it been

2.

interpreted by the judiciary after the emergency in 1975-77 ? (in about 250 words) 2001

10. Discuss the constitutional provisions relating to the nonjusticiable directives binding upon

the states. (in about 150 words) 2002

Fundamental duties
1. Write a short note on the Fundamental Duties of Indian Citizens, (in about 150 words) 1980

2. Indicate the nature of the Fundamental Duties inserted in our Constitution. 1982

3. What are the fundamental duties and their implications,(in about 150 words) 1993

4. Write any four fundamental duties prescribed in the Constitution of India. 1997

5. Identify the major Fundamental Duties, (in about 150 words) 2003

6. Enumerate the Fundamental Duties incorporated in the Constitution after the 42nd

Amendment. 2008

7. Essentially all that is contained in Part IV A of the Constitution is just a codification of

tasks integral to the Indian way of life Critically examine this statement, (in about 250

words) 2011

6. SEPARATION OF POWER BETWEEN VARIOUS ORGAN, DISPUTE REDRESSAL MECHANISMS

AND INSTITUTIONS

1.

Separation of power is essential to ensure individual liberty. Discuss this with regard to the

provision in the constitution and practices adopted so far. 1983

2.Do you think that the constitution of India does not accept the principle of strict separation

of powers rather it is based on the principle of 'checks and balances? Explain. (10 Marks)

2019

3. Judicial Legislation is antithetical to the doctrine of separation of powers as envisaged in

the Indian Constitution. In this context justify the filing of a large number of public interest

petitions praying for issuing guidelines to executive authorities. (250 Words, 15 Marks) 2020

7. COMPARISON OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION WITH OTHER COUNTRY

1. What can France learn from the Indian Constitution's approach to secularism ? 2019

2. The judicial systems in India and UK seem to be converging as well as diverging in the

recent times. Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the two

nations in terms bf their judicial practices. (Answer in 150 words) 2020

3. Analyze the distinguishing features of the notion of Right to Equality in the Constitutions of

the USA and India. (Answer in 250 words) 2021

Critically examine the procedures through which the Presidents of India and France are

elected. (Answer in 250 words) 2022

5. Compare and contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary sovereignty.

2023

CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS

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State (not more than 2 lines) as to what the following stands for the 42nd Amendment. 1979
2. What is the basic structure of the Constitution of India? Briefly review the important

amendments to the Constitution since its adoption by the Constituent Assembly. Specify any

particular amendments which were later repealed and the reasons therefor. (About 500

words) 1979

. What was the amendment made,in1976, in the Preamble of our Constitution? Discuss its

significance, (in about 250 words) 1983

What is the objective of the Commission of Inquiry (Amendment) Bill of 1986? 1988

5. What are the major recommendations of the National Perspective Plan for women, 1988

and what are the relevant recommendations as envisaged in the Constitutional Amendment

Bill (64th Amendment)? (in about 150 words) 1990

6. What are the general features of the amending procedures of the Constitution of India ?

(About 250 words) 1990

Four more anguages were added to the 8th Schedule of the Constitution through two

amendments. Give the names of these four languages as also the serial number of

amendments. 1994
8. Highlight the significance of the Twenty Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of India ?

(in about 150 words) 1999

9. What are the main differences between the passage of a Constitution Amendment Bill and

other Legislative Bills? (in about 250 words) 2001

10. What is the importance of the 84th Amendment of the Indian Constitution? (20 marks) 2002

11. How is the Constitution of India amended? Do you think that the procedure for amendment

makes The Constitution a plaything in the hands of the Centre? (in about 250 words) 20002

12. Highlight the significance of Forty-Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of India. (150

words) 2003

13. How would you differentiate between the passage of a Constitution Amendment Bill and of

an Ordinary Legislative Bill. 2006

14. With respect to Cooperative Societies what are the salient features of the 106th and 111th
Constitutional Amendment Bills as at present ? (150 words) 2010

15. What are the salient features of the Consumer Protection (Amendment) Bill, 2011

introduced in the Lok Sabha in December 2011 ? 2012

16.The Supreme Court of India keeps a check on arbitrary power of the Parliament in

amending the Constitution". Discuss critically. (200 words) 2013

7, If the amendment bill to the Whistleblowers Protection Act 2011 tabled in the Parliament is

passed, there may be no one left to protect. Critically Evaluate. 2015

18. Discuss the essentials of the 69th Constitutional Amendment Act and anomalies, if any that

have led to recent reported conflicts between the elected representatives and the institution

of the Lieutenant Governor n the administration of Delhi. Do you think that this will give

rise to a new trend in the functioning of the Indian federal politics? 2016

19. Explain the salient features of the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act,

2016. Do you think it is efficacious enough 'to remove cascading effect of taxes and provide

for a common national market for goods and services'? 2017

20. "Parliament's power to amend the Constitutions is a limited power and it cannot be

enlarged into absolute power." In the light of this statement explain whether Parliament

under Article 368 of the Constitution can destroy the Basic Structure of the Constitution by

expanding its amending power? 2019

21. Explain the significance of the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act. To what extent does it

reflect the accommodative spirit of federalism? 2023

EMERGENCY PROVISION

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Many countries which achieved independence after the war have come under dictatorship

or military rule. What are the forces that have enabled India to maintain a democratic

system ? Consider in this connection, the emergency provisions in the Constitution of India,

in making your presentation. (About 250 words) 1983

2. Under what circumstances, can the Financial Emergency be imposed in India ? 1987

3 Explain the significance of the April 1994 Supreme Court judgement on the proclamation of
President's rule, (in about 150 words) 1994

4. Define Financial Emergency. How many times has this been proclaimed so far ? 1995

5. What is Article 356 in the Indian Constitution? Comment 1997

6. What do you know about the following: Article 356 (in 20 words) 1998

7. Discuss the meaning of breakdown of constitutional machinery, What are its effects, (in

about 250 words) 2004

8. Under what circumstances can the Financial Emergency be proclaimed by the President of

India? What consequences follow when such a declaration remains in force? 2018

9. Account for the legal and political factors responsible of the reduced frequency of using

Article 356 by the Union Governments since mid 1990s. 2023

10. SILENT FEATURES OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE'S ACT, 1951

1.

On what grounds a people's representative can be disqualified under the Representation of

peoples Act, 1951? Also mention the remedies available to such person against his

disqualification. 2019

2."There is a need for simplification of procedure for disqualification of persons found guilty

IN

of corrupt practices under the Representation of peoples Act Comment. (Answer in 150

words) 2020

3. Discuss the procedures to decide the disputes arising out of t the election of a Member of the

Parliament or State Legislature under The Representation of the People Act, 1951. What are

the grounds on which the election of any returned candidate may be declared void ? what

remedy is available to the aggrieved party against the decision? Refer to the case laws.

(Answer in 250 words) 2022

11. CORRUPTION

1. What are the significant features of Lokpal Bill recently introduced in the Lok Sabha ? 1998
2 Point out the constitution and functions of the Central Vigilance Commission. 1998

3. Write notes on the Lokpal bill. (125 words) 2007

Examine corruption as a serious development challenge in Indian Polity. 2009

4.

S A national Lokpal however strong it may be, cannot resolve the problem of immorality in

public affairs. Discuss.202

STATE'S AUTONOMY/CREATION/MOVEMENT

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. What is the scheme of division of powers between the Centre and the States under the

Constitution of India? Discuss whether the grant of greater autonomy to the States would be
in the interests of strengthening the integrity and promoting the economic development of

the country. (About 500 words) 1979

2, Keeping in view the political developments in India, explain how the need for national

integration and the urge for regional autonomy can be reconciled. (About 250 words) 1985

3. Why has the Jharkhand Movement acquired prominence? What are its main demands? (in

about 50 words) 1989

4. Examine whether the grant of greater autonomy to the States would be in the interest of

strengthening the integrity and promoting the economic development of the country,

especially in the light of recent happenings in our Country. (About 250 words) 1991

5. Discuss the justification for the creation of new states in the U.,P. and Bihar. (100 words)

1998

6. How are the new States formed in India? Why have the demands of separate states like

those of Vidarbha, Telangana etc. not been considered by the Government recently? (in

about 150 words) 1998

7. Examine the demand for greater State-autonomy and also its impact on the smooth

functioning of the Indian polity, (in about 250 words)

Examine the demand for greater state autonomy and its Impact on the smooth functioning

of Indian polity. (150 words) 2008

9. Growing feeling of regionalism is an important factor In generation of demand for a

separate State. Discuss. (200 words) 2013

10. Many State Governments further bifurcate geographical administrative areas like Districts

and Talukas for better governance. In light of the above, can it also be justified that more

number of smaller States would bring in effective governance at State level? Discuss. (200

words) 2013

11. To what extent is Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, bearing marginal note "Temporary

provision with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir", temporary? Discuss the future

prospects of this provision in the context of Indian polity. 2016

12. Discuss whether the formation of a new state in recent times is beneficial or not for the

economy of India. 2018

13. Explain the constitutional provisions under which Legislative Councils are established.

Review the working and status of Legislative Councils with suitable illustrations. (Answer in

250 words) 2021

13. CIVIL SERVICE IN INDIA

1. What are the respective roles of the political leadership and the permanent civil services in

the governance of India? What steps, if any, in your view, have to be taken to secure better

appreciation of the functions of the civil Services and to secure their proper and efficient

functioning ? (About 500 words) 1980

2. The Supreme Court has held that a Government servant could be dismissed or removed

from service without an inquiry, under Article 311 (2) (B) of the Constitution in 'public

interest` and for public good`. What is your view on this issue? (About 75 words) 1985

3. Examine the role of the bureaucracy as an instrument of social and economic change

India. In this context, discuss the relationship between the ministers and the civil servants

in the policy-making process. (About 250 words) 1986

4. Describe the Constitutional position of the Civil Services in India. How is their neutrality

and independence sought to be achieved? (in about 150 words) 1990

5.

What are the constitutional provisions that ensure the independence of the Public Service
Commissions in India? (in about 150 words) 1991

6. Distinguish between the All-India Services and Central Services. 1992

7. How does the Indian Constitution Seek to maintain independence of the Public Service

Commission ? (in about 250 words) 2004

8 Has the Cadre based Civil Services Organization been the cause of slow change in India

Critically examine. 2014

g. Initially Civil Services in India were designed to achieve the goals of neutrality and

effectiveness, which seems to be lacking in the present context. Do you agree with the view

that drastic reforms are required in Civil Services. Comment. (2017)

10 Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance.' In this context suggest

reforms in Civil Service for strengthening democracy. (150 words, 10 marks) 2020

14. INTER-STATE WATER DISPUTE

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1. What are the basic points of dispute over the sharing of the Cauvery water ? What are the

recommendations of the Supreme Court ? (30 words) 1990

2. What role can the Union Government play in settling inter-state water disputes ? 1996

3. What solution has been arrived at recently in the Cauvery water dispute ? (50 words) 1998

4. Under what Article of the Constitution an the Union Government play its role in settling

inter-state water disputes ? (20 words) 2002

5. The Inter-State river water dispute has once again assumed center-stage after the Punjab

Assembly's Bill terminating all previous accords on river waters. Discuss. (In about 250

words) 2004

6- How does the Inter-State Council establish co-ordination between States ? (150 words) 2006

7. "Disputes between the riparian

states On sharing of river waters in post-Independence

India are Becoming increasingly complex." Objectively analyze the major disputes in this

connection, with special reference to the Southern States. 2010

Constitutional mechanism to resolve the inter-state water disputes have failed to address

and solve the problems. Is the failure due to structural or process inadequacy or both ?

Discuss. (200 words) 2013

15.CAG AND ATTORNEY GENERAL

1. What are the functions of the Attorney General ? (in about 1 or 2 sentence) 1981

. Define the duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India in regard to

Audit and show how the Constitution provides for his independence from Executive

Control. (250 words) 1989

3. What Constitutional provisions make the office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of

India independent ? 1996

4. Distinguish between the auditing and accounting functions of the CAG of India. 2008

5.

Exercise of CAG's powers in relation to the accounts of the Union and the States is derived

from Article 149 of the Indian Constitution. Discuss whether audit of the Governments

policy implementation could amount to overstepping its own (CAG) jurisdiction. 2016
5. "The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) has a very vital role to play." Explain how this

is reflected in the method and term of his appointment as well as the range of powers he

can exercise 2018

< The Attorney-General is the chief legal adviser and lawyer of the Government of India.

Discuss 2019

THE UNION EXECUTIVE

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1.

To what authority is the Union Council of Ministers collectively responsible ? 1979

2. Write short notes on Bonus Ordinance issued by the President in August 80. (150 words)
1980

3. Write short notes on CHOGRM II, NEW DELHI, 1980 in about 150 words. 1980

Describe briefly the legislative and executive powers of the President of India. Have there

been any changes during the past decade ? 0ffer your comments. (in about 150 words) 1981

5. Can a member of Parliament be the Minister of a State? (in about 1 or 2 sentence) 1981

6. How is the Vice-President of India chosen ? (in about 1 or 2 sentence) 1981

7. The Office of the President of India was designed on the British model. With this

background, consider the modifications of the executive powers of the President by the

42nd Amendment, 1976 and thereafter by the 44th Amendment 1978 to the Constitution of

India. Comment on the changes. (150 words) 1982

8. On what grounds can the President of India be impeached ? 1984

9. Distinguish between the Head of States and the Head of Government Which of the two

Offices is more important India ? 1984

10. Write a note on the Ordinance making power of the President of India. (150 words) 1986
11. What categories of persons are nominated by the President to the Rajya Sabha ? 1986

12. How is the Vice-President of India elected ? 1986

13. To what extent does the President of India possess discretionary powers ? If any, what are

they ? (in about 150 words) 1987

14. Discuss the relationship between the Executive and the legislative wings with reference to

India. (in about 150 words) 1989

5. Examine the constitutional relation between the President and the Prime Minister of India,

(About 250 words) 1991

16. Discuss the powers of the President of India regarding the scheduled areas. (150 words)

1991

17. Distinguish between Care-taker Government and Minority Government. 1991

18. State the difference between the Minister and Cabinet. 1991
19. State the difference between the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet. 1992

20. Explain the status of the Ministers known as 'Ministers of State'. 1995

21. How are the President and the Vice President of India elected ? What are the constitutional

issues involved in their election ? (About 250 words) 1997

22. Explain the concept of Prime Ministerial Government' and accounts for its decline in recent

times in India, (in about 250 words) 1997

23. How is the Vice-President of India elected ? (in about 25 words) 1999

24.Do you justify the Prime Minister's entry into Parliament through the Rajya Sabha ? (20

words) 2000

25. Comment on the nature of Ordinance-making power of the President of India. What

safeguards are there against possible misuse ? (150 words) 2001

26. What is the composition of the Electoral College for the election of the President of the
Indian Republic? How is the value of votes cast counted ? (250 words) 2002

27. Discuss the question of death sentence and Presidential clemency. (250 words) 2003

28. State the difference between Council of Ministers and the Cabinet. (20 words) 2003

29. How is the Vice President of India elected ? (20 words) 2003

30. To what extent can the President withhold his assent to a Bill already passed by the

Parliament ? (20 words) 2006

31. What are the exceptions when the President of India is not bound by the aid and advice of

the Council of Ministers ? (150 words) 2007

32. How is the President of India elected ? 2007

33. What is the difference between the Council of Ministers and Cabinet ? 2007
34. Write on Pocket Veto in about 20 words. 2009

35. The exercise of executive clemency is not a privilege but is based on several principles, and

discretion has to be exercised in public considerations. Analyze this statement in the

context of the judicial powers of the President of India. (250 words) 2011

36. Determining the Value 'assigned to the vote of a Member of a State Legislative Assembly

and of a Member of Parliament in the Indian Presidential elections. 2012

37. Instances of President's delay in commuting death sentences have come under public

debate as denial of justice. Should there be a time limit specified for the President to

accept/reject such petitions? Analyse. 2014

38. The size of the cabinet should be as big as governmental work justifies and as big as the

Prime Minister can manage as a team. How far is the efficacy of a government then

inversely related to the size of the cabinet? Discuss. 2014

39. Resorting to ordinance has always raised concern on violation of the spirit of separation of

powers doctrine. While noting the rationales justifying the power to promulgate

ordinances, analyze whether the decisions of the Supreme Court on the issue have further

facilitated resorting to this power. Should the power to promulgate ordinances be repealed?

2015
40. What are the major changes brought in the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 through

he recent Ordinance promulgated by the President? How far will it improve India's dispute

resolution mechanism? Discuss 2015

PARLIAMENT

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1.

What is meant by Sovereignty of Parliament ? Consider whether the Indian Parliament is a

sovereign body. (in about 150 words) 1982

2. When is a joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament held? Who summons the sitting?

Who presides over it ? 1982

3. When can Parliament make a law on a subject given in the State list ? 1982

4. Despite all the talk about the need for an effective opposition, why has it not been possible

to develop an effective opposition in India? Enumerate the principal impediments to the

achievement of the much desired political Objective, (in about 150 words) 1984

5. How does the Parliament seek to exercise control over the public sector undertakings? 1986

6. Identify the nature and method of parliamentary control over the executive in Indian

polity. (About 250 Words) 1987

7. Discuss the methods by which Parliament controls public expenditure in India.(About 250

words) 1988

8. State the privileges of the members of the Parliament? 1988

9, What is meant by collective responsibility of Parliamentary democracy ? 1988

10. Discuss the powers, privileges and immunities of the Indian Parliament. (About 250 words)

1989
11. What is contempt of Parliament ? Mention its various kinds. 1990

12. What Is lame-duck-session of legislature ? 1990

13. Who isa Pro tern Speaker ? What are his responsibilities? 1992

14. Describe the doctrine of colourable legislation. (150 words) 1993

15. What is delegated legislation and which are the factors responsible for its increase ? (in

about 150 words) 1996

16. What are the Consolidated and Contingency Funds of India. How are the two operated ? (in

about 150 words) 1996

17. The Writ of Mandamus can not be granted against certain person. Who they are? 1996

18. What is meant by Protem Speaker" ? 1998

19. Which of the cases regarding disqualifications for Membership of either House of

Parliament are decided by the President ? 1998

20. Differentiate between Parliamentary Secretary and Lok Sabha Secretary. 1998

21. Who presides over the Joint-Session of the two Houses of the Indian Parliament over a non-

money bill ? (in about 25 words) 1999

22. What is the maximum gap between two sessions of the Indian Parliament? (25 words) 1999

23. How does Parliament control the Union Executive? How effective is its control? (250 words)

2000

24. What is the Contempt of Parliament ? 2000

25. Explain the Local Area Development Scheme of the Members of Parliament. 2001

26. When is the device of joint sitting of both the Houses of Parliament not available? 2001

27. The issue of a hung Parliament adversely affects the stability of the Indian Government."
Discuss the statement and point out how far changing over to the Presidential form of

government will be a solution to this problem. (in about 250 words) 2002

28. What is the role of the pro-tem speaker ? (20 words) 2002

29. What is meant by the ]ame-duck session' of the legislature? 2002

30. Discuss Parliamentary Control over the Executive, (in about 250 words) 2003

31. Identify the major obstacles in the smooth functioning of Parliamentary democracy in

India. 2003

32. Define Money-bill. Discuss how it is passed in the Parliament. (150 words) 2004

33. Who and what does the Indian Parliament consist of ? (20 words) 2005

34. On what grounds can a member be disqualified from either House of Parliament ? (250

words) 2006

35. Explain the following terms : (20 words) 2006

1. Dissolution of the House

2 Prorogation of the House

3. Adjournment of the business of the House

36. What is Consolidated Fund of India? 2006

37. What is pro tern Speaker ? (150 words) 2007

38. Under what circumstances , Parliament may legislate on State subjects ? (150 words) 2007

39. What is Casting Vote? 2007

40. What is Consolidated fund ? (20words) 2007

41. What is contempt of Parliament? 2008

42. The Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members as envisaged in
Article of the Constitution leave room for a large number of uncodified and

unenumerated privileges to continue. Assess the reasons for the absence of legal

codification of the parliamentary privileges. How can this problem be addressed? 2014

43. To what extent, in your view, the Parliament is able to ensure accountability of the

executive in India? 2021

18. LOK SABHA

1. When is a

member of the Lok Sabha qualified to be appointed leader of the opposition ?

1981

2 What is the provision in the Constitution for representation of the Anglo-Indian community

in the Lok Sabha ? 1981

Examine the powers and functions of the speaker of the Lok Sabha. (about 150 words) 1981

4. What are the functions of the Business Advisory Committee of the Loksabha ? 1990
5. Explain the scope of Article 1995

6. Examine the reasons for the non

Sabha. (in about 250 words) 1998

introduction of Women's Reservation Bill in the Lok

7. What is Ethics Committee of Lok Sabha ? 2001

8. Bring out the powers and responsibilities attached to the office of the Speaker of the Lok

Sabha. 2001

9. "Once a speaker, Always a speaker'! Do you think the practice should be adopted to impart

objectivity to the office of the Speaker of Lok Sabha? What could be its implication ns for

the robust functioning of parliamentary business in India? (Answer in 150 words) 2020

RAJYA SABHA
Voj LTE

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1.

What categories of persons are nominated by the President of India to the Rajya Sabha?

1979

2. Discuss the provisions of Article 249 of the Indian Constitution. (150 words) 1986

3. Explain the relevance of Rajya Sabha asa second chamber in the Federal set-up of the

Indian Parliamentary System. (150 words) 1989

4. "There are certain spheres where the Rajya Sabha alone has the authority. What are they?

1989

5.

Describe the procedure for the creation of Second Chamber of the State Legislature. 1990

6o Describe the powers and functions of the Council of States. Compare its powers with those

of the House of the People. (About 250 words) 1993

1

Describe the non-federal features of the Council of States. (150 words) 1995

8. In what ways is the RAJYA SABHA expected to play a special role in todays changing

political scenario? (About 250 words) 1999

9. Explain the relevance of Rajya Sabha as a second chamber in the federal set up of Indian

Parliamentary System.(150 words) 2003

10. Write brief but precise note on Legislative powers assigned to the Rajya Sabha under Art.

249 and Art. 312 of the Constitution. 2010

11. Rajya Sabha has been transformed from a "useless stepney tyre' to the most useful

supporting organ in past few decades. Highlight the factors as well as the areas in which

this transformation could be visible. (Answer in 250 words) 2020

12. Discuss the role of the Vice-President of India as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. (Answer

in 150 words) 2022

20. PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE

1. What is Public Accounts Committee of the Parliament in India? 1982

2. Describe the organization and functions of the committee system in Indian Parliament.

1989

3. Discuss the value of the consultative committees attached to the different Ministries of the

Government of India? 1989

4. Indicate the structure and functions of the Committee on Public Undertakings. (150 words)

1992

5. FvDlain e functions of the Estimates Committee. (150 words) 1995

6. Assess the importance of the role played by the Public Accounts Committee. (150 words)

1999
Examine the role of Estimates Committee. 150 words) 2000

8. Explain the role of the Public Accounts Committee. (150 words) 2002

9. Distinction between Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committees'

*Parliamentary Forums'. Comment, (in about 150 words) 2011

and

10. Individual Parliamentarian's role as the national law maker is on a decline, which in turn.

has adversely impacted the quality f debates and their outcome.Discuss.0.Individual

Parliamentarian's role as the national law maker is on a decline, which in turn, has

adversely impacted the quality of debates and their outcome. Discuss.2017

11. Why do you think the committees are considered to be useful for parliamentary work?

Discuss, in this context, the role of Estimates Committee. 2018

2. Do Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees keep the administration on its

toes and inspire reverence for parliamentary control? Evaluate the working of such
committees with suitable examples. (Answer in 250 words) 2021

13. Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial

committees helped in the institutionalization of Indian Parliament? 2023

21. PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS

Write short notes on Procedure relating to Money Bills to be passed by Parliament. (150

1.

words) 1980

2. What is Appropriation Bill? 1986

What do you understand by 'zero-hour' in the conduct of business in Parliament?

4. What is meant by a Cut Motion in Parliament? Mention its different kinds. 1988

5.

Distinguish between a starred question and an unstarred one asked in the Parliament. 1989

How is breach of Parliament privilege different from Contempt of the House? (1989)
^

Explain what is a point of order? When can it be raised? 1989

8. Distinguish between Annual Financial Statement and Annual Finance Bill. 1992

9.

What is a Cut Motion? Discuss its significance. (in about 150 words) 1996

10.. What do Rule 184 and 19in Parliamentary Procedure signify? 1997

11. What is a Privilege Motion? 1998

12. In case of any dispute whether a bill is money bill or not, whose decision is final? (25

words) 1999

13. What is vote on account? (20 words) 2000

14. What is a Privilege Motion? (20 words) 2000

15. What is Call Attention Motion? 2001

16. What is a point of order? When can it be raised? (in about 20 words) 2003

17. What is a Privilege Motion? 2003

18. What is meant by Sine-die' adjournment? (20 words)

19. What is a Censure Motion? 2007

20. Distinguish between a starred question and an unstarred one asked in the Parliament. 2008

21. What are the grounds of disqualification of a Member of Parliament from either House?

Quote relevant provisions in your answer. (150 words)

22. How is disagreement between the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly of a

State in passing of an ordinary Bill, resolved?

23, The role of individual MPs (Member of Parliament) has diminished over the years and as a

result healthy constructive debates on policy issues are not usually witnessed. How far can

this be attnbuted to the anti defection law which was legislated but with a different

intention? (200 words) 2013

24. The Indian Constitution has provisions for holding a joint session of the two houses of the

Parliament. Enumerate the occasions when this would normally happen and also the

occasions when it cannot, with reasons thereof. 2017

25. Individual Parliamentarian's role as the national law maker is on a decline, which in turn,

has adversely impacted the quality of debates and their outcome. Discuss. 2019

22. JUDICIARY

Write short notes not exceeding 150 words on Role of the judiciary in India. 1979

2. How will you define judicial review`. 1982

3. Discuss the importance of the independence of judiciary in a democracy. (150 words) 1984
4. What is the meaning of public interest litigation? 1985

5. What is public interest litigation? What are the circumstances contributing to its

prominence in recent times? (About 0 words) 1986

6. How are Chief Justices of High Courts in India appointed? 1987

Explain the scope of the Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India. (150 words)

1992

3. What is the position of the Supreme Court under the Constitution of India? Discuss its role

as a guardian of the Constitution. (About 250 words) 1995

9. What is meant by Judicial Activism'? Evaluate its role in reducing corruption in public life.

(About 0 words on each. 1995

10.. Evaluate the significance of Supreme Court judgement on the Income Tax Returns of
political parties, (about 50 words) 1996

11. Present your views for and against the creation of an All India Judicial Service. (150 word.

1997

12. Bring out the Issues involved in the appointments and transfer of judges of the Supreme

Court and High Courts in India. (50 words) 1998

13. What constitutes the doctrine of basic features' as introduced into the Constitution of India

by the Judiciary? (in about 250 words) 2000

14. Explain Public Interest Litigation. Who can file it and on what basis can it be rejected by the

Court of Law?(in about 125 words) 2000

15. What is the position of the Supreme Court under the Constitution of India? How far does it

play its role as the guardian of the Constitution? (250 words) 2002

16. How can a judge of the Supreme Court be removed? (20 words) 2004

17. Is it possible to distinguish between judicial review and judicial activism in India? Does the

recent behavior of the Indian judiciary partake more of judicial activism? Argue with

suitable examples.(250 words) 2005

18. What is the common point between Articles 14 and 226 of the Indian Constitution? 2005

19. Isthe High Courts power to issue writs' wider than that of the Supreme Court of India? (150

words) 2006

20. What is meant by "Judicial Activism'? Evaluate its role in the context of the functioning of

Indian polity. (250 words) 2008

21. Write about the Supreme Court on Ragging. 2008

22. Evolution of "Green Benches' in our higher judiciary. Comment, (in about 150 words) 2011

23. Starting from inventing the "basic structure' doctrine, the judiciary has played a highly

proactive role in ensuring that India develops into a thriving democracy. In light of the

statement, evaluate the role played by judicial activism in achieving the ideals of

democracy. '2014
24. From the resolution of contentious issues regarding the distribution of legislative powers by

the courts, Principle of Federal Supremacy' and 'Harmonious Construction' have emerged.

Explain 2019

25. Critically examine the Supreme Court's judgement on

'National Judicial Appointments

Commission Act, 2014' with reference to the appointment of judges of higher judiciary in

India. 2017

26. Discuss the desirability of greater representation to women in the higher judiciary to

ensure diversity, equity and inclusiveness. (Answer in 150 words) 2021

27. Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of the National Legal Services

Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India. 2023

23. STATUTORY, REGULATORY AND QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES

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. "For achieving the desired objectives, it is necessary to ensure that the regulatory

institutions remain independent and autonomous". Discuss in the light of experience in the

past. 2015

recent

2. What is a quasi-judicial body? Explain with the help of concrete examples 2016

3. How far do you agree with the view hat tribunals curtail the jurisdiction of ordinary

courts? In view of the above, discuss the constitutional validity and competency of the

tribunals in India. 2018

4.

+The Central Administrative Tribunal which was established for redressal of grievances and

complaints by or against central government employees, nowadays is exercising its powers

as an independent judicial authority." Explain. 2019

Discuss the role of the National Commission for Backward Classes in the wake of its

5.

transformation from a statutory body to a constitutional body. (Answer in 150 words) 2022

24. STATE EXECUTIVE

1. Who is eligible to be appointed Governor of a State in India? 1983

2 How is the Governor of a State appointed in India? Does the manner of his appointment

ensure his Independent functioning? (150 words) 1984

3. When can the Governor of a State reserve a bill for consideration by the President? 1984

Examine the role and functions of the State Governors as set out in the Constitution of

India. 1988

S Explain the nature and extent of discretionary powers and special responsibilities of the

Governor in the Indian Constitution. (150 words) 1990

6.When can the Governor of a State reserve a Bill for consideration by the President of India?

1991

7. "In India, though the Governor is the constitutional head of a state just as the President of

the country, the former may be enjoying more powers than the latter. Do you agree? Give
reasons. (About 250 words) 1994

8.Is there any provision to impeach the Governor of a State? (25 words) 1999

9. What were the two major considerations o have the Governor appointed and not elected?

2008

10. Discuss the essential conditions for

exercise of the legislative powers by the Governor.

Discuss the legality of re-promulgation of ordinance by the Governor without placing them

before the Legislature. (Answer in 250 words) 2022

25. STATE LEGISLATURE

1. How and by which authority can a State Legislative Council be abolished? 1983

Should the Speaker of a Legislative Assembly appear before the courts on summons? Justify

your viewpoint.(50 words) 1993

3. What is a bicameral legislature? Mention the states that have a bicameral legislature in our

country. 1995

A On what grounds the Legislative Councils are justified? How is it created or abolished in a

State? (150 words) 1998

5. Why is it said that the center has absolute veto over State Legislature? (20 words) 2001

6. Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of State Legislatures in maintaining order and

impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices.

2023

26. LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT

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1. Panchayati Raj has been designed to function as the grassroots of democracy in India.
Describe its Organizational set-up. What is the present position? Assess the performance of

the Panchayati System. 1981

2. What were the aims with which the Panchayati Raj was created in India? Have these aims

been fulfilled? What is the present position of the Panchayati Raj? (150 words) 1983

What changes, according to you, have taken place In the power structure in rural India in

recent decades? (in about 150 words) 1985

4. Bring out the main change in the Panchayati Raj System in India through the Seventy Third

Constitutional Amendment Act? (150 words) 1993

5. Highlight the significance of the Seventy-Third Amendment to the Constitution of India?

(150 words) 1998

6. What is meant by the fringe areas in the sphere of local government in India? (20 words)

2002

7. Discuss how state governments can exercise control over panchayats. (150 words) 2004
8. Would you say that the implementation of the Panchayati System in the last 20 years has led

to real restructuring of the Indian polity? 2005

Write on PESA, 1996 in about 20 words.2009

10. The local self-government system in India has not proved to be effective instrument of

governance.' Critically examine the statement and give your views to improve the situation.

2017

11. Assess the importance of the Panchayat system in India as

a part of local government. Apart

from government grants, what sources the Panchayats can look out for financing

development projects? 2018

12. "The reservation of seats for women in the institutions of local self-government has had a

limited impact on the patriarchal character of the Indian Political Process." Comment. (250

words) 2019

13, "The States in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well

as financially." Comment. 2023

PARTY SYSTEM IN INDIA/PRESSURE GROUP

1.Name three important regional political parties in India. 1979

2. With which political party is the All-India Trade Union Congress aligned? 1979

3. Is it correct to describe the party system in India as a "one-party dominant system'? Give

reasons for your answer. (150 words) 1985

4. What is the party, affiliation of each of the following trade unions? INTUC; AITUC ; IFTU ;

HMS;CITU. 1985

5. Discuss the role of the pressure groups in Indian politics. (150 words) 1986

6. "There are political personalities but nO political parties in India.` Comment. (150 words)

1987

7. Distinguish between value-based politics and personality-based politics. 1991

Examine the role of caste in Indian politics. (150 words) 2008

9. Examine the impact of Regional Political Parties in Indian politics. (150words) 2008

10. Pressure group politics is sometimes seen as the informal face of politics. With regard to the

above, assess the structure and functioning of pressure groups in India. (200 words) 2013

11. "The Indian party system is passing through a phase of transaction which looks to be full of

contradictions and paradoxes." Discuss 2016

12. How do pressure groups influence Indian political process? Do you agree with this view

that informal pressure groups have emerged as powerful than formal pressure groups in

recent years? 2017

13. What are he methods used by the farmers' organizations to influence the policy-makers in

India and how effective are these methods? 2019

14. Pressure Groups play a vital role in influencing public policy making in India." Explain

how the business associations contribute to public policies. 2021

15. While the national political parties in India favors centralization, the regional parties are in

favors of State autonomy." Comment. (Answer in 250 words) 2022

ELECTION/ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA/ANTI DEFECTION

1. Write short notes on Problems of political defections and possible remedies. (150 words)

1979

e Write short notes on functions of the Election Commission. 1979

3. What is "floor crossing'? Have Governments legislated on the subject of "floor crossing'?

1980

4. There have been allegations about malpractices in the process of election to the Lok Sabha

and vidhan Sabhas. What are the major malpractices reported by the political parties, mass

media, etc.? What remedial measures have been taken by the Chief Election Commissioner

In this connection? Have you any suggestions to offer on further measures, which can be

taken to eliminate or reduce such malpractices? (Not more than 200 words) 1982

5. The phenomenon of political defections in India has assumed large proportions in recent

years. Bring out the factors responsible for the growth of this phenomenon. Is it right to say

that ban on defection will amount to suppression of freedom of thought and action? (About

250 words) 1982

6. Discuss the composition and functions of the Election Commission. (450 words) 1984

7. Why was it considered necessary to pass the anti-defection bill. In what ways is it likely to

improve the political health of the country? 1985

8. Analyse the main factors which influenced the voting patterns in the 1984 Lok Sabha

Sections in India. (150 words) 1985

9. What are the main features of the Anti-defection legislation of 1985? (150 words) 1987

10. Explain the Constitutional responsibilities of the Election Commission of India. (150 words)

1988

11. Review the present Electoral System In India and suggest modifications to ensure better and

healthier Policy. (In about 250 words) 1990

12. Describe the composition and functions of the Election Commission of India. (150 words)
1993

13. What is the stand of the Election Commission on the residential qualification of the

members of the Rajya Sabha? (0 words) 1994

14. Explain the position of the Election Commission with regard to the residential qualification

of the members of the Council of States. What do you think about it? (150 words) 1994

15. Describe the salient features of Anti-Defection Law. (150 words) 1995

6. The recent elections in India seem to necessitate a change In the style of governance

Explain. (50 words) 1996

17. How are electoral constituencies delimited for Parliamentary elections In India. 1996

18. What Is the major recommendation of Dinesh Goswaml Committee? 1996

19. Differentiate and state the significance of general election, mid-term election and by-

election. (150 words 1998

20. Identify the major electoral reforms which are necessary in the Indian Political System. (150

words) 2000

21. Describe the methods of delimiting constituencies for parliamentary elections in India. 2002

22. How is the Section Commission of India constituted?(20 words) 2004

23. What are he steps that the Section Commission may take if a recalcitrant State Government

wants to put off Assembly Elections? (150 words) 2005

24. What are the main determinants of voting behavior in India? (250 words) 2007

25. What is criminalization of politics? 2007

26. What is value-based politics? (125 words) 2007

27. Are the traditional determinants of voting behavior in India changing? Examine in the

context of the last General Sections. 2009

28. Simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies will limit the amount of

time and money spent in electioneering but it will reduce the government's accountability

to the people' Discuss. (150 words) 2017

29. To enhance the quality of democracy in India the Election Commission of India has

proposed electoral reforms in 20What are the suggested reforms and how far are they

significant to make democracy successful? 2017

30. In the light of recent controversy regarding the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVM),

what are the challenges before the Election Commission of India to ensure the

trustworthiness of elections in India? 2018

31. Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in the light of the evolution of the

Model Code of Conduct. (Answer in 250 words) 2022

29. DIFFERENT INSTITUTION/COMMIT TEES/COMMISSION

Write short note on: The Finance Commission (in about 150 words)

2 Describe the composition and functions of the National Development Council. 1981

3. What are the functions of the Zonal Council? 1982

4. Explain the role of the National Development Council. 1985

For what purpose was the Ranganath Mishra Commission appointed? 1985

6. State the functions of the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. 1987

7. Write a short note on the financial aspect of Sarkaria Commission Report. (About 40 words)

1988

8. Distinguish between the status, organization and specific roles of the Planning Commission

and the Finance Commission in India. (250 words) 1989

9. What are Zonal Councils? Discuss their constitution, role and importance in achieving inter-

state comity. About 250 words) 1992

10. Explain the status, composition and functions of the Minorities Commission. (150 words)

1992

11. Describe the composition and functions of the National Development Council. (150 words)

1993

12. Explain the role of the Planning Commission and the National Development Council in the
formulation of public policy in India. (About 250 words) 1994

13. Discuss the composition and functions of the National Security Council. (150 words) 1999

14. What is a Finance Commission? Discuss the main functions of the State Finance

Commission. (150 words) 2004

15. Discuss the composition and functions of the Union Public Service Commission. (150 words)

2008

16. Write about the M. Punchi Commission. 2008

17. In the changing context of governance in the country, what should be the role of the UPSC?

2009

18. To implement one key recommendation of the Mohini Giri Committee, the Government has

recently announced the constitution of a National Council. Highlight the composition and

the mandate of this National Council. (50 words) 2012

19. Discuss the recommendations of the Thirteenth Finance Commission which have been a

departure from the previous commissions for strengthening the local government finances.

(200 words) 2013

20. Whether National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) can enforce the implementation

of constitutional reservation for the Scheduled Castes in the religious minority institutions?

Examine 2018

21. How is the Finance Commission of India constituted? What do you know about the terms of

reference of the recently constituted Finance Commission? Discuss. 2018

22. The multiplicity of various commissions for the vulnerable sections of the society leads to

problems of overlapping jurisdiction and duplication of functions. Is it better to merge all

commissions into an umbrella Human Rights Commission? Argue your case. (250 words)

2018

23. Which steps are required for institutionalizing of a commission? Do you think imparting

constitutionality to the National Commission for Women would ensure greater gender

justice and empowerment in India? Give reasons. (Answer in 250 words) 2020
24. How have the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission of India enabled the

States to improve their fiscal position? (Answer in 150 words) 2021

25. Discuss the role of the Competition Commission of India in containing the abuse of

dominant position by the Multi-National Corporations in India. Refer to the recent

decisions. 2023

FEDERALISM / UNION-STATE RELATIONS / DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS BETWEEN UNION

AND STATES

1. Analyze the causes of controversy in India, in recent years, in regard to Union-State

relations. What are the specific areas of discord? Consider the main issues and offer your

comments and suggestions. (About 400 words) 1981

2. What is the purpose of having a concurrent list in the Constitution of India. 1981

3. India is not a federation; but it has definite federal features. Elucidate. Planning and

federalism make uneasy partners; the planning operations in India have led to erosion of

federalism. Discuss. (About 250 Words) 1982

4. What were the objectives in having three separate legislative lists in the Constitution of

India? Can the Parliament make laws in regard to any item in the State list? If so, under

what situation? Does any of the issues arising from the above give rise to Union-State

controversies? (About 250 words) 1983

. Why was education taken out of the State list and inserted in the concurrent list? 1983

6. Riparian rights are a source of disputes. How are they resolved in a federal system? (About

75 words)

1986

7. Briefly mention the factors which have promoted concentration of power in the Centre in

India and discuss the response of the States to this tendency. (About 250 words) 1986

8. Mention any three important entries in the Concurrent list in the Seventh Schedule of the

Indian Constitution. 1986

9. Why is the Indian Constitution called quasi-federal? 1987

10.. " The emphasis in modern federations should not be one division and separation but on

Collaboration and on Cooperation." Discuss the statement in the context of Indian Policy. (In

about 250 words) 1990

11. The planning operations in India have led to erosion of federalism/ Discuss. (150 words)

1991

|2. What are the essentials of a true federation? Analyse the nature of the Indian federation

(About 250 words) 1993

13. 1Discuss the major extra-constitutional factors influencing the working of federal polity in

India. (150 words) 2000

14. Discuss the administrative relations between the centre and the states in the light of recent

controversies. (in about 250 words) 2001

15. What are the constitutional restrictions imposed upon the power of borrowing of the state

governments? (20 words) 2004

16. Comment on the financial relations between the Union and the States in India. Has post

199liberlization in any way affected it? (250 words) 2005

17. Discuss the major extra-constitutional factors influencing the federal polity in India. (250

words) 2008

18. Recent directives from Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas are perceived by the Nagas

as a threat to override the exceptional status enjoyed by the State. Discuss in light of Article

371A of the Indian Constitution. (200 words) 2013

19,. Though the federal principle is dominant in our Constitution and that principle is one of its

basic features, but it is equally true that federalism under the Indian Constitution leans in

favour of a strong Centre, a feature that militates against the concept of strong federalism.

2014

20. The concept of cooperative federalism has been increasingly emphasized in recent years.

Highlight the drawbacks in the existing structure and the extent to which cooperative

federalism would answer the shortcomings. 2015

21. Whether the Supreme Court Judgment (July 2018) can settle the political tussle between the

Lt. Governor and elected government of Delhi? Examine. 2018

22. How far do you think cooperation, competition and confrontation have shaped the nature

of federation in India? Cite some recent examples to validate your answer (Answer in 150

words) 2020
23. Indian constitution exhibits centralizing tendencies to maintain unity and integrity of the

nation. Elucidate in the perspective of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897; The Disaster

Management Act, 2005 and recently passed Farm Acts. (Answer in 250 words) 2020

24. The strength sustenance of local institutions in India has shifted from their formative phase

of Functions, Functionaries and Funs' to the contemporary stage of 'Functionality'

Highlight the critical challenges faced by local institutions in terms of their functionality in

recent times. (Answer in 250 words) 2020

25. To what extent, in your opinion, as the decentralization power in India changed the

governance landscape at the grassroots? 2022

31.LEGAL ISSUES

What is Section 309 IPC about? Why was it in the news recently? 1994

2. Write about Section 377 of IPC.2009

3. The Right of Person with Disabilities Act, 2016 remains only a legal document without

intense sensitization of government functionaries and citizens regarding disability.

Comment. (Answer in 150 words) 2022

32. IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF GOVERNANCE

Though Citizens charters have been formulated by many public service delivery

1.

organizations, there is no corresponding improvement in the level of citizen's satisfaction

and quality of services being provided. Analyse. [200 words] 0 2013

2. A national Lokpal, however strong it may be, cannot resolve the problems of immorality in

public affairs.' Discuss. [200 words] 2013

3 Two parallel run schemes of the Government, viz the Aadhaar card and NPR, one as

voluntary and the other as compulsory, have led to debates at national level and litigations.

On merits, discuss whether or not both schemes need run concurrently. Analyse the

potential of the schemes to achieve developmental benefits and equitable growth. (200

words) 2014

4. Has the Cadre based Civil Service Organisation been the cause of slow change in India?

Critically examine. (200 words) 2014

5 In the light of the Satyam Scandal (2009), discuss the changes brought in corporate

governance to ensure transparency, accountability. 2015

6. "If amendment bill to the Whistleblowers Act, 201tabled in the Parliament is passed, there

may be no one left to protect." Critically evaluate. 2015

"In the Indian governance system, the role of non-stateactors has been only marginal?

Critically examine this statement. 2016

8. "Effectiveness of the government system at various levels and people's participation in the

governance system are inter-dependent." Discuss their relationship in the context of India.

2016

9. E-governance is not only about utilization of the power of new technology, but also much

about critical importance of the 'use value' of information. Explain. 2018

10. The Citizens' Charter s an ideal instrument of organizational transparency and

accountability, but it has its own limitations. Identify the limitations and suggest measures

for greater effectiveness of the Citizens' Charter.2018

11. Implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based Projects/

Programmes usually suffers in terms of certain vital factors. Identify these factors, and
suggest measures for their effective implementation. 2019

12. "Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance". In this context suggest

reforms in Civil Service for strengthening democracy. (150 words) 2020

13. "The emergence of Fourth Industrial Revolution (Digital Revolution) has initiated

Governance as an integral part of government". Discuss. (150 words) 2020

14. Has digital illiteracy, particularly in rural areas,

coupled with lack of Information and

Communication Technology (ICT) accessibility hindered socio-economic development?

Examine with justification. (Answer in 250 words) 2021

15. To what extent, in your opinion, has the decentralization of power in India changed the

governance landscape at the grassroots? (Answer in 150 words) 2022

16. The Gati-Shakti Yojana needs meticulous coordination between the government and the

private sector to achieve the goal of connectivity. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words) 2022

17. Reforming the government delivery system through the Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme is a

progressive step, but it has its limitations too. Comment. (Answer in 150 words) 2022
18. E-Governance, as a critical tool of Governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency

and accountability in Governments. What inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these

features? (Answer in 150 words) 2023

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Explain the significance of Article 370 in the Constitution of India. 1988

2. State the significance of Article 370 of our Constitution. 1990

3. Distinguish between Care-taker Government and Minority Government. 1991

4. Why was Education taken out of the State List and inserted in the concurrent list of the

Indian Constitution? 1991

5. What is the value of 0 and M' in Administration? 1991

6. What is the content of the th Schedule of the Constitution of India? 1993

What is our country's highest civilian award? Who are the two foreigners on whom the
award was conferred? 1994

8. Why does the Constitution of India contain different forms of Oath for the President, the

Ministers, the legislators and the members of the Judiciary? Discuss their significance.

(About 250 words) 1996

9. What are the functions of the Human Rights Commission of India? 1996

10. Discuss the factors responsible for the rise of regionalism in India. How does it influence

the political system? (150 words) 1997

11. What is meant by Gujral Doctrine'? Write its specific principle. 1997

12. Give a brief account of C.M.P. (Common Minimum Programme) of the United Front

Government at the Centre. 1997

13. What is Caretaker Government? 2002

14. Distinguish between Cabinet Secretariat and Prime Minister s Secretariat. Which of these is

more important? (150 words) 2001

15. Why does the Constitution of India provide different forms of Oaths for the President, the

Ministers, the legislators and the members of the judiciary? Discuss their significance.(250

words) 2002

16. What are the preconditions for the growth of Civil Society? Is Indian democracy conducive

to it? 2003

17. What are the protections afforded to Scheduled Tribes in the Fifth Schedule of the Indian

Constitution? (20 words) 2005

18. Discuss economic backwardness as a major challenge of Indian democracy. Can democracy

and development go together smoothly? (250 words) 2006

IR

India and The World

UNITED NATION

. Briefly describe the founding of the United Nations. 1979

2. Describe briefly about-UNESCO. 1979

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3. What does UNCTAD stand for? Where did it meet last? State briefly the result of the

meeting. (50 words) 1983

4. What do you know of the new Secretary-General of the United Nations? Mention some of

the more challenging tasks he has to face in his new assignment. 1991

5. When and where was the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held

recently? What was its major decision? 1992

6. What were the objects of the UN-sponsored elections in Cambodia? To what extent was the

UN successful in bringing peace to Cambodia? Discuss. 1993

. What have been the recent recommendations of the World Bank on India's Family Welfare

programme? How do these recommendations compare with those which emerged from the

Cairo Conference on Population and Development in 1994? 1995

8. Write a note on the Economic and Social Council. 2000

9. What does the UNCIP stand for? 2001

10. Which is the latest right confirmed by the 57 session of the United Nations? 2001

11. What is the Veto' in the UN-system? 2003

12. Discuss the role of the United Nations in the protection and promotion of Human Rights

2003

13. What do the following stand for: (i) IBRD (i) UNHCR. 2003

14. Who is Hans Blix? 2003

15. What is the significance of the Robin Island? 2003

16. Write about UNIDO. (20 words) 2006

17. Write on Universal Declaration of Human Rights (150 words) 2008

18. World Food Programme (WEP) of the United Nations (UN). Comment.2011

19. Critically review the international concern in achieving the targets set for the Millennium

Development Goals. (150 words) 2012

20. What are the aims and objectives of the Mcbride Commission of UNESCO? What is India's

position on these? 2016

21. What are the main functions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)?

Explain different functional commissions attached to it. 2017

22. Too little cash, too much politics, leaves UNESCO fighting for life`. Discuss the statement in
the light of US withdrawal and its accusation of the cultural body being 'anti-Israel bias'.

2019

UNITED STATE OF AMERICA

I. Why did the USA withdraw her support from UNESCO? (50 words) 1984

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2. Who are known as the Contras in Central America? What is the American Governments'

policy towards them?(75 words) 1986

3. Discuss the objectives of the Venice Summit held recently. Who were the participants? What

were the major resolutions adopted at it? 1987

4. Discuss the significance of the INF Treaty between Soviet Union and the USA. (125 words)

1988

Write a short note on the recent shift in the US attitude towards the PLO. 1989
fo- Explain in brief the major shift in the American polio/ towards Kampuchea. (75 words) 1990

7. What main topics were discussed at the NATO Summit at Rome recently and indicate the

main trends which emerged out of it? 1991

8. What punitive steps have been taken by the Bush administration against Pakistan to

discourage it from its nuclear weapon programme? 1992

9. Explain the background of and the reasons for the strained US-Japanese trade relations.

1994

10. What strategic moves have recently been made by the USA and China in the South Pacific

region? Is the USA withdrawing from this region? 1995

11. In what respects can the recent bilateral deal between the USA and Japan be considered as

mockery of the GATT treaty? 1995

12. How has the Taiwan issue influenced US-China relations during the last one year? (250

words) 1996

13. What was the Pathfinder by Mission? What were its main findings? 1997

14. What fallout can the Mir troubles have on the future of US- Russian Co-operation in space?
1997

15. Who has claimed the responsibility for the recent bomb attacks on American embassies at

Nairobi and Dar-E- Salam? What are their demands? 1998

16. What are the reasons for the recent diplomatic confrontation between the USA and China?

What specific measures have been taken by the USA to defuse the tension building up in the

Taiwan Strait? 1999

17. Explain the position of US visa-vis the League of Nations. 2000

18. Discuss the global response to President George Bush's 'National Missile Defense Plan'

(NMD).2001

19. Discuss the significance of Kyoto Protocol. Why is U.S.A. not signing it? 2001

20. Explain the position of US visa-vis the League of Nations. 2001

21. Highlight the main points of Nuclear Disarmament Treaty signed by US President George

Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin in May 2002. 2002

22. Explain US stand on the proposal for establishing an International Crime Court. 2002

23. What is the significance of Enola Gay in world history? 2003

24. Why is Guantanamo Bay in the news now? 2003

25. Write about: Camp David Accord of 1978. (20 words) 2005

26. Will a grand axis of India, China and Russia challenge the unipolar supremacy of the US?

Elaborate your views. 2005

27. Explain the China-US textile war. 2005

28. What is a rogue state? 2005

29.US policy on Iran's nuclear programme. 2006

30. "Thus USA is facing an existential threat in the form of a China, that is much more

challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union." Explain. (150 words) 2021

RUSSIA

Why did USSR sent troops to Afghanistan? What are the broad issues involved? What has

1.

been India's response to the Afghan situation? 1980

2. When did the world come to know about Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor disaster and how?

How does a Chernobyl type reactor work? What lessons can India draw from this accident?

(125 words) 1986

3. What are the main features of the agreement between Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev

and the West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl in July, 1990 on terms of German

Unification? 1990

4. Briefly describe the chain of major events towards the end of 1991

5. which led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachov.

Who assumed the Soviet Unions membership in the United Nations including that in the

Security Council. (250 words) 1991

6. For what reasons have Russia and Japan failed to sign a peace treaty? What are the latest

developments in this respect? 1992

7.

Indicate the principal issues that dominated the political debate in the presidential elections

of 1996 in Russia. 1996

8. Describe the recent significant developments in Sino-Russian relations. How have the

Russian people reacted to these developments? (250 words) 1997

9. What is the problem in Chechnya? 2003

10. Write about G-5 Summit in Russia. 2006

11. Does Putin's return as President of Russia mark a shift to a confrontationist stance in

international diplomacy towards the West? (150 words) 2012

4. CHINA
1. What are the arrangements made about the future of Hong Kong? What role did China play

in determining its future? (75 words)1985

D Who are the Boat People' of Hong Kong? What is the nature and magnitude of their

problem?1991

3. What is likely to be the impact on Hong Kong's economy after its transfer to China?1997

4. Why was Macau in the news recently?2001

5. Answer the following, by expanding and explaining the objectives: ARF. 2004

fo* Write about Trade through Nathu La Pass. 2006

7. Write note on China's 'peaceful rise' doctrine. 2009

8. Write about Sino-Myanmar relations. (50 words) 2009

COLOMBIA
1.

Strategies adopted by Colombia to eliminate its drug cartels. Comment. 2011

6. NUCLEAR POLICY

1. Twenty-five years term of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty will come to an end in 1995.

Some important members want it to be renewed, as it is, for another 25 or 50 years. What

are its basic provisions and how will its renewal adversely affect India's Interests? 1992

2. Elaborate on India's Nuclear Doctrine. 2007

3. In what ways would the ongoing US-Iran Nuclear Pact Controversy affect the national

interest of India? How should India respond to this situation? (250 words) 2018

7. DISARMAMENT

1. In what respect can the recent arms control agreement between the USA and Russia be
considered as a big step forward towards disarmament? 1992

2. What are the major objections of the various countries to the signing of the chemical

weapons treaty? 1993

3. What is meant by SDI? 2000

4. Differentiate between SALT and START.2000

Comment on the present status of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). What

important issues, do you think, need to be taken up at the seventh review conference of the

BWC scheduled for 2011? 2010

8. COLD WAR/POST-COLD WAR

1.

Discuss the role of the NATO after the end of the Cold War. 1992
○ INTERNATIONAL LAW

1. Is there still a role for the concept of balance of power in contemporary international

politics? Discuss. 2011

10. PEACE/PEACE TALKS/DEMONSTRATIONS

1. To what extent has the withdrawal of Al-Shahah from Mogadishu given peace a real chance

in Somalia? Assess. 2011

2. Success of international intervention in Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast). Comment. 2011

3. Sculpture of the broken chair in front of the UN building at Geneva. Comment. 2011

11.TERRORISM

1.

Answer about Cyber-terrorism. 2005

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2. What in your opinion, are the causes of terrorism? Suggest suitable measures to deal with

the threat of terrorism in India. (250 words) 2008

3. Write brief note on your views on the recen Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-

Governance Order 2009. 2009

4.

Cyber warfare is considered by some defense analysts to be a larger threat than even Al

Qaeda or terrorism. What do you understand by Cyber warfare? Outline the cyber threats

which India is vulnerable to and bring out the state of the country's preparedness to deal

with the same. (200 words) 2013

5.

'Terrorism is emerging as a competitive industry over the last few decades.

above statement. 2016

Analyse the

6. The scourge of terrorism is a grave challenge to national security. What solutions do you

suggest to curb this growing menace? What are the major sources of terrorist funding? (250

words) 2017

12. ENVIRONMENT

1. State as to what the SALT II stand for? 1979

2. Where is Antarctica and what is there so special about it? What do you know of any ban on

exploration in Antarctica? 1991

What policy initiatives have been taken to reduce water pollution of major rivers in India?

1993

4. Briefly describe the main achievements of Habitat I Conference in Istanbul. 1996

5. There is a widespread concern about the degradation of environment and the problems

that go with it. Assess the international response.2000

6. Write about IPC Report on Global Warming. (20 words) 2008

<

Comment on Rotterdam Convention. 2010

8. Analyse critically the interlinkages between the Convention on Biological Diversity and FAO

Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. (150 words) 2012

9. Explain briefly the "Clean Development Mechanism" As provided under the United Nations

Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (50 words) 2012

13. WATER

1. Mention the main provisions of the new Treaty relating to the use of the High Seas under
International Law, as adopted in 1982.

2 Name the countries, which opposed the above law of sea convention and have not yet

ratified the Treaty? (50 words) 1983

3. Answer the following: Prospects of international water-wars. 2004

14. ENERGY

1. What important issues were considered at the Conference held in August 1981 at Nairobi on

new and renewable sources of energy under the auspices of the United Nations? What

progress has been made in India towards the development of renewable sources of energy?

(200 words) 1981

2. Evaluate India's approach towards meeting the country's growing energy demands.

Compare the success of this approach with that of another Asian giant which has perhaps

the fastest growing energy demands. 2010

IRAN/IRAQ
Why did Iran accept the UN Security Council Resolution for a cease-fire? When did it

1.

become operative? (125 words) 1988

2. What were the basic differences between Iraq and Kuwait which led to the recent crisis in

the Gulf? What were he reactions of various countries to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait? What

are the likely repercussions in India? 1990

3. What has been India's stand in respect of the proposed sale of a nuclear reactor to Iran?

1991

4. Comment on Al Gharib Prisoners. 2004

16. GERMANY

1.

Briefly indicate why and what types of problems were faced by the United Germany

consequent on its unification. 1991

17. FRANCE

Which event marked the outbreak of the French Revolution? What stands at that site today?

1989

2 What circumstances led to he victory of Socialists in the parliamentary elections in France?

1997

18. AFGHANISTAN

1. Describe the circumstances which led to the signing of the agreement on Afghanistan. What

were its terms? (75 words) 1988

2. What is the Golden Triangle? Why is it notorious? 1989

Discuss the problem of factional politics in Afghanistan. 1994

4. Write a note on the political developments in Afghanistan during the last year. 1996

5. What is he Taliban Movement? How has it influenced the geopolitical equations in Asia?
1997

6. Examine the developments in Afghanistan in the post-Taliban period. 2005

1- Write about Terrorism: Sources in Pakistan and Afghanistan. 2006

Write a brief note on Wakhan Corridor. 2009

9. What is the major capacity-building and reconstruction projects being undertaken by India

in Afghanistan? 2010

19. COMMONWEALTH

1.

What is Commonwealth of Nations? Who are eligible for its membership? What are its

aims? How does it function? Has any member left the Commonwealth? (150 words) 1980
2. In what way India made a significant contribution at the CHOGM summit at Harare? Who

will host the next CHOGM and when? 1991

SAARC

Why was a referendum held recently in Nepal? What was its result? Does it affect in any

1.

way the bilateral relations between India and Nepal? Give reasons for your answer. (100

words) 1980

2. Which countries met recently in New Delhi with a view to promote regional co-operation in

South Asia? What are the areas selected at the above meeting, in which such co-operation

would be of advantage to the participating countries? (75 words) 1983

3. When and where was the first SAARC Summit Conference held? Who were the participants?

What were the main points of the Charter? (75 words) 1986

4. Discuss the significance of the 4th SAARC Summit. 1989

5. What is the problem of the Chakma's? Why have the Chakma refugees refused to go back to
their homeland? 1993

6. Recent SAARC Summit has been considered as a non-starter' by some political observers

while for others it has marked a watershed. Explain the two viewpoints. (250 words)1995

7. What are the reasons for the slow progress of SAFTA? 1998

8. What do the SAARC stand for? 2000

9. Why is SAFTA being mooted? 2002

10. Write about SAFTA. (20 words)2007

11. Write about SAARC Summit-2007. 2007

12. Write about SAARC Human Rights Report-2006. (20 words) 2007
13. Comment: Ethnic conflicts in South Asia. 2009

14. Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal

affairs of several member-states by Pakistan are not conducive for the future of SAARC

(South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation)." Explain with suitable examples. 2016

15. Do you think that BIMSTEC is a parallel organization like the SAARC? What are the

similarities and dissimilarities between the two? How are Indian foreign policy objectives

realized by forming this new organization? 2022

21. WEST/ASIA/ARAB WORLD/ OIC

1.

Who were the main participants at the West Asian Peace Conference in Madrid and what

were the main issues confronting the participants? What do you think has been achieved at

the meet? 1991

2. What is HAMAS? 1994

3. Discuss the impact of change of government in Israel on the West Asia peace process. 1996

4. What do the OIC stand for?2000

5. What is GCC? 2001

6o- Outline the features of latest Saudi Peace Plan for West Asia Crisis and assess its

importance. 2002

7. Answer the following: ICJ verdict on Israel's erection of barrier on the West Bank. 2004

8. Write about Camp David Accord of 1978. 2005

9. Write about Future of Indian expatriates in the Gulf. 2005

10. Write about GCC. (20 words) 2008

11. Examine the opportunities for a lasting West Asia peace solution in the context of the

'historic' talks started in September 2010. 2010

12. "The causes and implications of the Jasmine Revolution and its spread are as much

economic

nature as they are political." Critically evaluate.2011

22. ASEAN

Why was ASEAN formed? Who are its members? What has ASEAN achieved so far? What

1.

stand has it taken in respect of problems in Afghanistan and Kampuchea? (150 words) 1980

2. What is ASEAN PLUS? What is its nature and duty? 1998

3. What do the ASEAN stand for? 2000

4. Who is Meghawati Sukarnoputri? 2001

23. EUROPE
1. What are the general issues on which the organisation named Solidarity, started agitation in

Poland under the leadership of Lech Walsea? Why are the countries both in Eastern and

Western blocs in Europe deeply concerned about the above developments in Poland? (150

words) 1981

2. What has been the role of the European Parliament? Did the recent elections to it reflect

any change to member countries, particularly in Britain? 1989

3. Why did the European power find it difficult to solve the Bosnian crisis? 1993

4. What are the issues in the Bosnian tangle? 1994

5. What is European Union? 2001

6. Write about: Role of European Parliament. 2006

7. In the context of the ' Euro-zone' debt crisis, examine the proposed six-pack' solution. Do

you think that this has a better chance of success than the earlier Stability and Growth Pact?
2011

24. AFRICA

1.

What is Africa Fund? Who started it? What are its objectives? (50 words) 1987

D What were the proposals of President FW de Klerk on democratisation in South Africa?

Why did the African National congress break off the negotiations? What steps are being

taken to resume negotiations? (250 words) 1992

3.

What is the magnitude of the drought in Africa? 1992

4. What are the causes of civil strife in Rwanda? 1994

5. Discuss the causes and ramifications of hunger in Africa. 2005

fo. Comment: NEPAD' and its objectives. 2009

> Has the February agreement between the Sudanese government and the Justice and

Equality Movement (EM ) been more successful in ending the strife in Darfur than the

Abuja peace agreement of 2006? Evaluate. 2010

8. Why have the resource rich African and South Asian countries remained poor for decades?

Explain. (150 words) 2012

9 "If the last few decades were of Asia's growth story, the next few are expected to be of

Africa's." In the light of this statement, examine India's influence in Africa in recent years.

2021

25. LATIN AMERICA

1. What are the reasons for the intensification of the border dispute between Peru and

Ecuador? 1995

26. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION

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1.

What was the G-7 Summit? When and where was it held? What were its achievements? (100

words) 1988

2.Where was he G7 summit held recently? In what respects are its recommendations

concerning India considered an exercise in hypocrisy? 1995

What do you know about G-77? 2000

4. What is G-8? 2001

5. What do the following stand for? 2002

WCAR

SPDC
◦ INTERPOL

6. What do the following stand for? () UNCHR (ii) UNIDO (iii) MIGA. 2002

1 What is the main purpose of G-15? 2002

8. Answer the following, by expanding and explaining the objectives (20 words): 2004

◦ BIMSTEC

◦ ARF

◦ Red Cross

◦ OPEC

9. Write about the following, by expanding and explaining the objectives: 2006

ICJ
INTELSAT

IBRD

WMO

10. Write about G-8 Summit 2007. 2007

11. Write about the following by expanding and explaining the objectives: 2007

BEMs

IAEA

◦ BIMSTEC

12. Write about G-77. (20 words) 2008

13. Write about I.C.R.C. (20 words) 2008

14. Write about MERCOSUR. (20 words)2008

15. Write about INTERPO.. (20 words)2008

16. "Compared to the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA), the Bay of Bengal Initiative for

Multisectoral Technical and Economic Co-operation Free Trade Area (BIMSTEC FTA) seems

to be more promising." Critically evaluate. 2011

17. Compare the significance of IBSA and BRIGS in the context of India's multilateral diplomacy.

(100 words) 2012

18. What is meant by the G8+5 group? (50 words) 2012

19. Critically examine the role of WHO in providing global health security during the COVID-19

pandemic. (150 words) 2020

20. Critically examine the aims and objectives of SCO. What importance does it hold for India?

2021
21. How will 12U2 (India, Israel, UAE and USA) grouping transform India's position in global

politics?2022

22. Clean energy is the order of the day." Describe briefly India's changing policy towards

climate change in various international for in the context of geopolitics. 2022

27. W.T.O

1. What does WTO stand for?2002

2. What is WTO? What are India's objections to its overall functioning?2004

3. What do we understand by Doha Round' of talks? 2006

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S
4. WTO is an important international institution where decisions taken affect countries in a

profound manner. What is the mandate of WTO and how binding are their decisions?

Critically analyse India's stand on the latest round of talks on Food Security. 2014

5. "The broader aims and objectives of WTO are to manage and promote international trade

the era of globalisation. But the Doha round of negotiations seem doomed due to differences

petween the developed and the developing countries." Discuss in the Indian perspective

2016

28. NEPAL

. Discuss the contentious issues that have caused the prolonged constitutional logjam in

Nepal. (250 words) 2012

29. MISCELLANEOUS

1. Name the Head of the State of Yugoslavia. 1979

2. Write down 100 words on The New International Economic Order. 1979

3. Where is the island of Diego Garcia? To which country does it belong? For what purpose is it

used? Why has it come prominently in the news? (150 words)1980

Write short note on Asian Charter for Health Development. 1980

Write short notes on the following. Your answer should cover inter alia the points

mentioned under each:

Falklands War: Location of the islands: parties to the conflict: main issues involved:

effect of the war on the combatant countries and the countries supporting them: effects

on future military strategy. (150 words)

IMF Loan to India: Reasons for seeking the loan assistance: quantum of loan sanctioned:

amounts so far released by IMF. Corrective measures taken by the Government of India

in pursuance of their discussions with IMF. (100 words) 1982

6. Summaries the reasons for which Western Powers oppose the imposition of mandatory

economic sanctions against the racist Pretorian regime. How far are these arguments valid?
(150 words) 1986

. What led to the signing of Tripartite Accord with TNV? What are its main points? (150

words) 1988

8. What led General Ne Win to resign from power? What were its immediate results? (75

words) 1988

6 Name the seven richest industrialized nations of the world. When and where did they meet

recently? What were the broad agreements arrived at the meetings? 1990

10. What has been the significant event in Myanmar? What may be the possible outcome of the

event? 1990

11. Who has been chosen as the first Non-Communist leader in four decades in Bulgaria? What

are its political repercussions? 1990

12. What is the genesis of the Yugoslav unrest? What has been the reaction of the European

Community towards it?(75 words)1991

13. What is Eager Mace? What have been its objectives and in what respect has it been

criticised?1992
14. What are the significant achievements of G-7 summit held in1993? 1993

15. What do you know about the formation of Eritrea? What is the magnitude of the problems

which it faces? (50 words)1993

16. Describe the problem of KOSOVO?1998

17. What is the significance of Pope John Paul I's visit to Cuba?1998

18. Why was a variant of Basmati rice in news recently?1998

19. What is the theory of "Clash of Civilisation"?2000

20. What do the KLA stand for?2001

21. Why has Slobodan Milosevic been in news in the recent past?2001
22. Who is Gao Zhan?2001

23. Who is Xanana Gusmao?2002

24. What do you mean by Uni-Polar World?2002

25. What do you know about North South dialogue?2002

26. Why was David Kelly in the news recently?2003

27. What does the theory of "end of history" mean?2003

28. Describe the role of the Amnesty International Security human rights. 2004

29. Write about: Military rule in Myanmar. 2005

30. Answer the following, by expanding or explaining: (a) OAPEC (b) IFAd (c) UPU (d) SAve (e)
ODA. (10 words) 2005

31. Write about: Pakistan's role in Sri Lanka. 2006

32. Write about: Expanding role of Amnesty International. 2006

33. Write about: Outer Space Treaty. 2006

34. Write about: Summit of Japanese Troops from Iraq. 2006

35. Write about: Maastricht Treaty. 2006

36. Write about: Cuba and Castro. 2006

37. Examine the recent developments towards the solution of the Bangladesh-Myanmar

maritime boundary dispute. What implications do these have for India? 2006
38. Write about India and East Asia Summit (EAS). (20 words) 2007

39. Write about Shanghai Co-operation Organization (SCO).(20 words) 2007

40. Write about Indian All-Women Contingent to Liberia. (20 words)2007

41. Write about Madheshis in Nepal. 2007

42. Write about Global Governance.2007

43. Write about Operation Silence.2007

44. Write about New Seven Wonders of the world. (20 words) 2008

45. Write on South-South Co-operation. 2008

46. Write about Geopolitics and Geostrategy. (50 words) 2009

47. Comment on The Mavi Marmara incident. 2010

48. Comment on Significance of the Kampala declaration of the International Criminal Court

(ICC). 2010

49. Comment on Trial chamber of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia

(ECCC) and its recent verdict. 2010

FOREIGN POLICY OF INDIA

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LTE1

1.The policy of non-alignment was enunciated by Pandit Nehru and it has become a

cornerstone of the foreign policy of Independent India. What are the principles underlying

the concept of non-alignment? Has this policy been fruitful? Give reasons for your views.

(150 words) 1980

2. How often do the Heads of State/Governments of the Nonaligned countries meet? When and

where did it meet first? Who is the chairman of NAM now? What were the main points

agreed to at the last meeting of the conference of the Heads of State/Government and

included in the "New Delhi Message." (150 words) 1983

3. Why was Kampuchea's seat allowed to remain vacant in the last NAM Conference? 1983

4. What are the highlights of the draft nuclear doctrine formulated by the National Security

Advisory Board? What shortcomings have been pointed out in media reports relating to the

same? 1999

5. Answer the following (20 words): 2000

i.

What does Track Two Diplomacy stand for?

ii. Non-alignment is a need, not a creed. Elaborate.

iii, Differentiate between Peace-making and Peacekeeping.

iv. What is deterrence?

v. Why has the indigenous development of the Cryogenic Engine become necessary for

India?

6.How can India accommodate her foreign policy principle of "non-intervention'` with the

emerging right to intervention"? 2000

7. Differentiate between Collective security and Cooperative security. 2000

What does "Gujral doctrine' stand for? 2002

9. "NAM (Non-Aligned Movement) is relevant in Unipolar World as well." Comment. 2002

10. The Panchsheel Pact. (20 words) 2004

11. Discuss the role of intelligence in the making of foreign policy. 2004

12. Examine the relevance of Pt. Jawaharial Nehru's ideas in the international relations of

today. 2004

13. Present a complete picture of India's efforts for a permanent seat in the UN Security

Council. 2005

14. Write about Panchsheel in India's Foreign Policy. (20 words) 2007

15. Write about the Relevance of NAM. 2007

16. Write about India's Ocean Development Policy. 2008

17. Write about the Council for Promotion of Overseas Employment (CPOE). (20 words) 2008

18. Write about the Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) Scheme. (20 words) 2008
19. Write a note on India's soft` and hard" power strategy in Foreign Policy. 2009

20, Write a brief note on Nuclear Supply Group (NSG) and India. 2009

21. Critically examine the implications of the disintegration of the Soviet Union on India's

security and strategic perspectives. What further responses would you suggest in India's

foreign policy to accommodate these implications? 2010

22. What is meant by the Gujral doctrine? Does it have any relevance today? Discuss. (200

words) 2013

23. Discuss the impediments, India is facing in its pursuit of a permanent seat in the UN

Security Council. 2015

24. Project Mausam" is considered a unique foreign policy initiative of Indian government to

improve relationship with its neighbours. Does the project have

strategic dimension?

Discuss. 2015

25. The question of India's Energy Security constitutes the most important part of India's

economic progress. Analyse India's energy policy co-operation with West Asian countries.

(250 words) 201

2. INDO-PAK RELATION

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1.

Why has the Siachen Glacier been in the news? What could be the main purpose behind the

Indo-Pak parleys on the issue? 1989

2. What has been the clinching evidence about the receipt of M-11 missiles by Pakistan? 1995

Where and when was the meeting between the Prime Minister of India and Pakistan held in

1997? What were the main decisions taken and what follow-up action has been taken?

Explain in brief, the observations made by the leaders of the Group of Eight countries in

their meeting in Cologne on Kargil intrusion by Pakistan.1999

5. India's Kargil victory rested on its successful effort at combining diplomacy with the use of

force. Discuss. 2000

6. What do you know about Siachin Dispute? 2000

7. Why does India object to Kashmir being treated as a disputed territory? 2001

8. Discuss the importance of the Agra Summit on Indo-Pakistan relations. 2003

9. What has been the nature of "Track 1 diplomacy" between India and Pakistan? 2003

10.Discuss the role played by the United States in promoting/ hindering improved relations

between India and Pakistan. 2004

11. Hot Line between Islamabad and New Delhi. (20 words) 2004

12. Write about MEN status to India by Pakistan. 2005

13. Write about simla Agreement. (20 words) 2006

14. Write about major hurdles in Indo-Pak ties. (20 words) 2008

15. The situation today, is far different to that prevalent, fifty years back when the Indus Water

Treaty was signed. Highlight the complexity of the current India and World challenges on

both sides of the border, in this regard. Do you think that a review of the Treaty is in India's

best interests? (250 words) 2012

16. Terrorist activities and mutual distrust have clouded India - Pakistan relations. To what

extent the use of soft power like sports and cultural exchange could help generate goodwill

between the two countries. Discuss with suitable examples. 2015

3. INDO-NIGERIA

Write about India-Nigeria: Abuja Declaration, (20 words) 2008

4.INDO-RUSSIA

1. When was the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Co-operation between the Republic of India

and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics signed? What are the important provisions of

the treaty and what is its duration? How has the Treaty served India's interests? Does it

affect India's position as a prominent member of the Non-aligned Group of Nations? 1981

2. What were the highlights of the discussions held between the Indian Prime Minister and

the Soviet President during former's visit to Moscow in July, 19902 Evaluate its impact on

the future course of Indo-Soviet relations. (250 words) 1990

3. Discuss the impact of the collapse of the Soviet Union on Indo-Russian relations.2003

4. Explain India's strategic relationship with Russia.2004

5. Indo-Russian Defence Co-operation. 2007

to Write note on India-Russia Defence Ties. 2009

INDO-JAPAN

1. How far have Japan's principles of Hikaku San Gensoku impacted bilateral ties with India?

2010

2. Economic ties between India and Japan while growing in the recent years are still far below

their potential. Elucidate the policy constraints which are inhibiting this growth. (200

words) 2013

3. "The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one

involving global and strategic partnership that will have a great significance for Asia and
the world as a whole". Comment. 2019

INDIA AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA

1.

Which organisation prepared the report entitled Our Global Neighbourhood? What are its

major recommendations? 1995

2. Why has 'Baring' been in the news? Who has been held responsible for its present

situation? 1995

3. What is India's Look East Policy'? 2001

4. Explain the problem of infiltration in eastern parts of India. 2001

5.

What is Mekong-Ganga Co-operation? 2005

6. Write about Look East Policy and North-East India.(20 words) 2008

<

Write a note on India's strategic interests in South Asia. 2009

% Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India's Look East Policy, in the context of

the Post-Cold War international scenario. 2016

7. INDIA-BHUTAN

1. Write notes on Indo-Bhutan Relations. (150 words) 2008

2. Write about Indo-Bhutan trade relations. (50 words) 2009

INDIA-SAUDI ARABIA

1. List the salient features of the Riyadh declaration and the bilateral agreements between

India and Saudi Arabia signed earlier this year. 2010

9. INDIA-CENTRAL ASIA

1.

List the Central Asian Republics and identify_ those of particular strategic and economic

importance to India. Examine the opportunities and bottlenecks in enhancing relations

with these countries. 2011

V A number of outside powers have entrenched themselves in Central Asia, which is a zone of

interest of ndia. Discuss the implications, in this context, of India's joining the Ashgabat

Agreement, 2018. (150 words) 2018

NUCLEAR POLICY OF INDIA

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. It is universally realized that an immediate halt to the nuclear arms race is imperative. A

six-nation summit on Nuclear Disarmament was held in India this year. 1985
When and where was this meeting held?

Who were the participants?

What were the chief aims of this summit?

What were its declarations?

What are your comments on it? (150 words)

2 What stand was taken by India at the recent Security Council Summit in regard to Nuclear

Non-Proliferation? What major decision was taken by the Summit? 1992

3. On what grounds did India not sign the CTBT? 1997

4. Differentiate and state the significance of Pokharan 1 and Pokharan I. 2000

1
5. What are the prospects of CTBT? 2000

6. Differentiate between Explosion and Implosion. 2000

7. Outline the salient features of India's nuclear policy and explain the reasons for India's

refusal to sign the CTBT. 2001

8. Account for India's opposition to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. 2002

9. What do you know about 'Pinaka'? 2002

10. Explain India's 'No first Use' policy in context of Nuclear weapons. 2002

11. What is India's Look East' Policy? 2006

12. Write about Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. 2006

13. Subsequent to the Nuclear Suppliers' Group (NSG) waiver in 2008, what are the agreements

on nuclear energy that India has signed with different countries? 2011

14. With growing energy needs should India keep on expanding its nuclear energy

programme? Discuss the facts and fears associated with nuclear energy. (250 words) 2018

12. NRIs/INDIAN DIASPORA

1. Answer the following:

What does the Global organisation of people of Indian origin stand for?

What is the impact of economic sanctions against India on NRIs?

Why is Fiji crisis of 19 May 2000 a specific concern for India?

Examine the role of NRIs in the liberalisation process of India.

◦ Mention a few NRIs who have brought name and fame for India. (50 words)2000
2. Answer the following (20 words):

In what fields have NRI's excelled in the developed countries?

In which specialities Indians are most wanted abroad ?

What efforts are being made by the Indian Government to look after NRIs?

What is the contribution of the NRI's to India's development?

Why do NRI's retain their emotional attachment to India?2001

3. Answer the following (20 words):

What are the problems NRIs have to face if they decide to settle in India?

What was India Millennium Deposit Scheme?

What has been the impact of Gulf remittances on India's economy?

Name the nodal agency to deal with issues relating to Indians abroad and explain its

main task.

What is the distinction between Non Resident Indian` and People of India origin? 2002

4. Answer the following (20 words):

Under what conditions are NRIs permitted to remit deposits in India in any currency of

their choice?

How can NRIs be attracted to invest in India?

What is the significance of the Pravasi Bhartiya Divas in modern India?

In what ways did Idi Amin make life difficult for the people of Indian origin in his

country?

What is "Brain drain"? 2003

5. Answer the following (20 words): Categorise the People of Indian Origin Point out the

difference between the Diaspora and the Indian Diaspora. What are the references made to
the Union Budget July 2004? What is known as reverse migration? Why was January 9

chosen to observe the NRI (Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas) Day? 2004

6. Write about the following (20 words):

(a)Contribution of the NRIs to GCC countries.

(b) Future of Indians in Fiji.

(c) Indians

the House of Lords, UK.

(d) Contribution of Indians in Silicon Valley.

(e) Exodus of persons of Indian origin from Uganda. 2006

7. Write about Pravasi Bhartiya Bima Yojana, 2006. (20 words) 2007
8. Write about Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs. (20 words) 2007

9. Write about Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas. 2008

10. Write about Indian Diaspora in Singapore. 2008

11. Write about Indian Diaspora and Bollywood. 2008

12. Assess the contributions of Indian Diaspora in the Caribbean. 2010

13. Write a short analytical note on Indian Diaspora. How is the *New Diaspora" different from

the "Old Diaspora"? (150 words) 2012

14. Indian Diaspora has an important role to play in South-East Asian countries' economy and

society. Appraise the role of Indian Diaspora in South-East Asia in this context. (250 words)

2017

15. 'Indian diaspora has

decisive role to play in the politics and economy of America and

European Countries'. Comment with examples. (150 words) 2020

INDIA-ISREAL
Voj LTE

Vo atll 50%

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LTE2

1. When and why did India establish full d iplomatic relations with Israel? (50 words) 1992

2. What recent developments have been responsible for bringing India and Israel closer?

What progress has been made in this direction during the last one year? Discuss. (250

words)

3. Answer the following: India-Israel Co-operation. 1993

4. Write about India-Israel Co-operation in the field of agriculture.2006

5. Do you agree with the view that Israel is a natural ally' of India? 2010

6. "India's relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be
rolled back." Discuss. (150 words) 2018

14. INDO-IRAN

1. Examine the latest phase of Indo-Iran relations. 2001

2. Explain the political and economic implications of the Indo-Iran gas pipeline. 2005

How have the US sanctions against Iran affected India's bilateral relations with Iran? (100

words) 2012

15. INDIA-NEPAL

1. What are the differences in the approaches of India and Nepal to the transit-trade question?

How is this question complicated by other issues? (250 words) 1989

2. Write briefly about the pro-democracy Movement in Nepal and its latest outcome.1990
3. In what sense is Indo-Nepal Co-operation important for both countries' national security?

2003

4. Answer the following: Weak-spots in India-Nepal relations. (20 words) 2004

16. INDO-US

1. How far in your opinion, is the recent Indo-US Agreement on technology transfer likely to

help us? What are its disadvantages? (75 words) 1985

2. What is Super-301? Why is India concerned about it and how has she reacted to it? (250

words) 1989

3.

What are the unique features of Agni' launched recently by India? When and from where

was it launched? What has been the reaction of the USA? (50 words) 1992
4. How have the Indo-US relations improved during the last two years? Discuss. (100 words)

1993

. Examine the present status of Indo-US relations. What are the major irritants in the

relations between the two countries? (250 words) 1994

6- How did US respond to the problem of Cross border terrorism in the State of Jammu and

Kashmir after the Kaluchak events? 2002

Discuss the major issues in Indo-US relations in recent times. (150 words) 2003

8. What is the 'strategies partnership between India and United States of America? What are

its implications for both the partners? 2006

Write about Indo-US military Co-operation in about 20 words. 2006

10. Write about Hyde Act of 2006. 2007

11. Comment: India-USA as strategic partners. 2009

12. Discuss the Indo-US knowledge initiative in Agriculture. 2009

13. Comment on the reason for the recent hike in visa processing fees for certain categories of

US visas. What is the likely impact of this hike on India? 2010

14. Discuss the likely negative impact of the protectionist measures proposed by the US on

India's software industry. (150 words) 2012

15. India and USA are two large democracies. Examine the basic tenets on which the two

political systems are based. (250 words) 2018

16. What introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that

Washington is still unable O find for India a position in its global strategy, which would

satisfy India's national self esteem and ambitions. Explain with suitable examples. 2019

17. What is the significance of Indo-US defence deals over Indo Russian defence deals? Discuss

with reference to stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (250 words) 2020

17. INDO-FRENCH

. In what respects is the Prime Minister Narasimha Rao's recent visit to France considered to

be most productive and useful? (50 words) 1995

2. Analyze the recent French response to India's diplomatic efforts for promoting Indo-French

friendship. (100 words) 1999

18. INDIA-BANGLADESH

Why is India raising barbed wire fencing on Bangladesh border? (50 words) 1984

1.

2. What are the broad decisions of the meetings of the Indo-Bangladesh Joint River

Commission held in June, 1990? (30 words) 1990

3. Discuss the developments which led to

the setting up of

caretaker government n
a

Bangladesh. (50 words) 1996

4. What is the significance of Pyrdiwah and Boraibari in Indo-Bangladesh relations? (20

words) 2001

. How does India benefit from good neighbourly relations with Bangladesh? (20 words) 2002

Discuss the major irritants to Indo-Bangladesh relations. (20 words) 2003

6,

India's response to political crisis in Bangladesh. (150 words) 2007

8. Write about India-Bangladesh Border Road cum fencing.(20 words) 2008

The protests in Shahbag Square in Dhaka in Bangladesh reveal a fundamental split in

society between the nationalists and Islamic forces. What is its significance for India? (200

words) 2013
19. INDIA-MALDIVES

Discuss the political developments in Maldives in the last two years. Should they be of any

1.

cause of concern to India? (200 words) 2013

20. INDO-SOUTH AFRICA

What is the significance of the agreements signed between India and South Africa during

he first official visit of President Nelson Mandela to India recently? (50 words) 1995

• What are the salient features of the political and economic relationship between India and

South Africa? 2011

Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pros and cons. Critically Examine. 2015

INDIA-SRI LANKA

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LTE2 gtl 50%

LTE1
S

Has the IPKF been able to achieve the goal set before it by the terms of the Indo Sri Lanka

Agreement? What are the options available to India? (150 words) 1988

Discuss Indian-Sri Lankan relations in recent years. (150 words) 2000

Explain India's stand on LTTE. 2002

In respect of India-Sri Lanka relations, discuss how domestic factors influence foreign

policy. (200 words) 2013

India is an age-old friend of Sri Lanka.' Discuss India's role in the recent crisis in Sri Lanka

in the light of the preceding statement.2022

22. INDO-CHINA

• What are the terms of India-China trade-pact signed recently? (75 words) 1984
Discuss the major irritants in Indo-China relations and highlight the latest moves to

overcome these. (150 words) 2002

Discuss the recent trends in India's relations with China. (150 words) 2003

Discuss the recent trends in India's relations with China. 2004

• Write short note on Indians in China. (20 words) 2005

• Write notes on India and China: Strategy to Boost Ties. (150 words) 2008

Evaluate the prospects for greater economic co-operation between India and China. 2009

Critically examine the security and strategic implications of the so-called 'string of pearls'

theory for India. 2011

Trace the progress of India's efforts for a joint counter terrorism strategy with China. What

are the likely implications of the recent Xinjiang violence on these efforts. 2011
Do you think that China's emergence as one of the largest trading partners of India had

adversely affected the settlement of the outstanding border problem? (250 words) 2012

• What are India's stakes in the South China Sea? (50 words) 2012

What do you understand by "The String of Pearls"? How does it impact India? Briefly

outline the steps taken by India to counter this. (200 words)2013

With respect to the South China sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affirm

the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and over

flight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and

China. 2014

"China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop

potential military power status in Asia. In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on

India as her neighbour. (150 words) 2017

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (PEC) is viewed as a cardinal subset of China's larger

One Belt One Road initiative. Give a brief description of CPEC and enumerate the reasons

why India has distanced itself the same. (150 words) 2018
The newly tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed

at countering China's ambitions in the

Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnership in the region? Discuss

the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario. (250 words) 2021

23. EXTERNAL SECURITY AND RELATED MATTERS/BORDER MANAGMENT

Review briefly the present state of India's economic relations with the neighbouring

countries-Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Burma and Sri Lanka and indicate how the

mutual interests of India and these countries could be promoted through bilateral economic

Cooperation. Identify a few areas or projects in which it would be in our interests to secure

the Cooperation of one or more of our neighbours. (500 words) 1980

• What is Star Wars'? Explain the stand India has taken on this Issue. Trace the recent

political development in Fji. How is India concerned with the developments there? (150

words) 1985

What were the major recommendations of the group of ministers on the Indian National

Security System? 2001

Discuss India's policy towards international terrorism. (20 words) 2003

How far are India's internal security challenges linked with border management
particularly in view of the long porous borders with most countries of South Asia and

Myanmar? (200 words) 2013

• 'The diverse nature of India as a multi-religious and multi-ethnic society is not immune to

the impact of radicalism which is seen in her neighbourhood." Discuss along with strategies

to be adopted to counter this environment. 2014

International civil aviation laws provide all countries complete and exclusive sovereignty

over the airspace above their territory. What do you understand by airspace"? What are the

implications of these laws on the space above this airspace? Discuss the challenges which

this poses and suggest ways to contain the threat. 2014

How does illegal transborder mnigration

pose a threat to India's security? Discuss the

strategies to curb this, bringing out the factors which give impetus to such migration. 2014

In 2012, the longitudinal marking for high-risk areas for piracy was more from 65 degrees

east to 78 degrees east in the Arabian Sea by the International Maritime Organization. What

impact does this have on India's maritime security concerns? 2014

China and Pakistan have entered into an agreement for the development of an economic

corridor. What threat does this pose for India's security? Critically examine. 2014
Religious indoctrination via social media has resulted in Indian youth joining ISIS. What is

SIS and its mission? How can ISIS be dangerous to the internal security of our country?

2015

Border management is a complex task due to difficult terrain and hostile relations with

some countries. Elucidate the challenges and strategies for effective border management

2016

Cross-border movement of insurgents is only one of the several security challenges facing

the policing of the border in North-East India. Examine the various challenges currently

emanating across the India-Myanmar border. Also, discuss the steps to counter the

challenges. (250 words) 2019

For effective border area management, discuss the steps required to be taken to deny local

support to militants and also suggest ways to manage favourable perceptions among (150

words) 2020

24.INDO-AFGHANISTAN
• Briefly write about India's role In Afghanistan Today (20 words)2008

The proposed withdrawal of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) from

Afghanistan In 2014 is fraught with major security implications for the countries o the

region. Examine in light of the fact that India is faced with a plethora of challenges and

needs to safeguard Its own strategic interests. (200 words) 2013

MISCELLANEOUS

. What is NAMEDIA? When and where was its first Conference held? Who were the

participants? What are the main declarations of the Conference? (100 words) 1984

2. What are India's island territories? What efforts are being made to safeguard them? (100

words) 1984

3. What is South Sout Commission'? When and where was it formed? Who are its President

and General Secretary? What are its main objectives? (200 words) 1987
4. What was "Operation Black Thunder'? When was it launched? What did it achieve? (75

words) 1988

5. Describe the salient features of GNLF Accord with the Government. How does it differ from

the original GNLF demands? (75 words) 1988

What was the achievement of Varuna"?1988

7, What is Aid India Consortium? What has been its role in India's recent economic growth?

(75 words)1988

8. What is ' Operation Rhino"? Why was it resorted to and to what extent you think it has been

a success? (75 words) 1991

9. What role has India to play in the recent happenings in Myanmar? (50 words) 1994

10. What do you understand by 'G-15"? 2001

11. What were the main strategic concerns of the Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri

during her recent visit to India? 2002

12. Answer on European Union's trade restrictions against India. (20 words) 2004

13. Write short note on Future of Indian expatriates in the Gulf. (20 words) 2005

14. Write about ICT4D by expanding and explaining the objectives. (20 words) 2007

15. Write about Impact of globalisation on state system and its institutions. (150 words) 2007

16. Write about Know India Programme (KIP). (20 words) 2007

17. Write about Indo-EU Economic Ties. 2008

18. Write notes on India and the New World Order. (150 words) 2008
19. Highlight the role of the Indian peacekeeping contingent as part of MONUSCO. 2010

ECONOMY

Development (Industrial, Agricultural, and Service Sector )- Policies, measures, and

achievements

1.

Briefly review our achievements in industrial development over the plan periods. What

roles have been assigned to the Public Sector and the Small- Sector Industries in our

industrial development plans and programmes? (About 500 words) 1979

Appraise the performance of the Public Sector Enterprises in India with reference to their

2.

objectives and the role assigned to them. Give your concrete suggestions for toning up their

performance. (About 500 words). 1980

What is India's largest (i ) departmental undertaking, and ( ii ) public sector enterprise as

3,

measured by the investments made in? What are the investments made in (i ) and ( ii )?

1980

4.It has been estimated that over Rs. 2 000 crores of public funds are looked up in sick

ndustrial units and the number of small sick units in the private sector is about 22,000,

What steps have the Government taken in the matter? ( Not more than 150 words) 1981
What is the procurement price' for food grains? What purpose does it serve? 1981

5.

6. Why do laborers in small-scale industries normally get lower wages than those in large

scale ones? 1882

7. What is social forestry? 1982

8.

What are the locational advantages of setting up port-based steel plants in India? 1982

9. Discuss the Industrial Policy of India adopted in the Sixth plan, tracing the changes in

industrial policy since independence. (About 250 words). 1983

10. India requires 225 million tons of food grains by the end of the twentieth century. Briefly

discuss the elements of the strategy of agricultural growth that can ensure an increase in

food grains output to meet this projected demand. 1984

11. Profitability is one index for judging the performance of public sector enterprises. What

other indices can be used for the purpose? Do you consider that the performance of the

public sector has improved during the last decade? 1984

12. Per capita, per day availability of cereals in India has during the last two decades (i)

remained constant ( ii ) gone up ( ii) gone down Give two major factors responsible for the

situation. 1984

13. Name three big business houses in India. (In terms of assets). 1984

4. How would you measure the industrial relations climate in a country? Out of the last three

years, when did we have the best climate? 1986

15. Account for the growing incidence of industrial sickness in India. Would you advocate

privatization of these sick units? Give reasons for your answer. (About 250 words ) 1987

16. Distinguish clearly between 'Joint Ventures' and Foreign Collaboration`. Use appropriate

examples to illustrate from India's recent experience. 1987

17. What are the limitations of mechanized farming in the Indian context? 1987

18. Recall three specific incentives given by our government to attract industries to the

backward areas. Name two such areas and their location. 1987
19,. Discuss the contribution of public sector enterprises to the economic development of India

Are these enterprises generating enough resources for further investment in the economy?

(About 250 words) 1988

20. Discuss the progress of Indian economy during 'Forty Years of Freedom`. What structural

changes do you think, have taken place in the economy? 1988

21. What are 'administered prices' and what is their role? Examine their impact on the general

price level. 1988

22. What is Minimum Wage? Is there any such provision in India? 1988

23. What is shifting cultivation, and where is it carried on? 1988

24. What are the basic objectives of the agricultural price policy of the Government of India

and how is it implemented? (About 250 words) 1989

25. Despite having high saving and investment rates. India is experiencing a low growth rate

Why is it so? 1989

26. What is meant by a high cost economy? Has India developed into a high cost economy and

ifso, how? 1989

27. Which part of India has developed comparatively more marine-based industries and why?

1989

28. Name the minerals used in generating nuclear energy and the places where they are found

in India. 1989

29. Identify and analyze a few major management problems that Indian public enterprises are

facing today. In light of your analysis, would you advocate "privatization" of some of our

public enterprises? (About 250 words) 1990

30. State and explain briefly the economic implications of the Right to Work" 1990

31. What is the Exchange Risk Administration Scheme? 1990

32. What usually is meant by the expression an underdeveloped economy? What, according to

you, are the basic causes of underdevelopment in India? (About 250 words) 1991

33. Analyze the main defects of the Indian Trade Union Movement. 1991

34. Bring out the main features of India's Trade Policy. 1991
35. What role were the Public Sector Undertakings expected to play in our planning process?

Briefly state the current policy of the Government of India with respect to Public Sector

Undertakings. (250 words) 1992

36. What are the main sources of short-term and long-term finance for Indian industries? 1992

37. What are Footloose Industries'? 1992

38. What do you mean by Government Buffer Stock Operations? 1993

39. What is Opportunity Cost? 1993

40. What is ICOR? What does a high ICOR indicate? 1993

41. What are the recommendations of the Malhotra Committee?

42. Discuss the desirability of removing all controls in India or the import and export of

agricultural commodities. 1994

43. Which sector of the economy is the informal sector? 1995

44. What is an MOU? What does it mean? 1996

45. What are Bailey's beads? 1996

46. Give your assessment of land reforms in India. 1997

47. Examine the important changes in India's Industrial Policy since the year 1991. 1997

48. What are the objectives of Social Forestry? 1997

49. What are the main reasons for industrial sickness in India? How can it be overcome? 1998

50. What has been the role of NRIs in the economic development of India in the recent past?

1998
51. What constitutes a Minor Irrigation Project? 1998

52. What is meant by Environmental Impact Assessment? 1998

53. What is new in India's New Industrial Policy of 1991? (About 250 words) 1999

54. India is rapidly emerging

as an Information Technology (IT) Superpower. Discuss some

aspects of the growth of this Sector in the Indian economy. What role can public policy play

in further enhancing growth prospects in this Sector? 2000

55. What do you mean by Parallel Economy`? 2000

56. What are the objectives of the New Economic Policy of the Government of India? 2000

57. Write a note on Rao- Manmohan's model of development. 2000

9. Distinguish between the human development index" and *the gender-related development

index". 2001

60. What is meant by "trickle-down" theory of development? 2001

61. What are 'Minimum Support Prices' in agricultural products? What are their objectives?

2002

62. Elucidate Special Economic Zones', 2002

63. State the comprehensive structural reforms undertaken to improve the Indian economy

since 1991. 2004

64. Examine the effect of economic development on environmental degradation in India. 2004

65. How is the human development index for life expectancy measured? 2004

66. Explain the necessity and role of controls in a mixed economy like India. 2004

67. Distinguish between primary sector, secondary sector, and tertiary sector. What is the

change in the share of each sector in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the period of

1950- 2000? 2004

68. What has been the policy of agricultural development during the last two decades in India?

2004
69. Write about the Physical Quality Life Index. 2005

70. What are the reasons for industrial sickness in India? Suggest suitable remedies. 2005

71. Write about: Crude oil prices and the Indian economy. 2005

72. Write about: What is the Gandhian economy? 2005

73. Write about: Second Green Revolution. 2005

74. Write about: The notion of development of under-development. 2005

75. What were the terms of reference of the Abid Hussain Committee? 2005

76. What is a rogue state? 2005

77. Describe the main sources of Industrial finance in India. How could India benefit from

recent developments in International finance? 2006

78. Discuss the role of the public sector during the post-reform period of the Indian economy.

2006

79. What is the Phillips curve? 2006

80. Write short notes on Footloose Industries. 2007

81. Comment on the relationship between credit availability and agricultural growth in India.

(250 words) 2007

82. Answer any two of the following (the answer to each question should be in about 150

words):

What is the meaning and aim of Social Forestry? What are the main weaknesses noticed

in the Social Forestry Programme?

Bring out the main objectives of Rashtriya Krishi Bima Yojana. The scheme is being
implemented by which agency?

Explain Mega Food Park Scheme of Government of India. 2007

84. Explain the terms: (2007 each)

i. Merit Goods.

ii. Trickle Down Theory

ii Engel's Law

iv. Meaning of CCIL

v. Administered Price

vi. Capital-Output Ratio.

ment of India. 200

Yo E ill roe ll 44%

85. Discuss Assistance to the States for Development of Export Infrastructure and other

Activities (ASIDE ). (150 words) 2008

86. How far has the impact of the global meltdown been reflected in the Economic Survey 2008-

09? Identify some of the core areas given priority to neutralize the adverse effects of the

global downturn. 2009

37. "Small-holder farms need to be strengthened to achieve national food security". Do you

agree with this assessment? Substantiate. ( 150 words) 2010

88. Domestic resource mobilization, though central to the process of Indian economic growth,

is characterized by several constraints. Explain. ( 150 words) 2012

89. List the main objectives of the National Manufacturing Policy ( NMP ),2011.(50 words) 2012

90. The Central Government frequently complains on the poor performance of the State

Governments in eradicating the suffering of the vulnerable sections of the society.

Restructuring of Centrally sponsored schemes across the sectors for ameliorating the cause

of vulnerable sections of population aims at providing flexibility to the States in better

implementation. Critically evaluate. (200 words) 2013

91. What are the different types of agriculture subsidies given to farmers at the national and at

state levels? Critically analyze the agricultural subsidy regime

with reference to the

distortions created by it. (200 words) 2013

92. Examine the impact of liberalization on companies owned by Indians. Are they competing

with the MNCs satisfactorily? Discuss. (200 words) 2013

93. Normally countries shift from agriculture to industry and then later to services, but India

shifted directly from agriculture to services. What are the reasons for the huge growth of

services vis-a-vis industry in the country? Can India become a developed country without a

strong industrial base? 2014

94. There is also a point of view that Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) set up

under the State Acts have not only impeded the development of agriculture but also have

been the cause of food inflation in India. Critically examine. 2014

95. Livestock rearing has a big potential for providing non-farm employment and income in

rural areas. Discuss suggesting suitable measures to promote this sector in India. 2015

96. There is a clear acknowledgment that Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are a tool of industrial

development, manufacturing and exports. Recognizing this potential, the whole

instrumentality of SEZs requires augmentation. Discuss the issue plaguing the success of

SEZs with respect to taxation, governing laws and administration. 2015

97. Has the Indian governmental system responded adequately to the demands of

Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation Started in 1991? What can the government

do to be responsive to this important change? 2016

98. "Traditional bureaucratic structure and culture have

socioeconomic development In India." Comment. 2016

hampered

the

process

of

99. "To ensure effective implementation of policies addressing water, sanitation, and hygiene

needs the identification of beneficiary segments is to be synchronized with the anticipated

outcomes." Examine the statement in the context of the WASH scheme. (150 words) 2017
100. Explain various types of revolutions that took place in Agriculture after Independence in

India. How these revolutions have helped in poverty alleviation and food security in India?

(150 words)2017

101. "Industrial growth rate has lagged behind in the overall" growth of Gross-Domestic-Product

(GDP) in the post-reform period." Give reasons. How far the recent changes in Industrial

Policy are capable of increasing the industrial growth rate? (250 words) 2017

102. Assess the role of the National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in boosting the production,

productivity, and income of horticulture farms. How far has it succeeded in increasing the

income of farmers? (250 words) 2018

103. The need for cooperation among various service sectors has been an inherent component of

development discourse. Partnership bridges the gap among the sectors. It also sets in

motion a culture of 'collaboration' and team spirit. In the light of statements above examine

India's development process. 2019

104. "Economic growth in the recent past has been led by increase in labour activity" Explain

this statement. Suggest the growth pattern that will lead to the creation of more jobs

without compromising labor productivity. (Answer in 250 words) 2022

105. Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDE

particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard.

(150 words, 10 marks) 2023

106. What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in

this regard and suggest improvements. (150 words, 10 marks) 2023

Planning- Objectives- Centralized, Decentralized, Regional & Urban, Development during FYPs

Allocation of funds and Population /Poverty / Unemployment

State: Rolling Plan. 1979

2. What is meant by 'planning from below" and planning from above"? 1980

Growth with stability has been enunciated as a major objective in the Policy Framework of

3.

the Sixth Five-Year Plan. Analyze the nature of the task and its operational problems

Examine the feasibility of this objective, keeping in view our planning process. (About 400

words) 1981

4. Health care for all by 2000 A.D. is an important objective of the Sixth Five Year Plan. What

steps are being taken for the supply of safe drinking water and provide adequate notational

safeguards, particularly to the vulnerable sections of the community? What is the present

status of preventive medical facilities in our country? (About 400 words) 1981

5.

Jnemployment in India is of many types and therefore a complex issue. Describe the nature
of this problem and the measures adopted to deal with it, particularly in rural areas. (About

150 words). 1982

6. In the emphasis placed by planners on the primacy of the rate of economic growth, scant

attention has been paid to the structural and ideological objectives of planning in India.

Critically examine this statement. (About 150 words) 1982

7, Describe the various types of unemployment in India. What are the measures devised in the

Sixth Plan to deal with rural unemployment? 1982

8. What is the criterion adopted to draw the poverty line in India? What is the extent of India's

population living below the poverty line? 1982

9. In what respects, is the Sixth Five-Year Plan an improvement on the Fifth Plan? In light of

the mid- term review, how far are the targets and objectives likely to be realised? (About

250 words) 1983

10. Describe the major objectives for Science and Technology in the Sixth Plan in energy,

mining, and minerals telecommunication and broadcasting sectors. (About 250 words) 1983

11. Attainment of self-reliance has been a major objective of Planning in India. Analyze the

Implications of this policy. Assess the progress made so far in this regard. 1983

12. Why does the Government of India impose a surcharge on income tax? 1983
13. Enumerate the salient features of the Approach to the Seventh Five-Year Plan. Do you think

the new approach will be able to harmonize the objectives of growth, reduction in

unemployment, and better social justice? Evaluate in this context, the Seventh Plan

Approach. (About 250 words) 1984

14. Recall the important measures undertaken by the Government to reduce the operations of

parallel economy in India. Do you think these measures have been effective? 1984

15. Examine the case for balanced regional development as an objective of economic planning

in India. How far has it been achieved? (About 250 words) 1985

16. What is meant by' manpower planning ? Has it been carried out in India? Examine the

problem of brain drain from India. (About 250 words) 1985

17. What is black money and why is it so called? Specify the main causes of its generation in

India. 1985

18. In course of planned economic development, India's actual growth has mostly been lower

than the larger growth. How would you explain this shortfall? 1986

19. Describe briefly the development strategy of the Seventh Five Year Plan. 1986
20. Name three economic legislations India and specify the objective of each. 1986

21. What Is a ' subsidy? Name two major items of central subsidies in India. 1986

22. Comment on the employment strategy as envisaged in our Seventh Five Year Plan. 1987

23. What are the likely advantages of the recent Government policy of Broad-banding? 1987

24. Economic offenders often thrive in a parallel economy. Is it true or false? Explain your view.

1987

25. Discuss the problem of rural unemployment in India. What specific schemes have been

launched by the Government to generate employment opportunities in rural areas? (About

250 words) 1988

26. There is renewed emphasis on district planning in India. Examine its rationale, past

experience and scope for success. 1988

27. India is planning to provide for the generation and distribution of 38 ,000 MW of electric

power in the Eighth Plan. How are these objectives to be achieved? What are the constraints

that are likely to be met with? (About 250 words) 1989

28. What are the main components of the non- Plan expenditure of the Government of India?

Discuss the recent trends in the growth of this expenditure. 1989

29. What are 'economic offenses? Name two such offenses and the laws enacted in India to

deal with them. 1989

30. What is meant by population explosion? Has it occurred in India. 1989

31. What is the rationale for decentralized planning in India. Discuss the obstacles that have

stood in the way of such planning? (About 250 words) 1990

32. What measures have been taken under the Five Year Plans to increase employment

opportunities in rural areas? 1990

33. Discuss the measures taken in the Five-Year Plans to mitigate rural poverty. (About 250

words) 1991

34. What is Non-Plan Expenditure? 1991

35. Discuss the main features of India's Eighth Five-Year plan with special reference to the

agricultural sector. 1992

36. Explain the term 'Integrated Rural Development. Bringing out its strategic importance. 1992

37. One of the priority objectives of the Eighth Five Year Plan is the generation of adequate

employment to achieve near full employment level by the turn of the century. (Eighth Five

Year Plan) What is the strategy envisaged for the fulfillment of this objective? (About 250

words) 1993

38. In a developing country like ours what, according to you, should be the basis of taxation-

income or consumption? Spell out your arguments clearly. 1993

39, What is meant by growth rate of population? 1993

40. Differentiate between indicative and target planning. Where should the Eighth Five Year

Plan be placed? (About 250 words) 1994

41. Explain the significance of the April 1994 Supreme Court judgement on the proclamation of

President's rule. 1994

42. Can excessive economic backwardness itself be a cause of excess population? 1994

43. In what ways do land reforms help agricultural growth? Briefly state the aim of land

reforms as envisaged in the Eighth Five Year Plan.(About 250 words) 1995

44. Comment on the view that economic planning can raise the rate of capital formation

appreciably above the rate attainable under a system of private saving and investment
(About 250 words) 1996

45. How has the Census (1991) defined the Urban Areas? 1997

46. What are the main objective of Ninth Five Year Plan? 1997

47. "The past 50 years of development in India were characterized by planning but the next 50

years of development would be led by the market. Comment. (About 250 words) 1998

48. How is absolute poverty line measured? What are the important measures taken by the

Government to eradicate rural poverty in India? (About 250 words) 1998

49. What is Plan Holiday? 1999

50. Control overgrowth of population in India is an essential condition for the country's rapid

economic development. Discuss. 2000

51. Discuss the economic effects of Black money (Parallel economy) in Indian economy. 2000
52. What are the main objectives of the 9th Five-Year Plan of the Government of India? 2000

53. What has been the impact-of the recent economic reforms programme on the incidence of

poverty in India? 2000

54. What are the UNDP indicators with reference to the planning process? 2001

55. What is the incidence of poverty in India? How should poverty alleviation programmes be

constructed? 2001

56. What is meant by "couple protection ratio"? 2001

57. Explain rolling plan" . 2001

58. Illustrate Lorenz curve. 2001

59. What is "misery index? 2001

60. Outline the main targets fixed in the National Population Policy 2000.What have been the

follow up measures to this policy? 2002

61. Define Sex ratio in the population of India. What is its present status? 2002

62. Write a note on the strategy of planning in India since 1951 2003

63. Outline the important objectives of the Tenth Five Year Plan

2003

64. What is Plan Holiday? 2003

65. What is the main objective of the Competition Act, 2002? 2003

66. How is poverty level measured? Evaluate poverty eradication programmes in India. 2004
67. What is social justice in the context of Indian economy? 2004

68. Difference between absolute poverty and relative poverty. 2005

69. What is Structural unemployment? 2005

70. What are the implications of gender disparities in India? 2006

71. What is Laffer curve? 2006

72. What is disguised unemployment? 2006

73. What is rolling settlement? 2006

74. Benefits and potential drawbacks of'cash-transfers' to Below Poverty Line' (BPL)

households. Comment, (in about 150 words) 2011

75. New initiatives during the 11th Five Year Plan in the National Programme for Control
Blindness (NCPB). Comment, (in about 150 words) 2011

76. "There is an urgent need for the Planning Commission to revise the chapter on health in the

12th Plan document". Comment. (150 words) 2012

77. With a consideration towards the strategy of inclusive growth, the new Companies Bill,

2013has indirectly made CSR a mandatory obligation. Discuss the challenges expected in its

implementation in right earnest. Also discuss other provisions in he Bill and their

implications. (200 words) 2013

78. Capitalism has guided the world economy to unprecedented prosperity. However, it often

encourages short-sightedness and contributes to wide disparities between the rich and the

poor. In this light, would it be correct to believe and adopt capitalism for bringing inclusive

growth in India? Discuss. 2014

79. Though there have been several different estimates of poverty in India, all indicate

reduction in poverty levels over time. Do you agree. Critically examine with reference to

urban and rural poverty indicators. 2015

80. The nature of economic growth in India in recent times is often described as a jobless

growth. Do you agree with this view? Give arguments in favour of your answer. 2015

81. Comment on the challenges for inclusive growth which include careless and useless
manpower in the Indian context. Suggest measures to be taken for facing these challenges.

2016

82. One of the intended objectives of Union Budget 2017- 18 is to transform, energise and clean

India". Analyse the measures proposed in the Budget 2017-18 to achieve the objective. (250

words)2017

83. What are the salient features of inclusive growth? Has India been experiencing such

growth process? Analyse and suggest measures for inclusive growth. (250 words) 2017

84. How are the principles followed by the NITI Aayog different from those followed by the

erstwhile Planning Commission in India? (150 words)2017

85. Mention core strategies for the transformation of aspirational districts in India and explain

the nature of convergence, collaboration and competition for its success. (250 words)2018

86. Despite Consistent experience of high growth, India still goes with the lowest indicators of

human development. Examine the issues that make balanced and inclusive development

elusive. 2019

87. In- the context of the neoliberal paradigm of developmental planning, multi-level planning

is expected to make operations cost-effective and remove many implementation blockages

Discuss. 2019
88. It is argued that the strategy of inclusive growth is intended to meet the objectives of

inclusiveness and sustainability together? Comment on this statement. (250 words) 2019

89. Explain intra-generational and inter-generational issues of equity from the perspective of

Inclusive growth and sustainable development. (150 words) 2020

90. Is inclusive growth possible under market economy? State the significance of financial

inclusion in achieving economic growth in India. (Answer in 150 words) 2022

91. Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology

adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements. (250 words,

15 marks) 2023

Foreign Trade & Balance of Payments Policy,

Liberalization, Convertibility of rupee and other

measures

1.Why are most jute mills located in the neighborhood on River Hooghly? 1981

2. Why should India export iron ore when we still produce so little steel per capita? 1982
3. Do you consider a policy of import substitution or export promotion to provide an enduring

solution to our balance of payments problem? Has the export promotion policy been able to

achieve its objectives? (About 250 words) 1984

4. Would you accept or reject the view that in recent years, the tendency in our economic

policies has been towards liberalization? Give reasons in support of your stand, quoting

necessary evidence. (About 250 words) 1986

5. Recall the set of incentives available for investment by the non-resident Indians. What are

the likely uses and abuses of such investment? 1986

6. What are the major components of our total foreign exchange reserves? 1986

7. Are there good reasons behind the suggestion that in the new program of economic

liberalization, India should go slow in the matter of exit policy? (About 250 words) 1992

8. What is the Partial Convertibility of Rupee? What are its basic objectives? How is it going to

benefit the Indian economy? 1992

9. Discuss the main issues involved in the provisions regarding the Trade Related Intellectual

Property Rights in the DUNKEL Draft Text, about India. (About 250 words) 1993

10. What measures have been taken by the Government of India to attract direct foreign

investment, as a part of the new strategy of Industrial Development in India? 1993

11. What does SDR stand for? How are the countries benefited from it? 1993

12. Explain the concept of 'global village`. 1994

13. What are Euro issues? 1994

14. What is the Marraesh Declaration? 1994

15. What is Eurostar? 1994

16. What is innovation? What kind of economic compulsions in a country like India, you think,

could stimulate innovations? 1994

17. Differentiate between Trade and Balance of Payments. 1996

18. What is a Multilateral Agreement on Investment? How wil it affect the economy of a

developing country like India? (About 250 words) 1999

19. Discuss the reasons for the failure of the Seattle Millennium talks on the WTO (World Trade

Organization). Discuss some implications of this failure for the Indian economy. 2000

20. Liberalization of the Indian economy since 1991 has led to excessive consumerism and

over-production of white goods' Elucidate, 2001

21. What do you understand by "Current Account Convertibility of Rupee"? 2001

22. What is meant by the ""Most Favoured Nation" policy? 2001

23. The main thrust of Export-Import Policy 2002-07 is to create a framework for enhancing

India's export capability. In light of this statement outline the salient features of EXIM Policy

2002-07. 2002
24. Outline the main objectives and achievements of the for quite some time. What difference

would an increase in FDI make? Critically evaluate the pros and cons. 2014

25. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the defense sector is now set to be liberalized. What

nfluence this is expected to have on Indian defense and economy in the short and long

run? 2014

26. The craze for gold in Indians has led to a surge In the Import of gold in recent years and put

pressure on the balance of payments and the external value of the rupee. Given this,

examine the merits of the Gold Monetisation scheme.2015

27.Justify the need for FDI for the development of the Indian economy. Why there is a gap

between MOUs signed and actual FDIs? Suggest remedial steps to be taken to increase

actual FDIs in India. 2016

28. Account for the failure of the manufacturing sector to achieve the goal of labor-intensive

exports. Suggest measures for more labor-intensive rather than capital-intensive exports.

(150 words) 2017

29. How would the recent phenomena of protectionism and currency manipulations in world

trade affect the macroeconomic stability of India? (250 words) 2018

De* Fiscal Policy- Tax Structure, Reforms and changes, Budget and Fiscal Federalism

State the distinctive features of the national budget for 1979-80. To what extent are the

1.

present inflationary trends derived from the budget provisions? (About 200 words) 1979

2. What are 'bearer bonds? Why were special bearer bonds devised in February, 1981? What

were their budgetary objectives? Examine how far such bonds achieved their objectives?

1981

3. Discuss the specific schemes announced in the Union budget for 1982-83 for fostering

saving. 1982

4. Examine the pros and cons of increasing the level of taxation on the agricultural sector:

1982

5. What tax concessions were given in the Union Budget for 1983-84 to persons and

industries? Examine the rationale for granting such concessions. 1983

6. Why does the Government of India impose a surcharge on income tax? 1983

Name at least five taxes levied by the State Governments in India. Which tax brings them
7.

the largest amount of revenue? 1985

8. What is a MODVAT? Examine its possible advantages and disadvantages. 1986

9 What is Zero-base budgeting? 1987

10. Examine the debt burden of the Government on India. Is the country heading towards a

'debt trap? 1988

11. Name the direct and indirect taxes levied by the Government of India. Which of these yields

the highest amount of revenue? 1988

12. What is fiscal drag? What is its effect? 1992

13. Indicate briefly the tax reforms that have been introduced in India after the coming in of

the New Economic Policy. 1994

14. What is meant by equity in taxation? 1994

15. Why should fiscal deficit in India be rising again? 1994

16. Do you agree with the view that, in a country like India, a tax on wealth would be a useful

supplement to the income tax? Argue the case In the light of Raja Chelliah Tax Reform

Committee Report. (About 250 words) 1995

17. Does reduction In fiscal deficit necessanly assure reduction in inflation? 1995

18. Do you think that income tax reduces economic incentives? Give your reasons. 1995

19. Briefly comment on the purpose and type of changes made in our tax structure in the

context of liberalisation and structural reforms during the first half of the 1990s. 1996

20. How do you distinguish between specific and ad valorem duties? 1996

21. Why was MODVAT Scheme introduced in the year 1986? 1997

22. What is Tobin tax? What are its main features? 1999

23. How is revenue deficit different from budgetary deficit? 1999

24. Write a note on MODVAT Scheme of 1986. 2000

25. What do you mean by revenue deficit in the Central Government's Budget? 2000

26. What are the hurdles faced by the Finance Ministers of India in keeping the fiscal deficit

below 3-4 percent of the GDP? Suggest steps to lower the fiscal deficit. 2001

27. What is peak rate of Custom duty? What are its objectives in India? 2002

28. Define fiscal deficit. 2002

29. The Union Budget 2002-03 recommended some services to be taxed. Name any 4 of these

services. 2002

30. What is dumping? What is its objective? 2002

31. Distinguish between ad-valorem and specific duties. 2002

32. Define zero based budget. 2002

33. What were the major recommendations of the Task Force on direct taxes appointed under

the Chairmanship of Shri Vijay L. Kelkar? 2003

34. What is Value Added Tax? 2003

35. What is the main thrust of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Bill? 2003

36. Explain the essential feature of differential rate of interest scheme. 2003

37. Which are the three major items of expenditure of the Government of India on revenue

account? 2003

38. What is Minimum Alterative Tax (MAT)? 2004

39. What is deficit financing? 2004

40. Explain the implications of the implementation of Intellectual Property Clauses in our

patent law regime after joining the WTO. 2006

41. What is twin deficit? 2006

42. What were the reasons for the introduction of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget

Management FRBM ) Act, 2003? Discuss critically its salient features and their

effectiveness. (200 words) 2013

43. What is the meaning of the term Tax expenditure`? Taking housing sector as an example,

discuss how it influences the budgetary policies of the government. (200 words) 2013

44. Discuss the rationale for introducing Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. Bring out

critically the reasons for the delay in roll out for its regime. (200 words) 2013

45. Comment on he important changes introduced in respect of the Long-term Capital Gains

Tax (LCGT) and Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT) in the Union Budget for 2018-2019. (150

words) 2018

46. Enumerate the indirect taxes which have been subsumed in the Goods and Servies tax in

India. Also, comment on the revenue implications of GST introduced in India since July

2017. (150 words) 2017

47. The public expenditure management is a challenge to the government of India in the

context of budget making during the post-liberalisation period. Clarify it. (250 words) 2019

48. Explain the rationale behind the Goods and Services Tax (Compensation to States) Act of

2017. How has COVID-19 impacted the GST compensation fund and created new federal

tension. (250 words) 2020

49. How have the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission of India enabled the states

to improve their fiscal position? 2021

50. Distinguish between Capital Budget and Revenue Budget. Explain the components of both

these Budgets. 2021

51. Do you think India will meet 50 percent of its energy needs from renewable energy by

2030? Justify your answer. How will the shift of subsidies from fossil fuels to renewables

help achieve the above objective? Explain. (Answer in 250 words) 2022

52. Distinguish between 'care economy` and 'monetized economy. How can care economy be

brought into monetized economy through women empowerment? 2023

5. Monetary Policy- Banking, Prices, and Inflation

State as to what the MONEX stands for? 1979

T.

2. The phenomenon of rising prices has been largely responsible for putting Indian economy

and planning out of gear; it is also a source of acute hardship to the people. What are the

basic reasons for continuous inflation in India and what has been the Government strategy

to control it? What specific measures have recently been taken by the Government of India

for controlling price level? (200 words) 1981

3,

Analyse the functioning of dual pricing of sugar in India. Offer your comments. (82/I1/6a/20)

4. What do you understand by'MONEX? 1982

5. Describe the organisation and the functions of Regional Rural banks, Review their
achievements. Is there any conflicting jurisdiction between these rural banks and

cooperative credit societies? 1983

6. Inflation has been a major and persistent cause of poverty and inecuality in India. 'Analyse.

1983

What is Bank Rate? What is the Bank Rate in India at present? 1983

7.

8. What are the main components of money supply jn India? 1984

9. Examine the controversy regarding the sharp rise in the price of sugar in India in the recent

past. What steps have been taken by the Government to curb it? 1985

10. Despite an increase in the pay-packet, the purchasing power of the people has not really

gone up. How can this happen? 1987

11.What are lead banks? 1988

12. Discuss the factors that have led to the recent increase in the general price level and the

measures taken by the Government to Combat it. 1990

13. What is Statutory Liquidity Requirement of commercial banks? 1991

14. What is ICICI? 1991

15. It is claimed that the price situation in India improved considerably in 1992-93 with a

gradual decline in the annual rate of inflation in the course of the year. What are the factors

that moderated the inflationary pressures? 1993

16. It is being suggested that the commercial banks in India should reduce their holdings of

non-performing assets. Does it mean that the former should abandon social priorities?

(About 250 words) 1994

17. What has been the rationale for deregulating commercial bank's lending rates as a policy

strategy? 1995

18. Explain the factors responsible for the decline in the value of Indian Rupee vis-a-vis U.S.

Dollar during the Financial year 1995-96. Enumerate the corrective measures undertaken

by the Reserve Bank of India in this regard. (About 250 words) 1996

19. Discuss the steps taken by the Government in recent years to control inflation. 1997

20. Comment on the view that Monetary Policy in India is used more as a stabilisation device

rather than as a development tool. 1998

21. What is Cash Reserve Ratio? 1999

22. Differentiate between "galloping inflation and" run-away 'nation". 2001

23. Describe the recommendations of Narasimham Committee regarding the banking sector in

India. 2004

26. Write about Cost-push inflation. 2005

27. What is stagflation? (20 words) 2007

28. What is Venture Capital? (20 words) 2007

10:36

24. What is Cash Reserve Ratio? 2004

25. What does "priority sector lending mean? 2004

29. What do you understand by repo rate and reverse repo rate`? What are the implications in

raising these rates? 2010

30. Salient recommendations of the RBI- appointed Damodaran committee on customer service

in Banks. Comment, (in about 150 words) 2010

31. Why the Central Statistics Office has notified a new series of Consumer Price Index from
this year? Comment. 2011

32. Electronic cash transfer system for the welfare schemes is an ambitious project to minimize

corruption, eliminate wastage and facilitate reforms. Comment. (200 words) 2013

33. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is necessary for bringing unbanked to the

institutional finance fold. Do you agree with this for financial inclusion of the poor section

of the Indian society? Give arguments to justify your opinion. 2016

34. Among several factors for India's potential growth, savings rate is the most effective one. Do

you agree? What are the other factors available for growth potential? (150 words, 10 marks)

(2017)

35. Do you agree with the view that steady GDP growth and low inflation have left the Indian

economy in good shape? Give reasons in support of your arguments. (150 words, 10 marks)

(2019)

Programmes- Poverty alleviation, Employment generation related to Rural Development and

Environmental Protection

1. Discuss the role of Village Cooperative Movements in promoting rural welfare and

development in India. How is the National Dairy Development Board achieving their

objectives? (About 500 words) 1979

2.

Removal of poverty was a principal objective of the Fifth Five Year Plan; this has been

reiterated in the Sixth Plan. Analyse the nature of the problem and the impediments

nvolved. How far is this objective likely to be realized during the Sixth Plan Period? 1981

3. What are the main reasons for launching the Integrated Rural Development Programme?

State its main objectives. How is it being financed? ( Not more than 150 words) 1982

4. Why did he Prime Minister of India announce in June 1982"new" Twenty-Point

Programme? Mention briefly the main points included in the new programme which would

directly benefit the rural population and rural economy. (Not more than 200 words) 1982

5. Attempt a critical overview of various types of Anti- Poverty Programme at work in India

today. (About 250 words) 1986

○ Examine the working of the Public Distribution System in India, with particular reference

to its objectives and constraints. Suggest a set of measures towards an improvement in the

present system. 1987

7. What is the economic rationale for undertaking the Backward Area Development

Programme? Discuss the specific measures taken by the Government in this direction. 1989

8. What, according to you, are the remedies to the problem of rural indebtedness in India?

1991

9. What are the factors that ensure the success of the Public Distribution System? 1991
10. Explain the term 'Integrated Rural Development Bringing out Its strategic importance. 1992

11. Describe the main objective of DPAP . 1992

12. Make a case for strengthening the social sector in India. 1994

13. What policy has the Government of India adopted in recent years to protect our

environment, control pollution and maintain ecological balance? State briefly. 1995

14. What are fringe benefits? 1995

15. How is poverty-line defined in India? Briefly enumerate the measures undertaken by the

Government in recent years to alleviate poverty. 1996

16. What is a Lorentz curve? 1996

17. What measures has the government taken to make women economically independent and

self reliant during the last decade? 1997

18. Why was the rationale for Mid-day Meal' Scheme? 1997

19. Describe the use of Command Area Development in India. 1997

20. What is (Revised) Targeted Public Distribution System? What are its main features? 2000

21. What are the objectives of Social Security? 2000

22. Describe the use of Command Area Development in India. 2000

23. How has the Census (1991) defined the Urban Areas? 2000

24. What is the rationale for 'Mid-day Meal Scheme? 2000

25. With what objectives was 'Essential Commodities Act 1955 amended last year? 2002

26. With what objectives was 'Annapurna' Scheme launched? 2002

27. Elucidate Sampooma Gramin Rozgar Yojna'. 2002

28. Why was Janastiree Bima Yojana introduced? 2003

29. What was the essential feature of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana? 2003

30. Explain the objectives of Plant Varieties Rights Act,2002. 2004

31. Write about Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya Yojana. 2005

32. What is the difference between Green Box subsidies and Blue Box subsidies? 2006

33. Write on Rajiv Gandhi Seva Kendra in about 20 words. 2009

34. Comment on the salient features of the recent draft Model Real Estate(Regulation of

Development) Act of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation of the Central

Government. 2010

35. Critically examine the design of the National Rural livelihoods Mission (NRIM) scheme. Do

you think it has a better chance of success than the Swamajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana

(SGSY) in achieving its objectives? (in about 250 words ) 2011

36. The concept of Mid Day Meal ( MDM ) scheme is almost a century old in India with early

beginning in Madras Presidency in pre- independent India. The scheme has again been
given impetus in most states in the last two decades. Critically examine its twin objectives,

latest mandates and success.(200 words) 2013

37.Do government's schemes for up-lifting vulnerable and backward communities by

protecting required social resources for them, lead to their exclusion n establishing

businesses in urban economies? 2014

38. Two parallel run schemes of the Government, viz. the Adhar Card and NPR, one of

voluntary and the other as compulsory, have led to debates at national levels and also

litigations. On merits, discuss whether or not both schemes need run concurrently. Analyse

the potential of the schemes to achieve developmental benefits and equitable growth. 2014

39. Discuss the Namami Gange and National Mission for clean Ganga (NMCG) programmes and

causes of mixed results from the previous schemes. What quantum leaps can help preserve

the river Ganga better than incremental inputs? 2015

40. "Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India remain mere showpieces until and unless they

are backed by political wil". Discuss with reference to the performance of the major

poverty alleviation programmes in India. (250 words) 2017

41. "Despite implementation of various programmes for eradication of poverty by the

government in India, poverty is stil existing." Explain by giving reasons. (150 words) 2018

42. "Policy contradictions among various competing sectors and stakeholders have resulted in

inadequate protection and prevention of degradation to environment." Comment with

relevant illustrations. (150 words) 2018

43. "Farn while you learn scheme needs to be strengthened to make vocational education and

skill training meaningful." Comment. 2021

44. What are the salient features of the National Food Security Act, 2013? How has the Food

Security Bill helped in eliminating hunger and malnutrition in India? 2021

45. What are the major challenges of Public Distribution System (PDS) in India? How can it be

made effective and transparent? (Answer in 150 words) 2022

Money Market and Capital Market

1. What do you understand by ( i) a right share issue , and (i) a bonus share issue? 1980

2. What is a soft loan"? 1982

3, What are mutual funds? Do we have such funds in India? 1989

In the context of recent institutional developments in our capital markets, what do the

4.

following abbreviations stand for : (i) CRISIL (ii) SEBI (iii) SHCI 1991

5. What is Call Money? 1995

What is meant by Mutual Fund? 1998

7. What does buy- back of shares mean? 1999

Discuss the nature and causes of the UTI crisis with particular reference to US- 64

8,

does this UTI fiasco affect the investment climate in India? 2001

How

9. What Is CRISIL '? What does it do? 2001

10. Expand the term nasdaq". 2001

11. Distinguish between a hard currency and a 'soft' currency. 2001

12. Highlight the main feature of the policy relating to buy back of shares. 2003
13. Write about Dow Jones. 2005

14. Write about Repo market. 2005

15. What is Hundi? 2006

16. What is the main difference between free trade area and common market? (2006

17. What is forward currency market? 2006

18. What is offshore currency market? 2006

19. What are Eurobonds? 2006

20. What are nifty and the nifty junior? 2006

21. What is Cheap Money.(20 words) 2007

22. What is Hot Money. (20 words) 2007

23. After the September Ist changes, do you think that Unit Linked Insurance Plans (UUPs) and

Mutual Funds ( MFs) are on a level playing field? Substantiate your answer from the

perspective of an ordinary investor. 2010

8. National Income

1. Distinguish between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP). 1992

2. Explain per capita income as a measure of economic growth. 1998

What is meant by Quality of life? 1998

3.

4. What is the difference between Gross National Product and Net National Product? 1998
Explain per capita income as a measurement of economic growth. 2000

5.

6. What is green GNP? 2001

7. What is Green GDP? 2005

8. What is Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)? 2005

9. Critically examine the differing estimates for (i ) poverty figures, and ( il ) GDP growth data

for April June 2010, that have been in the news recently. In your view, what estimates are

more reflective of the ground reality, and why? 2010

10. Define potential GDP and explain its determinants. What are the factors that have been

inhibiting India from realising its potential GDP? (150 words) 2020

11. Explain the difference between computing methodology of India's Gross Domestic Product

(GDP) before the year 2015 and after the year 2015. 2021
12. Do you agree that the Indian economy has recently experienced V. shapes recovery? Give

reasons in support of your answer. 2021

INFRASTRUCTURE

1. Assess the success and failure of Indian education and indicate the desirable changes

needed in the present system. (About 200 words) 1979

Name the Railway in India that carries the largest quantity of coal. Give reasons. 1983

2.

3. What are the principal components of economic infrastructure? Inadequacy of the

infrastructure as well as Its poor utilization have been the principal bottlenecks in

economic development. Comment. 1984

What is the HBJ pipe line? What will it carry , from where to where , and for what purpose?

4.

1988

nfrastructure bottlenecks continue to stifle the economic growth in India . Comment. 1998

5.
6. Highlight salient feature of National Highway Development Project. 2002

7. What ails India's road transport economy? Suggest measures of remedy. 2004

8. In the context of recent incidents, suggest measures on how security of passengers and

property can be Improved over Indian Railways. 2009

9. Are the 'Dedicated Freight Corridor railway project and the 'Golden Quadrilateral road

project mutually complementary or competitive? Assess. 2010

10. Write anote on India's green energy corridor to alleviate the problem of conventional

energy.(200 words) 2013

11. Adoption of PPP model for Infrastructure development of the country has not been free of

criticism. Critically discuss pros and cons of the model. (200 words) 2013

12. The setting up of Rail Tariff Authority to regulate fares will subject the cash strapped

Indian Railways

o
demand subsidy for obligation to operate non- profitable routes and

services. Taking into account the experience in the power sector , discuss if the proposed

reform is expected to benefit the consumers, the Indian Railways or the private container

operators. 2014

13. Explain how Private Public Partnership arrangements, in long gestation infrastructure

projects, can transfer unsustainable liabilities to the future What arrangements need to be

put in place to ensure that successive generations' capacities are not compromised? 2014

14. National Urban Transport Policy emphasises on moving people instead of moving vehicles'

Discuss critically the success of the various strategies of the Government in this regard.

2014

15. Examine the development of Airports in India through joint ventures under Public-Private

Partnership (PPP) model. What are the challenges faced by the authorities in this regard.

(150 words) 2017

16. "Investment in infrastructure is essential for more rapid and inclusive economic growth

Discuss in the light of India's experience. 2021

17. Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in infrastructural projects? Examine the

role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India. (Answer in 150 words)

2022.
10. Capital Formation

What measures do you suggest to raise the volume of Public Savings In our country? Briefly

1.

state the importance of such savings for the contemporary economic scene. 1996

2. What is ICOR (Incremental Capital Output Ratio)? 2000

3 Indian economy presents a paradox of high savings rate with low- income and high savings

rate with low growth rate. Analyze. 2001

4. Write brief note on National Investment Fund. 2010

11. Land Reforms In India

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Establish relationship between land reforms, agriculture Productivity and elimination of

1.

poverty in the Indian economy. Discuss the difficulties in designing and implementation of

agriculture friendly land reforms in India.(200 words) 2013

2. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and

Resettlement Act, 2013 has come into effect from 1st January, 2014. What are the key Issues

which would get addressed with the Act in place? What Implications would It have on

industrialization and agriculture in India? 2014

3.In view of the declining average size of land holdings in India which has made agriculture

non-viable for a majority of farmers, should contract farming and land leasing be promoted

in agriculture? Critically evaluate the pros and cons. (200 words, 12.5 marks) (2015)

4. Discuss the role of land reforms in agricultural development. Identify the factors that were

responsible for the success of land reforms in India. (200words, 12.5 marks) (2016)

How did land reforms in some parts of the country help to improve the socio- economic

5.

conditions of marginal and small farmers? (150 words, 10 marks) (2021)

6. State the objectives and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how land ceiling policy

on landholding can be considered as an effective reform under economic criteria. 2023

12. World Economic Organisations /Agencies

Describe briefly about - The World Bank. 1979

T.

2. State as to what the The Group of 77 stands for? 1979

3, Write short notes on the following. Your answer should cover inter alia the points

mentioned :IMF Loan to India : Reasons for seeking the loan assistance : quantum of loan

sanctioned : amounts so far released by IMF. Corrective measures taken by the Government

of India in pursuance of their discussions with IMF. (Not more than 100 words) 1982

4. What is 'Black Box`? What are the functions of FDR and CVR? (About 35 words) 1985

5.

Write a short note on European Common Market (1992) .1992

6. Give the full names of : (i) EAO (ii) FOB ( i ) GATT 1992

7. What is Group of 77? 1995

Examine the functions of the European Free Trade Association. 2005

8.

9. What is CEMA bloc? 2006

10. Discuss India' s stand on agricultural issues in WTO' s Ministerial Conferences since Doha

Round. (250 words) 2008

11.1 In the WTO negotiations over the years of the DOHA Round, India appears to be diluting

its stand on agriculture issues to pursue perceived gains in services. Critically examine this

statement. 2009

12. Does India need the World Bank? 2009

13. Have the Uruguay Round negotiations and the resultant Trade Related Intellectual Property

Rights (TRIPS) agreement helped in resolving trade conflicts arising out of variations in

different nations' IPR regimes? Also list the steps taken by India to conform to TRIPS. 2010

14. Compare and contrast the role of the IMF with that of the World Bank. 2010

15. Comment on the reasons for the recent economic crisis in the so- called 'PIGS' countries of

Europe. 2010

16. Functions of the World Customs Organisation (WCO). Comment 2011

17. The World Bank and the IMF , collectively known as the Breton Woods Institutions, are the

two inter-governmental pillars supporting the structure of the world's economic and

financial order Superficially, the World Bank and the IMF exhibit many common

characteristics, yet their role, functions and mandate are distinctly different. Elucidate. (200

words). 2013

18. Some of the International funding agencies have special terms for economic participation

stipulating a substantial component of the aid to be used for sourcing equipment from the

leading countries. Discuss on merits of such terms and if, there exists a strong case not to

accept such conditions in the Indian context. 2014

19. India has recently signed to become founding member of New Development Bank (NDB)
and also the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB ). How will the role of the two

Banks be different? Discuss the strategic significance of these two Banks for India. 2014

20. What are the key areas of reform if the WTO has to survive in the present context of "Trade

War', especially keeping in mind the interest of India? (250 words) 2018

13. Indian Economic Organisations

1. Discuss the status and the specific role of the Finance Commission in India. 1985

. Give an account of the mechanism employed in India to transfer financial resources from

the Centre to the States. 1987

3. What is NABARD and what is its main role? 1989

4. Discuss briefly the main recommendations of the Tenth Finance Commission. 1996

Discuss the advantages of Alternatives Scheme of Devolution suggested by the Tenth

5.

Finance Commission of India. 1997

6. When and why was SEBI established? 1999

7. What is SIDBI? What are its functions? 1999

8. What are the main objectives of NABARD? 2000

9. What do you know about 11th Finance Commission? 2000

10. What is the role of SEBI? 2002

11. What is a Finance Commission? 2003

12. When was the idea of Agriculture Insurance Corporation mooted? 2003

13. What are the objectives of the Twelfth Finance Commission? 2004

14. what is the main objective of Security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)? 2004
15. What is IFC? 2005

16. The product diversification of financial institutions and insurance companies, resulting in

overlapping of products and services strengthens the case for the merger of the twO

regulatory agencies, namely SEBI and IRDA. Justify (200 words) 2013

14. Agreements involving India and/ or affecting India's Interests

1. The aim of InformationTechnology Agreements (ITAs) is to lower all taxes and tariffs on

information technology products by signatories to zero. What impact would such

agreements have on India's interests? 2014

2. Present an account of the Indus Water Treaty and examine its ecological, economic and

political implications in the context of changing bilateral relations. 2016

WELFARE SCHEMES FOR VULNERABLE SECTIONS OF SOCIETY

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Do the government's schemes for uplifting vulnerable and backward communities by

1.

protecting required social resources for them, lead to their exclusion in establishing

businesses in urban economies?

2.

Does the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 ensure an effective mechanism for

empowerment and inclusion of the intended beneficiaries in the society? Discuss (150

words)

3. The performance of welfare schemes that are implemented for vulnerable sections is not so

effective due to the absence of their awareness and active involvement at all stages of the

policy process. Discuss. 2019

4. Besides the welfare schemes, India needs deft management of inflation and unemployment

to serve the poor and the underprivileged sections of society. Discuss. 2022

16. FOOD PROCESSING & RELATED INDUSTRIES IN INDIA AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

What are the impediments in marketing and supply chain management in developing the

1.

food processing industry in India? Can eCommerce help in overcoming this bottleneck?
2015

2. What are the reasons for the poor acceptance of cost-effective small processing units? How

the food processing unit will be helpful to uplift the socio-economic status of poor farmers?

(150 words) 2017

3,

Examine the role of supermarkets in the supply chain management of fruits, vegetables,

and food items. How do they eliminate a number of intermediaries? (150 words) 2018

4. Elaborate on the policy taken by the government of India to meet the challenges of the food

processing Economy sector. (250 words) 2019

5. What are the challenges and opportunities of food processing seetor in the country? How

can income of the farmers be substantially increased by encouraging food processing? (150

words)2020

6. Elaborate the scope and significance of the food processing industry in India. (Answer in

150 words) 2022

7. What are the main bottlenecks in upstream and downstream process of marketing of

agricultural products in India? (Answer in 250 words)2022

17. ISSUES RELATING TO DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES/SERVICES

RELATING TO HEALTH, EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES

1. In order to enhance the prospects of social development, sound and adequate health care

policies are needed particularly in the fields of geriatric and maternal health care. Discuss.

(150 words) 2020

2. National Education Policy 2020 is in conformity with Sustainable Development Goal-4

(2030). It intends to restructure and reorient education system in India. Critically examine

the statement. (250 words) 2020

3.

"Besides being a moral imperative of Welfare State, primary health structure is a necessary

pre-condition for sustainable development." Analyse.2021

4. Do you agree with the view that increasing dependence on donor agencies for development

reduces the importance of community participation in the development process? Justify

your answer. 2022

5. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 remains inadequate in

promoting incentive-based system for children's education without generating awareness

about

the importance of schooling. Analyse. 2022

18. ISSUES RELATED TO SUBSIDIES AND PDS; POVERTY, AND HUNGER

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In what way could the replacement of price subsidy with direct benefit Transfer (DBT)

change the scenario of subsidies in India? Discuss. 2015

Hunger and Poverty are the biggest challenges to good governance in India today. Evaluate

2.

how far successive governments have progressed in dealing with these humongous

problems. Suggest measures for improvement. (150 words) 2017

3. How do subsidies affect the cropping pattern, crop diversity, and economy of farmers?

What is the significance of crop insurance, minimum support price and sod processing for

small and marginal farmers? (250 words) 2017

Dx

What do you mean by Minimum Support Price (MSP)? How will MSP rescue the farmers

from the low income trap? (150 words) 2018

5. There is growing divergence in the relationship between poverty and hunger in India. The

shrinking of social expenditure by the government is forcing the poor to spend more on
non-food essential items squeezing their food budget.- Elucidate. 2019

6. What are the reformative steps taken by the government to make food grain distribution

system more effective? (250 words) 2019

7. "The incidence and intensity of poverty are more important in determining poverty based

on income alone". In this context analyse the latest United Nations Multidimensional

Poverty Index Report. (250 words) 2020

8. The increase in life expectancy in the country has led to newer health challenges in the

community. What are those challenges and what steps need to be taken to meet them?

(Answer in 150 words) 2022

9. What are the direct and indirect subsidies provided to farm sector in India? Discuss the

issues raised by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in relation to agricultural subsidies,

2023

19. MAJOR CROPS AND CROPPING PATTERNS IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE COUNTRY,

DIFFERENT TYPES OF IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, STORAGE, TRANSPORT AND

MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE-ISSUES AND RELATED CONSTRAINTS; E-

TECHNOLOGY IN THE AID OF FARMERS

1.How can the "Digital India' program help farmers to improve farm productivity and

income? What step has the government taken in this regard? 2015

2. What is allelopathy? Discuss its role in major cropping systems of irrigated agriculture

2016
3. What are the major reasons for declining rice and wheat yield in the cropping system? How

crop diversification is helpful to stabilise the yield of the crops in the system? (250 words)

2017

4. How has the emphasis on certain crops brought about changes in cropping patterns in

recent past? Elaborate the emphasis on millets production and consumption. (250 words)

2018

5. How far is the Integrated Farming System (IFS) helpful in sustaining agricultural

production? (150 words) 2019

6. Elaborate on the impact of the National Watershed Project in increasing agricultural

production from water-stressed areas. (150 words) 2019

7. What are the main constraints in transport and marketing of agricultural produce in India?

(150 words) 2020

8. What are the maior factors responsible for making rice-wheat system a success? In spite of

this success how has this system become bane in India? (250 words) 2020
Suggest measures to improve water storage and irrigation system to make its judicious use

9.

under depleting scenario. (250 words) 2020

10. What are the present challenges before crop diversification? How do emerging technologies

provide an opportunity for crop diversification? 2021

11. What is Integrated Farming System? How is it helpful to small and marginal farmers in

India? (Answer in 250 words) 2022

12. How does e-Technology help farmers in production and marketing of agricultural produce?

Explain it. 2023