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The document discusses various components of plasma proteins, including albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen, detailing their roles in blood functions such as coagulation and transport. It also covers erythrocytes (red blood cells), their formation, types of anemia, and conditions like polycythemia. Additionally, it describes leukocytes (white blood cells) and their functions in immunity and inflammation.
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auczrams Movebaxyn Yroqerd —4ant
F Albumin har q toleadan wedght of bb, 000.
> BR & produced in the Liver,
> Te mainly veeponcible for the maintananta of Clleides
OSwrakte Precruve. Tt also helpe fin the transport of billisbin,
hhovenanos, dauge,
Gilobutin:
> Gylobult har a molester’ weight nanging from Fojc00 be
UL, Sb,000.
> Tb ratily responsible tov prokaine, immunoglobibine.
qheve are thied fractions:
1, An Grlebubfr, : >
© a, po Gilobutfa, é
B.y-Gietih = 33
ae
Floxinogen:
> Fiiorinegen has a molautey weight ef 3, 40,000,
> Te pleys an tmportant vole th bleod oagutation,
> TL fe madnly “responsible fixe thé? viscoetty of blood due
bo ts - axyrmetyica Shape
Ftenins
> Mh ts 4 Plasma probatn with > molouitan weight ob bie
3 Tt fe Remed th Uber. ith tho dep of vitamin E
> The hervmad tomentratfon of prothrembin. fh plied te
tsmg [db == Eaythrorytes: CRBC)
5 The eaythroytes most abundant cellf pretent fh blood,
> The moan vod Coll diameter fe 12 He”
The Ubleknoes fe a.ap al the periphery and TH at the
we, TS surface area is 136 p™
cor
>The hermad volume g0-%4 HR.
> the normal Ufo cpan of an Rac ts tao days
— Normal Exythrouyte Count
ap
Mele — 5-5. million
1p > ih S.emitlion [mm
> Famala~ &.5-$° millfon wil fenm3
v
Ree
, |
5 Enythwopotsie te the prowess ol formation of RECS |
Anemia: |
> Anemia te a Chinutal londitfon wherein the RAC fount
cy HBX oy beth ave dooroased,
=> Jn anemia, the ©) Carmng Capauly ef “Lleod’ fe ‘Yecluced
clacetfreation:
Dopending on the Cause of anmia, thay are Clactified as,
=> Bremfa diss Fo doeveored RBC famation |
wo Arerafa due to theveased RBC destruction
> pramig dus bo Heed ters oye ayrojdy & |
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24 FrowLoN afar Dag peroeAnu
VBA porworo2d
eS Anemia due to decreased RBC -brmation: oe
\ Tron dedftuteny anemia:
<3 Tron vequived for the frmation of hemeslchin
> fubstHonad dBtravney of Fron Causser nari
3 The RBC ave wfeweylie ond kypochvomis,
2, Vitalin Bia and folic acid doitetana:
> viternin Bip and folie acid are vequired toy the
— and matuvatfon of B'S.
Sat 8! the Widbvoeyte "and inenmlochwamic 9-4 > +
3.Rernicious anamta:
> Vitamin By voquives Iriteinsie tector for Ike absorphion
D The difiutency of fntvingie factor leads bo pernicious
anemia. . ‘
4. Aplastic. anemia:
rasa! bald tase
> this fe caused dus to Suppression of bohe marrow
by drugs, toxins and expotuse of X-vayr
Anemia dua to tnoveased Rec Destruction:
l. Thatersemia: pred besa sleore
ws There: fe a» detect th the synthesis of the, globin chain of
Me abie Cousot premature destyurtion of ved Call due to membrane
domage Eee
2 Sletle call omamfa
> BC's Contain abhormat hemoglobin Lexmed bs.
> ThE Loads yg steele -thaped dodormity on expecwye
fo hypoxfa, vestutting vastly yupture and dfetruction of lAo coll
8. Hevodt tary sphorouytotie:
a. We corer, Bee's bewomes extarsivoly Permable te
‘
> They assume a bitenver chaped and are prone to
Na®
homolysts.
q Gilacose- b- Phasphate . dehyd reganose ( GbPD) ole Fedaney =
> the duffefancy of this enayme Couser, \clamage, to: the:
Rec mantrane Leading to hamolyst
> bro is wvoquived fo fymation of RBC mamlboyang,
Anemia due fo blood lass:
Acute bleed lass:
> Hemorrhage occurs due to acedente ey dheving Surgery
D Sudden bloc lee recast Rac big oe
ond nevmechvomi,
Chronic blood loce: ehensuget
SU te Sean in’ poptic ulcer, hemmorrhotde. hookwerm
Fofestanon ond mene trual Frrequonttfec,
the Rae ane microrytie cand hypochromic ,
Morphological dasstdPeation :
Microyytic hypechromic anemia,
emallen in se
> tn this lype of anemia, RBC’S are
thal content of the call ft alco Yedueed,
(£5) Tron. dehictaney anemia. Nermorgtic nermo chromic anamia: .
95n Abic type of anemia , REC le ane normag. tn size, the Hb
tontent Pe edo normed, but the number of lle fr -vedued,
a5 G3) Aeake! blood less, Hamorrhage.
Nacwoeybic anemia: inlets 4
tne. the Hh ontent of those cllt
> Ree ane large, tn, sia,
ie nowmal.
(tg) Vitamin Bi, dietary anemia
folyeytheria:
= Tolyeythemta 13 a Condition where the goc tount
fo fnevanued above 8 million aells [oom
qhere are wo types of Palyey thera po
te Polyey thamia vera,
9. getondary polycythemia
Tolyaytharnfa. vera:
abnovmolity.
5 Palyeyttenia vena tf produced alue to ganete
>the blast calle producing
<> his tneveases the hemolvorit value, Lbtak blood volume,
‘and viscosity of blood.
Secondary polyeythemia:
© Sewondeny Polyeythemia tt of two bypet)
U) Phystelogteat — diy Pathelegteal. beri Tolycythamia: loons
= Physiolsgica Polyrythomia occurs al’ high :
autRude dit to hypoxia.
> Thety RCB Count’ Te around b-7 mill fen [mm
Pathological Poly ey themia: wnsen logs
> Pathological Pelycy themta ~ oteurs in, «
> Cheonie putmonany discase
o> chronic smoleevs
> ‘venat tumors. ais
> tumors of the Liver
3 breath lumens,
Packed cell Volume:
> Pautod call volume Cpev) tS ithe, parcentage of ved calle
present fr tha bleed, Tt fe alco Called hemotoentt Velut
> pve ts Ineveased fo polycythemia, diarrhea, ond erent
Vomiting. - . fun
> bis deeveased fh anermra, and preghandy. OO Ee a ie) ae ee 7
Leuleorytes, — mma! saltane rs 44 cep a0 5 ror
<> Preanulocytes
> Agranutorytes,
Gyranutocy bes:
> Naukvophils ~(bo- bs %)
= Eosinophils - (1-47)
> osephils ~ (0-179
Rgvanulorytes:
> Lymphorytes 283079
~D Monoeytos— C2-8%)
Functions +
> Neutrophite and nenetytes are Phagocytic
> Cosinophils ane antiallergte ond anki parast tic.
> Basophile Ubarate heparin and histamine
> Lymphowtas ave thvolved in Tomunity. Morphology ol Leateuytes: wegen
Neatro hile:
dilametey
Wy Nedtophile ane ehoud Net pe fo
<> They fom ahoul bo- bY % ef Ue betel leulorytes
> the ruckus fe mullilehed and Veay from ato leber .
<> The mumber of lobot incveated as the houbrphil
slde
ges older
: <5 the Lfe Span ef neulrephil is about b-7 hours fy bleed
and [2G days Th Eiscue
Fanchions: :
2 The main danchon = Aislruthion ef mitreergenisms by
Phagoey tosls.
(Her of Phagocytosis’)
1. Substance Called Selecting attyvact the naattrophils
Fowcrds the Veceuler anelothaltam
2, Ablachmint of the hautrephils to the arcletheliim
& ert gattisn. Mangiration :
3. Later, the hentwphils Squcere through the pever of bled
vessels by the proest of dlfapedisis
q. The newrephils aye attach atlrauted te the Ste of
Fafiammation by » pretest called Chemetarte
iS The Inveckiog beukena ore tonted with Critass plasm
doth which moke tt cuftable fr Phaseeytegts. Thte prowess fe
Codbed opsenization
b. Neutrephils projed pseudepe rio th atl altrectfons
extend the batlorvia and i & onguited. thir prowess fs termed
phagecy feels. Fostnophile:
> Costnephils ave awund le-ly Ke In cliame ber
> They form 1-4% of the bole! Lrukorytes
athe puceus hes two ( Spectacle Shaped tohes
> They Stay in blocd for b- § beet ond Ge Hocus 4-5 00ye:
Fundion:
=> Cecinophils ave antfallergic tr funckfon
@rsophile:
> Bosophils eve the Gast ramerces of less {hao
Gealeoeybos Foming
Ix of folal Luleory ter
> They awund S-lop Tm diamater. :
the puller fe Tryegules forrs- Shaped
Fianction 5
SD Bacophile Uberote heparin, which fs an antieoagudant
lergic veaction.
Substance»
o> They Ubencte Iulamine, which produess eal
Monoxytee :
