Sustainable Transportation
For achieving SDGs
Prof. Mallikarjuna, Civil Engineering Department, IIT Guwahati
Sustainable Development
• Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs
• the concept of "needs", in particular the essential needs of the world's poor,
to which overriding priority should be given
• the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social
organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs.
Transport: Overview
Transport is a crucial driver of economic and social
development, bringing opportunities for the poor and enabling
economies to be more competitive
The sector is crucial to reducing poverty, boosting prosperity, and
achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, as transport is at the
heart of critical development challenges
Present and forecasted trips
• Annual passenger traffic will exceed 80 trillion passenger-
kilometers—a fifty percent increase by 2030
• Global freight volumes will grow by 70 percent
• Additional 1.2 billion cars will be on the road by 2050
Present and forecasted trips
Present and forecasted trips
• By 2030, an additional 1.2 billion people with a radically changed
socio-economic makeup will fuel new demands for mobility solutions
• People aspire to live in a mobile society where they can move easily
from place to place, travel and relocate as needed, and have quick
and easy access to a range of goods and services.
• With the trend toward increased physical movement of people and
goods, new opportunities are emerging that allow the “virtual”
movement of people and goods as well.
Present and forecasted figures
• This connectivity extends to transport systems, it can lead to more
equitable, efficient, and safer mobility, and offer great opportunities
for countries to reshape the way people, goods, and services travel.
• In many urban areas, the use of smartphones has catalyzed a move
away from vehicle ownership
Sustainable Transport & SDGs
Goal 2: Zero Hunger
Goal 3: Good Health and Wellbeing
Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
Goal 9: Industry Innovation and
Infrastructure
Goal 11: Sustainable cities and
Communities
Goal 12: Responsible consumption
and Production
Goal 13: Climate action
SDG Targets related to Transportation
• Target 11. 2
• by 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport
systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with
special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children,
persons with disabilities and older persons
• Target 3.6,
• by 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents
• Target 9.1
• aiming at developing quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure,
including regional and trans-border infrastructure, to support economic
development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access
for all
Rapid Urbanization and motorization
• The number of vehicles on the road will double to reach 2 billion by
2050.
• Cities will be home to some 6.7 billion residents by 2050, equivalent
to 2/3 of the projected global population.
Climate Change
Transport accounts for about
• 64% of global oil consumption,
• 27% of all energy use, and
• 23% of the world’s energy-related CO2 emissions.
• With motorization rates on the rise, the environmental impact of the
sector is expected to grow dramatically.
• Transportation sources account for approximately a third of PM pollution in
India
• Vehicle sales: 10 million in 2007 to over 21 million in 2016,
• The total number of vehicles on the road is expected to nearly double to
about 200 million by 2030
Vehicle sales in India
Category 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
Passenger 2,601,236 2,789,208 3,047,582 3,288,581 3,377,389 2,773,575
Vehicles
Commercial 614,948 685,704 714,082 856,916 10,07,311 717,688
Vehicles
Three Wheelers 532,626 538,208 511,879 635,698 7,01,005 636,569
Two Wheelers 15,975,561 16,455,851 17,589,738 20,200,117 21,179,847 17,417,616
Quadricycle# 0 0 0 627 942
Grand Total 19,724,371 20,468,971 21,863,281 24,981,312 26,266,179 21,546,390
Accessibility and Affordability
• An estimated one billion people in low-income countries still lack
access to an all-weather road.
• Per capita trip rate in India is about 1.5
• In many cities, time lost to congestion erodes prosperity.
• High mobility costs cut the disposable income of the poor who often
lack reliable and affordable public transportation
Road safety
• More than 1.25 million people are killed and up to 50 million are
injured on the world’s roads every year.
• Low and middle-income countries account for 90% of the deaths
although they own just half the world’s motor vehicles.
• Reported road fatalities are around 1.5 lakhs
Air pollution
• pollution from motorized road transport has been associated with a
wide range of health conditions, including cardiovascular and
pulmonary diseases.
• Each year, almost 185,000 deaths can be directly attributed to
pollution from vehicles.
Reference: Global Mobility
Report 2017
Universal Access
SDG 3.4
related to diseases such as cancer, heart disease and stroke,
links directly to appropriate active transport infrastructure and
access to public transport
SDG target 9.1
This the need to develop quality, reliable, sustainable, and
resilient infrastructure, and focuses on affordable and
equitable access for all
SDG target 11.2
This addresses the need for access to safe, affordable,
accessible, and sustainable transport systems for all, with
special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable
situations, women, children, persons with disabilities, and
older persons.
System Efficiency
• SDG target 7.3 aims at doubling the global rate of improvement in energy
efficiency
• SDG target 12.c aims at rationalizing inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies
• SDG target 12.3 aims at halving per capita global food waste and reducing
food losses along production and supply chains
• SDG target 9.4 aims at, among others, upgrading infrastructure to make it
sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of
clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes
• SDG target 17.14 aims at strengthening country level mechanisms to
enhance policy coherence for sustainable development
Safety
• SDG target 3.6 is specifically dedicated to road safety, and aims to, by
2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic
accidents
• In addition, SDG target 11.2 refers to improving road safety in cities,
notably by expanding public transport.
Green Mobility
• Green transport is an integral part of the SDGs, and filters into many SDG targets.
• SDG target 13.2 aims at integrating climate change measures into national
policies, strategies, and planning, and
• SDG target 13.1 aims to strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-
related hazards and natural disasters in all countries.
• SDG target 7.3 aims to double the global rate of improvement in energy
efficiency, which will have a direct impact on GHG emissions and other pollutants.
• Similarly, SDG targets 3.9 and 11.6 relate to air pollution—addressing illnesses or
deaths and pollution’s environmental impacts on cities, respectively.
• SDG 3.4 relates to non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, heart disease and
stroke, all linked to air pollution, noise and lack of walking and cycling. The
transport sector plays a pivotal role in the achievement of these targets.
Where are we?
SDG 1, No Poverty
SDG 5, Gender equality
In India
Towards sustainable
Transportation..
Interventions in this direction..
• Sustainable modes of transport are the ones that consume minimal
resources
• The promotion of public transit systems has been difficult and
ineffective
• Adequate infrastructure for non-motorized mode of transport
• Need to develop vehicles that optimize the use of highway and fuel
resources, provide safe and comfortable transportation and at the
same time have minimal impact on the environment
Focus is on
• Minimizing the travel demand through various means
• Through understanding land use-transport interaction
• Minimizing personal vehicle growth and usage
• Encourage mass transport systems
• Maximizing the utility of public transport
• Maximizing the utility of non-motorized modes of transport
• Maximizing the utility of existing infrastructure
Through Vehicle technologies
a) driver assistance systems
b) active stability control systems
c) ride quality improvement
d) traffic congestion solutions and
e) fuel economy and vehicle emissions
A glimpse of Driver Assistance systems
Collision avoidance systems which automatically detect slower
moving preceding vehicles and provide warning and brake
assist to the driver
Adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems which are enhanced
cruise control systems and enable preceding vehicles to be
followed automatically at a safe distance
Lane departure warning systems
A glimpse of Driver Assistance systems
lane keeping systems which automate steering on straight roads
vision enhancement/ night vision systems
driver condition monitoring systems which detect and provide warning
for driver drowsiness, as well as for obstacles and pedestrians
safety event recorders and automatic collision and severity notification
systems
Thank You
