ST.

JOSEPH’S COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE

(AUTONOMOUS)

Affiliated to Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar | Re-Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade (3rd Cycle)
Recognized under section 2(f) and 12 (B) of the UGC Act,1956 | A Christian Minority Institution

St. Joseph’s College Road, Manjakuppam, Cuddalore - 607001

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (CA)

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023-24

REPORT ON INTERNSHIP

SUBMITTED BY

ABINASH B (A22ACD03)

CHANDRU R (A22ACD13)

MOHAMED THAAHIR M (A22ACD29)

MAHIZH ARASAN M (A22ACD30)

SATHISH KUMAR S (A22ACD44)

VENUE

HILLS MINERRALS, CUDDALORE

DATE

17/06/2024 TO 24/06/2024
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the internship is a bonafide work done by ABINASH B

(A22ACD03), CHANDRU R (A22ACD13), MOHAMED THAAHIR M
(A22ACD29), MAHIZH ARASAN M(A22ACD30), SATHISH KUMAR S
(A22ACD44) Bachelor of Business Administration (CA) in St. Joseph’ s College
of Art & Science(Autonomous),Cuddalore-607001, affiliated to Annamalai
University, Annamalai nagar, during the academic year 2023 -2024.

Signature of the Class Teacher Signature of the Head of the Department

 DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (CA)
INTERNSHIP REPORT
(ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-24)

Sector/Industry: Purify water company

Organization Name: Hills Minerrals

Official address: 49/3a1&A2,M.Pudur,Arisipperiyankuppam,Cuddalore

Organization location: Cuddalore

Nature of business: Packaging Drinking Water

Name of the proprietor: K.Murugesan

Person interacted with: Bala Krishnan

Total number of employees: 45

Date of internship: 17/06/2024 to 24/06/2024

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I praise and thank the Lord Almighty for his abundant blessings, courage, strength
and confidence showered upon me in completing the project successfully
I extend my heartfelt thanks to Rev.Fr.Dr.M.Swaminathan, D.JURIS.,
D.C.L.(ROME) , Secretary, St. Joseph's College of Arts & Science
(Autonomous), Cuddalore-1 for his encouragement and support.
I extend my sincere thanks to Dr. M. Arumai Selvam., M.Sc. (Maths), M.Sc.
(CS), M.Phil., Ph.D., PGDCA, Principal, St. Joseph’s College of Arts & Science
(Autonomous), Cuddalore-1 for his valuable support in completing the internship
work.
I express my gratitude to Rev.Fr.Dr.A.Alex, M.Com. M.Ed., M.Phil, NET, SET,
Ph.D, Head, Department of Business Administration (CA), for his valuable
support and motivation in completing the internship successfully.
I extend my heartfelt gratitude to my respectable teachers for their valuable
guidance and support in completing this work successfully.
I bestow my heartfelt thanks to Mr.K.Murugesan , proprietor, HILLS
MINERRALS, Cuddalore , for his constant and valuable guidance. He has
always been a backbone helping me to undergo the internship successfully.
Finally, I extend my love and affection to my parents, family members, teachers
and my dear friends for their continuous guidance and support throughout my
study.

ABINASH.B(A22ACD03)
CHANDRU.R(A22ACD13)
MOHAMED THAAHIR.M(A22ACD29)
MAHIZH ARASAN.M(A22ACD30)
SATHISH KUMAR.S(A22ACD44)
 ORGANISATIONAL PROFILE

Hills Minerals is started form 1996. The founder of is company V.S.S.Mani, the company
headquartered in Mumbai. It is a known soft drinking wholesaler in cuddalore district. The
owner of hills minerals in cuddalore is K.Murugsean .

In this company there is more than 45 employees worked in this company. In this company they
should take minimum 12000 liters water per day. The PH level of the water is 6.5 and TDS level
of the water is 30. It was checked every hour once before filling the water into the bottles. They
exported all the machine form Mumbai. The name of the machine is sigma packaging solution.
The purpose of machine is to filling a water, labeling his brand name in water bottles (This two
machine’s only automatic machine). In this company they have manual machinery only.

Hills Minerals Packaging Drinking Water Manufatuering Company

Process Of Packaging Drinking Water In Bottle:

FLOW CHART OF DRINKING WATER IN PLASTIC BOTTEL:

 DAY1(17.06.2024)
PET (Polyethylene terephthalate):

PET (Polyethylene terephthalate)

What is PET ?

PET chemical name is polyethylene terephthalate, also known as polyester. At

present, GF-PET is the most used among customers, mainly for production of PET bottle
preform.

The rheology of PET in molten state is better, and the effect of pressure on
viscosity is greater than temperature. Therefore, the fluidity of the melt is mainly changed
from pressure.

• Material: PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) is a highly recyclable plastic material

commonly used for beverage bottles, food containers, and other packaging applications.
• Process: PET molding is a type of injection molding that uses heat and pressure to
mold PET plastic into specific shapes.

• Drying: PET is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air. Excess
moisture can lead to defects in the final product, so it’s crucial to dry the PET material
properly before molding. Drying is typically done in a hopper dryer at around 150°C
(300°F) for 4 hours or more.

• Melting Temperature: The melting point of PET can vary depending on the specific
type of PET being used, but it is generally between 240°C (464°F) and 280°C (536°F).

• Mold Temperature: The mold temperature for PET molding is typically between
80°C (176°F) and 120°C (248°F).

• Injection Pressure: The injection pressure required for PET molding can vary
depending on the complexity of the part being molded, but it is generally between 300
and 1300 bar.

• Injection Speed: A higher injection speed can improve the surface finish of the
molded part, but it is important to avoid excessively high speeds that can cause
embrittlement.

• Gate Design: The type of gate used in PET molding can affect the quality of the
finished product. Common gate designs include sprue gates, submarine gates, and edge
gates.
 DAY 2(18.06.2024)

PET moulding machine used for creating plastic water bottles:

BLOW MOULDING MACHINE

❖ Type: PET molding utilizes a specific type of injection molding machine.

• Function: The machine heats PET pellets (plastic granules) until molten, then injects
them under high pressure into a mold cavity shaped like the desired bottle. The plastic
cools and solidifies within the mold, forming the final bottle shape.

• Components:
o Clamping Unit: This unit applies a strong force to hold the mold halves together
during the molding process.
o Injection Unit: This unit houses the heating system that melts the PET pellets
and the injection screw that pressurizes and forces the molten plastic into the
mold.
 o Mold: This is the two-piece metal cavity that defines the final shape of the bottle,
including details like threads, neck, and base.
o Control System: This sophisticated computer system controls all aspects of the
machine operation, including temperature, pressure, cycle times, and machine
movements.

• Automation: PET molding machines can be:

o Automatic: Completely self-operating, with robots or automated systems loading
pellets, handling molds, and unloading finished bottles.
o Semi-Automatic: Requiring human intervention for certain tasks, such as loading
pellets or manually placing preforms (pre-shaped plastic tubes) into the mold.

• Considerations for Water Bottles:

o Machine Size: The size of the machine is chosen based on the production volume
and bottle size. Machines for small water bottles will be smaller than those for
large jugs or industrial containers.
o Mold Design: Molds for water bottles are specifically designed to create the
desired bottle shape, including features like grips, ridges, and labeling areas.
o Production Speed: These machines can be incredibly fast, producing thousands
of bottles per hour depending on the complexity of the design.

Additional Notes:

• PET molding machines are complex industrial equipment requiring skilled operators and
maintenance personnel.
• Safety features are crucial to prevent accidents due to high pressure and hot materials.
 DAY 3 (19.06.2024)

PREFORM MEACHINE:
A preform machine, also called a PET preform molding machine or injection molding machine
for PET preforms, is a crucial part of the plastic water bottle manufacturing process. Here’s a
detailed breakdown.

Function:

• Unlike directly molding the final bottle shape, a preform machine creates preforms – pre-
shaped plastic tubes – that are the starting point for plastic water bottles.

Process:

1. Feeding: PET pellets are fed into a hopper.

2. Drying: The pellets are dried to remove any moisture, which can negatively impact the
final product.
3. Melting: The pellets enter a heated barrel where they melt into a viscous liquid.
4. Injection: The molten plastic is injected under high pressure into a mold cavity shaped
like the preform.
5. Cooling: The plastic cools and solidifies within the mold, forming the preform.
6. Ejection: The finished preform is ejected from the mold.

Components:

• Clamping Unit: Similar to a regular PET molding machine, this unit applies a strong
force to hold the mold halves together during the injection process.
• Injection Unit: This unit houses the heating system that melts the PET pellets and the
injection screw that pressurizes and forces the molten plastic into the preform mold. The
screw design is often optimized for PET to ensure efficient melting and minimal
degradation.
 • Mold: The preform mold is a two-piece metal cavity that defines the preform’s shape,
including the neck (where the cap goes), body, and base.
• Control System: A sophisticated computer system controls all aspects of the machine
operation, including temperature, pressure, cycle times, and machine movements.

Machine Variations:

• Preform machines come in various sizes, with larger models producing more preforms
per hour. The choice depends on production volume and preform complexity.

Benefits of Preforms:

• Preforms offer several advantages:

o Efficiency: Preform production can be faster than directly molding bottles,
allowing for higher production volumes.
o Cooling: Preforms are easier to cool efficiently due to their smaller size, leading
to better quality and faster cycle times.
o Transportation: Preforms are lighter and more compact than finished bottles,
reducing transportation costs.
o Versatility: Preforms can be used to create bottles of various shapes and sizes by
using different blow molding machines.

Additional Notes:

• Preform machines require skilled operators and maintenance personnel.

• Safety features are essential due to high pressure and hot materials.
In essence, preform machines are the workhorses behind plastic water bottle production,
creating the essential building blocks for the final containers.

DAY 4 (20.06.2024)

FILTERING THE WATER :

Water Filtering Process

There is three stages to filtering the water :

❖ Sand filter
❖ Carbon filter
❖ Micron filter
1.Sand filter:

• Function: Sand filters act as a physical barrier, trapping suspended particles like dirt,
sediment, and organic matter. Water flows through the sand media, leaving these
impurities behind.
• Pre-treatment: Water companies primarily use sand filters for pre-treatment. They
remove larger particles before the water undergoes further disinfection processes like
chlorination. This protects delicate equipment downstream and improves the efficiency of
disinfection.
• Types: Two main types are used:
o Slow Sand Filters: Highly effective at removing particles but slower and require
more space. Ideal for removing pathogens like Giardia and Cryptosporidium.
o Rapid Sand Filters: Process water faster and are more cost-effective. May
require additional pre-treatment steps to ensure particle size is suitable for
efficient filtration.

• Benefits:
o Simple and Cost-Effective: Sand is a readily available and relatively inexpensive
media.
o Durable and Reliable: Sand filters require minimal maintenance and have a long
lifespan.
o Effective Pre-treatment: Efficiently removes large particles, improving overall
water quality and disinfection processes.

• Limitations:
o Limited Removal: Sand filters don't remove dissolved contaminants or
microorganisms on their own. Subsequent disinfection steps are necessary.
o Backwashing: Regular backwashing (reversing water flow) is required to remove
trapped particles, adding operational costs.
 o Not a Standalone Solution: Sand filters are one step in a multi-stage treatment
process for safe drinking water.

In conclusion, sand filters are a workhorse technology for water companies. They provide a
robust and cost-effective method for pre-treatment, ensuring clean water reaches consumers.
However, their role is best suited for removing physical impurities, and a comprehensive
treatment plan is needed for complete water purification.

2.Carbon filter:

• Function: Carbon filters utilize activated carbon, a highly porous material with a vast
surface area. This allows them to adsorb (attract and hold onto) various contaminants
through a physical and chemical process.

• Applications: Water companies primarily use carbon filters for two key purposes:
o Post-treatment: Carbon filters are often used after primary and secondary
treatment processes to remove chlorine taste and odor, residual disinfectants, and
synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) like herbicides and pesticides.
o Pre-treatment (Specific Situations): In some cases, carbon filters can be used
pre-treatment to remove specific organic matter that might interfere with
disinfection or create disinfection byproducts.
• Types: There are two main types of carbon filters used in water treatment plants:
o Granular Activated Carbon (GAC): Loose carbon granules used in pressure
vessels for high-flow applications.
o Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC): Fine carbon powder directly added to the
water stream for targeted removal of specific contaminants.
• Benefits:
o Improved Taste and Odor: Effectively removes chlorine taste and odor, along
with other unpleasant tastes and odors caused by organic compounds.
 o SOC Removal: Can significantly reduce levels of synthetic organic chemicals
like herbicides and pesticides.
o Disinfection Byproduct Reduction: Helps remove precursors to disinfection
byproducts (DBPs) like trihalomethanes (THMs) formed during chlorination.
• Limitations:
o Limited Removal: Carbon filters don't remove all contaminants, particularly
inorganic and microbial ones. They require a comprehensive treatment plan.
o Regeneration/Replacement: GAC filters require periodic regeneration or
replacement, adding operational costs. PAC needs proper dosing for effectiveness.
o Specificity: Effectiveness can vary depending on the target contaminant and the
type of carbon used.

In conclusion, carbon filters are a valuable tool for water companies, enhancing water quality by
improving taste, odor, and removing specific organic contaminants. However, they are best used
strategically within a multi-stage treatment plan to ensure comprehensive water purification.

3.Micro filter:

Microfiltration (MF) offers a step up in water treatment compared to sand filters. Here's a
breakdown of how microfilters benefit water companies:

• Function: Microfilters utilize a physical barrier with pore sizes ranging from 0.1 to 10
microns. This allows them to remove:
o Suspended particles like algae, protozoa (including Giardia and
Cryptosporidium), and some bacteria.
o Colloids (very fine particles) that can escape conventional sand filtration.

• Applications: Water companies use microfilters in several ways:

 o Pre-treatment: MF can be a highly effective pre-treatment step, protecting
downstream processes like reverse osmosis (RO) membranes from damage by
larger particles.
o Stand-alone treatment (limited): In some cases, MF can be used as a standalone
treatment for specific water sources with low microbial contamination, especially
for surface water sources.
• Types: There are two main types of microfiltration systems used in water treatment:
o Hollow Fiber: Water flows through tiny hollow fibers with micropores, filtering
out particles larger than the pore size.
o Membranes: Water passes across a thin membrane with micropores, achieving
similar filtration to hollow fiber systems.
• Benefits:
o Effective Barrier: Removes a wider range of contaminants compared to sand
filters, including harmful pathogens like Giardia and Cryptosporidium.
o Protects Downstream Processes: Prevents damage to delicate RO membranes
and other equipment by removing larger particles.
o Can be Standalone (limited): In specific scenarios, MF can provide sufficient
treatment for low-risk water sources.
• Limitations:
o Limited Removal: Microfilters don't remove dissolved contaminants, viruses, or
some bacteria. Further treatment is often necessary.
o Membrane Maintenance: Regular cleaning and replacement of membranes are
required, adding operational costs.
o Pre-treatment Needs: Microfilters may require pre-treatment
(coagulation/flocculation) to remove particles that can clog the membranes.

In conclusion, microfilters offer water companies a powerful tool for pre-treatment and, in some
cases, standalone treatment. They provide a finer level of filtration than sand filters, removing
harmful pathogens. However, microfilters are not a complete solution and require proper
integration within a multi-stage treatment plan for safe drinking water.
 DAY 5 (21.06.2024)

WATER FILLING MACHINE:

Water filling process

1. Hygiene and Cleanliness:

o Ensure that the bottles are clean and sanitized before filling. Use food-safe
materials and avoid any contaminants.
o If you’re filling reusable bottles, wash them regularly to prevent bacterial growth.

2. Water Source:

o Use a reliable and safe water source. Filtered tap water is a good choice, but make
sure it meets quality standards.
o For commercial bottling, purified or spring water is commonly used.
3. Bottle Material:

o Choose bottles made of food-grade plastic (PET), glass, or stainless steel.

o PET bottles are lightweight, shatterproof, and recyclable.
o Glass bottles are reusable, but they can break and are heavier.
o Stainless steel bottles are durable and keep water cool.

4.Filling Techniques:

o Gravity Fill: Common for home use. Fill the bottle by pouring water from a
pitcher or tap.
o Automatic Filling Machines: Used in large-scale production. These machines
ensure precise filling levels.
o Manual Filling Stations: Found in gyms, offices, and public places. Users fill their
own bottles.

5.Labeling and Branding:

o For commercial bottling, labels are essential. They provide information about the
water source, brand, and nutritional content.
o Labels should comply with regulations and be clear and legible.

6.Sealing and Cap Types:

o Screw-on caps are common for reusable bottles.

o Tamper-evident seals are crucial for commercial bottles to ensure safety and
quality.
Remember, proper handling and storage are essential to maintain water quality.

DAY 6 (22.06.2024)

LABELING MACHINE:

Labeling Machine

1.Manual Bottle Labeling Machines:

These are handheld devices that allow you to apply labels to cylindrical containers
manually.

Examples include the Upgraded Manual Labeling Machine1 and the Hanchen Manual
Round Bottle Labeling Machine1.

They work well for small-scale production.

2.Specialized Systems:

For plastic water bottles, consider the Trine 4800 Roll-Fed Labeling System by Accraply or
the Graham & Sleevit VF350 and VF650 Shrink Sleeve Applicators4.

These systems are designed for specific bottle types and labeling requirements.

Remember to choose a machine based on your production needs, label type, and bottle
shape.

1.Types of Labeling Machines:

Pressure-Sensitive Labelers: These machines apply adhesive labels to bottles using

pressure. They work well for various bottle shapes and sizes.

❖ Roll-Fed Labelers: These machines use continuous rolls of labels and apply them to
bottles as they rotate.
❖ Shrink Sleeve Labelers: These apply heat-shrinkable sleeves to bottles, conforming
to their shape when heated.
❖ Cold Glue Labelers: Ideal for glass bottles, these use cold glue to attach paper
labels.
❖ Hot Melt Glue Labelers: These apply labels using hot melt adhesive.

2.Components of a Labeling Machine:

❖ Label Dispenser: Unrolls and dispenses labels.

❖ Conveyor System: Transports bottles through the labeling process.
❖ Label Applicator: Applies labels to bottles.
❖ Adjustable Guides: Ensure precise label placement.
❖ Control Panel: Allows operators to set parameters.
3.Labeling Techniques:

❖ Wrap-Around Labeling: Labels wrap around the entire bottle.

❖ Front and Back Labeling: Applies labels to both sides of the bottle.
❖ Top Labeling: Labels the bottle cap or closure.
❖ Neck Labeling: Labels the neck area of the bottle.

4.Considerations:

❖ Speed: Choose a machine that matches your production speed.

❖ Accuracy: Ensure precise label placement.
❖ Bottle Shape: Different machines suit various bottle shapes (cylindrical, square,
etc.).
❖ Label Material: Consider the type of label material (paper, plastic, etc.).
❖ Remember, selecting the right labeling machine depends on your specific
requirements. Feel free to ask if you need more information.
 DAY 7 (24.06.2024)

PACKAGING MACHINE:

PACKAGING MACHINE
1. Bottling Machines:

o These machines are specifically designed for filling liquid or semi-liquid products
into bottles or containers. Here are some notable options:

▪ AccuWeight Net Weight Fillers: Accurate filling of liquid or semi-liquid

products into containers ranging from 0.5 to 6 gallons (2-25 liters).
▪ Mini-Pinch Filling Machine: Suitable for filling aqueous solutions, thin
oils, and light liquids.
▪ Pinch-25 and Pinch-50: Timed flow volumetric fillers for water-thin
liquids, oils, and creams.
▪ Semi-Automatic Volumetric Fillers (SVF): Piston fillers that deliver a
measured volume of product to each container.
 2. Vertical Case Packing Machines:

o These machines gently handle containers (including plastic bottles) during

packing. They ensure bottle stability, protect glass integrity, and handle heavy
containers without impact.

3.Automatic Bottle Packers:

o Suitable for loading bottles into cases of various sizes and packaging
configurations, these machines are reliable, easy to operate, and mechanically
simple.

4. Plastic Bottle Unscramblers:

o These machines prepare plastic bottles for filling by unscrambling and orienting
them. They feature tool-less adjustments and are safe and easy to operate.

FINANCIAL CONSTRATINTS:

Capital requirement for the business: 95 lakhs

Required working capital for the business: 15 lakhs
Annual turnover of the business: 4 Crore
Profit earned in a year: 65 lakhs
Application taxation for the business: 5%
KEY OBSERVATION AND LEARNING OUTCOMES FROM THE
INTERNSHIP:

DAY 1: (PET BOTTLES)

They buy the pet bottles from (SRI ASK POLYMERS , Cuddalore). In whole sale rate to do the
water bottles. Per 50 kg pet bottles in whole sale rate is Rs:1500.

DAY 2: ( BLOW MOULDING MACHINE)

After , they buying the pet bottles, they was moulding the pet bottles in bottle shape . they do
more then 3000 bottles in per day.

DAY 3: (PREFORM MACHINE)

Preform machine is also a moulding machine. It was do the water bottles in water liters.
For example : 300ml water bottles,500ml water bottles etc….

DAY 4: (FILTERING THE WATER)

They was filtering the water into three types 1.Micro filter,2.Carbon filter,3.Sand filter.
In this company took minimum of 12000 liters of water in per day.In the water PH level is 6.5
and TDS level of water is 3.0 it was testing by every one hour a water is after the filtering stage.

DAY 5: (FILLING WATER INTO BOTTLES)

After the filter stage a water was filling into the water bottles. They use automatic machine to fill
the water into the bottles.

DAY 6: (LABELING)
They print his company in water bottles. In label format, it is the main process of to promoting
the his company name to others.
DAY 7: (PACKAGING)
They pack the water bottles in cases in one case they had 25 water bottles.

I Learned how water is filter from filtering stage and then how is it packed in bottles, Also I seen
lot of machineries behind the Water production and I admire the Process of making with modern
technology. In future this will helpful to do business with proper infrastructure and management