mow - mythology

muscle [ tmSk ] mus · cle strength

The athletes have strong muscles. brawn

muscular [ tmSkhsQp ] mus · cu · lar

sinewy
My teacher of physical education is a muscular person. thewy Part

muse [ msbl ] muse muse over

1
I need to muse alone. think
dream

mushroom [ tmSXqNm ] mush · room

toadstool
Her new hair cut looks like a mushroom.

Basic
musical [ tmsblah ] mu · si · cal melodious
She got a musical award. tuneful

mustache [ tmSkf@X ] mus · tache beard

I don’t like men with mustache. goatee
Part

mustard [ tmSkfg ] mus · tard

I can’t stand mustard because the favor is too strong. yellow
2
mute [ msbf ] mute
silent
He got a serious fever and became a mute. talkative

Intermediate
mutter [ tmSf ] mut · ter
mumble
Sometimes, I mutter to myself.

mutton [ tmSfz ] mut · ton

meat
I don’t like to eat mutton. Part

mutual [ tmsbfXNQp ]
This is a mutual society.
mu · tu · al reciprocal
independent
3
mysterious [ maktfaqaQk ] mys · te · ri · ous
We still don’t realize the secret of the mysterious Pyramid. secret

mystery [ tmakfQqa ] mys · ter · y

Advanced

puzzle
She likes to read this kind of mystery.

myth [ maZ ] myth

legend
I heard some Greek myth before.

mythology [ matZFpQgYa ] my · thol · o · gy

fairy tale
I have a lesson called “Greek Mythology.”

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nadir [ tnTg ] na · dir low tide

Now, she is in the nadir of her life. zenith

nag [ n@v ] nag nag at

I don’t like my mother’s nagging.
No one likes to talk with a nag. pester

naive [ nFt`j ] na · ive simple

Amy is a naive girl. sophisticated

naked [ tnThag ] na · ked uncovered

The naked mountain is over there. clothed

namely [ tnTmpa ] name · ly that is to say

I knew who ate the apple; namely Mike. that is

nanny [ tn@na ] nan · ny

governess
There is a nanny taking care of the baby.

nap [ n@d ] nap catch one napping

I am very tired so I have to take a nap.
doze

narrate [ n@tqTf ] nar · rate tell

The mother narrates a bed time story to her child. relate
recount

narrative [ tn@qQfaj ] nar · ra · tive yarn

She is good at writing a narrative. tale
story

narrator [ n@tqTf ] nar · ra · tor

speaker
I am the narrator in this drama.

nasty [ tn@kfa ] nas · ty

unpleasant
He is nasty so nobody wants to talk to him. clean

nationalism [ tn@XQnalQm ] na · tion · al · ism

patriotic
More and more countries get nationalism moving.

nationalist [ tn@XQnakf ] na · tion · al · ist

national
patriot
He is a nationalist pioneer.

418
 nadir - necessarily

nationality [ un@XQtn@pQfa ] na · tion · al · i · ty

citizenship
If you want to vote, you must have a nationality. race

nationwide [ tnTXQnurAag ] na · tion · wide Part

The news of the princess giving birth to a boy caused a nationwide furor.
extensive
national
1
native [ tnTfaj ] na · tive
original
He is a native speaker. constitutional
foreign

Basic
The natives here are very passionate and hospitable. exotic

naturalist [ tn@fXQqQpakf ] nat · u · ral · ist

environmentalist
He is a naturalist and loves to inspect the fossils.
Part

naturally [ tn@fXQqQpa ] nat · u · ral · ly plainly

2
Sandra is naturally blonde but she always dyes her hair black. certainly
simply

naval [ tnTj ] na · val marine

I can fulfill my naval officer dream. military

Intermediate
navigate [ tn@jQuvTf ] nav · i · gate sail
Andy knows how to navigate this truck. guide
voyage

navigation [ un@jQtvTXQn ] nav · i · ga · tion

transportation Part
We can use aircraft or navigation to import our products.
3
navy [ tnTja ] na · vy armada, fleet
My father retired from the navy. army

nearby [ tnaqueAa ] near · by

We can go to the nearby restaurant to eat something. surrounding
Advanced

nearsighted [ tnaqtkAafag ] near · sight · ed

If you are still nearsighted, you won’t succeed. farsighted

neat [ n`f ] neat clean

I have a neat room. dirty

necessarily [ tnUkQkUqapa ] nec · es · sar · i · ly

must
He said he necessarily had to leave.

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necessitate [ natkUkQufTf ] ne · ces · si · tate

require
This emergency necessitated me to borrow some money. oblige

necessity [ nQtkUkQfa ] ne · ces · si · ty requirement

Toothbrushes are the necessity in our daily lives. chance

necktie [ tnUhufAa ] neck · tie tie

I decided to give the necktie to him. bowtie

needy [ tn`ga ] need · y poor

She is willing to help those needy people. rich

neglect [ navtpUhf ] ne · glect overlook

I neglected the time when I was shopping. endeavor

negligible [ tnUvpagYQe ] neg · li · gi · ble

scanty
This is not important so it can be negligible.

negotiate [ natvcXauTf ] ne · go · ti · ate

arrange
We can try to negotiate with each other.

negotiation [ nauvcXatTXQn ] ne · go · ti · a · tion

open negotiations

This is not just a negotiation.

negotiator [ natvcXauTf ] ne · go · ti · a · tor

spokesman
I am going to meet another negotiator.

neighborhood [ tnTeuoNg ] neigh · bor · hood in the neighborhood

zone
I want to walk in the neighborhood.
district

neighboring [ tnTeQqaV ] neigh · bor · ing

abutting
Could you tell me where the neighboring restaurant is? surrounding

neon [ tn`uFn ] ne · on
light
There are a lot of neon signs in Taipei.

nerve [ nPj ] nerve

courage
unnerve
The old man has a nerve problem.

net [ nUf ] net

web
The fisherman uses his net to catch the fish.

420
 necessitate - nil

network [ tnUfurPh ] net · work

system
The network is broken now.

neutral [ tnsbfqQp ] neu · tral

Part
impartial
I want to be neutral. 1
nevertheless [ unUj\QtpUk ] nev · er · the · less
Nevertheless, you have to take this responsibility. however

newcomer [ tnsbthSm ] new · com · er

Basic
novice
Angela is a cooking newcomer.

newly [ tnsbpa ] new · ly recently

Newly, I feel happy. currently

Part
newlywed [ tnsbpaurUg ] new · ly · wed
I can feel the happiness of the newlyweds.
groom
bride 2
newscast [ tnsbluh@kf ] news · cast
anchor
My aunt deals with newscast.

newscaster [ tnsbluh@kf ] news · cast · er announcer

Intermediate
The newscaster is very handsome.
reporter

newsreel [ tnsbluq`p ] news · reel

news footage
We can learn something from the newsreel.
Part

nibble [ tnae ] nib · ble

She nibbles the apple.
chew
munch
3
nickel [ tnah ] nick · el
plate
Can you lend me 100 nickels?

nickname [ tnahunTm ] nick · name

sobriquet
Advanced

I have a lot of nicknames.

nightmare [ tnAafumUq ] night · mare

night terrors night
sweats
I had a terrible nightmare last night.

nil [ nap ] nil nothing

Don’t tell me this kind of nil things. zero
naught

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noble [ tnce ] no · ble

noble-minded
She is a girl of noble mind. grand
royal
The nobles at that time possessed most lands. humble

nod [ nFg ] nod nod off

The teacher nodded his agreement. yes
Grandma nodded with tired ness. disagree

nomination [ unFmQtnTXQn ] nom · i · na · tion

How many nominations of camp leader have been nominated so far? designation

nominee [ unFmQtn` ] nom · i · nee

Eva is the Democratic Party nominee for the county magistrate. candidate

none [ nSn ] none none but

None of them knows me. nobody
everyone

nonetheless [ unSn\QtpUk ] none · the · less

I am very tired. Nonetheless, I can finish my work. yet

nonsense [ tnFnkUnk ] non · sense ridiculousness

You are talking nonsense. sense

non-violent [ nFntjAaQpaf ] non · vi · o · lent peaceable

We hope to live in a non-violent environment. pacific
violent

noodle [ tnbg ] noo · dle

pasta
I want to eat noodles tonight.

noon [ nbn ] noon midday

We will arrive at noon. midnight

nor [ nOq ] nor neither

He had not heard about the news, nor had I. or

north [ nOqZ ] north norther

Polar bears live in the north. boreal
south

north-east [ tnOqZt`kf ] north · east

north-west
There is a park at the north-east of the city.

422
 noble - novel

northern [ tnOq ] north · ern

Michigan is one of the northern states of the United States. southern

nose [ ncl ] nose

Part
She doesn’t like her flat nose.
1
neb
snout
They said that Cindy always poked her nose into others’ business.

notable [ tncfQe ] no · ta · ble significant

There was a notable discovery in his newly published paper. well-known
nameless

Basic
notation [ nctfTXQn ] no · ta · tion
As a beginner, David should learn the system of notation first. mark

noted [ tncfag ] no · ted famous

The author of this book is a noted authority on biology. renowned Part
unknown
2
noticeable [ tncfakQe ] no · tice · a · ble visible
There is a noticeable difference between the twin brothers. unnoticeable

notify [ tncfQuiAa ] no · ti · fy
I will notify you of the arrival of your report. inform

Intermediate
report
Jay’s wedding pictures were notified on the website. advise

notion [ tncXQn ] no · tion

The woman has a strange notion that somebody will kill her. idea Part

3
notorious [ nctfcqaQk ] no · to · ri · ous infamous
She is notorious for her dishonesty. famous

notwithstanding [ tnFfraZtkf@ngaV ] not · with · stand · ing

nevertheless
Notwithstanding bad weather, the Smith family went out camping. despite
Advanced

nourish [ tnPaX ] nour · ish

nurture
She considered it her mission to nourish stray dogs. nurse

novel [ tnFj ] nov · el new

What is your favorite novel? fresh
old

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novelist [ tnFjpakf ] nov · el · ist

author
He is an important novelist in the history of American literature. composer

novelty [ tnFjfa ] nov · el · ty

newness
They enjoy the novelty of living in the countryside. aged

novice [ tnFjak ] nov · ice beginner

Jack is a novice at driving. freshman

now [ nAN ] now now that

Now it is the best time for skiing. immediately
Now you are here, you can explain it to her. then

nowhere [ tncuorUq ] no · where

nowhere near
Money goes nowhere here.

nuclear [ tnsbhpa ] nu · cle · ar nuclear family

The nuclear age has begun since then.

nucleus [ tnsbhpaQk ] nu · cle · us

The transplanting of chromosomes in cell nucleus is possible in this time. core
kernel
This four-member team is the nucleus of the project.

nude [ nsbg ] nude naked

He is staring at a statue of a nude body. bare
clothed

nuisance [ tnsbkzk ] nu · isance nuisance call

Noise is really a nuisance. annoyance
pest

number [ tnSme ] num · ber number among

The number of population goes on increasing.
quantity
Can you help to number the pages?
amount

numerous [ tnsbmQqQk ] nu · mer · ous abundant

Judy saw numerous travelers on the beach. few

nun [ nSn ] nun sister

There are many nuns living in that building. monk

nursery [ tnPkQqa ] nurs · er · y nursery school

Mr. and Mrs. Baker have two nurseries in their new house.
greenhouse

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 novelist - obedient

nursing [ tnPkqaV ] nurs · ing

I suggest finding a nursing professional to take care of grandmother. care

nurture [ tnPfX ] nur · ture raise

foster Part
Nurturing children is really a challenge.

nut [ nSf ] nut nutlet

1
May likes all kinds of nut. devotee
Joe is a basketball nut. enthusiast

nutrient [ tnsbfqaQnf ] nu · tri · ent

You have to eat various kinds of food to get the nutrients you need. vitamin

Basic
nutrition [ nsbtfqaXQn ] nu · tri · tion
The soup looks not so tasty, but contains a lot of nutrition. nourishment

nutritious [ nsbtfqaXQk ] nu · tri · tious constitutional

Part

Potato chips and cokes are not nutritious. hearty

2
nylon [ tnAapFn ] ny · lon
nylons
This jacket is made of nylon; it is waterproof.

Oo oar - ozone

Intermediate
02-129

oar [ cq ] oar
To make the boat go faster, you have to bend to the oar. paddle

Part
oasis [ ctTkak ] o · a · sis
Their coming was the oasis in the desert for Frank. island 3
oath [ cZ ] oath
If you take an oath, you have to be responsible for it. promise

oatmeal [ tcfum`p ] oat · meal

Advanced

Oatmeal adding milk is Jerry’s favorite breakfast. cereal

obedience [ Qte`gsQnk ] o · be · di · ence

Little children should be taught to act in obedience to their parents. compliance

obedient [ Qte`gsQnf ] o · be · di · ent compliant

Rick is an obedient child. haughty

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obey [ QteT ] o · bey comply

Why didn’t you obey the order? disobey

object [ tFegYahf ] ob · ject

object code
The object of this research is to see children’s leaning motivation. thing

objection [ QetgYUhXQn ] o · bjec · tion

complaint
Mr. and Mrs. Leason have no objection to Mary’s decision. approval

objective [ QetgYUhfaj ] ob · jec · tive

purpose
subjective
This is an objective newspaper.

obligation [ uFepQtvTXQn ] ob · li · ga · tion

We should fulfill the moral obligation to stop them from abusing animals. duty

obligatory [ QtepavQufcqa ] o · blig · a · to · ry

Helping with the household chores is obligatory upon each member of the necessary
family.

oblige [ QtepAagY ] o · blige require

They were obliged to move to another place. free

oblong [ tFepcV ] ob · long

square
She lives in a small oblong room.

obscene [ Qetk`n ] ob · scene dirty

Let’s stop him from saying obscene words. decent

obscure [ QetkhsNq ] ob · scure

Turn on the light because it is obscure now. unclear
visible
She was still an obscure composer at that time.

observe [ QetlPj ] ob · serve

examine
I observed the behavior of bees and found it amazing. violate

observation [ uFelPtjTXQn ] ob · ser · va · tion observation post

My little brother is really a man of observation.
detection

observer [ QetlPj ] ob · serv · er

He is one of the observers to work with the teachers. spectator

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 obey - octopus

obsess [ QetkUk ] ob · sess

haunt
Helen was obsessed with the pianist.

obsession [ QetkUXQn ] ob · ses · sion

He began to have an obsession with the new online game. craze
Part

obstacle [ tFekfQh ] ob · sta · cle

1
barrier
The fear of water is an obstacle for Cathy to learn swimming. help

obstinate [ tFekfQnaf ] ob · sti · nate

stubborn
She was diagnosed to have a kind of obstinate disease. docile

Basic
obtain [ QetfTn ] ob · tain
acquire
Lora won the beauty contest and obtained a crown. give

obvious [ tFejaQk ] ob · vi · ous apparent Part

It is obvious they don’t like the new place. obscure

2
occasion [ QthTYQn ] oc · ca · sion
She took the occasion to apologize for her attitude. chance

occupy [ tFhsQudAa ] oc · cu · py
The army occupied the capital over the last few days.

Intermediate
capture
She has ambition to occupy a high position in this company.

occur [ QthP ] oc · cur

happen Part
A flood had never occurred here.

occurrence [ QthPQnk ] oc · cur · rence 3

It was an unexpected occurrence in Lucy’s life. happening

ocean [ tcXQn ] o · cean

They have been to many countries because of working on the ocean.
sea
Advanced

Every day he looks like having an ocean of appointments.

October [ Fhtfce ] Oc · to · ber

November
They were married in October.

octopus [ tFhfQdQk ] oc · to · pus

squid
How do you measure the octopus’ IQ?

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odd [ Fg ] odd
She dressed a little bit odd, but she was very nice. odd jobs
unusual
Can you count the odd numbers? common

odds [ Fgk ] odds

possibility
It looks like odds are not for us.

odor [ tcg ] o · dor

smell
He is not in good odor with his students.

of [ Fj ] of
of a kind
The chair is made of iron.

off [ Oi ] off
The athletes went off from the hotel and headed to the airport. off center
off and on
He is off drinking coffee now.

offend [ QtiUng ] of · fend displease

You can ask her if you offended her. appease

offense [ QtiUnk ] of · fense

violation
Sophie committed an offense against good manners. defense

offensive [ QtiUnkaj ] of · fen · sive offensive troop

They are told not to take the offensive now.
noisome
inoffensive

offer [ tOi ] of · fer

She offered me a cup of coffee. offer for sale
try
The salesman offered Demi $500 for this cell-phone. receive

offering [ tOiQqaV ] of · fer · ing

Offerings from followers are very small nowadays. donation

office [ tOiak ] of · fice office boy

The company will move to the new office next month.
workplace

officer [ tOiQk ] of · fi · cer

captain
A car accident happened, and two police officers arrived here quickly. soldier

428
 odd - opener

official [ QtiaXQp ] of · fi · cial

administrator
This government official refuses to comment on the mayor’s scandal. unofficial

offset [ tOiukUf ] off · set

offset printing Part
Prices of bread have risen in order to offset the increased cost of flour.
1
balance

offshore [ tOitXcq ] off · shore offshore fishing

This is an offshore island.
inshore

offspring [ tOiukdqaV ] off · spring

May believes that her offspring will be intelligent and diligent. descendant

Basic
old-fashioned [ tcpgti@XQng ] old · fash · ioned
outdated
My father is old-fashioned about marriage. new-fashioned

Part
olive [ tFpaj ] ol · ive
Olive oil is healthy.
olive branch
2
Olympic [ ctpamdah ] O · lym · pic
Which city is going to hold the next Olympic Games? Olympic Flame

oneself [ rSntkUpi ] one · self

Intermediate
ego
It is lonely to live by oneself.

one-sided [ trSntkAagag ] one · sid · ed

partial
just Part
I want to believe you, but it is only a one-sided view.
3
on-going [ tFnuvcaV ] on · going
Life keeps on-going no matter what happens. continuous

onion [ tSnsQn ] on · ion

onions
I think onion goes with fried egg.
Advanced

onto [ tFnfb ] on · to
above
The boys climbed onto his shoulder.

opaque [ ctdTh ] o · paque dark

The lyrics of the song are quite opaque. transparent

opener [ tcdQn ] o · pen · er

key
There is a can opener; you can use it.

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opening [ tcdQnaV ] o · pen · ing

opening night
The opening ceremony of the competition is wonderful. start

openly [ tcdQnpa ] o · pen · ly

How can you talk about others’ secret openly? frankly

opera [ tcdQqQ ] o · pe · ra opera house

She is a singer of many operas.

operational [ uFdQtqTXQn ] op · er · a · tion · al

operational research
Please call us if you have any operational problems.

operative [ tFdQqQfaj ] op · er · a · tive

effectual
The factory is operative now after a long break. inoperative

operator [ tFdQuqTf ] op · er · a · tor

worker
Tell the operator who you want to talk to.

opinion [ QtdansQn ] o · pin · ion opinion poll

We allow different opinions in our team. thought

oppose [ Qtdcl ] op · pose counteract

Tell us why you are opposed to this idea. approve

opposed [ Qtdclg ] op · posed

counteract
They are opposed to the development of casino industry in this town. agree

opposite [ tFdQlaf ] op · po · site opposite sex

Her view point is the opposite of the others’. facing
same

opposition [ uFdQtlaXQn ] op · po · si · tion disagreement

They held a parade in opposition to the war. assistance

oppress [ QtdqUk ] op · press

repress
She felt oppressed by the finance difficulty. relieve

oppression [ QtdqUXQn ] op · pres · sion

persecution
Her homework is a big oppression to her.

opt [ Fdf ] opt

Many students opted for Professor Spencer’s class. cull

430
 opening - organic

optical [ tFdfah ] op · ti · cal optical art

What you saw was an optical illusion. visual

optimism [ tFdfQmalQm ] op · ti · mism joy

I am really surprised at her optimism. pessimism
Part

optimistic [ uFdfQtmakfah ]
Be optimistic; tomorrow is always a new day.
op · ti · mis · tic
cheerful 1
despairing

optimum [ tFdfQmQm ] op · ti · mum

The optimum condition for the plant is inside the house. glory

Basic
option [ tFdXQn ] op · tion
selection
You have your option of leaving or not.

optional [ tFdXQn ] op · tion · al

must
This test is an optional event. Part

oral [ tcqQp ] o · ral

He still has orals tomorrow.
oral history
spoken
2
written

orchard [ tOqfXg ] or · chard

It is her dream to own an orchard after retirement. grove

Intermediate
orchestra [ tOqhakfqQ ] or · ches · tra
band
He will play the oboe in the orchestra.

ordeal [ Oqtg`Qp ] or · deal

The ordeal of breaking down didn’t wear his will. experience
Part

order [ tOqg ] or · der

3
They haven’t received any order for the books this year. command
chaos
Her father ordered her to go home directly.

ordinary [ tOqgzuUqa ] or · di · nar · y usual

Advanced

He looks like an ordinary person. unusual

organ [ tOqvQn ] or · gan organ-loft

Skin is the largest organ of the body.
part

organic [ Oqtv@nah ] or · gan · ic systematic

She majors in organic chemistry. inorganic

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organism [ tOqvQnualQm ] or · gan · ism

being
There are a lot of organisms in the mud.

organization [ uOqvQnQtlTXQn ] or · gan · i · za · tion

institution
This is a non-governmental organization.

Oriental [ ucqatUnf ] o · ri · en · tal

Living in the western country, he still keeps a lot of the Oriental tradition eastern
in his family. Occidental

orientation [ ucqaUntfTXQn ] o · ri · en · ta · tion

This newly-established music school has an orientation towards practical direction

skills.

oriented [ tcqaQnfag ] o · ri · en · ted

be oriented toward
This association is oriented towards abused children’s welfare.

original [ QtqagYQn ] o · ri · gi · nal

Your idea is very original. primary

copy
The original of this creature has not been figured out yet.

originality [ QuqagYQtn@pQfa ] o · ri · gi · na · lity

novelty
I admire that his work is always full of originality. old

originally [ QtqagYQnpa ] o · ri · gi · nally

The dinner that my sister-in-law prepared was originally meant for five. formerly

originate [ QtqagYQunTf ] o · ri · gi · nate

commence
This music originated with a cradlesong that my mother sang to me. end

orphanage [ tOqiQnagY ] or · phan · age

A Taiwanese established an orphanage in this country. orphanhood

orthodox [ tOqZQugFhk ] or · tho · dox

usual
Betty is so happy to marry an orthodox young man. heretical

ostrich [ tFkfqafX ] os · trich

ostriches
Have you ever tried the ostrich’s egg?

432
 organism - outfit

other [ tS\ ] oth · er

other than
Jimmy, among other sports, likes tennis very much. additional

otherwise [ tS\urAal ] oth · er · wise or otherwise

Part
Generally, this movie is boring but otherwise the actors play very well.
or else
1
ought [ Of ] ought
You ought to observe this person before you judge him. should

ounce [ ANnk ] ounce =1/16 =1/12

I can’t tell the difference between the ounce and the pound. ounces

Basic
ourselves [ uANqtkUpjl ] our · selves
We are planning to buy ourselves a bigger house to celebrate our 20th between ourselves
anniversary.
Part

oust [ ANkf ] oust

remove
2
This king was ousted by his people.

out [ ANf ] out out and about

The computer is installed in the out room.
I saw the boat sail out the river. in

Intermediate
outbreak [ tANfueqTh ] out · break
The scientist was not sure about the reason of the outbreak of the volcano. eruption

outcome [ tANfuhSm ] out · come

result
She was not happy with the outcome of her business during this year. Part
cause
3
outdo [ uANftgb ] out · do
After some hard-working, John finally outdid her in piano. surpass

outdoor [ tANfugcq ] out · door alfresco

Harry doesn’t like outdoor sports. indoor
Advanced

outdoors [ tANftgcql ] out · doors outside

Tandy played outdoors until it became dark. indoors

outer [ tANf ] out · er

external
Stories about outer space always attract children. inner

outfit [ tANfuiaf ] out · fit

Peter bought a new photographing outfit after he gained his first salary. equip

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outing [ tANfaV ] out · ing

trip
Our family went for an outing last Sunday.

outlaw [ tANfupO ] out · law

To confess your crime is better than being an outlaw. criminal

outlet [ tANfupUf ] out · let

exit
The outlet of the building lacks of an obvious sign. inlet

outnumber [ ANftnSme ] out · num · ber

The audience of the host country outnumbered the others. exceed

output [ tANfudNf ] out · put

The output of this country is increasing by year. production

outright [ tANftqAaf ] out · right

entirely
He is an absolutely outright ruler.

outset [ tANfukUf ] out · set start

They were good friends at the outset. conclusion

outside [ tANftkAag ] out · side

exterior
Outside the classroom, there are students playing basketball. inside

outsider [ tANftkAag ] out · sid · er stranger

Billy is an outsider of the gang. insider

outskirts [ tANfukhPf ] out · skirts

suburbs
They had a large farm on the outskirts of the city. urban

outstanding [ tANftkf@ngaV ] out · stand · ing

great
commonplace
Michael is an outstanding director.

outward [ tANfrg ] out · ward surface

The window can be opened outward. inward

oval [ tcj ] o · val

circle
It is an oval common room.

oven [ tSjQn ] ov · en like an oven

They bake bread and cake in an oven. stove

434
 outing - overseas

over [ tcj ] o · ver

She is in the coffee shop over the shoe store. over against
under
Walk over to the other side of the road and you will see me. Part

overall [ tcjuOp ] o · ver · all entire

1
Who is that man in the white overalls? total

overcoat [ tcjuhcf ] o · ver · coat

topcoat
It is the best overcoat of hers.

overcome [ ucjthSm ] o · ver · come

Basic
conquer
It is not easy to overcome the fear. submit

overdo [ ucjtgb ] o · ver · do exaggerate

You don’t have to overdo the cleaning. appropriate
Part
overeat [ tcjt`f ] o · ver · eat
Be careful not to overeat during Thanksgiving.
surfeit
2
overflow [ ucjtipc ] o · ver · flow
The river is overflowing because of the rains.
spill
Can you come out of a way to stop the overflow?

Intermediate
overhead [ tcjtoUg ] o · ver · head
high
We saw an eagle circling overhead.

overhear [ ucjtoaq ] o · ver · hear Part

3
Tony overheard Mark’s secret by accident. hear

overlap [ tcjtp@d ] o · ver · lap

You can easily find the overlap of the two parts. overlie

overnight [ tcjtnAaf ] o · ver · night

all-night-long
Advanced

It is an overnight party.

overpass [ ucjtd@k ] o · ver · pass

Go along the road and you will see an overpass ahead of you. bridge

overseas [ tcjtk`l ] o · ver · seas

abroad
domestic
She is collecting the overseas pictures.

435
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oversee [ tcjtk` ] o · ver · see

supervise
He was overseen playing online games.

overt [ ctjPf ] overt patent

He has overt admiration for Josephine. covert

overturn [ ucjtfPn ] o · ver · turn

spill
Be careful, not to overturn the milk.

over-weight [ tcjurTf ] o · ver-we · ight fleshy

Your letter is five grams over-weight. underweight

overwhelm [ ucjtorUpm ] o · ver · whelm

crush
The city was overwhelmed by the enemy.

overwhelming [ ucjtorUpmaV ] o · ver · whelm · ing

demonstrative

Their excellent performance is overwhelming.

overwork [ tcjtrPh ] o · ver · work

exhaust
Tell the boss you suffer from overwork.

owe [ c ] owe be indebted

How can you owe so much money? pay

owl [ ANp ] owl

night owl
Many children are afraid of owls.

own [ cn ] own have

Do the jobs with your own hands. disown

owner [ tcn ] owner

proprietor
Who is the owner of this dog?

ownership [ tcnuXad ] ow · ner · ship

possession
Mr. Stewart has the ownership of that island.

ox [ Fhk ] ox bullock
Grandpa still keeps an ox for prowling. cow

ozone [ tclcn ] ozone

air
We are losing our ozone layer.

436
 oversee - palm

Pp pace - pyramid 02-136

pace [ dTk ] pace

step
The girl quickened her pace when the dog chased behind her. walk
Part

Pacific [ dQtkaiah ] pa · cif · ic

Pacific Ocean
1
There is an ocean called Pacific Ocean.

packaging [ td@hagYaV ] pack · ag · ing

Sandra enjoys this packaging work very much. wrap

Basic
packed [ d@hf ] pack · ed
The department store was always packed on weekends. crowded

packet [ td@haf ] pack · et package

My sister ate a packet of candy today. pack Part

packing [ td@haV ] pack · ing

filling
2
Mike has finished his packing.

pact [ d@hf ] pact

treaty
This pact is about our new house.

pad [ d@g ] pad

Intermediate
cushion
My table needs a pad to keep balance.

paddle [ td@g ] pad · dle

oar
We used our own paddle when we were practicing table tennis. scull

Part
pagan [ tdTvQn ] pa · gan
They will do terrible things to a pagan.
heathen 3
paid [ dTg ] paid salaried
Is it a paid job or not? unpaid

pail [ dTp ] pail

bucket
The pail contains a little water.
Advanced

pal [ d@p ] pal

fellow
Jimmy is his only pal.

palace [ td@pak ] pal · ace castle

She was a princess escaping from the palace. court

palm [ dFm ] palm

fist
Put your turtle on your palm, please, I want to see it. hand

437
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pamphlet [ td@mipaf ] pam · phlet

booklet
There are pamphlets introducing the national park. brochure

pancake [ td@nuhTh ] pan · cake

waffle
They often eat pancakes for breakfast.

pane [ dTn ] pane

window
Who broke the pane with this baseball?

panel [ td@n ] pan · el

There is something wrong with my panel because it doesn’t light. shield

panic [ td@nah ] pan · ic scare

Don’t panic; call the police now. terror

papa [ tdFdQ ] pa · pa father

Can I go with you, Papa? daddy

paperback [ tdTdue@h ] pa · per · back

paperbound
We also have paperbacks of this book.

parachute [ td@qQuXbf ] par · a · chute

parachutes
I will demonstrate how to use the parachute.

parade [ dQtqTg ] pa · rade show

The Halloween parade was canceled this year. march

paradise [ td@qQugAak ] par · a · dise heaven

This is a paradise for little children. hell

paradox [ td@qQugFhk ] par · a · dox

contradict
Don’t you see the paradox of his characters?

paragraph [ td@qQuvq@i ] par · a · graph

Pay attention to paragraph one; which sentence is the thesis statement? section

parallel [ td@qQupUp ] par · al · lel

similar
vertical
These are parallel phenomena.

paralyze [ td@qQupAal ] par · a · lyze

She felt her legs paralyzed after the competition. numb

parameter [ dQtq@mQf ] pa · ram · e · ter

rule
The parameter is pinned on the bulletin board.

438
 pamphlet - particularly

parcel [ tdFqk ] par · cel package

Somebody sent you a parcel. pack
packet

parish [ td@qaX ] par · ish parished

Part
This is the biggest church in this parish. district

parking [ tdFqhaV ] park · ing

1
stop
This is a free parking lot.

parliament [ tdFqpQmQnf ] par · lia · ment

congress
The parliament was going through a big change.

parliamentary [ udFqpQtmUnfQqa ] par · lia · men · ta · ry

Basic
parliamentary cabinet
The parliamentary violence should be stopped. system

parlor [ tdFqp ] po · lar

Please have a seat in the parlor for a while; the dinner will be ready at living room Part
any moment.
2
parsley [ tdFqkpa ] pars · ley
celery
Add some parsley to color it.

partial [ tdFqXQp ] par · tial

Their grandfather is partial to the smallest girl. impartial

Intermediate
partially [ tdFqXQpa ] par · tial · ly partly
She remembered the lyrics of the song partially. impartially

participant [ dFqtfakQdQnf ] par · tic · i · pant participator

Part
I was one of the participants in that contest. member

participate [ dFqtfakQudTf ] par · tic · i · pate

3
take part in
They both participated in the camp.

participation [ dFqufakQtdTXQn ] par · ti · ci · pa · tion

Class participation counts for 30 percent of your final grade. share
Advanced

participle [ tdFqfQkQd ] par · ti · ci · ple

participles
The past participle of “drink” is “drunk”. drink drunk

particle [ tdFqfah ] par · ti · cle

atom
There are particles drifting in the air.

particularly [ dtfahsQppa ] par · tic · u · lar · ly especially

Mary loves roses particularly. specially
generally

439
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partition [ dFqtfaXQn ] par · ti · tion

divide
The partition door can keep you from the noise outside. separate

partly [ tdFqfpa ] part · ly

partially
I went with Grace partly because of curiosity. entirely

partnership [ tdFqfnuXad ] part · ner · ship

association
There is a partnership between the two universities.

part-time [ tdFqftfAam ] part · time

full-time
She is a part-time student in the university.

passage [ td@kagY ] pas · sage pass

This is the passage to the front door. ticket

passing [ td@kaV ] pass · ing death

Don’t talk about her passing time later. deceased

passion [ td@XQn ] pas · sion

coolness
Tim has a passion for guitar.

passionate [ td@XQnaf ] pas · sion · ate

dispassionate
Mr. Brown is a passionate researcher.

passive [ td@kaj ] pas · sive

You have to change your passive attitude to your duty. active

passport [ td@kudcqf ] pass · port

visa
May I see your passport, please?

password [ td@kurPg ] pass · word

code
They have the new password now.

pastime [ td@kufAam ] pas · time

entertainment
What is your favorite pastime?

pastry [ tdTkfqa ] pas · try

dessert
Mother bought some pastry home last night.

pasture [ td@kfX ] pas · ture

He put the cattle to the pasture and began to work. grassland

pat [ d@f ] pat

There is a pat for your bread. tap
I patted the cat on her back.

440
 partition - peacekeeping

patch [ d@fX ] patch

There are many patches on his old jacket. spot
repair
I helped her patch the wound of her little brother.
Part
patent [ td@fzf ] pat · ent
The company owns the patent of this product.
copyright 1
pathetic [ dQtZUfah ] pa · thet · ic
pitiful
He is not a pathetic old man.

patience [ tdTXQnk ] pa · tience

impatience

Basic
He is a successful doctor because of his patience.

patriot [ tdTfqaQf ] pa · tri · ot

traitor
He was an incredible patriot.
Part
patriotic [ udTfqatFfah ] pa · tri · o · tic
This is a famous patriotic song.
loyal
2
patrol [ dQtfqcp ] pa · trol
tour
The patrol is searching for the escaped criminal.

patron [ tdTfqQn ] pa · tron

customer
I am the patron of this restaurant.

Intermediate
patronage [ td@fqQnagY ] pa · tron · age
The exhibition got the patronage from many international companies. sponsorship

pave [ dTj ] pave

paved; paved; paving Part
The sidewalk is paved with marble flagstone.

pavement [ tdTjmQnf ] pave · ment

3
sidewalk
Brad almost fell on the icy pavement.

paw [ dO ] paw
palm
Take your dirty paws off my drink.

payment [ tdTmQnf ]
Advanced

pay · ment
rent
Joyce failed to meet payments on her rent.

PDA personal digital

A lot of people have a PDA. assistant

pea [ d` ] pea
bean
Do you want to grow some peas?

peacekeeping [ td`kuh`daV ] peace · keep · ing

I hope everyone can join this peacekeeping operation. peaceful

441
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peacock [ td`hFh ] pea · cock

After getting the reward, Jimmy is as proud as a peacock. peahen

peak [ d`h ] peak

Claire is at the peak of her career. foot
All athletes are in peak condition for the approaching competition. bottom

peanut [ td`unSf ] pea · nut

nut
I prefer to eat salted peanuts.

pearl [ dPp ] pearl

jewelry
Jane is wearing a necklace of pearl.

peasant [ tdUlzf ] peas · ant

redneck
I don’t like people calling someone peasant.

pebble [ tdUe ] peb · ble stone

There are many pebbles beside the river. rock

peck [ dUh ] peck

peck at
This big bird has a huge peck.

peculiar [ dathsbps ] pe · cu · liar strange

He wears a peculiar hat. odd
usual

pedal [ tdUg ] ped · al

I want to have my own pedal. step

peddle [ tdUg ] ped · dle

promote
I like to peddle around my products.

peddler [ tdUgp ] ped · dl · er

drug dealer
He is a peddler.

pedestrian [ dQtgUkfqaQn ] pe · des · tri · an

passerby
Watch out for the pedertrian!

peek [ d`h ] peek

peep
I took a quick peek into the house.

peel [ d`p ] peel

get rid of
This peel should be thrown to the garbage.

peep [ d`d ] peep

sneak
Mary took a peep at my face.

442
 peacock - percentage

peer [ daq ] peer

My relationship with my parents is just like with my peers. superior

peg [ dUv ] peg nail

Part
You can use the peg over there. hammer

penalty [ tdUnfa ] pen · al · ty

1
If you do something bad, you should have a penalty. punishment

pending [ tdUngaV ] pend · ing

There is lots of pending work waiting for us to finish. waiting

Basic
pendulum [ tdUngYQpQm ] pen · du · lum
swing
This pendulum is old.

penetrate [ tdUnQufqTf ] pen · e · trate

go-through Part
I can penetrate in the new environment.

penguin [ tdUnvran ] pen · guin

2
penguins
I love penguins.

peninsula [ dQtnankQpQ ] pen · in · su · la island

I want to live in Italy peninsula. mainland

penny [ tdUna ]

Intermediate
pen · ny
cent
This product cost three pennies.

pension [ tdUnXQn ] pen · sion

allowance
He will have a pension when he gets old.
Part
pensioner [ tdUnXQn ] pen · sion · er
He is a pensioner.
veteran
3
per [ d ] per
The shop is on sale and it is fifty dollars per book. as per sth

perceive [ dtk`j ] per · ceive

realize
Advanced

When Amy perceived there was a man behind her, she cried loudly. comprehend

percent [ dtkUnf ] per · cent

What percent of water do you think it would have? percentage

percentage [ dtkUnfagY ] per · cent · age

percent
I want a 50 percentage of the benefit.

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perception [ dtkUdXQn ] per · cep · tion

Some women have a sensitive perception about their men. sense

perch [ dPfX ] perch

Some perches of bird are destroyed by humans. sit

perennial [ dQtqUnaQp ] per · en · ni · al

There are many pictures of perennial in our text book. annual
short-term
This perennial problem hasn’t been solved.

perfection [ dtiUhXQn ] per · fec · tion

imperfection
His perfection makes him successful.

perfectly [ tdPiahfpa ] per · fect · ly utterly

I was perfectly touched by him. completely

perform [ dtiOqm ] per · form act

He performed well when doing his job. execute

performance [ dtiOqmQnk ] per · for · mance act

Every student really did a good performance. execution

performer [ dtiOqm ] performer

actor
My mother is the performer of this play.

perfume [ tdPisbm ] per · fume

Women like to use perfume to make themselves more beautiful. cologne

peril [ tdUqQp ] per · il

Drug abuse can cause peril of health problems. safety

periodic [ udaqatFgah ] pe · ri · od · ic
recurrent
The scientists can measure the periodic motion of a planet. cyclic

periodical [ udaqatFgah ] pe · ri · od · i · cal

magazine
Here are some periodicals on my table.

perish [ tdUqaX ] per · ish perish the thought

He perished in the earthquake.

permanent [ tdPmQnQnf ] per · ma · nent

I hope it won’t cause permanent damage to her skin.
impermanent
To have permanent is popular nowadays.
444
 perception - persuade

permeate [ tdPmauTf ] per · me · ate

permeated; permeated;
My sisters’ good demonstration permeated me a lot. permeating

permissible [ dtmakQe ] per · mis · si · ble

allowable Part
It is permissible that everyone can get a ticket for free today. admissible
1
permission [ dtmaXQn ] per · mis · sion
permit
My mom gave me permission to go to bed late on holiday. approval

permit [ dtmaf ] per · mit

Our teacher permitted us to have a break time. prohibit

Basic
perpetual [ dtdUfXNQp ] per · pet · u · al everlasting
The perpetual noise drove me crazy. eternal

perplex [ dtdpUhk ] per · plex Part

2
confuse
I was perplexed by that man’s question.

perseverance [ udPkQtjaqQnk ] per · se · ver · ance

I believe I have perseverance to finish this job. patience

persevere [ udPkQtjaq ] per · se · vere

Though her fingers were injured, she persevered with her piano practice. persistence

Intermediate
persist [ dtkakf ] per · sist
I persist that our relationship will last forever. desist

Part
persistence [ dtkakfQnk ] per · sist · ence
Because of her persistence, we can succeed.
patience
diligence 3
persistent [ dtkakfQnf ] per · sist · ent patient
He is a persistent man. devoted

personality [ udPkzt@pQfa ] per · son · al · i · ty

characteristic
I think he has a good personality.
Advanced

personnel [ udPkztUp ] per · son · nel

The entire personnel in my office is the best. staff

perspective [ dtkdUhfaj ] per · spec · tive prospect

Women always have a good sense of perspective. vista
outlook

persuade [ dtkrTg ] per · suade

My boyfriend persuaded me to see the movie with him. convince

445
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persuasion [ dtkrTYQn ] per · sua · sion

The persuasion that he gave me was unbelievable. inducement

persuasive [ dtkrTkaj ] per · sua · sive convincing

This man is persuasive. demonstrative

pertain [ dtfTn ] per · tain

This kind of thinking is old and can’t pertain nowadays. suit

pessimism [ tdUkQmalQm ] pes · si · mism

optimism
I don’t like a man with too much pessimism.

pessimistic [ udUkQtmakfah ] pes · si · mis · tic

optimistic
The girl is pessimistic.

pest [ dUkf ] pest

insect
I hate pests.

pesticide [ tdUkfaukAag ] pes · ti · cide

insecticide
You should use the pesticide to kill the pest.

petal [ tdUf ] pet · al

petaled
I love petals.

petition [ dQtfaXQn ] pe · ti · tion

People give the petition to the government to protest. request

petrol [ tdUfqQp ] pet · rol

gas
Here is a petrol station.

petroleum [ dQtfqcpaQm ] pe · tro · le · um

That country is famous for being rich with petroleum. gas

petty [ tdUfa ] pet · ty

superior
He is such a petty person.

pharmaceutical [ uiFqmQtksbfah ] phar · ma · ceu · ti · cal

medicine
This factory is a pharmaceutical organization.

pharmacist [ tiFqmQkakf ] phar · ma · cist

druggist
He is a pharmacist.

pharmacology [ uiFqmQthFpQgYa ] phar · ma · col · o · gy

pharmacologies
The pharmacology is interesting.

446
 persuasion - physiology

pharmacy [ tiFqmQka ] phar · ma · cy

drug store
Do you know where the pharmacy is?

phase [ iTl ] phase

level
This phase of my college life is very important. Part

phenomenon [ iQtnFmQunFn ] phe · nom · e · non

occurrence
1
Everyone thinks the red sky is a weird phenomenon. event

philosopher [ iQtpFkQi ] phi · los · o · pher

intellectual
I want to be a philosopher in the future.

Basic
philosophical [ uiapQtkFiah ] phil · o · soph · i · cal
reasonable
He wants to have a philosophical job.

philosophy [ iQtpFkQia ] phi · los · o · phy

dialectic Part
Handsome majors in philosophy.

photographic [ uicfQtvq@iah ] pho · to · gra · phic

2
photo graphic memory
Do you know where the photographic show is?

photography [ iQtfFvqQia ] pho · tog · ra · phy

My father regards photography as the top important thing in his life. photographer

Intermediate
phrase [ iqTl ] phrase
expression
I can teach you some phrases. idiom

Part
physical [ tialah ] phys · i · cal
He has some physical problems.
body
3
physician [ iatlaXQn ] phy · si · cian
You can see a physician and have a check if you don’t feel well. doctor, medico

physicist [ tialakakf ] phys · i · cist

physicists
Advanced

My brother wants to be a nuclear physicist.

physiological [ uialaQtpFgYah ] phys · i · o · lo · gi · cal

physiologically
I can’t understand the physiological lessons.

physiology [ uialatFpQgYa ] phys · i · ol · o · gy

physiologies
My sister majors in physiology.

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pianist [ dat@nakf ] pi · an · ist

pianists
My mom is a jazz pianist.

pickle [ tdah ] pick · le

I like the pickle in the bread. preserve
My mother is good at pickling.

pickpocket [ tdahudFhaf ] pick · pock · et

The pickpocket was caught by the police. thief

pickup [ tdahuSd ] pick · up

truck
Everything will pickup.

picturesque [ udahfXQtqUkh ] pic · tur · esque

colorful
This painting is picturesque.

pier [ daq ] pier dock

I will wait here on this pier tonight. deck

pierce [ daqk ] pierce penetrate

The light pierces the glass. perforate

piercing [ tdaqkaV ] pierc · ing penetrating

My mom has a piercing look. keen

piety [ tdAaQfa ] pi · e · ty
religious
Jack is a man with peity.

pilgrim [ tdapvqam ] pil · grim

There are many pilgrims gathering in front of the church. palmer

pill [ dap ] pill

You should take three pills when you finish your breakfast. tablet

pillar [ tdap ] pil · lar

column
This house has five pillars.

pilot [ tdAapQf ] pi · lot guide

He wants to be a pilot. aviator

pimple [ tdamd ] pim · ple

It is common that teenagers have pimples on their faces. swelling

448