KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

NABARANGPUR
IN SITU AND EX SITU
CONSERVATION OF ORGANISMS

A Biology Investigatory Project

Name: Bibek Bhushan Nayak

Class: XII
Roll. No. 1221
Subject: Biology
Submitted to: Ms. Ankita Jena
Date: / / 2024
 Contents

I. Certificate
II. Acknowledgement
III. Introduction
IV. Conservation of Biodiversity
V. In Situ Conservation
(i) Biodiversity Hotspots
(ii) Protected Areas
VI. Ex Situ Conservation
(i) Protection of Threatened Species
(ii) Protection of Gametes
VII. Comparison
VIII. Conclusion
IX. Bibliography
 Certificate
The project entitled “IN-SITU AND EX-SITU
CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY”, is an
investigatory project work in Biology, successfully
completed by Bibek Bhushan Nayak, Class XII,
Kendriya Vidyalaya Nabarangpur, with Roll. No. 1221
under the supervision of Miss Ankita Jena (PGT
Biology), for the partial fulfilment of requirements
for the completion of course as a part of curriculum
of CBSE Examinations.

Signature of the Teacher:

Practical Examiner:
Principal:
 Acknowledgement
Upon submitting this investigatory project, I want
to convey my heartfelt gratitude to Ms. Ankita
Jena, Department of Biology, and Our Principal,
Mr. Hitesh Kumar Verma for providing me this
wonderful opportunity along with necessary
guidance to make this fruitful project.
This investigatory project would not have been
possible without their aid and encouragements.
I am tremendously grateful to my parents and my
classmates for being understanding and
supportive, and giving their suggestions regarding
this topic and their helpful criticism essential for
accomplishment of the project.
Introduction:
Biodiversity:
The occurrence of
different types of
genes, gene pools,
species, habitats and
ecosystem in a
particular place and
various parts of
earth is called biodiversity.
The term biodiversity was coined by Edward
Wilson.
Conservation of Biodiversity:
Conservation of biodiversity is essential for
maintaining ecological balance and ensuring the
survival of threatened species. In situ and ex situ
conservation are two complementary methods
used to achieve this goal. This investigatory
project aims to compare and contrast these two
approaches, highlighting their strengths and
limitations.
Biodiversity can be conserved by protecting its
whole ecosystem.
There are two basic approaches for conservation if
biodiversity:
In situ conservation (On site
conservation):
In situ conservation involves protecting and
managing species within their natural habitats.
This approach aims to preserve the ecosystem’s
integrity and promote co-existence between
species.
1. Biodiversity Hotspots:
These are regions of high levels of species
richness and high degree of endemism.
Endemic species are species confined only to a
limited region.
There are 36 Hotspots in the world. In India, the
three hot spots are Western Ghats and Sri Lanka,
Indo Burma and Himalaya. These reduce mass
extinction by 30%.
2. Protected Areas:
India has 18 biosphere reserves, 106 national
parks and 567 wildlife sanctuaries.
Jim Corbett National Park was the first to be
established in India.

i. Biosphere Reserves:
Biosphere reserves include terrestrial,
marine and coastal ecosystems.
It also restores the traditional life of the
tribals living in that vicinity. They conserve
the biodiversity of that area.

Human activities are strictly restricted in

the biospheres, whereas in the national
parks, partial regulations are applied
within categorised regions.
 India’s most popular biosphere reserves are:
Biosphere Reserve State Year
(established)

Nilgiri Biosphere Tamil Nadu 2000

Reserve
Gulf of Mannar Kerala 2001
Biosphere Reserve
Sundarbans West Bengal 2001
Biosphere Reserve
Nanda Devi Uttarakhand 2004
Biosphere Reserve
Nokrek Biosphere Meghalaya 2009
Reserve
Pachmarhi Madhya 2009
Biosphere Reserve Pradesh
Simlipal Biosphere Odisha 2009
Reserve
Great Nicobar Andaman & 2013
Biosphere Reserve Nicobar
Islands
ii. National Parks:
A national park is a nature park
designated for conservation purposes
because of unparalleled national, natural,
historic or cultural significance.

They protect wildlife and their habitats

from human impact and destruction. They
provide animals a safe space to survive
and reproduce.
iii. Wildlife Sanctuaries:
A Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area of
importance for flora, fauna, or features of
geological or other interest, which is
reserved and managed for conservation
and to provide opportunities for study or
research.
Rann of Kutch, also known as the Indian
Wild Ass sanctuary is the largest wildlife
sanctuary in India.
iv. Sacred Groves:
Ramsar sites are wetlands which are
considered to be of international
importance.
Most Popular Sacred Groves in India:
Khasi and Jaintia Hills (Meghalaya)
Aravali Hills (Rajasthan)
Western Ghats (Karnataka)
Western Ghats (Maharashtra)
v. Ramsar Sites:
A Ramsar site is a wetland of international
importance under Ramsar Convention.
Ramsar Convention: An international
treaty for the conservation of wetlands.
There are 85 Ramsar sites in India. Some
are Chilika, Bhitarkanika, Sambhar and
Rudrasagar lake.
Ex situ conservation (Off site
conservation):
This approach involves placing threatened
animals and plants in special care units for their
protection.
India has 122 botanical gardens and 347
zoological parks.

1. Protection of threatened species:

i. Zoological Parks:
A zoological park is a facility in which
animals are placed within enclosures, cared
for, displayed to the public, and may be
used for the study.
Top 5 largest zoos in India:
- Arignar Anna Zoological Park
- Nandankanan Zoological Park
- Indira Gandhi Zoological Park
- Assam State Zoo cum Botanical Garden
- Nehru Zoological Park
ii. Botanical Gardens:
A botanical garden or botanic garden is a
garden with a documented collection of
living plants for the purpose of scientific
research.
Top 5 largest gardens in
India:
- Lalbagh Botanical Garden,
Bangalore
- Lloyd's Botanical Garden,
Darjeeling
- Assam State Botanical
Garden, Guwahati
- Jawaharlal Nehru
Memorial Botanical Garden,
Srinagar
- National Botanical
Research Institute, Lucknow.
- Empress Garden, Pune.
iii. Wildlife Safari Park:
A safari park, sometimes known as a
wildlife park, is a zoo-like commercial drive-in
tourist attraction where visitors can drive their
own vehicles or ride in vehicles provided by the
facility to observe freely roaming animals.
Best Wildlife Safaris in India:
Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra
Pench Tiger Reserve, Pench, Madhya Pradesh
Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Satpura National Park, Madhya Pradesh

2. Protection of Gametes:
Tissue Seed Banks Gene Banks
Culture
Tissue culture is A seed bank is a A gene bank is a
the growth of place where type of
tissues or cells in seeds are stored biorepository
an artificial to preserve that is designed
medium separate genetic diversity around the
from the parent for the future. preservation of
organism. genetic
information.
This technique is They are usually Gene banks are
also called flood, bomb and often used for
micropropagation. radiation-proof storing the
Many animal cells vaults holding genetic material
can be induced to jars of seeds of species that
grow outside of from different are close to
their tissue of plant species. extinction.
origin under
defined
conditions.
Comparison:
In situ Ex situ
Conservation Conservation
It is the methods of It is the methods of
conserving all the living conserving all the living
species, especially the wild species in the artful
and endangered species in habitats that reflect their
their natural habitats and natural living habitats.
environment.

It is not suitable in case of It is the best option in case

rapid decline in the of rapid decline in the
number of a species, due number of a species, due
to any factor. to any factor.

Example – National parks, Example – Zoos,

Wildlife sanctuaries, Cryopreservation DNA
Biosphere reserves. banks, Aquariums,
Botanical gardens.

ADVANTAGES: ADVANTAGES:
Preserves ecosystem Provides immediate
integrity and biodiversity. protection for endangered
species.
Allows for natural Allows for controlled
interactions and breeding and population
adaptations between management.
species.
DISADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:
May not be feasible for May not preserve
species with limited or ecosystem integrity or
degraded habitats. biodiversity.
Can be challenging to Can be expensive and
monitor and manage large resource-intensive.
areas.

Conclusion:
Both in situ and ex situ conservation methods have their
strengths and limitations. In situ conservation is ideal
for preserving ecosystem integrity and promoting
coexistence between species, while ex situ conservation
provides immediate protection for endangered species
and supports conservation of degraded habitats.
A hybrid approach, combining both methods, may be
the most effective strategy. For example, in situ
conservation can be used to protect the natural habitat,
while ex situ conservation can be used to supplement
population numbers and genetic diversity.
 Bibliography

www.wikipedia.org
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-
conservation-biology-definition-principles-
quiz.html
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/in-situ-and-ex-
situ-conservation-of-biodiversity/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity
https://iscnagpur.ac.in/study_material/1.7_SAK
_Famous_Biosphere_Reserves_in_India.pdf
https://www.naturesafariindia.com/biodiversity-
hot-spots-in-india-and-around-the-world/

THANK YOU!